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git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@8309 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
567 lines
24 KiB
XML
567 lines
24 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>shorewall-tcrules</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tcrules</refname>
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<refpurpose>Shorewall Packet Marking rules file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/etc/shorewall/rules</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
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classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.</para>
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<important>
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<para>Unlike rules in the <ulink
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url="shorewall-rules.html">shorewall-rules</ulink>(5) file, evaluation
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of rules in this file will continue after a match. So the final mark for
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each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule that
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matches.</para>
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<para>If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
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/etc/shorewall/providers be sure to read the restrictions at <ulink
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url="http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html">http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink>.</para>
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</important>
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<para>The columns in the file are as follows.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">MARK/CLASSIFY</emphasis> —
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{<emphasis>value</emphasis>|<emphasis>major</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>minor</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">/</emphasis><emphasis>mask</emphasis>]|<emphasis
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role="bold">SAVE</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">/</emphasis><emphasis>mask</emphasis>]|<emphasis
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role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">COMMENT</emphasis>}[<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis>{<emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">F</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">T</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">CP</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">CT</emphasis>}]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>May assume one of the following values.</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
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<listitem>
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<para>A mark <emphasis>value</emphasis> which is an integer in
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the range 1-255.</para>
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<para>Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a
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vertical bar ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with
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the current mark value to produce a new mark value. If preceded
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by an ampersand ("&"), will be logically ANDed with the
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current mark value to produce a new mark value.</para>
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<para>Both "|" and "&" require Extended MARK Target support
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in your kernel and iptables; neither may be used with connection
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marks (see below).</para>
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<para>May optionally be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
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or <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> where<emphasis
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role="bold"> :P</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur
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in the PREROUTING chain, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
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indicates that marking should occur in the FORWARD chain and
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<emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> indicates that marking
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should occur in the POSTROUTING chain. If neither <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
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nor <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> follow the mark value
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then the chain is determined as follows:</para>
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<para>- If the SOURCE is <emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...],
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then the rule is inserted into the OUTPUT chain. The behavior
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changed in Shorewall-perl 4.1. Previously, when
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, Shorewall allowed non-zero mark values
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< 256 to be assigned in the OUTPUT chain. This has been
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changed so that only high mark values may be assigned there.
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Packet marking rules for traffic shaping of packets originating
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on the firewall must be coded in the POSTROUTING chain (see
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below).</para>
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<para>- Otherwise, the chain is determined by the setting of
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MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
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<para>If your kernel and iptables include CONNMARK support then
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you can also mark the connection rather than the packet.</para>
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<para>The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a
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mask value (used to determine those bits of the connection mark
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to actually be set). The mark and optional mask are then
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followed by one of:+</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the chain determined by the
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setting of MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the FORWARD chain</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CP</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the PREROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CT</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connecdtion in the POSTROUTING chain</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Special considerations for If
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5</emphasis>).</para>
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<para>If HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, then you may also specify a value
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in the range 0x0100-0xFF00 with the low-order byte being zero.
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Such values may only be used in the PREROUTING chain (value
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followed by <emphasis role="bold">:P</emphasis> or you have set
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MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5) and have not
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followed the value with <option>:F</option>) or the OUTPUT chain
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(SOURCE is <emphasis role="bold">$FW</emphasis>). With
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, non-zero mark values less that 256 are not
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permitted. Shorewall 4.1 and later versions prohibit non-zero
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mark values less that 256 in the OUTPUT chain when
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes. While earlier versions allow such values
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in the OUTPUT chain, it is strongly recommended that with
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, you use the POSTROUTING chain to apply
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traffic shaping marks/classification.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>A classification Id (classid) of the form
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<emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> where
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<emphasis>major</emphasis> and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are
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integers. Corresponds to the 'class' specification in these
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traffic shaping modules:</para>
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<programlisting> atm
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cbq
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dsmark
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pfifo_fast
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htb
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prio</programlisting>
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<para>Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except when
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the <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> is <emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[:<emphasis>address</emphasis>] in
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which case classification occurs in the OUTPUT chain.</para>
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<para>When using Shorewall's built-in traffic shaping tool, the
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<emphasis>major</emphasis> class is the device number (the first
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device in <ulink
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url="shorewall-tcdevices.html">shorewall-tcdevices</ulink>(5) is
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major class 1, the second device is major class 2, and so on)
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and the <emphasis>minor</emphasis> class is the class's MARK
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value in <ulink
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url="shorewall-tcclasses.html">shorewall-tcclasses</ulink>(5)
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preceded by the number 1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class 11,
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MARK 5 corresponds to minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds to
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minor class 122, etc.).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis
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role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] --
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restore the packet's mark from the connection's mark using the
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supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must include
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CONNMARK support.</para>
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<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis
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role="bold">SAVE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] -- save
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the packet's mark to the connection's mark using the supplied
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mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must include CONNMARK
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support.</para>
