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239 lines
7.8 KiB
XML
239 lines
7.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<article>
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<!--$Id$-->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Shorewall Version 4</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Tom</firstname>
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<surname>Eastep</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2007</year>
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<year>2009</year>
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<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
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1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
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no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
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License</ulink></quote>.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<section id="Intro">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>Shorewall version 4 represents a substantial shift in direction for
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Shorewall. Up to now</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shorewall has been written entirely in Bourne Shell.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shorewall has run the <command>iptables</command> utility to add
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each Netfilter rule.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Shorewall version 4 offers you a choice. You can continue to use the
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existing shell-based implementation or you can use a new implementation of
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the Shorewall compiler written in the Perl programming language. The new
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compiler:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>has a small disk footprint</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>is very fast.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>generates a firewall script that uses
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<command>iptables-restore</command>; so the script is very
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fast.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>generates better and more consistent error messages.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>does a much more thorough job of checking the configuration to
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avoid run-time errors.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>supports creating either Ipv4 or Ipv6 firewalls (Shorewall 4.2.4
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and later).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Both compilers may be installed on your system and you can use
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whichever one suits you in a particular case.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="Install">
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<title>Installing Shorewall Version 4</title>
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<para>Shorewall 4 contains six packages:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-shell</emphasis> - the old
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shell-based compiler and related components.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-perl</emphasis> - the new
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Perl-based compiler.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-common</emphasis> - the part of
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Shorewall common to both compilers.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-lite</emphasis>- same as the 3.4
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version of Shorewall Lite. Can run scripts generated by either
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Shorewall-perl or Shorewall-shell.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall6</emphasis> - The utilities for
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creating and operating an Ipv6 firewall. Requires Shorewall-perl and
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Shorewall-common.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall6-lite</emphasis> - Ipv6
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equivalent of Shorewall Lite. Can run scripts generated by
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Shoreall-perl 4.2.4 and later.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>If you upgrade to Shorewall Version 4, you must install
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Shorewall-shell and/or Shorewall-perl; in fact, if you are using the
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tarball for your installation, you must install Shorewall-shell and/or
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Shorewall-perl <emphasis role="bold">before</emphasis> you upgrade
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Shorewall. See the <ulink url="upgrade_issues.htm">upgrade issues</ulink>
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for details.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="Prereqs">
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<title>Prerequisites for using the Shorewall Version 4 Perl-based
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Compiler</title>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl (I use Perl 5.8.8 but other 5.8 versions should work fine).
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<note>
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<para>If you want to be able to use DNS names in your Shorewall6
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configuration files, then Perl 5.10 is required together with the
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Perl <emphasis role="bold">Socket6</emphasis> module.</para>
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</note></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">Cwd</emphasis> Module</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">File::Basename</emphasis>
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Module</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">File::Temp</emphasis> Module</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">Getopt::Long</emphasis> Module</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">Carp</emphasis> Module</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">FindBin</emphasis> Module (Shorewall
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4.0.3 and later)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl <emphasis role="bold">Scalar::Util </emphasis>Module
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(Shorewall 4.0.6 and later)</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<section id="Incompatibilities">
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<title>Incompatibilities Introduced in the Shorewall Version 4 Perl-based
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Compiler</title>
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<para>The Shorewall-perl compiler is not 100% compatible with the
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Shorewall-shell version. See <ulink url="Shorewall-perl.html">this
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document</ulink> for details.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="CompilerSelection">
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<title>Compiler Selection</title>
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<para>If you only install one compiler, then that compiler will be
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used.</para>
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<para>If you install both compilers, then the compiler actually used for
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IPv4 depends on the SHOREWALL_COMPILER setting in
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<filename>shorewall.conf</filename>.</para>
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<para>The value of this new option can be either 'perl' or 'shell'.</para>
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<para>If you add 'SHOREWALL_COMPILER=perl' to
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<filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> then by default, the
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new compiler will be used on the system. If you add it to
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<filename>shorewall.conf</filename> in a separate directory (such as a
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Shorewall-lite export directory) then the new compiler will only be used
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when you compile from that directory.</para>
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<para>If you only install one compiler, it is suggested that you do not
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set SHOREWALL_COMPILER.</para>
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<para>If both compilers are installed, you can select the compiler to use
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on the command line using the 'C option:<simplelist>
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<member>'-C shell' means use the shell compiler</member>
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<member>'-C perl' means use the perl compiler</member>
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</simplelist>The -C option overrides the setting in
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shorewall.conf.</para>
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<para>Example:<programlisting><command>shorewall restart -C perl</command></programlisting></para>
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<para>When the Shorewall-perl compiler has been selected, the
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<filename>params</filename> file is processed using the shell
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<option>-a</option> option which causes all variables set within the file
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to be exported automatically by the shell. The Shorewall-perl compiler
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uses the current environmental variables to perform variable expansion
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within the other Shorewall configuration files.</para>
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</section>
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</article>
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