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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Shorewall News</title>
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<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF">Shorewall News Archive</font></h1>
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<p><b>8/22/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.7 Released 8/13/2002</b></p>
<p>Features in this release include:</p>
<ul>
<li>The 'icmp.def' file is now empty! The rules in that file were required in
ipchains firewalls but are not required in Shorewall. Users who have
ALLOWRELATED=No in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">shorewall.conf</a> should
see the <a href="errata.htm#Upgrade">Upgrade Issues</a>.</li>
<li>A 'FORWARDPING' option has been added to <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">
shorewall.conf</a>. The effect of setting this variable to Yes is the same as
the effect of adding an ACCEPT rule for ICMP echo-request in
<a href="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">/etc/shorewall/icmpdef</a>. Users
who have such a rule in icmpdef are encouraged to switch to FORWARDPING=Yes.</li>
<li>The loopback CLASS A Network (127.0.0.0/8) has been added to the rfc1918
file.</li>
<li>Shorewall now works with iptables 1.2.7</li>
<li>The documentation and web site no longer uses FrontPage themes.</li>
</ul>
<p>I would like to thank John Distler for his valuable input regarding TCP SYN
and ICMP treatment in Shorewall. That input has led to marked improvement in
Shorewall in the last two releases.</p>
<p><b>8/13/2002 - Documentation in the <a target="_top" href="http://www.shorewall.net/cgi-bin/cvs/cvsweb.cgi">CVS Repository</a></b></p>
<p>The Shorewall-docs project now contains just the HTML and image files - the
Frontpage files have been removed.</p>
<p><b>8/7/2002 - <i>STABLE</i></b> <b>branch added to <a target="_top" href="http://www.shorewall.net/cgi-bin/cvs/cvsweb.cgi">CVS Repository</a></b></p>
<p>This branch will only be updated after I release a new version of Shorewall
so you can always update from this branch to get the latest stable tree.</p>
<p><b>8/7/2002 - <a href="errata.htm#Upgrade">Upgrade Issues</a> section added
to the <a href="errata.htm">Errata Page</a></b></p>
<p>Now there is one place to go to look for issues involved with upgrading to
recent versions of Shorewall.</p>
<p><b>8/7/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.6</b></p>
<p>This is primarily a bug-fix rollup with a couple of new features:</p>
<ul>
<li>The latest <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guides </a>
including the <a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup Guide.</a></li>
<li>Shorewall will now DROP TCP packets that are not part of or
related to an existing connection and that are not SYN packets. These &quot;New
not SYN&quot; packets may be optionally logged by setting the LOGNEWNOTSYN option
in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</a>.</li>
<li>The processing of &quot;New not SYN&quot; packets may be extended by commands in
the new <a href="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">newnotsyn extension script</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>7/30/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.5b Released</b></p>
<p>This interim release:</p>
<ul>
<li>Causes the firewall script to remove the lock file if it is killed.</li>
<li>Once again allows lists in the second column of the
<a href="Documentation.htm#Hosts">/etc/shorewall/hosts</a> file.</li>
<li>Includes the latest <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart
Guides</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>7/29/2002 - New Shorewall Setup Guide Available</b></p>
<p>The first draft of this guide is available at
<a href="http://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_setup_guide.htm">
http://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_setup_guide.htm</a>. The guide is intended
for use by people who are setting up Shorewall to manage multiple public IP
addresses and by people who want to learn more about Shorewall than is
described in the single-address guides. Feedback on the new guide is welcome.</p>
<p><b>7/28/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.5 Debian Package Available</b></p>
<p>Lorenzo Martignoni reports that the packages are version 1.3.5a and are available at <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a>.</p>
<p><b>7/27/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.5a Released</b></p>
<p>This interim release restores correct handling of REDIRECT rules. </p>
<p><b>7/26/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.5 Released</b></p>
<p>This will be the last Shorewall release for a while. I'm going to be
focusing on rewriting a lot of the documentation.</p>
<p><b>&nbsp;</b>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>Empty and invalid source and destination qualifiers are now detected in
the rules file. It is a good idea to use the 'shorewall check' command before
you issue a 'shorewall restart' command be be sure that you don't have any
configuration problems that will prevent a successful restart.</li>
<li>Added <b>MERGE_HOSTS</b> variable in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">
shorewall.conf</a> to provide saner behavior of the /etc/shorewall/hosts
file.</li>
<li>The time that the counters were last reset is now displayed in the
heading of the 'status' and 'show' commands.</li>
<li>A <b>proxyarp </b>option has been added for entries in
<a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</a>. This
option facilitates Proxy ARP sub-netting as described in the Proxy ARP
subnetting mini-HOWTO (<a href="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/Proxy-ARP-Subnet/">http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/Proxy-ARP-Subnet/</a>).
