mirror of
https://gitlab.com/shorewall/code.git
synced 2024-12-04 21:41:15 +01:00
ed29505f67
Signed-off-by: Tom Eastep <teastep@shorewall.net>
823 lines
28 KiB
XML
823 lines
28 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<article>
|
|
<!--$Id$-->
|
|
|
|
<articleinfo>
|
|
<title>Shorewall and OpenVZ</title>
|
|
|
|
<authorgroup>
|
|
<author>
|
|
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
|
|
|
|
<surname>Eastep</surname>
|
|
</author>
|
|
</authorgroup>
|
|
|
|
<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
|
|
|
|
<copyright>
|
|
<year>2009</year>
|
|
|
|
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
|
|
</copyright>
|
|
|
|
<legalnotice>
|
|
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
|
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
|
|
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
|
|
no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
|
|
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
|
|
<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
|
|
License</ulink></quote>.</para>
|
|
</legalnotice>
|
|
</articleinfo>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Introduction</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink url="http://wiki.openvz.org/">Open Virtuoso (OpenVZ)</ulink>
|
|
is an open source kernel-based virtualization solution from
|
|
<trademark><ulink
|
|
url="http://www.parallels.com">Parallels</ulink></trademark> (formerly
|
|
<trademark>SWSoft</trademark>). Virtual servers take the form of
|
|
<firstterm>containers</firstterm> (the OpenVZ documentation calls these
|
|
<firstterm>Virtual Environments</firstterm> or <firstterm>VEs</firstterm>)
|
|
which are created via <firstterm>templates</firstterm>. Templates are
|
|
available for a wide variety of distributions and architectures.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>OpenVZ requires a patched kernel. Beginning with Lenny,
|
|
<trademark>Debian</trademark> supplies OpenVZ kernels through the standard
|
|
stable repository.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall on an OpenVZ Host</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>As with any Shorewall installation involving other software, we
|
|
suggest that you first install OpenVZ and get it working before attempting
|
|
to add Shorewall. Alternatively, execute <command>shorewall
|
|
clear</command> while <ulink
|
|
url="http://wiki.openvz.org/Installation_on_Debian">installing and
|
|
configuring OpenVZ</ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Networking</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The default OpenVZ networking configuration uses Proxy ARP. You
|
|
assign containers IP addresses in the IP network from one of your
|
|
interfaces and you are expected to set the proxy_arp flag on that
|
|
interface
|
|
(<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<replaceable>interface</replaceable>/proxy_arp</filename>).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>OpenVZ creates a point-to-point virtual interface in the host with
|
|
a rather odd configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example (Single VE with IP address 206.124.146.178):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>gateway:~# <command>ip addr ls dev venet0</command>
|
|
10: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
|
|
link/void
|
|
gateway:~# <command>ip route ls dev venet0</command>
|
|
206.124.146.178 scope link
|
|
gateway:~# </programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The interface has no IP configuration yet it has a route to
|
|
206.124.146.178!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>From within the VE with IP address 206.124.146.178, we have the
|
|
following:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>server:~ # <command>ip addr ls</command>
|
|
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
|
|
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
|
|
inet 127.0.0.1/8 brd 127.255.255.255 scope host lo
|
|
inet 127.0.0.2/8 brd 127.255.255.255 scope host secondary lo
|
|
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
|
|
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
|
2: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
|
|
link/void
|
|
inet 127.0.0.1/32 scope host venet0
|
|
inet 206.124.146.178/32 scope global venet0:0
|
|
server:~ # <command>ip route ls</command>
|
|
192.0.2.0/24 dev venet0 scope link
|
|
127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope link
|
|
default via 192.0.2.1 dev venet0
|
|
server:~ # </programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are a couple of unique features of this
|
|
configuration:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>127.0.0.1/32 is configured on venet0 although the main routing
|
|
table routes loopback traffic through the <filename
|
|
class="devicefile">lo</filename> interface as normal.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>There is a route to 192.0.2.0/24 through venet0 even though
|
|
the interface has no IP address in that network. Note: 192.0.2.0/24
|
|
is reserved for use in documentation and for testing.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The default route is via 192.0.2.1 yet there is no interface
