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shorewall_code/docs/QOSExample.xml
Tom Eastep d1627efe5a Add a complex QOS Example 
Signed-off-by: Tom Eastep <teastep@shorewall.net>
2012-06-17 09:57:31 -07:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
<article>
<!--$Id$-->
<articleinfo>
<title>QOS Configuration</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Eastep</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>2012</year>
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
License</ulink></quote>.</para>
</legalnotice>
</articleinfo>
<section>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This configuration was inspired by the one in this thread on the
OpenWRT Forum: <ulink
url="https://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?pid=154533#p154533">https://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?pid=154533#p154533</ulink>.
The configuration has been adapted to Shorewall 4.5.6 with the following
changes:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The configuration uses an IFB, yet only uses firewall marks in
the OUTPUT and FORWARD chains to classify packets; clearly that
doesn't work<footnote>
<para>To be more precise, it doesn't work with an unpatched
kernel. The OpenWRT script assumes an 'act_conntrack' patch which
performs conntrack processing on packets before they are sent to
the IFB. That patch is not generally available.</para>
</footnote>The configuration presented here uses U32 classifiers
(shorewall-tcfilters(5)) to classify traffic for download shaping and
uses the POSTROUTING chain for upload shaping.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The sample uses a weak form of P2P classification; the one
presented below uses <ulink url="IPP2P.html">IPP2P</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The OpenWRT script assumed that the uplink was ATM -- the one
below makes no assumption (it specifies 'ethernet' with overhead
'0').</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section>
<title>/etc/shorewall/params</title>
<para>The shell variables set in the OpenWRT script are set in the
Shorewall params file:</para>
<programlisting>DOWNLOAD=40000 #download speed in kbit. set xx% of real download speed
UPLOAD=7000 # set xx% of real upload speed
# multiports = up to 15 ports
# ports to be classified as bulk #set after connection mark save and after connection mark restore
TCP_BULK="1024:" #S and D ports
UDP_BULK="1024:" #S and D ports
# Destination ports to be classified as P2P
TCP_P2P="13769" #D ports
UDP_P2P="13769" #D ports
IP_P2P="192.168.0.133"
# Destination ports to be classified as normal
TCP_NORMAL="80,443,25,20,21,110,993,995" # D ports
UDP_NORMAL=""
# Destination ports to be classified as Prio (overules bulk ports)
TCP_PRIO="22,53" #destination ports
UDP_PRIO="22,53" #destination ports
# Destination ports to be classified as VoIP (overules bulk ports)
TCP_VOIP=""
UDP_VOIP="18080"
IP_VOIP="192.168.0.226" #destination and source IP
IP_VOIP="192.168.0.226" #destination and source IP
#!!!!!uplink leaf class parameters!!!!!!!!!
#bulk
UP_LS_BULK_RATE=$(($UPLOAD*5/100))
UP_UL_BULK_RATE=$UPLOAD
#settings leaf qdisc
UP_BULK_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
UP_BULK_RED_min=6250 #real limit. To limit BULK traffic
UP_BULK_RED_min2=6250 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
UP_BULK_RED_max=$((2 * $UP_BULK_RED_min2 + $UP_BULK_RED_min))
UP_BULK_RED_burst=$(((5 * $UP_BULK_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
UP_BULK_RED_limit=$(($UP_BULK_RED_max * 5))
#P2P
UP_LS_P2P_RATE=$(($UPLOAD * 5 / 100))
UP_UL_P2P_RATE=$UPLOAD
#settings leaf qdisc
UP_P2P_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
