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shorewall_code/docs/CompiledPrograms.xml
Tom Eastep 5c7a4b579c Clarify CONFIG_PATH setting using -lite products 
Signed-off-by: Tom Eastep <teastep@shorewall.net>
2012-06-05 17:23:13 -07:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
<article>
<!--$Id$-->
<articleinfo>
<title>Shorewall Lite and Compiled Firewall Programs</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Eastep</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>2006-2010</year>
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
License</ulink></quote>.</para>
</legalnotice>
</articleinfo>
<caution>
<para><emphasis role="bold">This article applies to Shorewall 4.3 and
later. If you are running a version of Shorewall earlier than Shorewall
4.3.5 then please see the documentation appropriate for your
version.</emphasis></para>
</caution>
<section id="Overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<para>Shorewall has the capability to compile a Shorewall configuration
and produce a runnable firewall program script. The script is a complete
program which can be placed on a system with <emphasis>Shorewall
Lite</emphasis> installed and can serve as the firewall creation script
for that system.</para>
<section id="Lite">
<title>Shorewall Lite</title>
<para>Shorewall Lite is a companion product to Shorewall and is designed
to allow you to maintain all Shorewall configuration information on a
single system within your network.</para>
<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
<listitem>
<para>You install the full Shorewall release on one system within
your network. You need not configure Shorewall there and you may
totally disable startup of Shorewall in your init scripts. For ease
of reference, we call this system the 'administrative
system'.</para>
<para>The administrative system may be a GNU/Linux system, a Windows
system running <ulink url="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</ulink> or
an <ulink url="http://www.apple.com/mac/">Apple MacIntosh</ulink>
running OS X. Install from a shell prompt <ulink
url="Install.htm">using the install.sh script</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>On each system where you wish to run a Shorewall-generated
firewall, you install Shorewall Lite. For ease of reference, we will
call these systems the 'firewall systems'.</para>
<note>
<para>The firewall systems do <emphasis role="bold">NOT</emphasis>
need to have the full Shorewall product installed but rather only
the Shorewall Lite product. Shorewall and Shorewall Lite may be
installed on the same system but that isn't encouraged.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>On the administrative system you create a separate 'export
directory' for each firewall system. You copy the contents of
<filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall/configfiles</filename> into
each export directory.</para>
<note>
<para>Users of Debian and derivatives that install the package
from their distribution will be disappointed to find that
<filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall/configfiles</filename> does
not exist on their systems. They will instead need to
either:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Copy the files in
/usr/share/doc/shorewall/default-config/ into each export
directory.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Copy /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf into each export
directory and remove /etc/shorewall from the CONFIG_PATH
setting in the copied files.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>or</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Download the Shorewall tarball corresponding to their
package version.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Untar and copy the files from the
<filename>configfiles</filename> sub-directory in the untarred
<filename>shorewall-...</filename> directory.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</note>
<para>After copying, you may need to change two setting in the copy
of shorewall.conf:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Remove /etc/shorewall (/etc/shorewal6) from the setting of
CONFIG_PATH</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>STARTUP_LOG=/var/log/shorewall-lite-init.log</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Older versions of Shorewall included copies of shorewall.conf
with these settings already modified. This practice was discontinued
in Shorewall 4.4.20.1.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The <filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> file is
used to determine the VERBOSITY setting which determines how much
output the compiler generates. All other settings are taken from the
<filename>shorewall.conf </filename>file in the remote systems
export directory.</para>
<caution>
<para>If you want to be able to allow non-root users to manage
remote firewall systems, then the files
<filename>/etc/shorewall/params</filename> and
<filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> must be
readable by all users on the administrative system. Not all
packages secure the files that way and you may have to change the
file permissions yourself.</para>
</caution>
</listitem>
<listitem id="Debian">
<para>On each firewall system, If you are running Debian or one of
its derivatives like Ubuntu then edit
<filename>/etc/default/shorewall-lite</filename> and set
startup=1.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>On the administrative system, for each firewall system you do
the following (this may be done by a non-root user who has root ssh
access to the firewall system):</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>modify the files in the corresponding export directory
appropriately (i.e., <emphasis>just as you would if you were
configuring Shorewall on the firewall system itself</emphasis>).
