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Shorewall 3.0.3
Note to users upgrading from Shorewall 2.x
Most problems associated with upgrades come from two causes:
- The user didn't read and follow the migration considerations in these
release notes.
- The user mis-handled the /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf file during
upgrade. Shorewall is designed to allow the default behavior of
the product to evolve over time. To make this possible, the design
assumes that you will not replace your current shorewall.conf file
during upgrades. If you feel absolutely compelled to have the latest
comments and options in your shorewall.conf then you must proceed
carefully.
The new/changed options in shorewall 3.0 are listed below. If you don't
want to convert to the new 3.0 format for /etc/shorewall/zones and you
don't want to replace your current rules that use 2.x builtin actions,
then if you plan to use the 3.0 shorewall.conf file then you must change
it as follows:
- SPECFILE The 3.0 shorewall.conf file has IPSECFILE=zones. You want to
set it to IPSECFILE=ipsec. This will indicate that your
/etc/shorewall/zones file is in the pre-3.0 format.
- FW The 3.0 shorewall.conf file has FW undefined. If you have
named your firewall zone something other than 'fw' then you
must set FW accordingly.
- MAPOLDACTIONS
The 3.0 shorewall.conf file has MAPOLDACTIONS=No. You want to
set it to MAPOLDACTIONS=Yes in order to permit rules that use
the 2.x builtin actions such as AllowPing to continue to work.
Problems Corrected in 3.0.3
1) The comments in the /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf and
/etc/shorewall/hosts files have been changed to clarify when
BRIDGING=Yes is required when dealing with bridges.
2) Thanks to Tuomo Soini, formatting of the comments in the tcdevices
and tcclasses files has been cleaned up.
3) Specifying 'trace' on the 'safe-start' and 'safe-restart' command no
longer fails.
4) The output of "shorewall help restore" has been corrected. It previously
printed incorrect syntax for that command.
New Features in 3.0.3
1) A "shorewall show macros" command has been added. This command displays
a list of the standard macros along with a brief description of each.
2) The '-q' option now works with 'safe-start' and 'safe-restart'.
3) The value "-" is now allowed in the ADDRESS/SUBNET column of
/etc/shorewall/blacklist. That value is equivalent to specifying
0.0.0.0/0 in that column.
4) The output of "shorewall show tc" and "shorewall show classifiers" is
now included in the output from "shorewall dump". This will aid us in
analyzing traffic shaping problems.
5) You can now specify 'none' in the COPY column of /etc/shorewall/providers
to signal that you want Shorewall to only copy routes through the interface
listed in the INTERFACE column.
Note: This works on older versions of Shorewall as well. It is
now documented.
Problems Corrected in 3.0.2
1) A couple of typos in the one-interface sample configuration have
been corrected.
2) The 3.0.1 version of Shorewall was incompatible with old versions of
the Linux kernel (2.4.7 for example). The new code ignores errors
produced when Shorewall 3.x is run on these ancient kernels.
3) Arch Linux installation routines has been improved.
New Features in 3.0.2
1) A new Webmin macro has been added. This macro assumes that Webmin is
running on its default port (10000).
Problems Corrected in 3.0.1
1) If the previous firewall configuration included a policy other than
ACCEPT in the nat, mangle or raw tables then Shorewall would not set
the policy to ACCEPT. This could result in a ruleset that rejected or
dropped all traffic.
2) The Makefile was broken such that 'make' didn't always work correctly.
3) If the SOURCE or DEST column in a macro body was non-empty and a dash
("-") appeared in the corresponding column of an invocation of that
macro, then an invalid rule was generated.
4) The comments in the /etc/shorewall/blacklist file have been updated to
clarify that the PORTS column refers to destination port number/service
names.
5) When CLAMPMSS is set to a value other than "No" and FASTACCEPT=Yes, the
order of the rules generated was incorrect causing RELATED TCP connections
to not have CLAMPMSS applied.
