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shorewall_code/Shorewall-docs/traffic_shaping.htm
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Traffic Shaping</title>
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="boldstri 011, default">
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<body>
<h1 align="center">Traffic Shaping/Control</h1>
<p align="left">Beginning with version 1.2.0, Shorewall has limited support for traffic
shaping/control. In order to use traffic shaping under Shorewall, it is
essential that you get a copy of the <a href="http://ds9a.nl/lartc">Linux Advanced Routing
and Shaping HOWTO</a>, version 0.3.0 or later. You must also install
the iproute (iproute2) package to provide the &quot;ip&quot; and &quot;tc&quot;
utilities.</p>
<p align="left">Shorewall traffic shaping support consists of the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>A new TC_ENABLED parameter in /etc/shorewall.conf. Traffic
Shaping also requires that you enable packet mangling.<br>
</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/tcrules - A file where you can specify
firewall marking of packets. The firewall mark value may be used to classify
packets for traffic shaping/control.<br>
</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/tcstart - A user-supplied file that is
sourced by Shorewall during &quot;shorewall start&quot; and which you can
use to define your traffic shaping disciplines and classes. I have provided
a <a href="ftp://ftp.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/cbq">sample</a> that does
table-driven CBQ shaping but if you read the traffic shaping sections of the
HOWTO mentioned above, you can probably code your own faster than you can
learn how to use my sample. I personally use <a href="http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/">HTB</a>
(see below). HTB
support may eventually become an integral part of Shorewall since HTB is a
lot simpler and better-documented than CBQ. HTB is currently not a standard
part of either the kernel or iproute2 so both must be patched in order to
use it.<br>
<br>
In tcstart, when you want to run the 'tc' utility, use the run_tc function
supplied by shorewall. <br>
</li>
<li>/etc/shorewall/tcclear - A user-supplied file that is
sourced by Shorewall when it is clearing traffic shaping. This file is
normally not required as Shorewall's method of clearing qdisc and filter
definitions is pretty general.</li>
</ul>
<h3 align="left"><a name="tcrules"></a>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</h3>
<p align="left">The fwmark classifier provides a convenient way to classify
packets for traffic shaping. The /etc/shorewall/tcrules file provides a means
for specifying these marks in a tabular fashion.</p>
<p align="left">Columns in the file are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>MARK - Specifies the mark value is to be assigned in case of
a match. This is an integer in the range 1-255.<br>
<br>
Example - 5<br>
</li>
<li>SOURCE - The source of the packet. If the packet originates
on the firewall, place &quot;fw&quot; in this column. Otherwise, this is a
comma-separated list of interface names, IP addresses, MAC addresses in
<a href="Documentation.htm#MAC">Shorewall Format</a> and/or Subnets.<br>
<br>
Examples<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eth0<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 192.168.2.4,192.168.1.0/24<br>
</li>
<li>DEST -- Destination of the packet. Comma-separated list of
IP addresses and/or subnets.<br>
</li>
<li>PROTO - Protocol - Must be the name of a protocol from
/etc/protocol, a number or &quot;all&quot;<br>
</li>
<li>PORT(S) - Destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
names (from /etc/services), port numbers or port ranges (e.g., 21:22); if
the protocol is &quot;icmp&quot;, this column is interpreted as the
destination icmp type(s).<br>
</li>
<li>CLIENT PORT(S) - (Optional) Port(s) used by the client. If
omitted, any source port is acceptable. Specified as a comma-separate list
of port names, port numbers or port ranges.</li>
</ul>
<p align="left">Example 1 - All packets arriving on eth1 should be marked with
1. All packets arriving on eth2 should be marked with 2. All packets originating
on the firewall itself should be marked with 3.</p>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
<td><b>MARK</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b>PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>CLIENT PORT(S)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>eth1</td>
<td>0.0.0.0/0</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>eth2</td>
<td>0.0.0.0/0</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>0.0.0.0/0</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="left">Example 2 - All GRE (protocol 47) packets not originating on the
firewall and destined for 155.186.235.151 should be marked with 12.</p>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
<td><b>MARK</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b>PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>CLIENT PORT(S)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12</td>
<td>0.0.0.0/0</td>
<td>155.186.235.151</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="left">Example 3 - All SSH packets originating in 192.168.1.0/24 and
destined for 155.186.235.151 should be marked with 22.</p>
<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
<td><b>MARK</b></td>
<td><b>SOURCE</b></td>
<td><b>DEST</b></td>
<td><b>PROTO</b></td>
<td><b>PORT(S)</b></td>
<td><b>CLIENT PORT(S)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>22</td>
<td>192.168.1.0/24</td>
<td>155.186.235.151</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Hierarchical Token Bucket</h3>
<p>I personally use HTB. I have found a couple of things that may be of
use to others.</p>
<ul>
<li>The gzipped tc binary at the <a href="http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/">HTB
website</a> didn't work for me -- I had to download the lastest version of
the <a href="ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing">iproute2 sources</a> and patch
them for HTB.</li>
<li>The HTB example in the HOWTO seems to be full of errors. I'm currently
running with this set of shaping rules in my tcstart file so I know that it works.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><font face="Courier" size="2">run_tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: htb default 30<br>
<br>
run_tc class add dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 10mbit burst 15k<br>
<br>
run_tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate 150kbit ceil 10mbit burst 15k<br>
run_tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:20 htb rate 234kbit ceil 10mbit burst 15k<br>
run_tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:30 htb rate 1kbit ceil&nbsp;&nbsp;
10mbit burst 15k<br>
<br>
run_tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:10 sfq perturb 10<br>
run_tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:20 sfq perturb 10<br>
run_tc qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:30 sfq perturb 10<br>
<br>
run_tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 handle 1 fw classid 1:10<br>
run_tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 handle 2 fw classid 1:20<br>
run_tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 handle 3 fw classid 1:30
</font></p>
<p>My tcrules file is shown in Example 1 above. You can look at my <a href="myfiles.htm">network
configuration</a> to get an idea of why I want these particular rules.<font face="Courier" size="2"><br>
</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p><font size="2">Last Updated 6/18/2002 - <a href="support.htm">Tom
Eastep</a></font></p>
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
<EFBFBD> <font size="2">2001, 2002 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font></p>
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