mirror of
https://gitlab.com/shorewall/code.git
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1639 lines
69 KiB
XML
1639 lines
69 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>shorewall-mangle</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>mangle</refname>
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<refpurpose>Shorewall Packet marking/mangling rules file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/etc/shorewall[6]/mangle</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>This file was introduced in Shorewall 4.6.0 and replaces <ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall-tcrules.html">shorewall-tcrules(5)</ulink>. This
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file is only processed by the compiler if:</para>
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<para>Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
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classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.</para>
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<important>
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<para>Unlike rules in the <ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall-rules.html">shorewall-rules</ulink>(5) file,
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evaluation of rules in this file will continue after a match. So the
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final mark for each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule
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that matches.</para>
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<para>If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
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/etc/shorewall/providers be sure to read the restrictions at <ulink
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url="/MultiISP.html">http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink>.</para>
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</important>
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<para>The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
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followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
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the alternate specification syntax).</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> -
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<replaceable>command</replaceable>[(<replaceable>parameters</replaceable>)][:<replaceable>chain-designator</replaceable>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <replaceable>chain-designator </replaceable>indicates the
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Netfilter chain that the entry applies to and may be one of the
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following:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>P</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>PREROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>F</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>FORWARD chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>T</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>POSTROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>I</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>INPUT chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Unless otherwise specified for the particular
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<replaceable>command</replaceable>, the default chain is PREROUTING
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when MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf(5)</ulink>, and
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FORWARD when MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes.</para>
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<para>A <replaceable>chain-designator</replaceable> may not be
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specified if the SOURCE or DEST columns begin with '$FW'. When the
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SOURCE is $FW, the generated rule is always placed in the OUTPUT
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chain. If DEST is '$FW', then the rule is placed in the INPUT chain.
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Additionally, a <replaceable>chain-designator</replaceable> may not
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be specified in an action body.</para>
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<para>Where a command takes parameters, those parameters are
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enclosed in parentheses ("(....)") and separated by commas.</para>
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<para>The <replaceable>command</replaceable> may be one of the
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following.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold"><replaceable>action</replaceable>[([<replaceable>param</replaceable>[,...])]</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Added in Shorewall 5.0.7.
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<replaceable>action</replaceable> must be an action declared
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with the <option>mangle</option> option in <ulink
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url="manpages/shorewall-actions.html">shorewall-actions(5)</ulink>.
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If the action accepts parameters, they are specified as a
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comma-separated list within parentheses following the
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<replaceable>action</replaceable> name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">ADD(<replaceable>ipset</replaceable>:<replaceable>flags</replaceable>)</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Added in Shorewall 4.6.7. Causes addresses and/or port
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numbers to be added to the named
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<replaceable>ipset</replaceable>. The
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<replaceable>flags</replaceable> specify the address or tuple
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to be added to the set and must match the type of ipset
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involved. For example, for an iphash ipset, either the SOURCE
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or DESTINATION address can be added using
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<replaceable>flags</replaceable> <emphasis
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role="bold">src</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">dst</emphasis> respectively (see the -A command in
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ipset (8)).</para>
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<para>ADD is non-terminating. Even if a packet matches the
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rule, it is passed on to the next rule.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CHECKSUM</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Compute and fill in the checksum in a packet that lacks
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a checksum. This is particularly useful if you need to work
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around old applications, such as dhcp clients, that do not
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work well with checksum offloads, but you don't want to
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disable checksum offload in your device.</para>
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<para>Requires 'Checksum Target' support in your kernel and
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iptables.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">CLASSIFY(<replaceable>classid</replaceable>)</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A classification Id (classid) is of the form
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<emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> where
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<emphasis>major</emphasis> and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are
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integers. Corresponds to the 'class' specification in these
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traffic shaping modules:</para>
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<programlisting> atm
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cbq
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dsmark
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pfifo_fast
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htb
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prio</programlisting>
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<para>Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except
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when the <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> is <emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[:<emphasis>address</emphasis>] in
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which case classification occurs in the OUTPUT chain.</para>
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<para>When using Shorewall's built-in traffic shaping tool,
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the <emphasis>major</emphasis> class is the device number (the
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first device in <ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall-tcdevices.html">shorewall-tcdevices</ulink>(5)
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is major class 1, the second device is major class 2, and so
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on) and the <emphasis>minor</emphasis> class is the class's
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MARK value in <ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall-tcclasses.html">shorewall-tcclasses</ulink>(5)
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preceded by the number 1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class
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11, MARK 5 corresponds to minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds
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to minor class 122, etc.).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">?COMMENT</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The rest of the line will be attached as a comment to
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the Netfilter rule(s) generated by the following entries. The
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comment will appear delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of
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<command>shorewall show mangle</command></para>
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<para>To stop the comment from being attached to further
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rules, simply include ?COMMENT on a line by itself.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">CONMARK({mark|range})</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Identical to MARK with the exception that the mark is
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assigned to connection to which the packet belongs is marked
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rather than to the packet itself.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Don't process any more marking rules in the
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table.</para>
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<para>Currently, CONTINUE may not be used with
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<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see the SOURCE and DEST
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columns below); that restriction will be removed when
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iptables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">DEL(<replaceable>ipset</replaceable>:<replaceable>flags</replaceable>)</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Added in Shorewall 4.6.7. Causes an entry to be deleted
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from the named <replaceable>ipset</replaceable>. The
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<replaceable>flags</replaceable> specify the address or tuple
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to be deleted from the set and must match the type of ipset
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involved. For example, for an iphash ipset, either the SOURCE
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or DESTINATION address can be deleted using
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<replaceable>flags</replaceable> <emphasis
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role="bold">src</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">dst</emphasis> respectively (see the -D command in
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ipset (8)).</para>
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<para>DEL is non-terminating. Even if a packet matches the
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rule, it is passed on to the next rule.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DIVERT</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Two DIVERT rule should precede the TPROXY rule and
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should select DEST PORT tcp 80 and SOURCE PORT tcp 80
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respectively (assuming that tcp port 80 is being proxied).