Specifying the proxyarp option for an interface causes Shorewall to set
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/&lt;interface&gt;/proxy_arp.</li>
<li>The Samples have been updated to reflect the new capabilities in this
release. </li>
</ul>
<p><b>7/16/2002 - New Mirror in Argentina</b></p>
<p>Thanks to Arturo &quot;Buanzo&quot; Busleiman, there is now a Shorewall mirror in
Argentina. Thanks Buanzo!!!</p>
<p><b>7/16/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.4 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>A new <a href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">
/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a> file has been added. This file is intended to
eventually replace the <b>routestopped</b> option in the
/etc/shorewall/interface and /etc/shorewall/hosts files. This new file makes
remote firewall administration easier by allowing any IP or subnet to be
enabled while Shorewall is stopped.</li>
<li>An /etc/shorewall/stopped <a href="Documentation.htm#Scripts">extension
script</a> has been added. This script is invoked after Shorewall has
stopped.</li>
<li>A <b>DETECT_DNAT_ADDRS </b>option has been added to
<a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shoreall/shorewall.conf</a>. When this
option is selected, DNAT rules only apply when the destination address is the
external interface's primary IP address.</li>
<li>The <a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">QuickStart Guide</a> has
been broken into three guides and has been almost entirely rewritten.</li>
<li>The Samples have been updated to reflect the new capabilities in this
release. </li>
</ul>
<p><b>7/8/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.3 Debian Package Available</b></p>
<p>Lorenzo Marignoni reports that the packages are available at <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a>.</p>
<p><b>7/6/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.3 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>Entries in /etc/shorewall/interface that use the wildcard character (&quot;+&quot;)
now have the &quot;multi&quot; option assumed.</li>
<li>The 'rfc1918' chain in the mangle table has been renamed 'man1918' to
make log messages generated from that chain distinguishable from those
generated by the 'rfc1918' chain in the filter table.</li>
<li>Interface names appearing in the hosts file are now validated against the
interfaces file.</li>
<li>The TARGET column in the rfc1918 file is now checked for correctness.</li>
<li>The chain structure in the nat table has been changed to reduce the
number of rules that a packet must traverse and to correct problems with
NAT_BEFORE_RULES=No</li>
<li>The &quot;hits&quot; command has been enhanced.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>6/25/2002 - Samples Updated for 1.3.2</b></p>
<p>The comments in the sample configuration files have been updated to reflect
new features introduced in Shorewall 1.3.2.</p>
<p><b>6/25/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.1 Debian Package Available</b></p>
<p>Lorenzo Marignoni reports that the package is available at <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a>.</p>
<p><b>6/19/2002 - Documentation Available in PDF Format</b></p>
<p>Thanks to Mike Martinez, the Shorewall Documentation is now available for
<a href="download.htm">download</a> in <a href="http://www.adobe.com">Adobe</a>
PDF format.</p>
<p><b>6/16/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.2 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>A <a href="Documentation.htm#Starting">logwatch command</a> has been
added to /sbin/shorewall.</li>
<li>A <a href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic blacklist facility</a> has
been added.</li>
<li>Support for the <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">Netfilter multiport
match function</a> has been added.</li>
<li>The files <b>firewall, functions </b>and <b>version</b> have been moved
from /etc/shorewall to /var/lib/shorewall.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>6/6/2002 - Why CVS Web access is Password Protected</b></p>
<p>Last weekend, I installed the CVS Web package to provide brower-based access
to the Shorewall CVS repository. Since then, I have had several instances where
my server was almost unusable due to the high load generated by website copying
tools like HTTrack and WebStripper. These mindless tools:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ignore robot.txt files.</li>
<li>Recursively copy everything that they find.</li>
<li>Should be classified as weapons rather than tools.</li>
</ul>
<p>These tools/weapons are particularly damaging when combined with CVS Web
because they doggedly follow every link in the cgi-generated HTML resulting in
1000s of executions of the cvsweb.cgi script. Yesterday, I spend several hours
implementing measures to block these tools but unfortunately, these measures
resulted in my server OOM-ing under even moderate load.</p>
<p>Until I have the time to understand the cause of the OOM (or until I buy
more RAM if that is what is required), CVS Web access will remain Password
Protected. </p>
<p><b>6/5/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.1 Debian Package Available</b></p>
<p>Lorenzo Marignoni reports that the package is available at <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a>.</p>
<p><b>6/2/2002 - Samples Corrected</b></p>
<p>The 1.3.0 samples configurations had several serious problems that prevented
DNS and SSH from working properly. These problems have been corrected in the
<a href="/pub/shorewall/samples-1.3.1">1.3.1 samples.</a></p>
<p><b>6/1/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.1 Released</b></p>
<p>Hot on the heels of 1.3.0, this release:</p>
<ul>
<li>Corrects a serious problem with &quot;all <i>&lt;zone&gt;</i> CONTINUE&quot; policies.
