mirror of
https://gitlab.com/shorewall/code.git
synced 2024-12-23 14:48:51 +01:00
462 lines
18 KiB
XML
462 lines
18 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<refentry>
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>shorewall6-tcclasses</refentrytitle>
|
|
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>tcclasses</refname>
|
|
|
|
<refpurpose>Shorewall6 file to define HTB classes</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>/etc/shorewall6/tcclasses</command>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Description</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>A note on the <emphasis>rate</emphasis>/bandwidth definitions used
|
|
in this file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>don't use a space between the integer value and the unit: 30kbit
|
|
is valid while 30 kbit is NOT.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>you can use one of the following units:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">kpbs</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Kilobytes per second.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">mbps</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Megabytes per second.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">kbit</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Kilobits per second.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">mbit</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Megabits per second.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">bps</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">number</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Bytes per second.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>if you want the values to be calculated for you depending on the
|
|
output bandwidth setting defined for an interface in tcdevices, you
|
|
can use expressions like the following:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>full/3</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>causes the bandwidth to be calculated as 1/3 of the full
|
|
outgoing speed that is defined.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>full*9/10</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>will set this bandwidth to 9/10 of the full
|
|
bandwidth</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that in a sub-class (a class that has a specified parent
|
|
class), full refers to the RATE or CEIL of the parent class rather
|
|
than to the OUT-BANDWIDTH of the device.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>DO NOT add a unit to the rate if it is calculated !</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>The columns in the file are as follows.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">INTERFACE</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>interface</emphasis>[:<emphasis>class</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Name of <emphasis>interface</emphasis>. Each interface may be
|
|
listed only once in this file. You may NOT specify the name of an
|
|
alias (e.g., eth0:0) here; see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm#faq18">http://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm#faq18</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You may specify either the interface number or the interface
|
|
name. If the <emphasis role="bold">classify</emphasis> option is
|
|
given for the interface in <ulink
|
|
url="shorewall6-tcdevices.html">shorewall6-tcdevices</ulink>(5),
|
|
then you must also specify an interface class (an integer that must
|
|
be unique within classes associated with this interface).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You may NOT specify wildcards here, e.g. if you have multiple
|
|
ppp interfaces, you need to put them all in here!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Please note that you can only use interface names in here that
|
|
have a bandwidth defined in the <ulink
|
|
url="shorewall6-tcdevices.html">shorewall6-tcdevices</ulink>(5)
|
|
file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Normally, all classes defined here are sub-classes of a root
|
|
class that is implicitly defined from the entry in <ulink
|
|
url="shorewall6-tcdevices.html">shorewall6-tcdevices</ulink>(5). You
|
|
can establish a class hierarchy by specifying a
|
|
<emphasis>parent</emphasis> class -- the number of a class that you
|
|
have previously defined. The sub-class may borrow unused bandwidth
|
|
from its parent.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">MARK</emphasis> -
|
|
{-|<emphasis>value</emphasis>}</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The mark <emphasis>value</emphasis> which is an integer in the
|
|
range 1-255. You set mark values in the <ulink
|
|
url="shorewall6-tcrules.html">shorewall6-tcrules</ulink>(5) file,
|
|
marking the traffic you want to fit in the classes defined in here.
|
|
Must be specified as '-' if the <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">classify</emphasis> option is given for the interface in
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="shorewall6-tcdevices.html">shorewall6-tcdevices</ulink>(5)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can use the same marks for different interfaces.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">RATE</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>rate</emphasis>[:<emphasis>dmax</emphasis>[:<emphasis>umax</emphasis>]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The minimum bandwidth this class should get, when the traffic
|
|
load rises. If the sum of the rates in this column exceeds the
|
|
INTERFACE's OUT-BANDWIDTH, then the OUT-BANDWIDTH limit may not be
|
|
honored. Similarly, if the sum of the rates of sub-classes of a
|
|
class exceed the CEIL of the parent class, things don't work
|
|
well.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When using the HFSC queuing discipline, leaf classes may
|
|
specify <replaceable>dmax</replaceable>, the maximum delay in
|
|
milliseconds that the first queued packet for this class should
|
|
experience. May be expressed as an integer, optionally followed by
|
|
'ms' with no intervening white space (e.g., 10ms).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>HFSC leaf classes may also specify
|
|
<replaceable>umax</replaceable>, the largest packet expected in this
|
|
class. May be expressed as an integer. The unit of measure is
|
|
<emphasis>bytes</emphasis> and the integer may be optionally
|
|
followed by 'b' with no intervening white space (e.g., 800b).