It's a good idea to include the IP address of the administrative
system in the <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-routestopped.html"><filename>routestopped</filename>
file</ulink>.</para>
<para>It is important to understand that with Shorewall Lite,
the firewall's export directory on the administrative system
acts as <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>
for that firewall. So when the Shorewall documentation gives
instructions for placing entries in files in the firewall's
<filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>, when
using Shorewall Lite you make those changes in the firewall's
export directory on the administrative system.</para>
<para>The CONFIG_PATH variable is treated as follows:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The value of CONFIG_PATH in
<filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> is
ignored when compiling for export (the -e option in given)
and when the <command>load</command> or
<command>reload</command> command is being executed (see
below).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The value of CONFIG_PATH in the
<filename>shorewall.conf</filename> file in the export
directory is used to search for configuration files during
compilation of that configuration.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The value of CONFIG_PATH used when the script is run
on the firewall system is
"/etc/shorewall-lite:/usr/share/shorewall-lite".</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<programlisting><command>cd &lt;export directory&gt;</command>
<command>/sbin/shorewall load firewall</command></programlisting>
<para>The <ulink
url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#Load"><command>load</command></ulink>
command compiles a firewall script from the configuration files
in the current working directory (using <command>shorewall
compile -e</command>), copies that file to the remote system via
scp and starts Shorewall Lite on the remote system via
ssh.</para>
<para>Example (firewall's DNS name is 'gateway'):</para>
<para><command>/sbin/shorewall load gateway</command><note>
<para>Although scp and ssh are used by default, you can use
other utilities by setting RSH_COMMAND and RCP_COMMAND in
<filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename>.</para>
</note></para>
<para>The first time that you issue a <command>load</command>
command, Shorewall will use ssh to run
<filename>/usr/share/shorewall-lite/shorecap</filename> on the
remote firewall to create a capabilities file in the firewall's
administrative direction. See <link
linkend="Shorecap">below</link>.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you later need to change the firewall's configuration,
change the appropriate files in the firewall's export directory
then:</para>
<programlisting><command>cd &lt;export directory&gt;</command>
<command>/sbin/shorewall reload firewall</command></programlisting>
<para>The <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html"><command>reload</command></ulink>
command compiles a firewall script from the configuration files in
the current working directory (using <command>shorewall compile
-e</command>), copies that file to the remote system via scp and
restarts Shorewall Lite on the remote system via ssh. The <emphasis
role="bold">reload</emphasis> command also supports the '-c'
option.</para>
<para>I personally place a <filename>Makefile</filename> in each
export directory as follows:</para>
<blockquote>
<programlisting># Shorewall Packet Filtering Firewall Export Directory Makefile - V3.3
#
# This program is under GPL [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.txt]
#
# (c) 2006 - Tom Eastep (teastep@shorewall.net)
#
# Shorewall documentation is available at http://www.shorewall.net
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of Version 2 of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
################################################################################
# Place this file in each export directory. Modify each copy to set HOST
# to the name of the remote firewall corresponding to the directory.
#
# To make the 'firewall' script, type "make".
#
# Once the script is compiling correctly, you can install it by
# typing "make install".
#
################################################################################
# V A R I A B L E S
#
# Files in the export directory on which the firewall script does not depend
#
IGNOREFILES = firewall% Makefile% trace% %~
#
# Remote Firewall system
#
HOST = gateway
#
# Save some typing
#
LITEDIR = /var/lib/shorewall-lite
#
# Set this if the remote system has a non-standard modules directory
#
MODULESDIR=
#
# Default target is the firewall script
#
################################################################################
# T A R G E T S
#
all: firewall
#
# Only generate the capabilities file if it doesn't already exist
#
capabilities:
ssh root@$(HOST) "MODULESDIR=$(MODULESDIR) /usr/share/shorewall-lite/shorecap &gt; $(LITEDIR)/capabilities"
scp root@$(HOST):$(LITEDIR)/capabilities .
