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shorewall_code/docs/Anatomy.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
<article>
<!--$Id$-->
<articleinfo>
<title>Anatomy of Shorewall 4.4</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Eastep</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>2007</year>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
License</ulink></quote>.</para>
</legalnotice>
</articleinfo>
<section id="Products">
<title>Products</title>
<para>Shorewall 4.4 consists of four packages.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall</emphasis>. This package must be
installed on at least one system in your network. It contains
everything needed to create an IPv4 firewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall6</emphasis>. This package
requires the Shorewall package and adds those components needed to
create an IPv6 fireawall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-lite</emphasis>. Shorewall
allows for central administration of multiple IPv4 firewalls through
use of Shorewall lite. The full Shorewall product is installed on a
central administrative system where compiled Shorewall scripts are
generated. These scripts are copied to the firewall systems where they
run under the control of Shorewall-lite.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall6-lite</emphasis>. Shorewall
allows for central administration of multiple IPv4 firewalls through
use of Shorewall lite. The full Shorewall product is installed on a
central administrative system where compiled Shorewall scripts are
generated. These scripts are copied to the firewall systems where they
run under the control of Shorewall-lite.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall">
<title>Shorewall</title>
<para>The Shorewall package includes a large number of files which are
installed in <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>,
<filename>/etc/init.d</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/var/lib/shorewall/</filename>. These are described in
the sub-sections that follow.</para>
<section id="sbin">
<title>/sbin</title>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall</filename> shell program is used to
interact with Shorewall. See <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8).</para>
</section>
<section id="share-shorewall">
<title>/usr/share/shorewall</title>
<para>The bulk of Shorewall is installed here.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>action.template</filename> - template file for
creating <ulink url="Actions.html">actions</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>action.*</filename> - standard Shorewall
actions.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>actions.std</filename> - file listing the standard
actions.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>compiler.pl</filename> - The configuration compiler
perl program.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="directory">configfiles</filename> - A
directory containing configuration files to copy to create a <ulink
url="CompiledPrograms.html#Lite">Shorewall-lite export
directory.</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename><filename>configpath</filename></filename> - A file
containing distribution-specific path assignments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall</filename> - A shell program that handles
the <command>add</command> and <command>delete</command> commands
(see <ulink url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)). It
also handles the <command>stop</command> and
<command>clear</command> commands when there is no current compiled
firewall script on the system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">functions</filename> - A symbolic
link to <filename>lib.base</filename> that provides for
compatibility with older versions of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">init</filename> - A symbolic link to
the init script (usually
<filename>/etc/init.d/shorewall</filename>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the other shell programs.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>macro.*</filename> - The standard Shorewall <ulink
url="Macros.html">macros</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>modules</filename> - File that drives the loading of
Netfilter kernel modules. May be overridden by
<filename>/etc/shorewall/modules</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>prog.*</filename> - Shell program fragments used as
input to the compiler.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="directory">Shorewall</filename> - Directory
containing the Shorewall Perl modules used by the compiler.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>wait4ifup</filename> - A shell program that <ulink
url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">extension scripts</ulink> can
use to delay until a network interface is available.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="shorewall">
<title>/etc/shorewall</title>
<para>This is where the modifiable IPv4 configuration files are
installed.</para>
</section>
<section id="init">
<title>/etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d (depends on distribution)</title>
<para>An init script is installed here. Depending on the distribution,
it is named <filename>shorewall</filename> or
<filename>rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
</section>
<section id="var">
<title>/var/lib/shorewall</title>
<para>Shorewall doesn't install any files in this directory but rather
uses the directory for storing state information. This directory may be
relocated using <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-vardir.html">shorewall-vardir</ulink>(5).</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.iptables-restore-input</filename> - The file passed
as input to the iptables-restore program to initialize the firewall
during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modules</filename> - The contents of the modules
file used during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8) for command
information).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modulesdir</filename> - The MODULESDIR setting
(<ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)) at the
last <command>start</command> or <command>restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>nat</filename> - This unfortunately-named file
records the IP addresses added by ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes and
ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>proxyarp</filename> - Records the arp entries added
by entries in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-proxyarp.html">shorewall-proxyarp</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.refresh</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restart</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>restart</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>restore</filename> - The default shell program used
to execute <command>restore</command> commands.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restore</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh, restart</command> or
<command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>save</filename> - File created by the
<command>save</command> command and used to restore the dynamic
blacklist during <command>start/restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.start</filename> - The shell program that performed