This problem is present in all versions of Shorewall that support the
CONTINUE policy. These previous versions optimized away the &quot;all2<i>&lt;zone&gt;</i>&quot;
chain and replaced it with the &quot;all2all&quot; chain with the usual result that a
policy of REJECT was enforced rather than the intended CONTINUE policy.</li>
<li>Adds an <a href="Documentation.htm#rfc1918">/etc/shorewall/rfc1918</a>
file for defining the exact behavior of the<a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">
'norfc1918' interface option</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/29/2002 - Shorewall 1.3.0 Released</b></p>
<p>In addition to the changes in Beta 1, Beta 2 and RC1, Shorewall 1.3.0
includes:</p>
<ul>
<li>A 'filterping' interface option that allows ICMP echo-request (ping)
requests addressed to the firewall to be handled by entries in
/etc/shorewall/rules and /etc/shorewall/policy.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/23/2002 - Shorewall 1.3 RC1 Available</b></p>
<p>In addition to the changes in Beta 1 and Beta 2, RC1 (Version 1.2.92)
incorporates the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for the /etc/shorewall/whitelist file has been withdrawn. If you
need whitelisting, see <a href="/1.3/whitelisting_under_shorewall.htm">these
instructions</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/19/2002 - Shorewall 1.3 Beta 2 Available</b></p>
<p>In addition to the changes in Beta 1, this release which carries the
designation 1.2.91 adds:</p>
<ul>
<li>The structure of the firewall is changed markedly. There is now an INPUT
and a FORWARD chain for each interface; this reduces the number of rules that
a packet must traverse, especially in complicated setups.</li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Exclude">Sub-zones may now be excluded from
DNAT and REDIRECT rules.</a></li>
<li>The names of the columns in a number of the configuration files have been
changed to be more consistent and self-explanatory and the documentation has
been updated accordingly.</li>
<li>The sample configurations have been updated for 1.3.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/17/2002 - Shorewall 1.3 Beta 1 Available</b></p>
<p>Beta 1 carries the version designation 1.2.90 and implements the following
features:</p>
<ul>
<li>Simplified rule syntax which makes the intent of each rule clearer and
hopefully makes Shorewall easier to learn.</li>
<li>Upward compatibility with 1.2 configuration files has been maintained so
that current users can migrate to the new syntax at their convenience.</li>
<li><b><font color="#CC6666">WARNING:&nbsp; Compatibility with the old
parameterized sample configurations has NOT been maintained. Users still
running those configurations should migrate to the new sample configurations
before upgrading to 1.3 Beta 1.</font></b></li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/4/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.13 is Available</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Whitelist">White-listing</a> is supported.</li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Policy">SYN-flood protection </a>is added.</li>
<li>IP addresses added under <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">ADD_IP_ALIASES
and ADD_SNAT_ALIASES</a> now inherit the VLSM and Broadcast Address of the
interface's primary IP address.</li>
<li>The order in which port forwarding DNAT and Static DNAT
<a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">can now be reversed</a> so that port
forwarding rules can override the contents of <a href="Documentation.htm#NAT">
/etc/shorewall/nat</a>. </li>
</ul>
<p><b>4/30/2002 - Shorewall Debian News</b></p>
<p>Lorenzo Marignoni reports that Shorewall 1.2.12 is now in both the
<a href="http://packages.debian.org/testing/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Testing Branch</a> and the
<a href="http://packages.debian.org/unstable/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Unstable Branch</a>.</p>
<p><b>4/20/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.12 is Available</b></p>
<ul>
<li>The 'try' command works again</li>
<li>There is now a single RPM that also works with SuSE.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>4/17/2002 - Shorewall Debian News</b></p>
<p>Lorenzo Marignoni reports that:</p>
<ul>
<li>Shorewall 1.2.10 is in the
<a href="http://packages.debian.org/testing/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Testing Branch</a></li>
<li>Shorewall 1.2.11 is in the
<a href="http://packages.debian.org/unstable/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Unstable Branch</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Thanks, Lorenzo!</p>
<p><b>4/16/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.11 RPM Available for SuSE</b></p>
<p>Thanks to <a href="mailto:s.mohr@familie-mohr.com">Stefan Mohr</a>, there is
now a Shorewall 1.2.11
<a href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/shorewall-1.2-11.i686.suse73.rpm">
SuSE RPM</a> available. </p>
<p><b>4/13/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.11 Available </b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>The 'try' command now accepts an optional timeout. If the timeout is
given in the command, the standard configuration will automatically be
restarted after the new configuration has been running for that length of
time. This prevents a remote admin from being locked out of the firewall in
the case where the new configuration starts but prevents access.</li>
<li>Kernel route filtering may now be enabled globally using the new
ROUTE_FILTER parameter in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</a>.</li>
<li>Individual IP source addresses and/or subnets may now be excluded from
masquerading/SNAT.</li>
<li>Simple &quot;Yes/No&quot; and &quot;On/Off&quot; values are now case-insensitive in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>4/13/2002 - Hamburg Mirror now has FTP </b></p>
<p>Stefan now has an FTP mirror at
<a target="_blank" href="ftp://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall">
ftp://germany.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall</a>.&nbsp; Thanks Stefan!</p>
<p><b>4/12/2002 - New Mirror in Hamburg</b></p>
<p>Thanks to <a href="mailto:s.mohr@familie-mohr.com">Stefan Mohr</a>, there is
now a mirror of the Shorewall website at
<a target="_top" href="http://germany.shorewall.net">
http://germany.shorewall.net</a>. </p>
<p><b>4/10/2002 - Shorewall QuickStart Guide Version 1.1 Available</b></p>
<p><a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Version 1.1 of the QuickStart Guide</a>
is now available. Thanks to those who have read version 1.0 and offered their
suggestions. Corrections have also been made to the sample scripts.</p>
<p><b>4/9/2002 - Shorewall QuickStart Guide Version 1.0 Available</b></p>
<p><a href="shorewall_quickstart_guide.htm">Version 1.0 of the QuickStart Guide</a>
is now available. This Guide and its accompanying sample configurations are
expected to provide a replacement for the recently withdrawn parameterized
samples. </p>
<p><b>4/8/2002 - Parameterized Samples Withdrawn </b></p>
<p>Although the <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/samples-1.2.1/">parameterized
samples</a> have allowed people to get a firewall up and running quickly, they
have unfortunately set the wrong level of expectation among those who have used
them. I am therefore withdrawing support for the samples and I am recommending
that they not be used in new Shorewall installations.</p>
<p><b>4/2/2002 - Updated Log Parser</b></p>
<p><a href="mailto:JML@redwoodtech.com">John Lodge</a> has provided an updated
version of his
<a href="pub/shorewall/parsefw/">CGI-based log parser</a> with corrected date
handling. </p>
<p><b>3/30/2002 - Shorewall Website Search Improvements</b></p>
<p>The quick search on the home page now excludes the mailing list archives.