#
# Compile the firewall script. Using the 'wildcard' function causes "*" to be expanded so that
# 'filter-out' will be presented with the list of files in this directory rather than "*"
#
firewall: $(filter-out $(IGNOREFILES) capabilities , $(wildcard *) ) capabilities
shorewall compile -e . firewall
#
# Only reload on demand.
#
install: firewall
scp firewall firewall.conf root@$(HOST):$(LITEDIR)
ssh root@$(HOST) "/sbin/shorewall-lite restart"
#
# Save running configuration
#
save:
ssh root@$(HOST) "/sbin/shorewall-lite save"
#
# Remove generated files
#
clean:
rm -f capabilities firewall firewall.conf reload
</programlisting>
</blockquote>
<para>That way, after I've changed the configuration, I can simply
type <command>make</command> or <emphasis role="bold">make
install</emphasis>.</para>
<note>
<para>The above Makefile is available at <ulink
url="http://www1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/contrib/Shorewall-lite/">http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/contrib/Shorewall-lite/</ulink></para>
</note>
<note>
<para>I omit trace% because I often trace compiler execution while
I'm debugging new versions of Shorewall.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>There is a <filename>shorewall-lite.conf</filename> file installed
as part of Shorewall Lite
(<filename>/etc/shorewall-lite/shorewall-lite.conf</filename>). You can
use that file on the firewall system to override some of the settings
from the shorewall.conf file in the export directory.</para>
<para>Settings that you can override are:</para>
<blockquote>
<simplelist>
<member>VERBOSITY</member>
<member>LOGFILE</member>
<member>LOGFORMAT</member>
<member>IPTABLES</member>
<member>PATH</member>
<member>SHOREWALL_SHELL</member>
<member>SUBSYSLOCK</member>
<member>RESTOREFILE</member>
</simplelist>
</blockquote>
<para>You will normally never touch
<filename>/etc/shorewall-lite/shorewall-lite.conf</filename> unless you
run Debian or one of its derivatives (see <link
linkend="Debian">above</link>).</para>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall-lite</filename> program included
with Shorewall Lite supports the same set of commands as the
<filename>/sbin/shorewall</filename> program in a full Shorewall
installation with the following exceptions:</para>
<blockquote>
<simplelist>
<member>add</member>
<member>compile</member>
<member>delete</member>
<member>refresh</member>
<member>reload</member>
<member>try</member>
<member>safe-start</member>
<member>safe-restart</member>
<member>show actions</member>
<member>show macros</member>
</simplelist>
</blockquote>
<para>On systems with only Shorewall Lite installed, I recommend that
you create a symbolic link <filename>/sbin/shorewall</filename> and
point it at <filename>/sbin/shorewall-lite</filename>. That way, you can
use <command>shorewall</command> as the command regardless of which
product is installed.</para>
<blockquote>
<programlisting><command>ln -sf shorewall-lite /sbin/shorewall</command></programlisting>
</blockquote>
<section>
<title>Module Loading</title>
<para>As with a normal Shorewall configuration, the shorewall.conf
file can specify LOAD_HELPERS_ONLY which determines if the
<filename>modules</filename> file (LOAD_HELPERS_ONLY=No) or
<filename>helpers</filename> file (LOAD_HELPERS_ONLY=Yes) is used.
