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722 lines
31 KiB
XML
722 lines
31 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<article>
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<!--$Id$-->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Traffic Shaping/Control</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Tom</firstname>
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<surname>Eastep</surname>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Arne</firstname>
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<surname>Bernin</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate>2005-11-21</pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2001-2004</year>
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<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<copyright>
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<year>2005</year>
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<holder>Arne Bernin & Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
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1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
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no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
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License</ulink></quote>.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<section>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>Starting with Version 2.5.5, Shorewall has builtin support for
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traffic shaping and control. Before this version, the support was quite
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limited. You were able to use your own tcstart script (and you still are),
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but besides the tcrules file it was not possible to define classes or
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queueing discplines inside the Shorewall config files.</para>
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<para>The support for traffic shaping and control still does not cover all
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options available (and especially all algorithms that can be used to queue
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traffic) in the Linux kernel but it should fit most needs. If you are
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using your own script for traffic control and you still want to use it in
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the future, you will find information on how to do this, <link
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linkend="owntcstart"> later in this document</link>. But for this to work,
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you will also need to enable traffic shaping in the kernel and Shorewall
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as covered by the next sections.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Linux traffic shaping and control</title>
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<para>This section gives a brief introduction of how controlling traffic
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with the linux kernel works. Although this might be enough for configuring
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it in the Shorewall configuration files, it still might be a good idea to
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take a deeper look into the <ulink url="http://lartc.org/howto/">Linux
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Advanced Routing and Shaping HOWTO</ulink>. At the time of writing this,
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the current version is 1.0.0.</para>
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<para>Since kernel 2.2 Linux has extensive support for controlling
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traffic. You can define different algorithms that are used to queue the
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traffic before it leaves an interface. The standard one is called pfifo
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and is (as the name suggests) of the type First In First out. This means,
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that it does not shape anything, if you have a connection that eats up all
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your bandwidth, this qeueing algorithm will not stop it from doing
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so.</para>
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<para>For Shorewall traffic shaping we use two algorithms, one is called
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HTB (Hierarchical Token Bucket) and SFQ (Stochastic Fairness Queuing). SFQ
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is easy to explain: it just tries to track your connections (tcp or udp
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streams) and balances the traffic between them. This normally works well.
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HTB allows you to define a set of classes, and you can put the traffic you
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want into these classes. You can define minimum and maximum bandwitdh
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settings for those classes and order them hierachically (the less
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priorized classes only get bandwitdth if the more important have what they
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need). Shorewall builtin traffic shaping allows you to define these
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classes (and their bandwidth limits), and it uses SFQ inside these classes
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to make sure, that different data streams are handled equally.</para>
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<para>You can only shape outgoing traffic. The reason for this is simple,
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the packets were already received by your network card before you can
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decide what to do with them. So the only choice would be to drop them
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which normally makes no sense (since you received the packet already, it
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went through the possible bottleneck (the incoming connection); dropping
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packets <emphasis>does</emphasis> have an advantage when you are connected
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to the internet using a Cable Modem or DSL because it can prevent large
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queues of download traffic from forming at your ISP and thus can improve
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response time (see the definition of the IN-BANDWIDTH column of the
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/tcdevices</filename> file below). The next
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possible bottleneck might come if the packet leaves on another interface,
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so this will be the place where queuing might occur. So, defining queues
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for incoming packages is not very useful, you just want to have it
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forwarded to the outgoing interface as fast as possible.</para>
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<para>There is one exception, though. Limiting incoming traffic to a value
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a bit slower than your actual line speed will avoid queueing on the other
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end of that connection. This is mostly useful if you don't have access to
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traffic control on the other side and if this other side has a faster
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network connection than you do (the line speed between the systems is the
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bottleneck, e.g. a DSL connection to you providers router, the router
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itself is normally connected to a much faster backbone). So, if you drop
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packages that are coming in too fast, the underlaying protocol might
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recognize this and slow down the connection. TCP has a builtin mechanism
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for this, UDP has not (but the protocol over UDP might recognize it , if
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there is any).</para>
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<para>The reason why queing is bad in these cases is, that you might have
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packets which need to be priorized over others, e.g. VoIP or ssh. For this
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type of connections it is important that packets arrive in a certain
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amount of time. For others like http downloads, it does not really matter