|
|
<replaceable>umax</replaceable> may only be given if
|
|
<replaceable>dmax</replaceable> is also given.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">CEIL</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>rate</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The maximum bandwidth this class is allowed to use when the
|
|
link is idle. Useful if you have traffic which can get full speed
|
|
when more needed services (e.g. ssh) are not used.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can use the value <emphasis role="bold">full</emphasis> in
|
|
here for setting the maximum bandwidth to the RATE of the parent
|
|
class, or the OUT-BANDWIDTH of the device if there is no parent
|
|
class.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">PRIORITY</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>priority</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <emphasis>priority</emphasis> in which classes will be
|
|
serviced by the packet shaping scheduler and also the priority in
|
|
which bandwidth in excess of the rate will be given to each
|
|
class.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Higher priority classes will experience less delay since they
|
|
are serviced first. Priority values are serviced in ascending order
|
|
(e.g. 0 is higher priority than 1).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Classes may be set to the same priority, in which case they
|
|
will be serviced as equals.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">OPTIONS</emphasis> (Optional) -
|
|
[<emphasis>option</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>option</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A comma-separated list of options including the
|
|
following:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">default</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This is the default class for that interface where all
|
|
traffic should go, that is not classified otherwise.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>You must define <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">default</emphasis> for exactly one class per
|
|
interface.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">tos=0x</emphasis><emphasis>value</emphasis>[/0x<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]
|
|
(mask defaults to 0xff)</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This lets you define a classifier for the given
|
|
<emphasis>value</emphasis>/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>
|
|
combination of the IP packet's TOS/Precedence/DiffSrv octet
|
|
(aka the TOS byte).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">tos-</emphasis><emphasis>tosname</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Aliases for the following TOS octet value and mask
|
|
encodings. TOS encodings of the "TOS byte" have been
|
|
deprecated in favor of diffserve classes, but programs like
|
|
ssh, rlogin, and ftp still use them.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> <emphasis role="bold">tos-minimize-delay</emphasis> 0x10/0x10
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">tos-maximize-throughput</emphasis> 0x08/0x08
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">tos-maximize-reliability</emphasis> 0x04/0x04
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">tos-minimize-cost</emphasis> 0x02/0x02
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">tos-normal-service</emphasis> 0x00/0x1e</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>Each of these options is only valid for ONE class per
|
|
interface.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">tcp-ack</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If defined, causes a tc filter to be created that puts
|
|
all tcp ack packets on that interface that have a size of
|
|
<=64 Bytes to go in this class. This is useful for speeding
|
|
up downloads. Please note that the size of the ack packets is
|
|
limited to 64 bytes because we want only packets WITHOUT
|
|
payload to match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para></para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>This option is only valid for ONE class per
|
|
interface.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>flow=<emphasis>keys</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Shorewall attaches an SFQ queuing discipline to each
|
|
leaf HTB class. SFQ ensures that each
|
|
<firstterm>flow</firstterm> gets equal access to the
|
|
interface. The default definition of a flow corresponds
|
|
roughly to a Netfilter connection. So if one internal system
|
|
is running BitTorrent, for example, it can have lots of
|
|
'flows' and can thus take up a larger share of the bandwidth
|
|
than a system having only a single active connection. The
|
|
<option>flow</option> classifier (module cls_flow) works
|
|