The <a href="htdig/search.html">Extended Search</a> allows excluding the
archives or restricting the search to just the archives. An archive search form
is also available on the <a href="mailing_list.htm">mailing list information
page</a>.</p>
<p><b>3/28/2002 - Debian Shorewall News (From Lorenzo Martignoni)</b></p>
<ul>
<li>The 1.2.10 Debian Package is available at <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a>.</li>
<li>Shorewall 1.2.9 is now in the
<a href="http://packages.debian.org/unstable/net/shorewall.html">Debian
Unstable Distribution</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/25/2002 - Log Parser Available</b></p>
<p><a href="mailto:JML@redwoodtech.com">John Lodge</a> has provided a
<a href="pub/shorewall/parsefw/">CGI-based log parser</a> for Shorewall. Thanks
John.</p>
<p><b>3/20/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.10 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>A &quot;shorewall try&quot; command has been added (syntax: shorewall try <i>
&lt;configuration directory&gt;</i>). This command attempts &quot;shorewall -c <i>
&lt;configuration directory&gt;</i> start&quot; and if that results in the firewall
being stopped due to an error, a &quot;shorewall start&quot; command is executed. The
'try' command allows you to create a new <a href="Documentation.htm#Configs">
configuration</a> and attempt to start it; if there is an error that leaves
your firewall in the stopped state, it will automatically be restarted using
the default configuration (in /etc/shorewall).</li>
<li>A new variable ADD_SNAT_ALIASES has been added to
<a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</a>. If this
variable is set to &quot;Yes&quot;, Shorewall will automatically add IP addresses
listed in the third column of the <a href="Documentation.htm#Masq">
/etc/shorewall/masq</a> file.</li>
<li>Copyright notices have been added to the documenation.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/11/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.9 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>Filtering by <a href="Documentation.htm#MAC">MAC address</a> has been added.
MAC addresses may be used as the source address in:<ul>
<li>Filtering rules (<a href="Documentation.htm#Rules">/etc/shorewall/rules</a>)</li>
<li>Traffic Control Classification Rules (<a href="traffic_shaping.htm#tcrules">/etc/shorewall/tcrules</a>)</li>
<li>TOS Rules (<a href="Documentation.htm#TOS">/etc/shorewall/tos</a>)</li>
<li>Blacklist (<a href="Documentation.htm#Blacklist">/etc/shorewall/blacklist</a>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Several bugs have been fixed</li>
<li>The 1.2.9 Debian Package is also available at <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/1/2002 - 1.2.8 Debian Package is Available</b></p>
<p>See <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a></p>
<p><b>2/25/2002 - New Two-interface Sample</b></p>
<p>I've enhanced the two interface sample to allow access from the firewall to
servers in the local zone -
<a href="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/LATEST.samples/two-interfaces.tgz">
http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/LATEST.samples/two-interfaces.tgz</a></p>
<p><b>2/23/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.8 Released</b></p>
<p>Do to a serious problem with 1.2.7, I am releasing 1.2.8. It corrects
problems associated with the lock file used to prevent multiple state-changing
operations from occuring simultaneously. My apologies for any inconvenience my
carelessness may have caused.</p>
<p><b>2/22/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.7 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>UPnP probes (UDP destination port 1900) are now silently dropped in the
<i>common</i> chain</li>
<li>RFC 1918 checking in the mangle table has been streamlined to no longer
require packet marking. RFC 1918 checking in the filter table has been
changed to require half as many rules as previously.</li>
<li>A 'shorewall check' command has been added that does a cursory validation
of the zones, interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>2/18/2002 - 1.2.6 Debian Package is Available</b></p>
<p>See <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a></p>
<p><b>2/8/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.6 Released</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>$-variables may now be used anywhere in the configuration files except
/etc/shorewall/zones.</li>
<li>The interfaces and hosts files now have their contents validated before
any changes are made to the existing Netfilter configuration. The appearance
of a zone name that isn't defined in /etc/shorewall/zones causes &quot;shorewall
start&quot; and &quot;shorewall restart&quot; to abort without changing the Shorewall state.