Normally, the file on the firewall system is used. If you want to
specify modules at compile time on the Administrative System, then you
must place a copy of the appropriate file
(<filename>modules</filename> or <filename>helpers</filename>) in the
firewall's configuration directory before compilation.</para>
<para>In Shorewall 4.4.17, the EXPORTMODULES option was added to
shorewall.conf (and shorewall6.conf). When EXPORTMODULES=Yes, any
<filename>modules</filename> or <filename>helpers</filename> file
found on the CONFIG_PATH on the Administrative System during
compilation will be used.</para>
</section>
<section id="Converting">
<title>Converting a system from Shorewall to Shorewall Lite</title>
<para>Converting a firewall system that is currently running Shorewall
to run Shorewall Lite instead is straight-forward.</para>
<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
<listitem>
<para>On the administrative system, create an export directory for
the firewall system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Copy the contents of <filename
class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename> from the firewall
system to the export directory on the administrative
system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>On the firewall system:</para>
<para>Be sure that the IP address of the administrative system is
included in the firewall's export directory
<filename>routestopped</filename> file.</para>
<programlisting><command>shorewall stop</command></programlisting>
<para><emphasis role="bold">We recommend that you uninstall
Shorewall at this point.</emphasis></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Install Shorewall Lite on the firewall system.</para>
<para>If you are running Debian or one of its derivatives like
Ubuntu then edit <filename>/etc/default/shorewall-lite</filename>
and set startup=1.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>On the administrative system:</para>
<para>It's a good idea to include the IP address of the
administrative system in the firewall system's <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-routestopped.html"><filename>routestopped</filename>
file</ulink>.</para>
<para>Also, edit the <filename>shorewall.conf</filename> file in
the firewall's export directory and change the CONFIG_PATH setting
to remove <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>.
You can replace it with <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall/configfiles</filename> if
you like.</para>
<para>Example:</para>
<blockquote>
<para>Before editing:</para>
<programlisting>CONFIG_PATH=<emphasis role="bold">/etc/shorewall</emphasis>:/usr/share/shorewall</programlisting>
<para>After editing:</para>
<programlisting>CONFIG_PATH=<emphasis role="bold">/usr/share/shorewall/configfiles</emphasis>:/usr/share/shorewall</programlisting>
</blockquote>
<para>Changing CONFIG_PATH will ensure that subsequent
compilations using the export directory will not include any files
from <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename> other
than <filename>shorewall.conf</filename> and
<filename>params</filename>.</para>
<para>If you set variables in the params file, there are a couple
of issues:</para>
<para>The <filename>params</filename> file is not processed at run
time if you set EXPORTPARAMS=No in
<filename>shorewall.conf</filename>. For run-time setting of shell
variables, use the <filename>init</filename> extension script.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.17, the variables set in the
<filename>params</filename> file are available in the firewall
script when EXPORTPARAMS=No.</para>
<para>If the <filename>params</filename> file needs to set shell
variables based on the configuration of the firewall system, you
can use this trick:</para>
<programlisting>EXT_IP=$(ssh root@firewall "/sbin/shorewall-lite call find_first_interface_address eth0")</programlisting>
<para>The <command>shorewall-lite call</command> command allows
you to to call interactively any Shorewall function that you can
call in an extension script.</para>
<para>After having made the above changes to the firewall's export
directory, execute the following commands.</para>
<blockquote>
<programlisting><command>cd &lt;export directory&gt;</command>
<command>/sbin/shorewall load &lt;firewall system&gt;</command>
</programlisting>
<para>Example (firewall's DNS name is 'gateway'):</para>
<para><command>/sbin/shorewall load gateway</command></para>
</blockquote>
<para>The first time that you issue a <command>load</command>
command, Shorewall will use ssh to run
<filename>/usr/share/shorewall-lite/shorecap</filename> on the
remote firewall to create a capabilities file in the firewall's