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<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis> Don't process
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any more marking rules in the table.</para>
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<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis>. Currently, CONTINUE may not be used
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with <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see the SOURCE and DEST
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columns below); that restriction will be removed when
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iptables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">COMMENT</emphasis> -- the rest of
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the line will be attached as a comment to the Netfilter rule(s)
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generated by the following entries. The comment will appear
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delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of <command>shorewall
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show mangle</command></para>
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<para>To stop the comment from being attached to further rules,
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simply include COMMENT on a line by itself.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> — {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}|[{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Source of the packet. A comma-separated list of interface
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names, IP addresses, MAC addresses and/or subnets for packets being
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routed through a common path. List elements may also consist of an
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interface name followed by ":" and an address (e.g.,
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eth1:192.168.1.0/24). For example, all packets for connections
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masqueraded to eth0 from other interfaces can be matched in a single
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rule with several alternative SOURCE criteria. However, a connection
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whose packets gets to eth0 in a different way, e.g., direct from the
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firewall itself, needs a different rule.</para>
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<para>Accordingly, use $<emphasis role="bold">FW</emphasis> in its
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own separate rule for packets originating on the firewall. In such a
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rule, the MARK column may NOT specify either <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
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because marking for firewall-originated packets always occurs in the
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OUTPUT chain.</para>
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<para>MAC addresses must be prefixed with "~" and use "-" as a
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separator.</para>
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<para>Example: ~00-A0-C9-15-39-78</para>
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<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
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through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
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url="shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DEST</emphasis> — {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|[<emphasis>interface</emphasis>:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Destination of the packet. Comma separated list of IP
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addresses and/or subnets. If your kernel and iptables include
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iprange match support, IP address ranges are also allowed. List
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elements may also consist of an interface name followed by ":" and
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an address (e.g., eth1:192.168.1.0/24). If the <emphasis
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role="bold">MARK</emphasis> column specificies a classification of
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the form <emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> then
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this column may also contain an interface name.</para>
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<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
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through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
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url="shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> — {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">tcp:syn</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all}</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Protocol - <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> requires
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ipp2p match support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">PORT(S)</emphasis> (Optional) — [<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port names (from
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services(5)), <emphasis>port number</emphasis>s or <emphasis>port
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range</emphasis>s; if the protocol is <emphasis
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role="bold">icmp</emphasis>, this column is interpreted as the
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destination icmp-type(s).</para>
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<para>If the protocol is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>,
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this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
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"--" (example <emphasis role="bold">bit</emphasis> for bit-torrent).
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If no PORT is given, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
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assumed.</para>
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<para>This column is ignored if PROTOCOL = all but must be entered
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if any of the following field is supplied. In that case, it is
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suggested that this field contain "-"</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (Optional) —
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[<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Source port(s). If omitted, any source port is acceptable.
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Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port numbers or
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port ranges.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">USER</emphasis> (Optional) — [<emphasis
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role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is the
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firewall itself.</para>
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<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
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program generating the output is running under the effective
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<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
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specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>joe</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must be run by joe</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>:kids</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>!:kids</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>+upnpd</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>#program named upnpd</para>
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<important>
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<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
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Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
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</important>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">TEST</emphasis> — [<emphasis
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role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The
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rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
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<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
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anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>!</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
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mark's value is tested.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">LENGTH</emphasis> (Optional) -
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[<emphasis>length</emphasis>|[<emphasis>min</emphasis>]<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>max</emphasis>]]</term>
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|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Packet Length. This field, if present allow you to match the
|
|
length of a packet against a specific value or range of values. You
|
|
must have iptables length support for this to work. A range is
|
|
specified in the form
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis>:<emphasis>max</emphasis> where either
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis> or <emphasis>max</emphasis> (but not both)
|
|
may be omitted. If <emphasis>min</emphasis> is omitted, then 0 is
|
|
assumed; if <emphasis>max</emphasis> is omitted, than any packet
|
|
that is <emphasis>min</emphasis> or longer will match.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TOS</emphasis> —
|
|
<emphasis>tos</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
|
|
match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Delay</emphasis> (16)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Throughput</emphasis> (8)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Reliability</emphasis> (4)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Cost</emphasis> (2)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Normal-Service</emphasis> (0)</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 1:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer
|
|
to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
|
|
the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
|
|
are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
|
|
packets are determined to match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #MARK/ SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST
|
|
#CLASSIFY PORT(S)
|
|
1 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-request
|
|
1 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-reply
|
|
RESTORE 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - 0
|
|
CONTINUE 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0
|
|
4 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ipp2p:all
|
|
SAVE 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a packet hasn't been classifed (packet mark is 0), copy the
|
|
connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set, we're
|
|
done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the packet
|
|
mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm">http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html">http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html">http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
|
|
shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-ecn(5), shorewall-exclusion(5),
|
|
shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall-interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsec(5),
|
|
shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5),
|
|
shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5),
|
|
shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-route_rules(5),
|
|
shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5),
|
|
shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-tos(5),
|
|
shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry> |