Unknown options in either file cause a warning to be issued.</li>
<li>A problem occurring when BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL was not set has been
corrected.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>2/4/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.5 Debian Package Available</b></p>
<p>see <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a></p>
<p><b>2/1/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.5 Released</b></p>
<p>Due to installation problems with Shorewall 1.2.4, I have released Shorewall
1.2.5. Sorry for the rapid-fire development.</p>
<p>In version 1.2.5:</p>
<ul>
<li>The installation problems have been corrected.</li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#Masq">SNAT</a> is now supported.</li>
<li>A &quot;shorewall version&quot; command has been added</li>
<li>The default value of the STATEDIR variable in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf has been changed to /var/lib/shorewall in
order to conform to the GNU/Linux File Hierarchy Standard, Version 2.2.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>1/28/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.4 Released</b></p>
<ul>
<li>The &quot;fw&quot; zone <a href="Documentation.htm#FW">may now be given a
different name</a>.</li>
<li>You may now place end-of-line comments (preceded by '#') in any of the
configuration files</li>
<li>There is now protection against against two state changing operations
occuring concurrently. This is implemented using the 'lockfile' utility if
it is available (lockfile is part of procmail); otherwise, a less robust
technique is used. The lockfile is created in the STATEDIR defined in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and has the name &quot;lock&quot;.</li>
<li>&quot;shorewall start&quot; no longer fails if &quot;detect&quot; is
specified in <a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</a> for an interface with subnet mask 255.255.255.255.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>1/27/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.3 Debian Package Available </b>-- see <a href="http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html">http://security.dsi.unimi.it/~lorenzo/debian.html</a></p>
<p><b>1/20/2002 - Corrected firewall script available&nbsp;</b></p>
<p>Corrects a problem with BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL. See <a href="errata.htm">the
errata</a> for details.</p>
<p><b>1/19/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.3 Released</b></p>
<p>This is a minor feature and bugfix release. The single new feature is:</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for TCP MSS Clamp to PMTU -- This support is usually required when
the internet connection is via PPPoE or PPTP and may be enabled using the <a href="Documentation.htm#ClampMSS">CLAMPMSS</a>
option in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</li>
</ul>
<p>The following problems were corrected:</p>
<ul>
<li>The &quot;shorewall status&quot; command no longer hangs.</li>
<li>The &quot;shorewall monitor&quot; command now displays the icmpdef chain</li>
<li>The CLIENT PORT(S) column in tcrules is no longer ignored</li>
</ul>
<p><b>1/18/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.2 packaged with new </b><a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net">LEAF</a><b>
release</b></p>
<p>Jacques Nilo and Eric Wolzak have released a kernel 2.4.16 LEAF distribution
that includes Shorewall 1.2.2. See <a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo">http://leaf.sourceforge.net/devel/jnilo</a>
for details.</p>
<p><b>1/11/2002 - Debian Package (.deb) Now Available - </b>Thanks to <a href="mailto:lorenzo.martignoni@milug.org">Lorenzo
Martignoni</a>, a 1.2.2 Shorewall Debian package is now available. There is a
link to Lorenzo's site from the <a href="download.htm">Shorewall download page</a>.</p>
<p><b>1/9/2002 - Updated 1.2.2 /sbin/shorewall available - </b><a href="/pub/shorewall/errata/1.2.2/shorewall">This
corrected version </a>restores the &quot;shorewall status&quot; command to
health.</p>
<p><b>1/8/2002 - Shorewall 1.2.2 Released</b></p>
<p>In version 1.2.2</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for IP blacklisting has been added
<ul>
<li>You specify whether you want packets from blacklisted hosts dropped or
rejected using the <a href="Documentation.htm#BLDisposition">BLACKLIST_DISPOSITION
</a>setting in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</li>
<li>You specify whether you want packets from blacklisted hosts logged and
at what syslog level using the <a href="Documentation.htm#BLLoglevel">BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL</a>
setting in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</li>
<li>You list the IP addresses/subnets that you wish to blacklist in <a href="Documentation.htm#Blacklist">/etc/shorewall/blacklist</a></li>
<li>You specify the interfaces you want checked against the blacklist
using the new &quot;<a href="Documentation.htm#BLInterface">blacklist</a>&quot;
option in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.</li>
<li>The black list is refreshed from /etc/shorewall/blacklist by the
&quot;shorewall refresh&quot; command.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Use of TCP RST replies has been expanded&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>TCP connection requests rejected because of a REJECT policy are now
replied with a TCP RST packet.</li>
<li>TCP connection requests rejected because of a protocol=all rule in
/etc/shorewall/rules are now replied with a TCP RST packet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A <a href="Documentation.htm#Logfile">LOGFILE</a> specification has been
added to /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. LOGFILE is used to tell the
/sbin/shorewall program where to look for Shorewall messages.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>1/5/2002 - New Parameterized Samples (<a href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/samples-1.2.0/" target="_blank">version
1.2.0</a>) released. </b>These are minor updates to the previously-released
samples. There are two new rules added:</p>
<ul>
<li>Unless you have explicitly enabled Auth connections (tcp port 113) to your
firewall, these connections will be REJECTED rather than DROPPED. This
speeds up connection establishment to some servers.</li>
<li>Orphan DNS replies are now silently dropped.</li>
</ul>
<p>See the README file for upgrade instructions.</p>
<p><b>1/1/2002 - <u><font color="#FF6633">Shorewall Mailing List Moving</font></u></b></p>
<p>The Shorewall mailing list hosted at <a href="http://sourceforge.net"> Sourceforge</a> is moving to Shorewall.net.