administrative direction. See <link
linkend="Shorecap">below</link>.</para>
<para>The <ulink
url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#Load"><command>load</command></ulink>
command compiles a firewall script from the configuration files in
the current working directory (using <command>shorewall compile
-e</command>), copies that file to the remote system via
<command>scp</command> and starts Shorewall Lite on the remote
system via <command>ssh</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you later need to change the firewall's configuration,
change the appropriate files in the firewall's export directory
then:</para>
<programlisting><command>cd &lt;export directory&gt;</command>
<command>/sbin/shorewall reload firewall</command></programlisting>
<para>The <ulink
url="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#Reload"><command>reload</command></ulink>
command compiles a firewall script from the configuration files in
the current working directory (using <command>shorewall compile
-e</command>), copies that file to the remote system via
<command>scp</command> and restarts Shorewall Lite on the remote
system via <command>ssh</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the kernel/iptables configuration on the firewall later
changes and you need to create a new
<filename>capabilities</filename> file, do the following on the
firewall system:</para>
<programlisting><command>/usr/share/shorewall-lite/shorecap &gt; capabilities</command>
<command>scp capabilities &lt;admin system&gt;:&lt;this system's config dir&gt;</command></programlisting>
<para>Or simply use the -c option the next time that you use the
<command>reload</command> command (e.g., <command>shorewall reload
-c gateway</command>).</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Restrictions">
<title>Restrictions</title>
<para>While compiled Shorewall programs (as are used in Shorewall Lite)
are useful in many cases, there are some important restrictions that you
should be aware of before attempting to use them.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>All extension scripts used are copied into the program (with
the exception of <ulink url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">those
executed at compile-time by the compiler</ulink>). The ramifications
of this are:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If you update an extension script, the compiled program
will not use the updated script.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The <filename>params</filename> file is only processed at
compile time if you set EXPORTPARAMS=No in
<filename>shorewall.conf</filename>. For run-time setting of
shell variables, use the <filename>init</filename> extension
script. Although the default setting is EXPORTPARAMS=Yes for
compatibility, the recommended setting is EXPORTPARAMS=No.
Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.17, the variables set in the
<filename>params</filename> file are available in the firewall
script when EXPORTPARAMS=No.</para>
<para>If the <filename>params</filename> file needs to set shell
variables based on the configuration of the firewall system, you
can use this trick:</para>
<programlisting>EXT_IP=$(ssh root@firewall "/sbin/shorewall-lite call find_first_interface_address eth0")</programlisting>
<para>The <command>shorewall-lite call</command> command allows
you to to call interactively any Shorewall function that you can
call in an extension script.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>You must install Shorewall Lite on the system where you want
to run the script. You then install the compiled program in
/usr/share/shorewall-lite/firewall and use the /sbin/shorewall-lite
program included with Shorewall Lite to control the firewall just as
if the full Shorewall distribution was installed.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Compile">
<title>The "shorewall compile" command</title>
<para>A compiled script is produced using the <command>compile</command>
command:</para>
<blockquote>
<para><command>shorewall compile [ -e ] [ &lt;directory name&gt; ] [
&lt;path name&gt; ]</command></para>
</blockquote>
<para>where</para>
<blockquote>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>-e</term>
<listitem>
<para>Indicates that the program is to be "exported" to another
system. When this flag is set, neither the "detectnets" interface
option nor DYNAMIC_ZONES=Yes in shorewall.conf are allowed. The
created program may be run on a system that has only Shorewall
Lite installed</para>
<para>When this flag is given, Shorewall does not probe the
current system to determine the kernel/iptables features that it
supports. It rather reads those capabilities from