|
|
on the host with that IP address.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>All of this doesn't really affect the Shorewall configuration but
|
|
it is interesting none the less.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>We recommend handling the strange OpenVZ configuration in
|
|
Shorewall as follows:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>###############################################################################
|
|
#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTION OUT_OPTIONS
|
|
net ipv4
|
|
vz ipv4</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>###############################################################################
|
|
#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
|
|
net eth0 proxyarp=1
|
|
vz venet0 <emphasis role="bold">routeback,arp_filter=0</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Multi-ISP</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you run Shorewall Multi-ISP support on the host, you should
|
|
arrange for traffic to your containers to use the main routing table. In
|
|
the configuration shown here, this entry in /etc/shorewall/rtrules is
|
|
appropriate:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#SOURCE DEST PROVIDER PRIORITY
|
|
- 206.124.146.178 main 1000</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>RFC 1918 Addresses in a Container</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can assign an RFC 1918 address to a VE and use masquerade/SNAT
|
|
to provide Internet access to the container. This is just a normal
|
|
simple Shorewall configuration as shown in the <ulink
|
|
url="two-interface.htm">Two-interface Quick Start Guide</ulink>. In this
|
|
configuration the firewall's internal interface is <filename
|
|
class="devicefile">venet0</filename>. Be sure to include the options
|
|
shown above.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall in an OpenVZ Virtual Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you have obtained an OpenVZ VE from a hosting service provider,
|
|
you may find it difficult to configure any type of firewall within your
|
|
VE. There are two VE parameters that control iptables behavior within the
|
|
container:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--iptables <replaceable>name </replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Restrict access to iptables modules inside a container (The
|
|
OpenVZ claims that by default all iptables modules that are loaded
|
|
in the host system are accessible inside a container; I haven't
|
|
tried that).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can use the following values for
|
|
<replaceable>name</replaceable>: <option>iptable_filter</option>,
|
|
<option>iptable_mangle</option>, <option>ipt_limit</option>,
|
|
<option>ipt_multiport</option>, <option>ipt_tos</option>,
|
|
<option>ipt_TOS</option>, <option>ipt_REJECT</option>,
|
|
<option>ipt_TCPMSS</option>, <option>ipt_tcpmss</option>,
|
|
<option>ipt_ttl</option>, <option>ipt_LOG</option>,
|
|
<option>ipt_length</option>, <option>ip_conntrack</option>,
|
|
<option>ip_conntrack_ftp</option>,
|
|
<option>ip_conntrack_irc</option>, <option>ipt_conntrack</option>,
|
|
<option>ipt_state</option>, <option>ipt_helper</option>,
|
|
<option>iptable_nat</option>, <option>ip_nat_ftp</option>,
|
|
<option>ip_nat_irc</option>, <option>ipt_REDIRECT</option>,
|
|
<option>xt_mac</option>, <option>ipt_owner</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If your provider is using this option, you may be in deep
|
|
trouble trying to use Shorewall in your container. Look at the
|
|
output of <command>shorewall show capabilities</command> and weep.
|
|
Then try to get your provider to remove this restriction on your
|
|
container.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--numiptent <replaceable>num</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This parameter limits the number of iptables rules that are
|
|
allowed within the container. The default is 100 which is too small
|
|
for a Shorewall configuration. We recommend setting this to at least
|
|
200.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>if you see annoying error messages as shown below during
|
|
start/restart, remove the module-init-tools package from the VE.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>server:/etc/shorewall # shorewall restart
|
|
Compiling...
|
|
Compiling /etc/shorewall/zones...
|
|
Compiling /etc/shorewall/interfaces...
|
|
Determining Hosts in Zones...
|
|
Preprocessing Action Files...
|
|
Pre-processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Drop...
|
|
Pre-processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Reject...
|
|
Compiling /etc/shorewall/policy...
|
|
Adding Anti-smurf Rules
|
|
Adding rules for DHCP
|
|
Compiling TCP Flags filtering...
|
|
Compiling Kernel Route Filtering...
|
|
Compiling Martian Logging...
|
|
Compiling MAC Filtration -- Phase 1...
|
|
Compiling /etc/shorewall/rules...
|
|
Generating Transitive Closure of Used-action List...
|
|
Processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Reject for chain Reject...