New Features in 3.0.1
1) To make the macro facility more flexible, Shorewall now examines the
contents of the SOURCE and DEST columns in both the macro body and in
the invocation and tries to create the intended rule. If the value in
the invocation appears to be an address (IP or MAC) or the name of an
ipset, then it is placed after the value in the macro body. Otherwise,
it is placed before the value in the macro body.
Example 1:
/etc/shorewall/macro.foo:
PARAM - 192.168.1.5 tcp http
/etc/shorewallrules:
foo/ACCEPT net loc
Effective rule:
ACCEPT net loc:192.168.1.5 tcp http
Example 2:
/etc/shorewall/macro.bar:
PARAM net loc tcp http
/etc/shorewall/rules:
bar/ACCEPT - 192.168.1.5
Effective rule:
ACCEPT net loc:192.168.1.5 tcp http
Migration Considerations for Users upgrade from Shorewall 2.2 or 2.4.
1) The "monitor" command has been eliminated.
2) The "DISPLAY" and "COMMENTS" columns in the /etc/shorewall/zones
file have been removed and have been replaced by the former
columns of the /etc/shorewall/ipsec file. The latter file has been
removed.
Additionally the FW option in shorewall.conf has been deprecated and
is no longer set to 'fw' by default. New users are expected to
define the firewall zone in /etc/shorewall/zones.
Adhering to the principle of least astonishment, the old
/etc/shorewall/ipsec file will continue to be supported. A new
IPSECFILE variable in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf determines the
name of the file that Shorewall looks in for IPSEC information. If
that variable is not set or is set to the empty value then
IPSECFILE=ipsec is assumed. So if you simply upgrade and don't do
something idiotic like replace your current shorewall.conf file with
the new one, your old configuration will continue to work. A dummy
'ipsec' file is included in the release so that your package manager
(e.g., rpm) won't remove your existing file.
The shorewall.conf file included in this release sets
IPSECFILE=zones so that new users are expected to use the new zone
file format.
As a result, the columns in the /etc/shorewall/zones file
are now as follows:
ZONE Short name of the zone (5 Characters or less in
length). The names "all" and "none" are
reserved and may not be used as zone names.
Where a zone is nested in one or more other
zones, you may follow the (sub)zone name by ":"
and a comma-separated list of the parent
zones. The parent zones must have been defined
in earlier records in this file.
Example:
#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
a ipv4
b ipv4
c:a,b ipv4
Currently, Shorewall uses this information only
to reorder the zone list so that parent zones
appear after their sub zones in the list. In the
future, Shorewall may make more extensive use
of that information.
TYPE ipv4 - This is the standard Shorewall zone type and is
the default if the column is left empty or if
it is entered as "-". Communication with some
zone hosts may be encrypted. Encrypted hosts
are designated using the 'ipsec' option in
/etc/shorewall/hosts.
ipsec - Communication with all zone hosts is encrypted
Your kernel and iptables must include policy
match support.
firewall
- Designates the firewall itself. You must have
exactly one 'firewall' zone. No options are
permitted with a 'firewall' zone.
OPTIONS, A comma-separated list of options as
IN OPTIONS, follows:
OUT OPTIONS
reqid=<number> where <number> is
specified using setkey(8) using the
'unique:<number> option for the SPD
level.
spi=<number> where <number> is the SPI
of the SA used to encrypt/decrypt
packets.
proto=ah|esp|ipcomp
mss=<number> (sets the MSS field in TCP
packets)
mode=transport|tunnel
tunnel-src=<address>[/<mask>] (only
available with mode=tunnel)
tunnel-dst=<address>[/<mask>] (only
available with mode=tunnel)
strict Means that packets must match
all rules.
next Separates rules; can only be
used with strict..
Example:
mode=transport,reqid=44
The options in the OPTIONS column are applied to both
incoming and outgoing traffic. The IN OPTIONS are
applied to incoming traffic (in addition to OPTIONS)
and the OUT OPTIONS are applied to outgoing traffic.
If you wish to leave a column empty but need to make an
entry in a following column, use "-".