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if it takes a few seconds more.</para>
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<para>If you have a large queue on the other side and the router there
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does not care about QoS or the QoS bits are not set properly, your
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important packets will go into the same queue as your less timecritical
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download packets which will result in a large delay.</para>
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<para>You shape and control outgoing traffic by assigning the traffic to
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<firstterm>classes</firstterm>. Each class is associated with exactly one
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network interface and has a number of attributes:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>PRIORITY - Used to give preference to one class over another
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when selecting a packet to send. The priority is a numeric value with
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1 being the highest priority, 2 being the next highest, and so
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on.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>RATE - The minimum bandwidth this class should get, when the
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traffic load rises. Classes with a higher priority (lower PRIORITY
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value) are served even if there are others that have a guaranteed
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bandwith but have a lower priority (higher PRIORITY value).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>CEIL - The maximum bandwidth the class is allowed to use when
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the link is idle.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>MARK - Netfilter has a facility for
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<firstterm>marking</firstterm> packets. Packet marks have a numberic
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value which is limited in Shorewall to the values 1-255. You assign
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packet marks to different types of traffic using entries in the
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</filename> file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>One class for each interface must be designated as the
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<firstterm>default class</firstterm>. This is the class to which unmarked
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traffic (packets to which you have not assigned a mark value in
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</filename>) is assigned.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Linux Kernel Configuration</title>
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<para>You will need at least kernel 2.4.18 for this to work, please take a
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look at the following screenshot for what settings you need to enable. For
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builtin support, you need the HTB scheduler, the PRIO pseudoscheduler and
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SFQ queue. The other scheduler or queue algorithms are not needed.</para>
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<para>This screen shot show how I've configured QoS in my Kernel:<graphic
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align="center" fileref="images/QoS.png" /></para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Enable TC support in Shorewall</title>
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<para>You need this support whether you use the builtin support or whether
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you provide your own tcstart script.</para>
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<para>To enable the builtin traffic shaping and control in Shorewall, you
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have to do the following:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set <emphasis role="bold">TC_ENABLED</emphasis> to "Internal" in
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/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. Setting TC_ENABLED=Yes causes Shorewall
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to look for an external tcstart file (See <link linkend="tcstart">a
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later section</link> for details).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Setting <emphasis role="bold">CLEAR_TC</emphasis> parameter in
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/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf to Yes will clear the traffic shaping
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configuration during Shorewall [re]start and Shorewall stop. This is
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normally what you want when using the builtin support (and also if you
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use your own tcstart script)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The other steps that follow depend on whether you use your own
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script or the builtin solution. They will be explained in the
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following sections.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Using builtin traffic shaping/control</title>
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<para>For defining bandwidths (for either devices or classes) please use
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kbit or kbps(for Kilobytes per second) and make sure there is <emphasis
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role="bold">NO</emphasis> space between the number and the unit (it is
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100kbit <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> 100 kbit). Using mbit, mbps
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or a raw number (which means bytes) could be used, but note that only
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integer numbers are supported (0.5 is <emphasis role="bold">not
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valid</emphasis>).</para>
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<para>To properly configure the settings for your devices you might need
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to find out, the real up- and downstream rates you have. This is
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especially the case, if you are using a DSL connection or one of another
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type that do not have a guaranteed bandwidth.Don't trust the values your
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provider tells you for this, especially measuring the real download speed
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is important! There are several online tools that help you find out,
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search for "dsl speed test" on google (For Germany you can use <ulink
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url="http://www.speedcheck.arcor.de/cgi-bin/speedcheck.cgi">arcor speed
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check</ulink>). Be sure to choose a test located near you.</para>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</title>
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<para>The fwmark classifier provides a convenient way to classify
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packets for traffic shaping. The <quote>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</quote>
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file is used for specifying these marks in a tabular fashion.</para>
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<para>Normally, packet marking occurs in the PREROUTING chain before any
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address rewriting takes place. This makes it impossible to mark inbound
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packets based on their destination address when SNAT or Masquerading are
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being used. You can cause packet marking to occur in the FORWARD chain
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by using the MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN option in shorewall.conf.</para>
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<para>Columns in the file are as follows:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>MARK - Specifies the mark value is to be assigned in case of a
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match. This is an integer in the range 1-255. This value may be
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optionally followed by <quote>:</quote> and either <quote>F</quote>
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or <quote>P</quote> to designate that the marking will occur in the
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FORWARD or PREROUTING chains respectively. If this additional