|
|
Processing /usr/share/shorewall/action.Drop for chain Drop...
|
|
Compiling MAC Filtration -- Phase 2...
|
|
Applying Policies...
|
|
Generating Rule Matrix...
|
|
Creating iptables-restore input...
|
|
Compiling iptables-restore input for chain mangle:...
|
|
Compiling /etc/shorewall/routestopped...
|
|
Shorewall configuration compiled to /var/lib/shorewall/.restart
|
|
Restarting Shorewall....
|
|
Initializing...
|
|
Processing /etc/shorewall/init ...
|
|
Processing /etc/shorewall/tcclear ...
|
|
Setting up Route Filtering...
|
|
Setting up Martian Logging...
|
|
Setting up Proxy ARP...
|
|
Setting up Traffic Control...
|
|
Preparing iptables-restore input...
|
|
Running /usr/sbin/iptables-restore...
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory
|
|
FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory
|
|
FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory
|
|
FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.26-2-openvz-amd64/modules.dep: No such file or directory</emphasis>
|
|
IPv4 Forwarding Enabled
|
|
Processing /etc/shorewall/start ...
|
|
Processing /etc/shorewall/started ...
|
|
done.
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Working Example</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This section presents a working example. This is the configuration
|
|
at shorewall.net during the summer of 2009.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The network diagram is shown below.</para>
|
|
|
|
<graphic fileref="images/Network2009c.png"/>
|
|
|
|
<para>The two systems shown in the green box are OpenVZ Virtual
|
|
Environments (containers).</para>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>OpenVZ Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>In the files below, items in <emphasis role="bold">bold
|
|
font</emphasis> are relevant to the networking/Shorewall
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf</filename> (long lines folded for
|
|
clarity).</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>## Global parameters
|
|
VIRTUOZZO=yes
|
|
LOCKDIR=/var/lib/vz/lock
|
|
DUMPDIR=/var/lib/vz/dump
|
|
VE0CPUUNITS=1000
|
|
|
|
## Logging parameters
|
|
LOGGING=yes
|
|
LOGFILE=/var/log/vzctl.log
|
|
LOG_LEVEL=0
|
|
VERBOSE=0
|
|
|
|
## Disk quota parameters
|
|
DISK_QUOTA=no
|
|
VZFASTBOOT=no
|
|
|
|
# The name of the device whose ip address will be used as source ip for VE.
|
|
# By default automatically assigned.
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">VE_ROUTE_SRC_DEV="eth3"</emphasis>
|
|
|
|
# Controls which interfaces to send ARP requests and modify APR tables on.
|
|
NEIGHBOUR_DEVS=detect
|
|
|
|
## Template parameters
|
|
TEMPLATE=/var/lib/vz/template
|
|
|
|
## Defaults for VEs
|
|
VE_ROOT=/home/vz/root/$VEID
|
|
VE_PRIVATE=/home/vz/private/$VEID
|
|
CONFIGFILE="vps.basic"
|
|
#DEF_OSTEMPLATE="fedora-core-4"
|
|
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian"
|
|
|
|
## Load vzwdog module
|
|
VZWDOG="no"
|
|
|
|
## IPv4 iptables kernel modules
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">IPTABLES="iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_limit ipt_multiport ipt_tos
|
|
ipt_TOS ipt_REJECT ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_LOG ipt_length
|
|
ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_conntrack
|
|
ipt_state ipt_helper iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_REDIRECT
|
|
xt_mac ipt_owner"
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
## Enable IPv6
|
|
IPV6="no"</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf/101.conf</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>ONBOOT="yes"
|
|
|
|
# UBC parameters (in form of barrier:limit)
|
|
KMEMSIZE="574890800:589781600"
|
|
LOCKEDPAGES="256:256"
|
|
PRIVVMPAGES="1073741824:2137483648"