THE ORDER OF THE ENTRIES IN THIS FILE IS IMPORTANT IF YOU HAVE
NESTED OR OVERLAPPING ZONES DEFINED THROUGH /etc/shorewall/hosts.
3) The DROPINVALID option has been removed from shorewall.conf. The
behavior will be as if DROPINVALID=No had been specified. If you
wish to drop invalid state packets, use the dropInvalid built-in
action.
4) The 'nobogons' interface and hosts option as well as the
BOGON_LOG_LEVEL option have been eliminated.
5) Most of the standard actions have been replaced by parametrized
macros (see below). So for example, action.AllowSMTP and
action.DropSMTP have been removed and a parametrized macro
macro.SMTP has been added to replace them.
In order that current users don't have to immediately update their
rules and user-defined actions, Shorewall can substitute an
invocation of a new macro for an existing invocation of one of
the old actions. So if your rules file calls AllowSMTP, Shorewall
will replace that call with SMTP/ACCEPT. Because this substitution
is expensive, it is conditional based on the setting of
MAPOLDACTIONS in shorewall.conf. If this option is set to YES or if
it is not set (such as if you are using your old shorewall.conf
file) then Shorewall will perform the substitution. Once you have
converted to use the new macros, you can set MAPOLDACTIONS=No and
invocations of those actions will go much quicker during 'shorewall
[re]start'.
6) The STATEDIR variable in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf has been
removed. STATEDIR is now fixed at /var/lib/shorewall. If you have
previously set STATEDIR to another directory, please copy the files
from that directory to /var/lib/shorewall/ before [re]starting
Shorewall after the upgrade to this version.
7) The "shorewall status" command now just gives the status of
Shorewall (started or not-started). The previous status command has
been renamed "dump". The command also shows the state relative to the
state diagram at
http://shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm. In
addition to the state, the time and date at which that state was
entered is shown.
Note that at least one "shorewall [re]start" must be issued after
upgrading to this release before "shorewall status" will show
anything but "Unknown" for the state.
8) The "shorewall forget" command now removes the dynamic blacklist
save file (/var/lib/shorewall/save).
9) In previous versions of Shorewall, the rules generated by entries in
/etc/shorewall/tunnels preceded those rules generated by entries in
/etc/shorewall/rules. Beginning with this release, the rules
generated by entries in the tunnels file will appear *AFTER* the
rules generated by the rules file. This may cause you problems if
you have REJECT, DENY or CONTINUE rules in your rules file that
would cause the tunnel transport packets to not reach the rules that
ACCEPT them. See http://www.shorewall.net/VPNBasics.html for
information on the rules generated by entries in the tunnels file.
10) The NEWNOTSYN and LOGNEWNOTSYN options in shorewall.conf have been
removed as have the 'newnotsyn' options in /etc/shorewall/interfaces
and /etc/shorewall/hosts.
TCP new-not-syn packets may be blocked using the 'dropNotSyn' or
'rejNotSyn' built-in actions.
Example: Reject all new-not-syn packets from the net and log them at
the 'info' level.
#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO
SECTION NEW
rejNotSyn:info net all tcp
Note that the rule is added at the front of the NEW section of the
rules file.
11) A new value is defined for the TC_ENABLED option in shorewall.conf to
enable the built-in tc4shorewall traffic shaper. If you set
TC_ENABLED=internal then tc4shorewall will be used. If the option is
set to Yes then Shorewall will continue to look for a 'tcstart' script.
New Features in Shorewall 3.0.*
1) Error and warning messages are made easier to spot by using
capitalization (e.g., ERROR: and WARNING:).
2) A new option 'critical' has been added to
/etc/shorewall/routestopped. This option can be used to enable
communication with a host or set of hosts during the entire
"shorewall [re]start/stop" process. Listing a host with this option
differs from listing it without the option in several ways:
a) The option only affect traffic between the listed host(s) and the
firewall itself.
b) If there are any entries with 'critical', the firewall
will be completely opened briefly during start, restart and stop but
there will be no chance of any packets to/from the listed host(s)
being dropped or rejected.