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specification is omitted, the chain used to mark packets will be
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determined by the setting of the MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN option in
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shorewall.conf.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>SOURCE - The source of the packet. If the packet originates on
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the firewall, place <quote>fw</quote> in this column. Otherwise,
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this is a comma-separated list of interface names, IP addresses, MAC
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addresses in Shorewall Format and/or Subnets.</para>
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<para>Examples <programlisting> eth0 192.168.2.4,192.168.1.0/24</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>DEST -- Destination of the packet. Comma-separated list of IP
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addresses and/or subnets.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>PROTO - Protocol - Must be the name of a protocol from
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/etc/protocol, a number or <quote>all</quote></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>PORT(S) - Destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
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names (from /etc/services), port numbers or port ranges (e.g.,
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21:22); if the protocol is <quote>icmp</quote>, this column is
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interpreted as the destination icmp type(s).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>CLIENT PORT(S) - (Optional) Port(s) used by the client. If
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omitted, any source port is acceptable. Specified as a
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comma-separate list of port names, port numbers or port
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ranges.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>USER/GROUP (Added in Shorewall version 1.4.10) - (Optional)
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This column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is the firewall
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itself. When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
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program generating the output is running under the effective user
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and/or group. It may contain :</para>
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<para>[!][<user name or number>]:[<group name or
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number>][+<program name>]</para>
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<para>The colon is optionnal when specifying only a user.</para>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<programlisting>joe #program must be run by joe
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:kids #program must be run by a member of the 'kids' group
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!:kids #program must not be run by a member of the 'kids' group
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+upnpd #program named upnpd (This feature was removed from Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14).</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title></title>
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<para>All packets arriving on eth1 should be marked with 1. All
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packets arriving on eth2 and eth3 should be marked with 2. All packets
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originating on the firewall itself should be marked with 3.</para>
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<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL USER/GROUP
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1 eth1 0.0.0.0/0 all
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2 eth2 0.0.0.0/0 all
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2 eth3 0.0.0.0/0 all
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3 fw 0.0.0.0/0 all</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title></title>
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<para>All GRE (protocol 47) packets not originating on the firewall
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and destined for 155.186.235.151 should be marked with 12.</para>
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<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL USER/GROUP
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12 0.0.0.0/0 155.182.235.151 47</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title></title>
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<para>All SSH packets originating in 192.168.1.0/24 and destined for
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155.186.235.151 should be marked with 22.</para>
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<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DESTINATION PROTOCOL USER/GROUP
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22 192.168.1.0/24 155.182.235.151 tcp 22</programlisting>
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</example>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcdevices</title>
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<para>This file allows you to define the incoming and outgoing bandwidth
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for the devices you want traffic shaping to be enabled. That means, if
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you want to use traffic shaping for a device, you have to define it
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here.</para>
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<para>Columns in the file are as follows:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>INTERFACE - Name of interface. Each interface may be listed
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only once in this file. You may NOT specify the name of an alias
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(e.g., eth0:0) here; see <ulink url="FAQ.htm#faq18">FAQ #18</ulink>.
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You man NOT specify wildcards here, e.g. if you have multiple ppp
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interfaces, you need to put them all in here!</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>IN-BANDWIDTH - The incoming Bandwidth of that interface.
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Please note that you are not able to do traffic shaping on incoming
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traffic, as the traffic is already received before you could do so.
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This Column allows you to define the maximum traffic allowed for
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this interface in total, if the rate is exceeded, the packets are
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dropped. You want this mainly if you have a DSL or Cable Connection
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to avoid queuing at your providers side. If you don't want any
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traffic to be dropped set this to a value faster than your interface
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maximum rate.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>OUT-BANDWIDTH - Specifiy the outgoing bandwidth of that
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interface. This is the maximum speed your connection can handle. It
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is also the speed you can refer as "full" if you define the tc
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classes. Outgoing traffic above this rate will be dropped.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title></title>
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<para>Suppose you are using PPP over Ethernet (DSL) and ppp0 is the
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interface for this. The device has an outgoing bandwidth of 500kbit
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and an incoming bandwidth of 6000kbit</para>
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<programlisting>#INTERFACE IN-BANDWITH OUT-BANDWIDTH
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ppp0 6000kbit 500kbit</programlisting>
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</example>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>/etc/shorewall/tcclasses</title>
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<para>This file allows you to define the actual classes that are used to
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split the outgoing traffic.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>INTERFACE - Name of interface. Each interface may be listed
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only once in this file. You may NOT specify the name of an alias
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(e.g., eth0:0) here; see <ulink url="FAQ.htm#faq18">FAQ #18</ulink>.