UP_P2P_RED_min=32000 #real limit. To limit P2P traffic
UP_P2P_RED_min2=32000 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
UP_P2P_RED_max=$((5 * $UP_P2P_RED_min2 + $UP_P2P_RED_min))
UP_P2P_RED_burst=$(((5 * $UP_P2P_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
UP_P2P_RED_limit=$(($UP_P2P_RED_max * 5))
#normal class
UP_LS_NORMAL_RATE=$(($UPLOAD * 40 / 100))
UP_UL_NORMAL_RATE=$UPLOAD
#settings leaf qdisc
UP_NORMAL_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
UP_NORMAL_RED_min=6250 #real limit. To limit NORMAL traffic
UP_NORMAL_RED_min2=6250 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
UP_NORMAL_RED_max=$((2 * $UP_NORMAL_RED_min2 + $UP_NORMAL_RED_min))
UP_NORMAL_RED_burst=$(((5 * $UP_NORMAL_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
UP_NORMAL_RED_limit=$(($UP_NORMAL_RED_max * 5))
#prio
UP_LS_PRIO_RATE=$(($UPLOAD*50/100))
UP_RT_PRIO_RATE="200" #rate in kbit
UP_RT_PRIO_UMAX="400" #lengte of the packets [byte]
UP_RT_PRIO_DMAX="15" #delay in ms
UP_UL_PRIO_RATE=$UPLOAD
#Voip
UP_UL_VOIP_RATE=$UPLOAD
UP_SC_VOIP_RATE="200"
UP_SC_VOIP_UMAX="350" #length of the voip packets [byte]
UP_SC_VOIP_DMAX="10" #delay in ms
#bulk
DOWN_LS_BULK_RATE=$(($DOWNLOAD*5/100))
DOWN_UL_BULK_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
#leaf qdisc parameters
DOWN_BULK_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
DOWN_BULK_RED_min=62500 #real limit. To limit BULK traffic
DOWN_BULK_RED_min2=62500 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
DOWN_BULK_RED_max=$((2 * $DOWN_BULK_RED_min2 + $DOWN_BULK_RED_min))
DOWN_BULK_RED_burst=$(((5 * $DOWN_BULK_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
DOWN_BULK_RED_limit=$(($DOWN_BULK_RED_max * 5))
#P2P
DOWN_LS_P2P_RATE=$(($DOWNLOAD*5/100))
DOWN_UL_P2P_RATE=4000
#leaf qdisc parameters
DOWN_P2P_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
DOWN_P2P_RED_min=200000 #real limit. To limit P2P traffic
DOWN_P2P_RED_min2=200000 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
DOWN_P2P_RED_max=$((2 * $DOWN_P2P_RED_min2 + $DOWN_P2P_RED_min))
DOWN_P2P_RED_burst=$(((5 * $DOWN_P2P_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
DOWN_P2P_RED_limit=$(($DOWN_P2P_RED_max * 5))
#normal class
DOWN_LS_NORMAL_RATE=$(($DOWNLOAD*75/100))
DOWN_UL_NORMAL_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
#leaf qdisc parameters
DOWN_NORMAL_RED_PROB=0.05 #red drob probability
DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min=62500 #real limit. To limit NORMAL traffic
DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min2=62500 #min for doing the calculations (burst and etc)
DOWN_NORMAL_RED_max=$((2 * $DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min2 + $DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min))
DOWN_NORMAL_RED_burst=$(((5 * $DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min2) / (3 * 1000)))
DOWN_NORMAL_RED_limit=$(($DOWN_NORMAL_RED_max * 5))
#prio
DOWN_RT_PRIO_RATE="500" #rate in kbit
DOWN_RT_PRIO_UMAX="400" #length of the packets [byte]/
DOWN_RT_PRIO_DMAX="1.5" #delay in ms
DOWN_UL_PRIO_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
#Voip
DOWN_UL_VOIP_RATE=$DOWNLOAD
DOWN_SC_VOIP_RATE="250"
DOWN_SC_VOIP_UMAX="350" #lengt of voip packets [byte]
DOWN_SC_VOIP_DMAX="1.2" #delay in ms</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>/etc/shorewall/init</title>
<para>The init file loads the ifb module, creating a single device:</para>
<programlisting>modprobe ifb numifbs=1
ip link set ifb0 up</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>/etc/shorewall/tcdevices</title>
<para>The tcdevices file describes the two devices:</para>
<programlisting>#NUMBER: IN-BANDWITH OUT-BANDWIDTH OPTIONS REDIRECTED
#INTERFACE INTERFACES