If you are a current subscriber to the list at Sourceforge, please <a href="shorewall_mailing_list_migration.htm">see
these instructions</a>. If you would like to subscribe to the new list, visit <a href="http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">http://www.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</a>.</p>
<p><b>12/31/2001 - Shorewall 1.2.1 Released</b></p>
<p>In version 1.2.1:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#LogUncleanOption">Logging of Mangled/Invalid
Packets</a> is added.&nbsp;</li>
<li>The <a href="IPIP.htm">tunnel script</a> has been corrected.</li>
<li>'shorewall show tc' now correctly handles tunnels.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>12/21/2001 - Shorewall 1.2.0 Released!</b> - <b>I couldn't resist
releasing 1.2 on 12/21/2001</b></p>
<p>Version 1.2 contains the following new features:</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for <a href="traffic_shaping.htm">Traffic Control/Shaping</a></li>
<li>Support for <a href="Documentation.htm#Unclean">Filtering of
Mangled/Invalid Packets</a></li>
<li>Support for <a href="IPIP.htm">GRE Tunnels</a></li>
</ul>
<p>For the next month or so, I will continue to provide corrections to version
1.1.18 as necessary so that current version 1.1.x users will not be forced into a
quick upgrade to 1.2.0 just to have access to bug fixes.</p>
<p>For those of you who have installed one of the Beta RPMS, you will need to
use the &quot;--oldpackage&quot; option when upgrading to 1.2.0:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>rpm -Uvh --oldpackage shorewall-1.2-0.noarch.rpm</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>12/19/2001 - Thanks to <a href="mailto:scowles@infohiiway.com">Steve
Cowles</a>, there is now a Shorewall mirror in Texas. </b>This web site is
mirrored at <a href="http://www.infohiiway.com/shorewall" target="_top">http://www.infohiiway.com/shorewall</a>
and the ftp site is at <a href="ftp://ftp.infohiiway.com/pub/mirrors/shorewall">ftp://ftp.infohiiway.com/pub/mirrors/shorewall</a>.<b>&nbsp;</b></p>
<p><b>11/30/2001 - A new set of the parameterized <a href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/samples-1.1.18">Sample
Configurations</a> has been released</b>. In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ping is now allowed between the zones.</li>
<li>In the three-interface configuration, it is now possible to configure the
internet services that are to be available to servers in the DMZ.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><b>11/20/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.18.&nbsp;</b></p>
<p>In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>The spelling of ADD_IP_ALIASES has been corrected in the shorewall.conf
file</li>
<li>The logic for deleting user-defined chains has been simplified so that it
avoids a bug in the LRP version of the 'cut' utility.</li>
<li>The /var/lib/lrpkg/shorwall.conf file has been corrected to properly
display the NAT entry in that file.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>11/19/2001 - Thanks to <a href="mailto:shorewall@timelord.sk">Juraj
Ontkanin</a>, there is now a Shorewall mirror in the Slovak Republic</b>. The website is now mirrored at <a href="http://www.nrg.sk/mirror/shorewall" target="_top">http://www.nrg.sk/mirror/shorewall</a>
and the FTP site is mirrored at <a href="ftp://ftp.nrg.sk/mirror/shorewall">ftp://ftp.nrg.sk/mirror/shorewall</a>.</p>
<p><b>11/2/2001 - Announcing Shorewall Parameter-driven Sample Configurations.</b>
There are three sample configurations:</p>
<ul>
<li>One Interface -- for a standalone system.</li>
<li>Two Interfaces -- A masquerading firewall.</li>
<li>Three Interfaces -- A masquerading firewall with DMZ.</li>
</ul>
<p>Samples may be downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/samples-1.1.17">
ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/samples-1.1.17</a>
. See the README file for instructions.</p>
<p><b>11/1/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.17</b>.&nbsp; I intend
this to be the last of the 1.1 Shorewall releases.</p>
<p> In this version:</p>
<ul>
<li>The handling of <a href="Documentation.htm#Aliases">ADD_IP_ALIASES</a>
has been corrected.<2E></li>
</ul>
<p><b>10/22/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.16</b>. In this
version:</p>
<ul>
<li>A new &quot;shorewall show connections&quot; command has been added.</li>
<li>In the &quot;shorewall monitor&quot; output, the currently tracked
connections are now shown on a separate page.</li>
<li>Prior to this release, Shorewall unconditionally added the external IP
adddress(es) specified in /etc/shorewall/nat. Beginning with version
1.1.16, a new parameter (<a href="Documentation.htm#Aliases">ADD_IP_ALIASES</a>)
may be set to &quot;no&quot; (or &quot;No&quot;) to inhibit this behavior.