the last successful <command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>state</filename> - Records the current firewall
state.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>zones</filename> - Records the current zone
contents.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall-perl">
<title>Shorewall6</title>
<para>Shorewall6 installs its files in a number of directories:</para>
<section id="sbin6">
<title>/sbin</title>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall6</filename> shell program is used to
interact with Shorewall6. See <ulink
url="manpages6/shorewall6.html">shorewall6</ulink>(8).</para>
</section>
<section id="share-shorewall6">
<title>/usr/share/shorewall6</title>
<para>The bulk of Shorewall6 is installed here.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>action.template</filename> - template file for
creating <ulink url="Actions.html">actions</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>action.*</filename> - standard Shorewall
actions.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>actions.std</filename> - file listing the standard
actions.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="directory">configfiles</filename> - A
directory containing configuration files to copy to create a <ulink
url="CompiledPrograms.html#Lite">Shorewall6-lite export
directory.</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename><filename>configpath</filename></filename> - A file
containing distribution-specific path assignments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall</filename> - A shell program that handles
the <command>add</command> and <command>delete</command> commands
(see <ulink url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)). It
also handles the <command>stop</command> and
<command>clear</command> commands when there is no current compiled
firewall script on the system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">functions</filename> - A symbolic
link to <filename>lib.base</filename> that provides for
compatibility with older versions of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the other shell programs.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>modules</filename> - File that drives the loading of
Netfilter kernel modules. May be overridden by
<filename>/etc/shorewall/modules</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>wait4ifup</filename> - A shell program that <ulink
url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">extension scripts</ulink> can
use to delay until a network interface is available.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="etc-shorewall6">
<title>/etc/shorewall6</title>
<para>This is where the modifiable IPv6 configuration files are
installed.</para>
</section>
<section id="var-shorewall6">
<title>/var/lib/shorewall6</title>
<para>Shorewall6 doesn't install any files in this directory but rather
uses the directory for storing state information. This directory may be
relocated using <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-vardir.html">shorewall-vardir</ulink>(5).</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.ip6tables-restore-input</filename> - The file
passed as input to the ip6tables-restore program to initialize the
firewall during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages6/shorewall6.html">shorewall6</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modules</filename> - The contents of the modules
file used during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages6/shorewall6.html">shorewall</ulink>(8) for command
information).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modulesdir</filename> - The MODULESDIR setting
(<ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)) at the
last <command>start</command> or <command>restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.refresh</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restart</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>restart</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>restore</filename> - The default shell program used
to execute <command>restore</command> commands.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restore</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh, restart</command> or
<command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>save</filename> - File created by the
<command>save</command> command and used to restore the dynamic
blacklist during <command>start/restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.start</filename> - The shell program that performed
the last successful <command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>state</filename> - Records the current firewall
state.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>zones</filename> - Records the current zone
contents.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall-lite">
<title>Shorewall-lite</title>
<para>The Shorewall-lite product includes files installed in <filename
class="directory">/sbin</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall-lite</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/etc/shorewall-lite</filename>,
<filename>/etc/init.d</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/var/lib/shorewall-lite/</filename>. These are described
in the sub-sections that follow.</para>
<section id="sbin-lite">
<title>/sbin</title>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall-lite</filename> shell program is use
to interact with Shorewall lite. See <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8).</para>
</section>
<section id="init-lite">
<title>/etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d (depends on distribution)</title>
<para>An init script is installed here. Depending on the distribution,
it is named <filename>shorewall-lite</filename> or
<filename>rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
</section>
<section id="shorewall-lite">
<title>/etc/shorewall-lite</title>
<para>This is where the modifiable configuration files are
installed.</para>
</section>
<section id="share-lite">
<title>/usr/share/shorewall-lite</title>
<para>The bulk of Shorewall-lite is installed here.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename><filename>configpath</filename></filename> - A file
containing distribution-specific path assignments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">functions</filename> - A symbolic
link to <filename>lib.base</filename> that provides for
compatibility with older versions of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the other shell programs. These are copies of the corresponding
libraries in the Shorewall product.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>modules</filename> - File that drives the loading of
Netfilter kernel modules. May be overridden by
<filename>/etc/shorewall-lite/modules</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>shorecap</filename> - A shell program used for
generating capabilities files. See the <ulink
url="CompiledPrograms.html#Lite">Shorewall-lite
documentation</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>wait4ifup</filename> - A shell program that <ulink
url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">extension scripts</ulink> can
use to delay until a network interface is available.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="var-lite">
<title>/var/lib/shorewall-lite</title>
<para>Shorewall-lite doesn't install any files in this directory but