Possible uses for this option are:
a) Root file system is NFS mounted. You will want to list the NFS server
in the 'critical' option.
b) You are running Shorewall in a Crossbeam environment
(www.crossbeam.com). You will want to list the Crossbeam interface
in this option
3) A new 'macro' feature has been added.
Macros are very similar to actions and can be used in similar
ways. The differences between actions and macros are as follows:
a) An action creates a separate chain with the same name as the
action (when logging is specified on the invocation of an action,
a chain beginning with "%" followed by the name of the action and
possibly followed by a number is created). When a macro is
invoked, it is expanded in-line and no new chain is created.
b) An action may be specified as the default action for a policy;
macros cannot be specified this way.
c) Actions must be listed in either /usr/share/shorewall/actions.std
or in /etc/shorewall/actions. Macros are defined simply by
placing their definition file in the CONFIG_PATH.
d) Actions are defined in a file with a name beginning with
"action." and followed by the name of the action. Macro files are
defined in a file with a name beginning with "macro.".
e) Actions may invoke other actions. Macros may not directly invoke
other macros although they may invoke other macros indirectly
through an action.
f) DNAT[-] and REDIRECT[-] rules may not appear in an action. They
are allowed in a macro with the restriction that the a macro
containing one of these rules may not be invoked from an action.
g) The values specified in the various columns when you invoke a
macro are substituted in the corresponding column in each rule in
the macro. The first three columns get special treatment:
ACTION If you code PARAM as the action in a macro then
when you invoke the macro, you can include the
name of the macro followed by a slash ("/") and
an ACTION (either built-in or user-defined. All
instances of PARAM in the body of the macro will be
replaced with the ACTION.
Any logging applied when the macro is invoked is
applied following the same rules as for actions.
SOURCE and
DEST If the rule in the macro file specifies a value and
the invocation of the rule also specifies a value then
the value in the invocation is appended to the value
in the rule using ":" as a separator.
Example:
/etc/shorewall/macro.SMTP
PARAM - loc tcp 25
/etc/shorewall/rules:
SMTP/DNAT:info net 192.168.1.5
Would be equivalent to the following in the rules file:
DNAT:info net loc:192.168.1.5 tcp 25
Rest Any value in the invocation replaces the value in the
rule in the macro.
One additional restriction applies to the mixing of macros and
actions. Macros that are invoked from actions cannot themselves
invoke other actions.
4) If you have 'make' installed on your firewall, then when you use
the '-f' option to 'shorewall start' (as happens when you reboot),
if your /etc/shorewall/ directory contains files that were modified
after Shorewall was last restarted then Shorewall is started using
the config files rather than using the saved configuration.
5) The 'arp_ignore' option has been added to /etc/shorewall/interfaces
entries. This option sets
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<interface>/arp_ignore. By default, the
option sets the value to 1. You can also write arp_ignore=<value>
where value is one of the following:
1 - reply only if the target IP address is local address
configured on the incoming interface
2 - reply only if the target IP address is local address
configured on the incoming interface and both with the sender's
IP address are part from same subnet on this interface
3 - do not reply for local addresses configured with scope
host, only resolutions for global and link addresses are
replied
4-7 - reserved
8 - do not reply for all local addresses
WARNING -- DO NOT SPECIFY arp_ignore FOR ANY INTERFACE INVOLVED IN
PROXY ARP.
6) In /etc/shorewall/rules, "all+" in the SOURCE or DEST column works
like "all" but also includes intrazone traffic. So the rule:
ACCEPT loc all+ tcp 22
would allow SSH traffic from loc->loc whereas
ACCEPT loc all tcp 22
does not.
7) A new FASTACCEPT option has been added to shorewall.conf.