This allows IP aliases created using your distribution's network
configuration tools to be used in static NAT.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><b>10/15/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.15.</b> In this
version:</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for nested zones has been improved. See <a href="Documentation.htm#Nested">
the documentation</a>
for details</li>
<li>Shorewall now correctly checks the alternate configuration directory for
the 'zones' file.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>10/4/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.14.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>Shorewall now supports alternate configuration directories. When an
alternate directory is specified when starting or restarting Shorewall
(e.g., &quot;shorewall -c /etc/testconf restart&quot;), Shorewall will first
look for configuration files in the alternate directory then in
/etc/shorewall. To create an alternate configuration simply:<br>
1. Create a New Directory<br>
2. Copy to that directory any of your configuration files that you want to
change.<br>
3. Modify the copied files as needed.<br>
4. Restart Shorewall specifying the new directory.</li>
<li>The rules for allowing/disallowing icmp echo-requests (pings) are now
moved after rules created when processing the rules file. This allows you to
add rules that selectively allow/deny ping based on source or destination
address.</li>
<li>Rules that specify multiple client ip addresses or subnets no longer cause
startup failures.</li>
<li>Zone names in the policy file are now validated against the zones file.</li>
<li>If you have <a href="Documentation.htm#MangleEnabled">packet mangling</a>
support enabled, the &quot;<a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">norfc1918</a>&quot;
interface option now logs and drops any incoming packets on the interface
that have an RFC 1918 destination address.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>9/12/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.13</b>. In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>Shell variables can now be used to parameterize Shorewall rules.</li>
<li>The second column in the hosts file may now contain a comma-separated
list.<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sea&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
eth0:130.252.100.0/24,206.191.149.0/24</li>
<li>Handling of multi-zone interfaces has been improved. See the <a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">documentation
for the /etc/shorewall/interfaces file</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>8/28/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.12</b>. In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>Several columns in the rules file may now contain comma-separated lists.</li>
<li>Shorewall is now more rigorous in parsing the options in
/etc/shorewall/interfaces.</li>
<li>Complementation using &quot;!&quot; is now supported in rules.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>7/28/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.11</b>. In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>A &quot;shorewall refresh&quot; command has been added to allow for
refreshing the rules associated with the broadcast address on a dynamic
interface. This command should be used in place of &quot;shorewall
restart&quot; when the internet interface's IP address changes.</li>
<li>The /etc/shorewall/start file (if any) is now processed after all
temporary rules have been deleted. This change prevents the accidental
removal of rules added during the processing of that file.</li>
<li>The &quot;dhcp&quot; interface option is now applicable to firewall
interfaces used by a DHCP server running on the firewall.</li>
<li>The RPM can now be built from the .tgz file using &quot;rpm -tb&quot;&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><b>7/6/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.10.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>Shorewall now enables Ipv4 Packet Forwarding by default. Packet forwarding
may be disabled by specifying IP_FORWARD=Off in
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. If you don't want Shorewall to enable or
disable packet forwarding, add IP_FORWARDING=Keep to your
/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf file.</li>
<li>The &quot;shorewall hits&quot; command no longer lists extraneous service
names in its last report.</li>
<li>Erroneous instructions in the comments at the head of the firewall script
have been corrected.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>6/23/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.9.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>The &quot;tunnels&quot; file <u>really</u> is in the RPM now.</li>
<li>SNAT can now be applied to port-forwarded connections.</li>
<li>A bug which would cause firewall start failures in some dhcp configurations
has been fixed.</li>
<li>The firewall script now issues a message if you have the name of an
interface in the second column in an entry in /etc/shorewall/masq and that
interface is not up.</li>
<li>You can now configure Shorewall so that it<a href="Documentation.htm#NatEnabled"> doesn't require the NAT and/or
mangle netfilter modules</a>.</li>
<li>Thanks to Alex&nbsp; Polishchuk, the &quot;hits&quot; command
from seawall is now in shorewall.</li>
<li>Support for <a href="IPIP.htm">IPIP tunnels</a> has been added.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>6/18/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.8</b>. In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>A typo in the sample rules file has been corrected.</li>
<li>It is now possible to restrict masquerading by<a href="Documentation.htm#Masq">
destination host or subnet.</a></li>
<li>It is now possible to have static <a href="NAT.htm#LocalPackets">NAT rules
applied to packets originating on the firewall itself</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>6/2/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.7.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>The TOS rules are now deleted when the firewall is stopped.</li>
<li>The .rpm will now install regardless of which version of iptables is
installed.</li>
<li>The .rpm will now install without iproute2 being installed.</li>
<li>The documentation has been cleaned up.</li>
<li>The sample configuration files included in Shorewall have been formatted
to 80 columns for ease of editing on a VGA console.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/25/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.6</b>. In this version</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#lograte">You may now rate-limit the packet log.</a></li>
<li><font face="Century Gothic, Arial, Helvetica">&nbsp;Previous versions of
Shorewall have an implementation of Static NAT which violates the principle
of least surprise.&nbsp; NAT only occurs for packets arriving at (DNAT) or
send from (SNAT) the interface named in the INTERFACE column of
/etc/shorewall/nat. Beginning with version 1.1.6, NAT effective regardless
of which interface packets come from or are destined to. To get