rather uses the directory for storing state information. This directory
may be relocated using <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite-vardir.html">shorewall-lite-vardir</ulink>(5).</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall</filename> - Compiled shell script
installed by running the load or reload command on the
administrative system (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall.conf</filename> - Digest of the
shorewall.conf file used to compile the firewall script on the
administrative system.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.iptables-restore-input</filename> - The file passed
as input to the iptables-restore program to initialize the firewall
during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modules</filename> - The contents of the modules
file used during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8) for
command information).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modulesdir</filename> - The MODULESDIR setting
(<ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)) at the
last <command>start</command> or <command>restart.</command></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>nat</filename> - This unfortunately-named file
records the IP addresses added by ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes and
ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>proxyarp</filename> - Records the arp entries added
by entries in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-proxyarp.html">shorewall-proxyarp</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.refresh</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restart</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>restart</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>restore</filename> - The default shell program used
to execute <command>restore</command> commands.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restore</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh, restart</command> or
<command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>save</filename> - File created by the
<command>save</command> command and used to restore the dynamic
blacklist during <command>start/restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.start</filename> - The shell program that performed
the last successful <command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>state</filename> - Records the current firewall
state.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>zones</filename> - Records the current zone
contents.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall6-lite">
<title>Shorewall6-lite</title>
<para>The Shorewall6-lite product includes files installed in <filename
class="directory">/sbin</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall6-lite</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/etc/shorewall6-lite</filename>,
<filename>/etc/init.d</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/var/lib/shorewall6-lite/</filename>. These are
described in the sub-sections that follow.</para>
<section id="sbin-lite6">
<title>/sbin</title>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall6-lite</filename> shell program is
use to interact with Shorewall lite. See <ulink
url="manpages6/shorewall6-lite.html">shorewall6-lite</ulink>(8).</para>
</section>
<section id="init-lite6">
<title>/etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d (depends on distribution)</title>
<para>An init script is installed here. Depending on the distribution,
it is named <filename>shorewall6-lite</filename> or
<filename>rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
</section>
<section id="etc-shorewall6-lite">
<title>/etc/shorewall6-lite</title>
<para>This is where the modifiable configuration files are
installed.</para>
</section>
<section id="share-lite6">
<title>/usr/share/shorewall6-lite</title>
<para>The bulk of Shorewall-lite is installed here.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename><filename>configpath</filename></filename> - A file
containing distribution-specific path assignments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">functions</filename> - A symbolic
link to <filename>lib.base</filename> that provides for
compatibility with older versions of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the other shell programs. These are copies of the corresponding
libraries in the Shorewall product.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>modules</filename> - File that drives the loading of
Netfilter kernel modules. May be overridden by
<filename>/etc/shorewall-lite/modules</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>shorecap</filename> - A shell program used for
generating capabilities files. See the <ulink
url="CompiledPrograms.html#Lite">Shorewall-lite
documentation</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>wait4ifup</filename> - A shell program that <ulink
url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">extension scripts</ulink> can
use to delay until a network interface is available.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="var-lite6">
<title>/var/lib/shorewall6-lite</title>
<para>Shorewall6-lite doesn't install any files in this directory but
rather uses the directory for storing state information. This directory
may be relocated using <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite-vardir.html">shorewall-lite-vardir</ulink>(5).</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall</filename> - Compiled shell script
installed by running the load or reload command on the
administrative system (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall6</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall.conf</filename> - Digest of the
shorewall.conf file used to compile the firewall script on the
administrative system.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.ip6tables-restore-input</filename> - The file
passed as input to the ip6tables-restore program to initialize the
firewall during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modules</filename> - The contents of the modules
file used during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8) for
command information).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modulesdir</filename> - The MODULESDIR setting
(<ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)) at the
last <command>start</command> or <command>restart.</command></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.refresh</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restart</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>restart</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>restore</filename> - The default shell program used
to execute <command>restore</command> commands.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restore</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh, restart</command> or
<command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>save</filename> - File created by the
<command>save</command> command and used to restore the dynamic
blacklist during <command>start/restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.start</filename> - The shell program that performed
the last successful <command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>state</filename> - Records the current firewall
state.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>zones</filename> - Records the current zone
contents.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
</article>