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You man NOT specify wildcards here, e.g. if you have multiple ppp
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interfaces, you need to put them all in here!</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>MARK - The mark value which is an integer in the range 1-255.
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You define these marks in the tcrules file, marking the traffic you
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want to go into the queueing classes defined in here. You can use
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the same marks for different Interfaces.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>RATE - The minimum bandwidth this class should get, when the
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traffic load rises. Please note that first the classes which equal
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or a lesser priority value are served even if there are others that
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have a guaranteed bandwith but a lower priority.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>CEIL - The maximum bandwidth this class is allowed to use when
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the link is idle. Useful if you have traffic which can get full
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speed when more important services (e.g. interactive like ssh) are
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not used. You can use the value "full" in here for setting the
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maximum bandwidth to the defined output bandwidth of that
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interface.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>PRIORITY - you have to define a priority for the class.
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packets in a class with a higher priority (=lesser value) are
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handled before less priorized onces. You can just define the mark
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value here also, if you are increasing the mark values with lesser
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priority.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>OPTIONS - A comma-separated list of options including the
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following:</para>
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|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>default - this is the default class for that interface
|
|
where all traffic should go, that is not classified
|
|
otherwise.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>defining default for exactly <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">one</emphasis> class per interface is
|
|
mandatory!</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>tos-<tosname> - this lets you define a filter for
|
|
the given <tosname> which lets you define a value of the
|
|
Type Of Service bits in the ip package which causes the package
|
|
to go in this class. Please note, that this filter overrides all
|
|
mark settings, so if you define a tos filter for a class all
|
|
traffic having that mark will go in it regardless of the mark on
|
|
the package. You can use the following for this option:
|
|
tos-minimize-delay (16) tos-maximize-throughput (8)
|
|
tos-maximize-reliability (4) tos-minimize-cost (2)
|
|
tos-normal-service (0)</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>Each of this options is only valid for <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">one</emphasis> class per interface.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>tcp-ack - if defined causes an tc filter to be created
|
|
that puts all tcp ack packets on that interface that have an
|
|
size of <=64 Bytes to go in this class. This is useful for
|
|
speeding up downloads. Please note that the size of the ack
|
|
packages is limited to 64 bytes as some applications (p2p for
|
|
example) use to make every package an ack package which would
|
|
cause them all into here. We want only packages WITHOUT payload
|
|
to match, so the size limit. Bigger packets just take their
|
|
normal way into the classes.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>This option is only valid for <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">class</emphasis> per interface.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>ppp devices</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you use ppp/pppoe/pppoa) to connect to your internet provider
|
|
and you use traffic shaping you need to restart shorewall traffic
|
|
shaping. The reason for this is, that if the ppp connection gets
|
|
restartet (and it usally does this at least daily), all
|
|
<quote>tc</quote> filters/qdiscs related to that interface are
|
|
deleted.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The easiest way to achieve this, is just to restart shorewall once
|
|
the link is up. To achieve this add a small executable script
|
|
to<quote>/etc/ppp/ip-up.d</quote>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#! /bin/sh
|
|
|
|
/sbin/shorewall restart</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Real life examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Configuration to replace Wondershaper</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>You are able to fully replace the wondershaper script by using
|
|
the buitin traffic control.You can find example configuration files at
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="http://www1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Samples/tc4shorewall/">"http://www1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Samples/tc4shorewall/</ulink>.