Normally, Shorewall defers accepting ESTABLISHED/RELATED packets
until these packets reach the chain in which the original connection
was accepted. So for packets going from the 'loc' zone to the 'net'
zone, ESTABLISHED/RELATED packets are ACCEPTED in the 'loc2net'
chain.
If you set FASTACCEPT=Yes, then ESTABLISHED/RELEATED packets are
accepted early in the INPUT, FORWARD and OUTPUT chains. If you set
FASTACCEPT=Yes then you may not include rules in the ESTABLISHED or
RELATED sections of /etc/shorewall/rules.
8) Shorewall now generates an error if the 'norfc1918' option is
specified for an interface with an RFC 1918 address.
9) You may now specify "!" followed by a list of addresses in the
SOURCE and DEST columns of entries in /etc/shorewall/rules,
/etc/shorewall/tcrules and in action files and Shorewall will
generate the rule that you expect.
Example 1 (/etc/shorewall/rules):
#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT loc:!192.168.1.0/24,10.0.0.0/8 net tcp 80
That rule would allow loc->net HTTP access except for the local
networks 192.168.1.0/24 and 10.0.0.0/8.
Example 2 (/etc/shorewall/rules):
#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT(S)
ACCEPT loc:10.0.0.0/24!10.0.0.4,10.0.0.22 \
net tcp 80
That rule would allow loc->net HTTP access from the local
network 10.0.0.0/24 except for hosts 10.0.0.4 and 10.0.0.22.
10) Tunnel types "openvpnserver" and "openvpnclient" have been added
to reflect the introduction of client and server OpenVPN
configurations in OpenVPN 2.0.
11) The COMMAND variable is now set to 'restore' in restore
scripts. The value of this variable is sometimes of interest to
programmers providing custom /etc/shorewall/tcstart scripts.
12) Previously, if you defined any intra-zone rule(s) then any traffic
not matching the rule(s) was subject to normal policies (which
usually turned out to involve the all->all REJECT policy). Now, the
intra-zone ACCEPT policy will still be in effect in the presence of
intra-zone rules. That policy can still be overridden by an
explicit policy in your /etc/shorewall/policy file.
Example:
/etc/shorewall/rules:
DNAT loc:!192.168.1.4 loc:192.168.1.4:3128 tcp 80
Any other loc->loc traffic will still be accepted. If you want to
also log that other loc->loc traffic at the info log level then
insert this into /etc/shorewall/policy:
#SOURCE DEST POLICY LOG LEVEL
loc loc ACCEPT info
13) Prior to Shorewall 2.5.3, the rules file only controlled packets in
the Netfilter states NEW and INVALID. Beginning with this release,
the rules file can also deal with packets in the ESTABLISHED and
RELATED states.
The /etc/shorewall/rules file may now be divided into
"sections". Each section is introduced by a line that begins with
the keyword SECTION followed by the section name. Sections
are as listed below and must appear in the order shown.
ESTABLISHED
Rules in this section apply to packets in the ESTABLISHED
state.
RELATED
Rules in this section apply to packets in the RELATED state.
NEW
Rules in this section apply to packets in the NEW and INVALID
states.
Rules in the ESTABLISHED and RELATED sections are limited to the
following ACTIONs:
ACCEPT, DROP, REJECT, QUEUE, LOG and User-defined actions.
Macros may be used in these sections provided that they expand to
only these ACTIONs.
At the end of the ESTABLISHED and RELATED sections, there is an
implicit "ALLOW all all all" rule.
RESTRICTION: If you specify FASTACCEPT=Yes in
/etc/shorewall.shorewall.conf then the ESTABLISHED and RELATED
sections must be empty.
14) The value 'ipp2p' is once again allowed in the PROTO column of
the rules file. It is recommended that rules specifying 'ipp2p'
only be included in the ESTABLISHED section of the file.
15) Shorewall actions lack a generalized way to pass parameters to an
extension script associated with an action. To work around this
lack, some users have used the log tag as a parameter. This works
but requires that a log level other than 'none' be specified when
the action is invoked. Beginning with this release, you can invoke
an action with 'none'.