|
|
SHMPAGES="21504:21504"
|
|
NUMPROC="240:240"
|
|
PHYSPAGES="0:9223372036854775807"
|
|
VMGUARPAGES="262144:9223372036854775807"
|
|
OOMGUARPAGES="26112:9223372036854775807"
|
|
NUMTCPSOCK="360:360"
|
|
NUMFLOCK="188:206"
|
|
NUMPTY="16:16"
|
|
NUMSIGINFO="256:256"
|
|
TCPSNDBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
TCPRCVBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
OTHERSOCKBUF="1126080:2097152"
|
|
DGRAMRCVBUF="262144:262144"
|
|
NUMOTHERSOCK="360:360"
|
|
DCACHESIZE="3409920:3624960"
|
|
NUMFILE="9312:9312"
|
|
AVNUMPROC="180:180"
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">NUMIPTENT="200:200"</emphasis>
|
|
|
|
# Disk quota parameters (in form of softlimit:hardlimit)
|
|
DISKSPACE="1048576:1153024"
|
|
DISKINODES="200000:220000"
|
|
QUOTATIME="0"
|
|
|
|
# CPU fair sheduler parameter
|
|
CPUUNITS="1000"
|
|
|
|
VE_ROOT="/home/vz/root/$VEID"
|
|
VE_PRIVATE="/home/vz/private/$VEID"
|
|
OSTEMPLATE="suse-11.1-x86_64"
|
|
ORIGIN_SAMPLE="vps.basic"
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">HOSTNAME="lists.shorewall.net"
|
|
IP_ADDRESS="206.124.146.177"
|
|
NAMESERVER="127.0.0.1"
|
|
NAME="lists"
|
|
SEARCHDOMAIN="shorewall.net"</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This VE is the main server at shorewall.net. Note that some of the
|
|
memory parameters are set ridiculously large -- I got tired of
|
|
out-of-memory issues.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf/102.conf</filename> (nearly default
|
|
configuration on Debian):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>ONBOOT="yes"
|
|
|
|
# UBC parameters (in form of barrier:limit)
|
|
KMEMSIZE="14372700:14790164"
|
|
LOCKEDPAGES="256:256"
|
|
PRIVVMPAGES="65536:69632"
|
|
SHMPAGES="21504:21504"
|
|
NUMPROC="240:240"
|
|
PHYSPAGES="0:9223372036854775807"
|
|
VMGUARPAGES="33792:9223372036854775807"
|
|
OOMGUARPAGES="26112:9223372036854775807"
|
|
NUMTCPSOCK="360:360"
|
|
NUMFLOCK="188:206"
|
|
NUMPTY="16:16"
|
|
NUMSIGINFO="256:256"
|
|
TCPSNDBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
TCPRCVBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
OTHERSOCKBUF="1126080:2097152"
|
|
DGRAMRCVBUF="262144:262144"
|
|
NUMOTHERSOCK="360:360"
|
|
DCACHESIZE="3409920:3624960"
|
|
NUMFILE="9312:9312"
|
|
AVNUMPROC="180:180"
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">NUMIPTENT="200:200"</emphasis>
|
|
|
|
# Disk quota parameters (in form of softlimit:hardlimit)
|
|
DISKSPACE="1048576:1153024"
|
|
DISKINODES="200000:220000"
|
|
QUOTATIME="0"
|
|
|
|
# CPU fair sheduler parameter
|
|
CPUUNITS="1000"
|
|
|
|
VE_ROOT="/home/vz/root/$VEID"
|
|
VE_PRIVATE="/home/vz/private/$VEID"
|
|
OSTEMPLATE="debian-5.0-amd64-minimal"
|
|
ORIGIN_SAMPLE="vps.basic"
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">HOSTNAME="server.shorewall.net"
|
|
IP_ADDRESS="206.124.146.178"
|
|
NAMESERVER="206.124.146.177"
|
|
NAME="server"</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>I really don't use this server for anything currently but I'm
|
|
planning to eventually splt the services between the two VEs.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall Configuration on the Host</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Below are excerpts from the configuration files as they pertain to
|
|
the OpenVZ environment.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTIONS OUT_OPTIONS
|
|
fw firewall
|
|
net ipv4 #Internet
|
|
loc ipv4 #Local wired Zone
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">dmz ipv4 #DMZ</emphasis>
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/params</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>NET_IF=eth3
|
|
INT_IF=eth1
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">VPS_IF=venet0</emphasis>