|
|
Please note that they are just examples and need to be adjusted to
|
|
work for you. In this examples it is assumed that your interface for
|
|
you internet connection is ppp0 (for DSL) , if you use another
|
|
connection type, you have to change it. You also need to change the
|
|
settings in the tcdevices.wondershaper file to reflect your line
|
|
speed. The relevant lines of the config files follow here. Please note
|
|
that this is just an 1:1 replacement doing exactly what wondershaper
|
|
should do. You are free to change it...</para>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>tcdevices file</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#INTERFACE IN-BANDWITH OUT-BANDWIDTH
|
|
ppp0 5000kbit 500kbit</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>tcclasses file</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#INTERFACE MARK RATE CEIL PRIORITY OPTIONS
|
|
ppp0 1 full full 1 tcp-ack,tos-minimize-delay
|
|
ppp0 2 9*full/10 9*full/10 2 default
|
|
ppp0 3 8*full/10 8*full/10 2</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>tcrules file</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) CLIENT USER
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
1:P 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-request
|
|
1:P 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-reply
|
|
# mark traffic which should have a lower priority with a 3:
|
|
# mldonkey
|
|
3 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp - 4666</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Wondershaper allows you to define a set of hosts and/or ports
|
|
you want to classify as low priority. To achieve this , you have to
|
|
add these hosts to tcrules and set the mark to 3 (true if you use
|
|
the example configuration files).</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Setting hosts to low priority</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>lets assume the following settings from your old wondershaper
|
|
script (don't assume these example values are really useful, they
|
|
are only used for demonstrating ;-):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
# low priority OUTGOING traffic - you can leave this blank if you want
|
|
# low priority source netmasks
|
|
NOPRIOHOSTSRC="192.168.1.128/25 192.168.3.28"
|
|
|
|
# low priority destination netmasks
|
|
NOPRIOHOSTDST=60.0.0.0/24
|
|
|
|
# low priority source ports
|
|
NOPRIOPORTSRC="6662 6663"
|
|
|
|
# low priority destination ports
|
|
NOPRIOPORTDST="6662 6663" </programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This would result in the following additional settings to the
|
|
tcrules file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>3 192.168.1.128/25 0.0.0.0/0 all
|
|
3 192.168.3.28 0.0.0.0/0 all
|
|
3 0.0.0.0/0 60.0.0.0/24 all
|
|
3 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp 6662,6663
|
|
3 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp - 6662,6663
|
|
3 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 6662,6663
|
|
3 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp - 6662,6663</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>A simple setup</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is a simple setup for people sharing an internet connection
|
|
and using different computers for this. It just basically shapes
|
|
between 2 hosts which have the ip addresses 192.168.2.23 and
|
|
192.168.2.42</para>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>tcdevices file</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#INTERFACE IN-BANDWITH OUT-BANDWIDTH
|
|
ppp0 6000kbit 700kbit</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>We have 6mbit down and 700kbit upstream.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>tcclasses file</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#INTERFACE MARK RATE CEIL PRIORITY OPTIONS
|
|
ppp0 1 10kbit 50kbit 1 tcp-ack
|
|
ppp0 2 300kbit full 2
|
|
ppp0 3 300kbit full 2
|
|
ppp0 4 90kbit 200kbit 3 default</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>We add a class for tcp ack packets with highest priority, so
|
|
that downloads are fast. The following 2 classes share most of the
|
|
bandwidth between the 2 hosts, if the connection is idle, they may
|
|
use full speed. As the hosts should be treated equally they have the
|
|
same priority. The last class is for the remaining traffic.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>tcrules file</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#MARK SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) CLIENT USER
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
1:P 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-request
|
|
1:P 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-reply
|
|
2:P 192.168.2.23 0.0.0.0/0 all
|
|
3:P 192.168.2.42 0.0.0.0/0 all</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>We mark icmp ping and replies so they will go into the fast
|
|
interactive class and set a mark for each host.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title id="tcstart">Using your own tc script</title>
|
|
|
|
<section id="owntcstart">
|
|
<title>Replacing builtin tcstart file</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you prefer your own tcstart file, just install it in
|
|
/etc/shorewall/tcstart.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In your tcstart script, when you want to run the <quote>tc</quote>
|
|
utility, use the run_tc function supplied by Shorewall if you want tc
|
|
errors to stop the firewall.</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Set TC_ENABLED=Yes and CLEAR_TC=Yes</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Supply an /etc/shorewall/tcstart script to configure your
|
|
traffic shaping rules.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optionally supply an /etc/shorewall/tcclear script to stop
|
|
traffic shaping. That is usually unnecessary.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If your tcstart script uses the <quote>fwmark</quote>
|
|
classifier, you can mark packets using entries in
|
|
/etc/shorewall/tcrules.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Traffic control outside Shorewall</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>To start traffic shaping when you bring up your network
|
|
interfaces, you will have to arrange for your traffic shaping
|
|
configuration script to be run at that time. How you do that is
|
|
distribution dependent and will not be covered here. You then
|
|
should:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Set TC_ENABLED=No and CLEAR_TC=No</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If your script uses the <quote>fwmark</quote> classifier, you
|
|
can mark packets using entries in /etc/shorewall/tcrules.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</article> |