compatibility with prior versions, I have added a new &quot;ALL <a href="NAT.htm#AllInterFaces">&quot;ALL
INTERFACES&quot;&nbsp; column to /etc/shorewall/nat</a>. By placing
&quot;no&quot; or &quot;No&quot; in the new column, the NAT behavior of
prior versions may be retained.&nbsp;</font></li>
<li>The treatment of <a href="IPSEC.htm#RoadWarrior">IPSEC Tunnels where the remote
gateway is a standalone system has been improved</a>. Previously, it was
necessary to include an additional rule allowing UDP port 500 traffic to
pass through the tunnel. Shorewall will now create this rule automatically
when you place the name of the remote peer's zone in a new GATEWAY ZONE
column in /etc/shorewall/tunnels.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/20/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.5.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#modules">You may now pass parameters when loading
netfilter modules and you can specify the modules to load.</a></li>
<li>Compressed modules are now loaded. This requires that you modutils support
loading compressed modules.</li>
<li><a href="Documentation.htm#TOS">You may now set the Type of Service (TOS)
field in packets.</a></li>
<li>Corrected rules generated for port redirection (again).</li>
</ul>
<p><b>5/10/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.4.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf">Accepting RELATED connections is now
optional.</a></li>
<li>Corrected problem where if &quot;shorewall start&quot; aborted early
(due to kernel configuration errors for example), superfluous 'sed' error
messages were reported.</li>
<li>Corrected rules generated for port redirection.</li>
<li>The order in which iptables kernel modules are loaded has been
corrected (Thanks to Mark Pavlidis).&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><b>4/28/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.3.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>Correct message issued when Proxy ARP address added (Thanks to Jason Kirtland).</li>
<li>/tmp/shorewallpolicy-$$ is now removed if there is an error while starting the firewall.</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/icmp.def and /etc/shorewall/common.def are now used to define the icmpdef and common chains unless overridden by the presence of /etc/shorewall/icmpdef or /etc/shorewall/common.</li>
<li>In the .lrp, the file /var/lib/lrpkg/shorwall.conf has been corrected. An extra space after "/etc/shorwall/policy" has been removed and "/etc/shorwall/rules" has been added.</li>
<li>When a sub-shell encounters a fatal error and has stopped the firewall, it now kills the main shell so that the main shell will not continue.</li>
<li>A problem has been corrected where a sub-shell stopped the firewall and main shell continued resulting in a perplexing error message
referring to "common.so" resulted.</li>
<li>Previously, placing "-" in the PORT(S) column in /etc/shorewall/rules resulted in an error message during start. This has been corrected.</li>
<li>The first line of "install.sh" has been corrected -- I had inadvertently deleted the initial "#".</li>
</ul>
<p><b>4/12/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.2.</b> In this version</p>
<ul>
<li>Port redirection now works again.</li>
<li>The icmpdef and common chains <a href="Documentation.htm#Icmpdef">may
now be user-defined</a>.</li>
<li>The firewall no longer fails to start if &quot;routefilter&quot; is
specified for an interface that isn't started. A warning message is now
issued in this case.</li>
<li>The LRP Version is renamed &quot;shorwall&quot; for 8,3 MSDOS file
system compatibility.</li>
<li>A couple of LRP-specific problems were corrected.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>4/8/2001 - Shorewall is now affiliated with the <a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net">Leaf
Project</a> </b> <a href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net">
<img border="0" src="images/leaflogo.gif" width="49" height="36"></a></p>
<p><b>4/5/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.1. In this version:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>The common chain is traversed from INPUT, OUTPUT and FORWARD before
logging occurs</li>
<li>The source has been cleaned up dramatically</li>
<li>DHCP DISCOVER packets with RFC1918 source addresses no longer
generate log messages. Linux DHCP clients generate such packets and it's
annoying to see them logged.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/25/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.1.0. In this version:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Log messages now indicate the packet disposition.</li>
<li>Error messages have been improved.</li>
<li>The ability to define zones consisting of an enumerated set of hosts
and/or subnetworks has been added.</li>
<li>The zone-to-zone chain matrix is now sparse so that only those chains
that contain meaningful rules are defined.</li>
<li>240.0.0.0/4 and 169.254.0.0/16 have been added to the source
subnetworks whose packets are dropped under the <i>norfc1918</i> interface
option.</li>
<li>Exits are now provided for executing an user-defined script when a
chain is defined, when the firewall is initialized, when the firewall is
started, when the firewall is stopped and when the firewall is cleared.</li>
<li>The Linux kernel's route filtering facility can now be specified
selectively on network interfaces.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/19/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.0.4. This version:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Allows user-defined zones. Shorewall now has only one pre-defined
zone (fw) with the remaining zones being defined in the new configuration
file /etc/shorewall/zones. The /etc/shorewall/zones file released in this
version provides behavior that is compatible with Shorewall 1.0.3.&nbsp;</li>
<li>Adds the ability to specify logging in entries in the
/etc/shorewall/rules file.</li>
<li>Correct handling of the icmp-def chain so that only ICMP packets are
sent through the chain.</li>
<li>Compresses the output of &quot;shorewall monitor&quot; if awk is
installed. Allows the command to work if awk isn't installed (although
it's not pretty).</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/13/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.0.3. This is a bug-fix
release with no new features.</b></p>
<ul>
<li>The PATH variable in the firewall script now includes /usr/local/bin
and /usr/local/sbin.</li>
<li>DMZ-related chains are now correctly deleted if the DMZ is deleted.</li>
<li>The interface OPTIONS for &quot;gw&quot; interfaces are no longer
ignored.</li>
</ul>
<p><b>3/8/2001 - The current version of Shorewall is 1.0.2. It supports an
additional &quot;gw&quot; (gateway) zone for tunnels and it supports IPSEC
tunnels with end-points on the firewall. There is also a .lrp available now.</b></p>
<p><font size="2">Updated 8/22/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom
Eastep</a> </font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">
Copyright</font> <20> <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
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