around this by letting you define what a 'flow' is. The
|
|
clasifier must be used carefully or it can block off all
|
|
traffic on an interface! The flow option can be specified for
|
|
an HTB leaf class (one that has no sub-classes). We recommend
|
|
that you use the following:</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member>Shaping internet-bound traffic:
|
|
flow=nfct-src</member>
|
|
|
|
<member>Shaping traffic bound for your local net:
|
|
flow=dst</member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>These will cause a 'flow' to consists of the traffic
|
|
to/from each internal system.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When more than one key is give, they must be enclosed in
|
|
parenthesis and separated by commas.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>To see a list of the possible flow keys, run this
|
|
command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para><command>tc filter add flow help</command></para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Those that begin with "nfct-" are Netfilter connection
|
|
tracking fields. As shown above, we recommend flow=nfct-src;
|
|
that means that we want to use the source IP address
|
|
<emphasis>before NAT</emphasis> as the key.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>pfifo</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>When specified for a leaf class, the pfifo queing
|
|
discipline is applied to the class rather than the sfq queuing
|
|
discipline.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>limit=<emphasis>number</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.4.3. When specified for a leaf
|
|
class, determines the maximum number of packets that may be
|
|
queued within the class. The <emphasis>number</emphasis> must
|
|
be > 2 and <= 128. If not specified, the value 127 is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 1:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Suppose you are using PPP over Ethernet (DSL) and ppp0 is the
|
|
interface for this. You have 4 classes here, the first you can use
|
|
for voice over IP traffic, the second interactive traffic (e.g.
|
|
ssh/telnet but not scp), the third will be for all unclassified
|
|
traffic, and the forth is for low priority traffic (e.g.
|
|
peer-to-peer).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The voice traffic in the first class will be guaranteed a
|
|
minimum of 100kbps and always be serviced first (because of the low
|
|
priority number, giving less delay) and will be granted excess
|
|
bandwidth (up to 180kbps, the class ceiling) first, before any other
|
|
traffic. A single VOIP stream, depending upon codecs, after
|
|
encapsulation, can take up to 80kbps on a PPOE/DSL link, so we pad a
|
|
little bit just in case. (TOS byte values 0xb8 and 0x68 are DiffServ
|
|
classes EF and AFF3-1 respectively and are often used by VOIP
|
|
devices).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Interactive traffic (tos-minimum-delay) and TCP acks (and ICMP
|
|
echo traffic if you use the example in tcrules) and any packet with
|
|
a mark of 2 will be guaranteed 1/4 of the link bandwidth, and may
|
|
extend up to full speed of the link.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Unclassified traffic and packets marked as 3 will be
|
|
guaranteed 1/4th of the link bandwidth, and may extend to the full
|
|
speed of the link.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Packets marked with 4 will be treated as low priority packets.
|
|
(The tcrules example marks p2p traffic as such.) If the link is
|
|
congested, they're only guaranteed 1/8th of the speed, and even if
|
|
the link is empty, can only expand to 80% of link bandwidth just as
|
|
a precaution in case there are upstream queues we didn't account
|
|
for. This is the last class to get additional bandwidth and the last
|
|
to get serviced by the scheduler because of the low priority.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE MARK RATE CEIL PRIORITY OPTIONS
|
|
ppp0 1 100kbit 180kbit 1 tos=0x68/0xfc,tos=0xb8/0xfc
|
|
ppp0 2 full/4 full 2 tcp-ack,tos-minimize-delay
|
|
ppp0 3 full/4 full 3 default
|
|
ppp0 4 full/8 full*8/10 4</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall6/tcclasses</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm">http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>shorewall6(8), shorewall6-accounting(5), shorewall6-actions(5),
|
|
shorewall6-blacklist(5), shorewall6-hosts(5), shorewall6-interfaces(5),
|
|
shorewall6-maclist(5), shorewall6-params(5), shorewall6-policy(5),
|
|
shorewall6-providers(5), shorewall6-route_rules(5),
|
|
shorewall6-routestopped(5), shorewall6-rules(5), shorewall6.conf(5),
|
|
shorewall6-tcdevices(5), shorewall6-tcrules(5), shorewall6-tos(5),
|
|
shorewall6-tunnels(5), shorewall6-zones(5)</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|