Example:
#ACTION SOURCE DEST
A:none:these,are,parameters $FW net
When /etc/shorewall/A is invoked, the LEVEL variable will be empty
but the TAG variable will contain "these,are,parameters" which
can be easily parsed to isolate "these", "are" and "parameters":
ifs=$IFS
IFS=,
set -- $TAG
IFS=$ifs
Now, $1 = these, $2 = are and $3 = parameters
16) The "shorewall check" command now checks the /etc/shorewall/masq,
/etc/shorewall/blacklist, /etc/shorewall/proxyarp,
/etc/shorewall/nat and /etc/shorewall/providers files.
17) Arne Bernin's "tc4shorewall" package has been integrated into
Shorewall.
See: http://www.shorewall.net/3.0/traffic_shaping.htm for details.
Thanks, Arne!
18) When /usr/share/shorewall/functions is loaded it now sets
SHOREWALL_LIBRARY=Loaded
Application code such as /etc/shorewall/tcstart may test that
variable to determine if the library has been loaded into the
current shell process.
19) The install.sh script now does a much cleaner job of backing up the
current installation. It copies the directories /etc/shorewall,
/usr/share/shorewall and /var/lib/shorewall to a directory of the
same name with "-$VERSION.bkout" appended. The init script and
/sbin/shorewall are backed up to the /usr/share/shorewall and
/var/lib/shorewall directories respectively. This makes it very
simple to remove the backups:
rm -rf /etc/shorewall-*.bkout
rm -rf /usr/share/shorewall-*.bkout
rm -rf /var/lib/shorewall-*.bkout
20) A new '-n' option has been added to the "start", "restart",
"restore", "stop" and "try" commands. This option instructs
Shorewall to not alter the routing in any way.
This option is useful when you have a multi-ISP environment because
it prevents the route cache from being flushed which preserves the
mapping of end-point address pairs to routes.
21) The output of "shorewall dump" now includes a capabilities report
such as the one produced by "shorewall show capabilities".
22) Note: This change is only important for users who ran Shorewall 2.5.x.
The "plain" zone type has been replaced by "ipv4". The types
"IPv4" and "IPV4" are synonyms for "ipv4". In addition, "IPSEC",
"ipsec4" and "IPSEC4" are recognized synonyms for "ipsec".
23) The NEWNOTSYN and LOGNEWNOTSYN options in shorewall.conf have been
removed as have the 'newnotsyn' options in /etc/shorewall/interfaces
and /etc/shorewall/hosts. See the Migration Considerations for
instructions if you wish to block "new-not-syn" TCP packets.
24) The "shorewall show zones" command now displays the zone type. You
must have restarted Shorewall using this release before this feature
will work correctly.
25) Shorewall now supports UDP IPP2P matching. In addition to the "ipp2p"
keyword in the PROTOCOL column of the relevant files, the following
values may be specified:
ipp2p:tcp Equivalent to ipp2p and matches TCP traffic
only.
ipp2p:udp Matches UDP traffic.
ipp2p:all Matches both UDP and TCP traffic. You may
not specify a SOURCE PORT with this PROTOCOL.
26) Normally MAC verification triggered by the 'maclist' interface and host
options is done out of the INPUT and FORWARD chains of the filter table.
Users have reported that under some circumstances, MAC verification is
failing for forwarded packets when the packets are being forwarded out
of a bridge.
To work around this problem, a MACLIST_TABLE option has been added to
shorewall.conf. The default value is MACLIST_TABLE=filter which results
in the current behavior. If MACLIST_TABLE=mangle then filtering will
take place out of the PREROUTING chain of the mangle table. Because
the REJECT target may not be used in the PREROUTING chain, the settings
MACLIST_DISPOSITION=REJECT and MACLIST_TABLE=mangle are incompatible.
27) The sample configurations are now packaged with the product. They are
in the Samples directory on the tarball and are in the RPM they are
in the Samples sub-directory of the Shorewall documentation
directory.
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