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
|
|
net $NET_IF dhcp,blacklist,tcpflags,optional,routefilter=0,nosmurfs,logmartions=0,<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">proxyarp=1</emphasis>
|
|
loc $INT_IF dhcp,logmartians=1,routefilter=1,nets=(172.20.1.0/24),tcpflags
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">dmz $VPS_IF logmartians=0,routefilter=0,nets=(206.124.146.177,206.124.146.178),routeback</emphasis>
|
|
...</programlisting>This is a multi-ISP configuration so entries are required
|
|
in <filename>/etc/shorewall/rtrules</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#SOURCE DEST PROVIDER PRIORITY
|
|
- 172.20.0.0/24 main 1000
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">- 206.124.146.177 main 1001
|
|
- 206.124.146.178 main 1001</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall Configuration on Server</title>
|
|
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>If you are running Debian Squeeze, Shorewall will not work in an
|
|
OpenVZ container. This is a Debian OpenVZ issue and not a Shorewall
|
|
issue.</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
|
|
<para>I have set up Shorewall on Server (206.124.146.178) just to have
|
|
an environment to test with. It is a quite vanilla one-interface
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall/zones:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTIONS OUT_OPTIONS
|
|
fw firewall
|
|
net ipv4</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall/interfaces:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
|
|
net <emphasis role="bold">venet0 </emphasis> detect dhcp,tcpflags,logmartians,nosmurfs</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Working Example Using a Bridge</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is the configuration at shorewall.net during the spring of
|
|
2010. Rather than using the venet0 configuration shown above, this
|
|
configuration uses a bridge in preparation for adding IPv6 support in the
|
|
DMZ. The eth0 interface in each of the containers is statically configured
|
|
using the distributions' configuration tools
|
|
(<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> on Debian and Yast on
|
|
OpenSuSE).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The network diagram is shown below.</para>
|
|
|
|
<graphic fileref="images/Network2010.png"/>
|
|
|
|
<para>The two systems shown in the green box are OpenVZ Virtual
|
|
Environments (containers).</para>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Bridge Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following stanza in /etc/network/interfaces on the host
|
|
configures the bridge.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>auto vzbr0
|
|
iface vzbr0 inet static
|
|
pre-up /usr/sbin/brctl addbr vzbr0
|
|
address 206.124.146.176
|
|
network 206.124.146.176
|
|
broadcast 206.124.146.176
|
|
netmask 255.255.255.255
|
|
post-down /usr/sbin/brctl delbr br0
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>OpenVZ Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>In the files below, items in <emphasis role="bold">bold
|
|
font</emphasis> show the changes from the preceeding example.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf</filename> (long lines folded for
|
|
clarity).</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>## Global parameters
|
|
VIRTUOZZO=yes
|
|
LOCKDIR=/var/lib/vz/lock
|
|
DUMPDIR=/var/lib/vz/dump
|
|
VE0CPUUNITS=1000
|
|
|
|
## Logging parameters
|
|
LOGGING=yes
|
|
LOGFILE=/var/log/vzctl.log
|
|
LOG_LEVEL=0
|
|
VERBOSE=0
|
|
|
|
## Disk quota parameters
|
|
DISK_QUOTA=no
|
|
VZFASTBOOT=no
|
|
|
|
# The name of the device whose ip address will be used as source ip for VE.
|
|
# By default automatically assigned.
|
|
VE_ROUTE_SRC_DEV="eth3"
