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307 lines
9.9 KiB
XML
307 lines
9.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<article>
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<!--$Id$-->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Shorewall Init</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Tom</firstname>
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<surname>Eastep</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2010</year>
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<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
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1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
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no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
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License</ulink></quote>.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<section>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>The Shorewall init scripts released from shorewall.net and by most
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distributions start Shorewall after networking. This allows Shorewall to
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detect the network configuration and taylor itself accordingly. It is
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possible to start Shorewall prior to networking but doing so limits the
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set of Shorewall features that can be used.</para>
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<para>When Shorewall starts after networking, there is the possibility of
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unwanted connections being accepted between the time that an interface
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comes up and the time that Shorewall has finished starting up. Also,
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Shorewall has had no means of reacting when interfaces are brought up and
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down.</para>
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<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.10, a new package, <firstterm>Shorewall
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Init</firstterm>, is available. Shorewall Init serves two purposes:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>It can 'close' the firewall before the network interfaces are
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brought up during boot.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It can change the firewall state as the result of interfaces
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being brought up or taken down.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>These two features can be controlled independently. Shorewall Init
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can be used together with any combination of the other Shorewall packages.
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Shorewall-init works on RedHat-based, SuSE-based and Debian-based
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distributions.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="Close">
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<title>Closing the Firewall before the Network Interfaces are brought
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up</title>
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<para>When Shorewall-init is first installed, it does nothing until you
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configure it.</para>
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<para>The configuration file is <filename>/etc/default/shorewall-init
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</filename>on Debian-based systems and
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<filename>/etc/sysconfig/shorewall-init</filename> otherwise. There are
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two settings in the file:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>PRODUCTS</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the Shorewall packages that you want to integrate with
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Shorewall-init.</para>
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<para>Example: PRODUCTS="shorewall shorewall6"</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>IFUPDOWN</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When set to 1, enables integration with NetworkManager and the
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ifup/ifdown scripts.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>To close your firewall before networking starts:</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
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<listitem>
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<para>In the Shorewall-init configuration file, set PRODUCTS to the
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firewall products installed on your system.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Be sure that your current firewall script(s) (normally in
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<filename>/var/lib/<product>/firewall</filename>) is(are)
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compiled with the 4.4.10 compiler.</para>
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<para>Shorewall and Shorewall6 users can execute these
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commands:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>shorewall compile</member>
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<member><command>shorewall6 compile</command></member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>Shorewall-lite and Shorewall6-lite users can execute these
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commands on the administrative system:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><command>shorewall export
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<replaceable>firewall-name-or-ip-address</replaceable></command></member>
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<member><command>shorewall6 export
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<replaceable>firewall-name-or-ip-address</replaceable></command></member>
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</simplelist>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>That's all that is required.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="NM">
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<title>Integration with NetworkManager and ifup/ifdown Scripts</title>
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<para>To integrate with NetworkManager and ifup/ifdown, additional steps
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are required. You probably don't want to enable this feature if you run a
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link status monitor like swping or LSM.</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
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<listitem>
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<para>In the Shorewall-init configuration file, set IFUPDOWN=1.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>In your Shorewall interfaces file(s), set the
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<option>required</option> option on any interfaces that must be up in
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order for the firewall to start. At least one interface must have the
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<option>required</option> or <option>optional</option> option if you
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perform the next optional step.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Optional) -- If you have specified at least one
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<option>required</option> or <option>optional</option> interface, you
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can then disable automatic firewall startup at boot time. On Debian
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systems, set startup=0 in
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<filename>/etc/default/<replaceable>product</replaceable></filename>.
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On other systems, use your service startup configuration tool
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(chkconfig, insserv, ...) to disable startup.</para>
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<warning>
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<para>If your system uses Upstart as it's system initialization
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daemon, you should not disable startup. Upstart is standard on
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recent Ubuntu and Fedora releases and is optional on Debian.</para>
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</warning>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>The following actions occur when an interface comes up:</para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">FIREWALL STATE</emphasis></entry>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">INTERFACE</emphasis></entry>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Any</entry>
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<entry>Required</entry>
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<entry>start</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>stopped</entry>
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<entry>Optional</entry>
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<entry>start</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>started</entry>
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<entry>Optional</entry>
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<entry>enable</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>started</entry>
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<entry>Any</entry>
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<entry>restart</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>The following actions occur when an interface goes down:</para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">FIREWALL STATE</emphasis></entry>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">INTERFACE</emphasis></entry>
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<entry><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Any</entry>
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<entry>Required</entry>
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<entry>stop</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>stopped</entry>
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<entry>Optional</entry>
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<entry>start</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>started</entry>
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<entry>Optional</entry>
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<entry>disable</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>started</entry>
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<entry>Any</entry>
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<entry>restart</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>For optional interfaces, the
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<filename>/var/lib/<replaceable>product</replaceable>/<replaceable>interface</replaceable>.state</filename>
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files are maintained to reflect the state of the interface so that they
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may be used by the standard <firstterm>isusable</firstterm> script. Please
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note that the action is carried out using the current compiled script; the
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configuration is not recompiled.</para>
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<para>A new option has been added to <filename>shorewall.conf</filename>
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and <filename>shorewall6.conf</filename>. The REQUIRE_INTERFACE option
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determines the outcome when an attempt to start/restart/restore/refresh
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the firewall is made and none of the optional interfaces are available.
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With REQUIRE_INTERFACE=No (the default), the operation is performed. If
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REQUIRE_INTERFACE=Yes, then the operation fails and the firewall is placed
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in the stopped state. This option is suitable for a laptop with both
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ethernet and wireless interfaces. If either come up, the firewall starts.
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If neither comes up, the firewall remains in the stopped state.</para>
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<para>Similarly, if an optional interface goes down and there are no
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optional interfaces remaining in the up state, then the firewall is
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stopped.</para>
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<para>On Debian-based systems, during system shutdown the firewall is
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opened prior to network shutdown (<command>/etc/init.d/shorewall
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stop</command> performs a 'clear' operation rather than a 'stop'). This is
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required by Debian standards. You can change this default behavior by
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setting SAFESTOP=1 in <filename>/etc/default/shorewall</filename>
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(<filename>/etc/default/shorewall6</filename>, ...).</para>
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</section>
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</article>
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