1:eth0 - ${UPLOAD}kbit hfsc,linklayer=ethernet,overhead=0
2:ifb0 - ${DOWNLOAD}kbit hfsc eth0</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>/etc/shorewall/tcclasses</title>
<para>The tcclasses file defines the class hierarchy for both
devices:</para>
<programlisting>#IFACE: MARK RATE: CEIL PRIORITY OPTIONS
#CLASS DMAX:UMAX
1 1 ${UP_SC_VOIP_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_SC_VOIP_DMAX}:\
${UP_SC_VOIP_UMAX} ${UP_UL_VOIP_RATE}kbit 1
1 2 ${UP_RT_PRIO_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_RT_PRIO_DMAX}:\
${UP_RT_PRIO_UMAX} ${UP_LS_PRIO_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_UL_PRIO_RATE}kbit 1
1 3 - ${UP_LS_NORMAL_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_UL_NORMAL_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$UP_NORMAL_RED_limit,\
min=$UP_NORMAL_RED_min,\
max=$UP_NORMAL_RED_max,\
burst=$UP_NORMAL_RED_burst,\
probability=$UP_NORMAL_RED_PROB,\
ecn)
1 4 - ${UP_LS_P2P_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_UL_P2P_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$UP_P2P_RED_limit,\
min=$UP_P2P_RED_min,\
max=$UP_P2P_RED_max,\
burst=$UP_P2P_RED_burst,\
probability=$UP_P2P_RED_PROB,\
ecn)
1 5 - ${UP_LS_BULK_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_UL_BULK_RATE}kbit 1 default,\
red=(limit=$UP_BULK_RED_limit,\
min=$UP_BULK_RED_min,\
max=$UP_BULK_RED_max,\
burst=$UP_BULK_RED_burst,\
probability=$UP_BULK_RED_PROB,\
ecn)
2:10 - ${UP_SC_VOIP_RATE}kbit:\
${UP_SC_VOIP_DMAX}:\
${UP_SC_VOIP_UMAX} ${UP_UL_VOIP_RATE}kbit 1
2:20 - ${DOWN_RT_PRIO_RATE}kbit:\
${DOWN_RT_PRIO_DMAX}:\
${DOWN_RT_PRIO_UMAX} ${DOWN_UL_PRIO_RATE}kbit 1
2:30 - - ${DOWN_LS_NORMAL_RATE}kbit:\
${DOWN_UL_NORMAL_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_limit,\
min=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_min,\
max=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_max,\
burst=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_burst,\
probability=$DOWN_NORMAL_RED_PROB)
2:40 - - ${DOWN_LS_P2P_RATE}kbit:\
${DOWN_UL_P2P_RATE}kbit 1 red=(limit=$DOWN_P2P_RED_limit,\
min=$DOWN_P2P_RED_min,\
max=$DOWN_P2P_RED_max,\
burst=$DOWN_P2P_RED_burst,\
probability=$DOWN_P2P_RED_PROB)
2:50 - - ${DOWN_LS_BULK_RATE}kbit:\
${DOWN_UL_BULK_RATE}kbit 1 default,\
red=(limit=$DOWN_BULK_RED_limit,\
min=$DOWN_BULK_RED_min,\
max=$DOWN_BULK_RED_max,\
burst=$DOWN_BULK_RED_burst,\
probability=$DOWN_BULK_RED_PROB)</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</title>
<para>The tcrules file classifies upload packets:</para>
<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE USER TEST
# PORT(S) PORT(S)
RESTORE:T - - - - - - !0:C
CONTINUE:T - - - - - - !0
2:T - - icmp
1:T - - udp $UDP_VOIP - - 0
1:T $IP_VOIP - - - - - 0
1:T - $IP_VOIP - - - - 0
2:T - - tcp $TCP_PRIO - - 0
2:T - - udp $UDP_PRIO - - 0
2:T - - tcp - $TCP_PRIO - 0
2:T - - udp - $UDP_PRIO - 0
3:T - - tcp $TCP_NORMAL - - 0
4:T - - ipp2p:all - - - 0
5:T - - tcp $TCP_BULK - - 0
5:T - - tcp - $TCP_BULK - 0
5:T - - udp $UDP_BULK - - 0
5:T - - udp - $UDP_BULK - 0
SAVE:T - - - - - - !0</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>/etc/shorewall/tcfilters</title>
<para>The tcfilters file classifies download packets:</para>
<programlisting>#INTERFACE: SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE TOS LENGTH
#CLASS PORT(S) PORT(S)
#
# These classify download traffic
#
2:10 - $MYNET udp - $UDP_VOIP
2:20 - $MYNET tcp - $TCP_PRIO
2:20 - $MYNET udp - $UDP_PRIO
2:20 - $MYNET tcp $TCP_PRIO
2:20 - $MYNET udp $UDP_PRIO
2:30 - $MYNET tcp - $TCP_NORMAL
2:50 - $MYNET tcp $TCP_BULK
2:50 - $MYNET tcp - $TCP_BULK
2:50 - $MYNET udp $UDP_BULK
2:50 - $MYNET tcp - $UDP_BULK
</programlisting>
</section>
</article>
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