|
|
|
|
# Controls which interfaces to send ARP requests and modify APR tables on.
|
|
NEIGHBOUR_DEVS=detect
|
|
|
|
## Template parameters
|
|
TEMPLATE=/var/lib/vz/template
|
|
|
|
## Defaults for VEs
|
|
VE_ROOT=/home/vz/root/$VEID
|
|
VE_PRIVATE=/home/vz/private/$VEID
|
|
CONFIGFILE="vps.basic"
|
|
#DEF_OSTEMPLATE="fedora-core-4"
|
|
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian"
|
|
|
|
## Load vzwdog module
|
|
VZWDOG="no"
|
|
|
|
## IPv4 iptables kernel modules
|
|
IPTABLES="iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_limit ipt_multiport ipt_tos
|
|
ipt_TOS ipt_REJECT ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_LOG ipt_length
|
|
ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_conntrack
|
|
ipt_state ipt_helper iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_REDIRECT
|
|
xt_mac ipt_owner"
|
|
|
|
## Enable IPv6
|
|
IPV6="no"</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf/101.conf</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>ONBOOT="yes"
|
|
|
|
# UBC parameters (in form of barrier:limit)
|
|
KMEMSIZE="574890800:589781600"
|
|
LOCKEDPAGES="256:256"
|
|
PRIVVMPAGES="1073741824:2137483648"
|
|
SHMPAGES="21504:21504"
|
|
NUMPROC="240:240"
|
|
PHYSPAGES="0:9223372036854775807"
|
|
VMGUARPAGES="262144:9223372036854775807"
|
|
OOMGUARPAGES="26112:9223372036854775807"
|
|
NUMTCPSOCK="360:360"
|
|
NUMFLOCK="188:206"
|
|
NUMPTY="16:16"
|
|
NUMSIGINFO="256:256"
|
|
TCPSNDBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
TCPRCVBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
OTHERSOCKBUF="1126080:2097152"
|
|
DGRAMRCVBUF="262144:262144"
|
|
NUMOTHERSOCK="360:360"
|
|
DCACHESIZE="3409920:3624960"
|
|
NUMFILE="9312:9312"
|
|
AVNUMPROC="180:180"
|
|
NUMIPTENT="200:200"
|
|
|
|
# Disk quota parameters (in form of softlimit:hardlimit)
|
|
DISKSPACE="1048576:1153024"
|
|
DISKINODES="200000:220000"
|
|
QUOTATIME="0"
|
|
|
|
# CPU fair sheduler parameter
|
|
CPUUNITS="1000"
|
|
|
|
VE_ROOT="/home/vz/root/$VEID"
|
|
VE_PRIVATE="/home/vz/private/$VEID"
|
|
OSTEMPLATE="suse-11.1-x86_64"
|
|
ORIGIN_SAMPLE="vps.basic"
|
|
HOSTNAME="lists.shorewall.net"
|
|
NAMESERVER="127.0.0.1"
|
|
NAME="lists"
|
|
SEARCHDOMAIN="shorewall.net"
|
|
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">NETIF="ifname=eth0,mac=00:18:51:22:24:81,host_ifname=veth101.0,host_mac=00:18:51:B6:1A:F1"</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This VE is the mail server at shorewall.net (MX and IMAP). Note
|
|
that some of the memory parameters are set ridiculously large -- I got
|
|
tired of out-of-memory issues.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf/102.conf</filename> (nearly default
|
|
configuration on Debian):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>ONBOOT="yes"
|
|
|
|
# UBC parameters (in form of barrier:limit)
|
|
KMEMSIZE="14372700:14790164"
|
|
LOCKEDPAGES="256:256"
|
|
PRIVVMPAGES="65536:69632"
|
|
SHMPAGES="21504:21504"
|
|
NUMPROC="240:240"
|
|
PHYSPAGES="0:9223372036854775807"
|
|
VMGUARPAGES="33792:9223372036854775807"
|
|
OOMGUARPAGES="26112:9223372036854775807"
|
|
NUMTCPSOCK="360:360"
|
|
NUMFLOCK="188:206"
|
|
NUMPTY="16:16"
|
|
NUMSIGINFO="256:256"
|
|
TCPSNDBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
TCPRCVBUF="1720320:2703360"
|
|
OTHERSOCKBUF="1126080:2097152"
|
|
DGRAMRCVBUF="262144:262144"
|
|
NUMOTHERSOCK="360:360"
|
|
DCACHESIZE="3409920:3624960"
|
|
NUMFILE="9312:9312"
|
|
AVNUMPROC="180:180"
|
|
NUMIPTENT="200:200"
|
|
|
|
# Disk quota parameters (in form of softlimit:hardlimit)
|
|
DISKSPACE="1048576:1153024"
|
|
DISKINODES="200000:220000"
|
|
QUOTATIME="0"
|
|
|
|
# CPU fair sheduler parameter
|
|
CPUUNITS="1000"
|
|
|
|
VE_ROOT="/home/vz/root/$VEID"
|
|
VE_PRIVATE="/home/vz/private/$VEID"
|
|
OSTEMPLATE="debian-5.0-amd64-minimal"
|
|
ORIGIN_SAMPLE="vps.basic"
|
|
HOSTNAME="server.shorewall.net"
|
|
NAMESERVER="206.124.146.177"
|
|
NAME="server"
|
|
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">NETIF="ifname=eth0,mac=00:18:51:22:24:80,host_ifname=veth102.0,host_mac=00:18:51:B6:1A:F0"</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This server runs the rest of the services for shorewall.net (web
|
|
server, ftp server, rsyncd, etc.).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>With a bridged configuration, the VIF for a VE must be added to