<filename>/etc/shorewall/capabilities</filename>. See below for
details.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>&lt;directory name&gt;</term>
<listitem>
<para>specifies a directory to be searched for configuration files
before those directories listed in the CONFIG_PATH variable in
<filename>shorewall.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>When -e &lt;directory-name&gt; is included, only the
SHOREWALL_SHELL and VERBOSITY settings from
<filename>/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</filename> are used and
these apply only to the compiler itself. The settings used by the
compiled firewall script are determined by the contents of
<filename>&lt;directory name&gt;/shorewall.conf</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>&lt;path name&gt;</term>
<listitem>
<para>specifies the name of the script to be created. If not
given, ${VARDIR}/firewall is assumed (by default, ${VARDIR} is
<filename>/var/lib/shorewall/</filename>)</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</blockquote>
</section>
<section id="Shorecap">
<title>The /etc/shorewall/capabilities file and the shorecap
program</title>
<para>As mentioned above, the
<filename>/etc/shorewall/capabilities</filename> file specifies that
kernel/iptables capabilities of the target system. Here is a sample
file:</para>
<blockquote>
<programlisting>#
# Shorewall detected the following iptables/netfilter capabilities - Tue Jul 15 07:28:12 PDT 2008
#
NAT_ENABLED=Yes
MANGLE_ENABLED=Yes
MULTIPORT=Yes
XMULTIPORT=Yes
CONNTRACK_MATCH=Yes
USEPKTTYPE=Yes
POLICY_MATCH=Yes
PHYSDEV_MATCH=Yes
PHYSDEV_BRIDGE=Yes
LENGTH_MATCH=Yes
IPRANGE_MATCH=Yes
RECENT_MATCH=Yes
OWNER_MATCH=Yes
IPSET_MATCH=Yes
CONNMARK=Yes
XCONNMARK=Yes
CONNMARK_MATCH=Yes
XCONNMARK_MATCH=Yes
RAW_TABLE=Yes
IPP2P_MATCH=
CLASSIFY_TARGET=Yes
ENHANCED_REJECT=Yes
KLUDGEFREE=Yes
MARK=Yes
XMARK=Yes
MANGLE_FORWARD=Yes
COMMENTS=Yes
ADDRTYPE=Yes
TCPMSS_MATCH=Yes
HASHLIMIT_MATCH=Yes
NFQUEUE_TARGET=Yes
REALM_MATCH=Yes
CAPVERSION=40190</programlisting>
</blockquote>
<para>As you can see, the file contains a simple list of shell variable
assignments — the variables correspond to the capabilities listed by the
<command>shorewall show capabilities</command> command and they appear in
the same order as the output of that command.</para>
<para>To aid in creating this file, Shorewall Lite includes a
<command>shorecap</command> program. The program is installed in the
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall-lite/</filename>
directory and may be run as follows:</para>
<blockquote>
<para><command>[ IPTABLES=&lt;iptables binary&gt; ] [
MODULESDIR=&lt;kernel modules directory&gt; ]
/usr/share/shorewall-lite/shorecap &gt; capabilities</command></para>
</blockquote>
<para>The IPTABLES and MODULESDIR options have their <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">usual Shorewall default
values</ulink>.</para>
<para>The <filename>capabilities</filename> file may then be copied to a
system with Shorewall installed and used when compiling firewall programs
to run on the remote system.</para>
<para>The <filename>capabilities</filename> file may also be creating
using <filename>/sbin/shorewall-lite</filename>:<blockquote>
<para><command>shorewall-lite show -f capabilities &gt;
capabilities</command></para>
</blockquote></para>
<para>Note that unlike the <command>shorecap</command> program, the
<command>show capabilities</command> command shows the kernel's current
capabilities; it does not attempt to load additional kernel
modules.</para>
</section>
<section id="Running">
<title>Running compiled programs directly</title>
<para>Compiled firewall programs are complete shell programs that support
the following command line forms:</para>
<blockquote>
<simplelist>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
start</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
stop</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
clear</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
refresh</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
reset</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
restart</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
status</command></member>
<member><command>&lt;program&gt; [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -n ]
version</command></member>
</simplelist>
</blockquote>
<para>The options have the same meanings as when they are passed to
<filename>/sbin/shorewall</filename> itself. The default VERBOSITY level
is the level specified in the <filename>shorewall.conf</filename> file
used when the program was compiled.</para>
</section>
</article>
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