|
|
the bridge when the VE starts. That is accomplished using
|
|
<firstterm>mount</firstterm> files.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf/101.mount:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting><emphasis role="bold">#!/bin/bash
|
|
# This script source VPS configuration files in the same order as vzctl does
|
|
|
|
# if one of these files does not exist then something is really broken
|
|
[ -f /etc/vz/vz.conf ] || exit 1
|
|
[ -f $VE_CONFFILE ] || exit 1
|
|
|
|
# source both files. Note the order, it is important
|
|
. /etc/vz/vz.conf
|
|
. $VE_CONFFILE
|
|
|
|
# Add the VIF to the bridge after VE has started
|
|
{
|
|
BRIDGE=vzbr0
|
|
DEV=veth101.0
|
|
while sleep 1; do
|
|
/sbin/ifconfig $DEV 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
|
|
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
|
|
/usr/sbin/brctl addif $BRIDGE $DEV
|
|
break
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
} &</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/vz/conf/102.mount:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting><emphasis role="bold">#!/bin/bash
|
|
# This script source VPS configuration files in the same order as vzctl does
|
|
|
|
# if one of these files does not exist then something is really broken
|
|
[ -f /etc/vz/vz.conf ] || exit 1
|
|
[ -f $VE_CONFFILE ] || exit 1
|
|
|
|
# source both files. Note the order, it is important
|
|
. /etc/vz/vz.conf
|
|
. $VE_CONFFILE
|
|
|
|
# Add VIF to bridge after VE has started
|
|
{
|
|
BRIDGE=vzbr0
|
|
DEV=veth102.0
|
|
while sleep 1; do
|
|
/sbin/ifconfig $DEV 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
|
|
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
|
|
/usr/sbin/brctl addif $BRIDGE $DEV
|
|
break
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
} &</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall Configuration on the Host</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Below are excerpts from the configuration files as they pertain to
|
|
the OpenVZ environment. Again, bold font indicates change from the prior
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones</filename>:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTIONS OUT_OPTIONS
|
|
fw firewall
|
|
net ipv4 #Internet
|
|
loc ipv4 #Local wired Zone
|
|
dmz ipv4 #DMZ
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename><filename>/etc/shorewall/params</filename>:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>NET_IF=eth3
|
|
INT_IF=eth1
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">VPS_IF=vzbr0</emphasis>
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces</filename>:<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
|
|
net $NET_IF dhcp,blacklist,tcpflags,optional,routefilter=0,nosmurfs,logmartions=0
|
|
loc $INT_IF dhcp,logmartians=1,routefilter=1,nets=(172.20.1.0/24),tcpflags
|
|
dmz $VPS_IF logmartians=0,routefilter=0,nets=(206.124.146.177,206.124.146.178),routeback
|
|
...</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/proxyarp:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ADDRESS INTERFACE EXTERNAL HAVEROUTE PERSISTENT
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">206.124.146.177 DMZ_IF eth2 no yes
|
|
206.124.146.178 DMZ_IF eth2 no yes</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is a multi-ISP configuration so entries are required in
|
|
<filename>/etc/shorewall/rtrules</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#SOURCE DEST PROVIDER PRIORITY
|
|
- 172.20.0.0/24 main 1000
|
|
- 206.124.146.177 main 1001
|
|
- 206.124.146.178 main 1001</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Shorewall Configuration on Server</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>I have set up Shorewall on VE 101 (206.124.146.178) just to have
|
|
an environment to test with. It is a quite vanilla one-interface
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/zones:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN_OPTIONS OUT_OPTIONS
|
|
fw firewall
|
|
net ipv4</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/shorewall/interfaces:</filename></para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
|
|
net <emphasis role="bold">eth0 </emphasis> dhcp,tcpflags,logmartians,nosmurfs</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</article>
|