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DIVERT avoids sending packets to the TPROXY target once a
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socket connection to Squid3 has been established by TPROXY.
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DIVERT marks the packet with a unique mark and exempts it from
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any rules that follow.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DIVERTHA</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Added in Shorewall 5.0.4. To setup the HAProxy
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configuration described at <ulink
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url="http://www.loadbalancer.org/blog/setting-up-haproxy-with-transparent-mode-on-centos-6-x">http://www.loadbalancer.org/blog/setting-up-haproxy-with-transparent-mode-on-centos-6-x</ulink>,
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place this entry in <ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers(5)</ulink>:</para>
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<programlisting>#NAME NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY OPTIONS COPY
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TProxy 1 - - lo - tproxy</programlisting>
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<para>and use this DIVERTHA entry:</para>
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<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER PROBABILITY DSCP
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DIVERTHA - - tcp</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DROP</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Causes matching packets to be discarded.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">DSCP</emphasis>(<replaceable>dscp</replaceable>)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sets the <firstterm>Differentiated Services Code
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Point</firstterm> field in the IP header. The
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<replaceable>dscp</replaceable> value may be given as an even
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number (hex or decimal) or as the name of a DSCP class. Valid
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class names and their associated hex numeric values
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are:</para>
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<programlisting> CS0 => 0x00
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CS1 => 0x08
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CS2 => 0x10
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CS3 => 0x18
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CS4 => 0x20
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CS5 => 0x28
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CS6 => 0x30
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CS7 => 0x38
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BE => 0x00
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AF11 => 0x0a
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AF12 => 0x0c
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AF13 => 0x0e
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AF21 => 0x12
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AF22 => 0x14
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AF23 => 0x16
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AF31 => 0x1a
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AF32 => 0x1c
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AF33 => 0x1e
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AF41 => 0x22
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AF42 => 0x24
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AF43 => 0x26
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EF => 0x2e</programlisting>
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<para>To indicate more than one class, add their hex values
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together and specify the result. By default, DSCP rules are
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placed in the POSTROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">ECN</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Added in Shorewall 5.0.6 as an alternative to entries in
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<ulink
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url="/manpages/shorewall-ecn.html">shorewall-ecn(5)</ulink>.
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If a PROTO is specified, it must be 'tcp' (6). If no PROTO is
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supplied, TCP is assumed. This action causes all ECN bits in
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the TCP header to be cleared.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
|
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">IMQ</emphasis>(<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Specifies that the packet should be passed to the IMQ
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identified by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. Requires IMQ
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Target support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">INLINE</emphasis>[(<replaceable>action</replaceable>)]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Allows you to place your own ip[6]tables matches at the
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end of the line following a semicolon (";"). If an
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<replaceable>action</replaceable> is specified, the compiler
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proceeds as if that <replaceable>action</replaceable> had been
|
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specified in this column. If no action is specified, then you
|
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may include your own jump ("-j
|
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<replaceable>target</replaceable>
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[<replaceable>option</replaceable>] ...") after any matches
|
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specified at the end of the rule. If the target is not one
|
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known to Shorewall, then it must be defined as a builtin
|
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action in <ulink
|
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url="/manpages/shorewall-actions.html">shorewall-actions</ulink>
|
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(5).</para>
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<para>The following rules are equivalent:</para>
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<programlisting>2:P eth0 - tcp 22
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INLINE(MARK(2)):P eth0 - tcp 22
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INLINE(MARK(2)):P eth0 - ; -p tcp
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INLINE eth0 - tcp 22 ; -j MARK --set-mark 2
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INLINE eth0 - ; -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 2
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</programlisting>
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<para>If INLINE_MATCHES=Yes in <ulink
|
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url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall6.conf(5)</ulink>
|
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then the third rule above can be specified as follows:</para>
|
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<programlisting>MARK(2):P eth0 - ; -p tcp</programlisting>
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<para>Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.0, the rule may also be
|
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written this way, irrespective of the setting of
|
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INLINE_MATCHES:</para>
|
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|
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<programlisting>MARK(2):P eth0 - ;; -p tcp</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">IPMARK</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Assigns a mark to each matching packet based on the
|
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either the source or destination IP address. By default, it
|
|
assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits of the
|
|
source address. Default values are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member>src</member>
|
|
|
|
<member><emphasis>mask1</emphasis> = 0xFF</member>
|
|
|
|
<member><emphasis>mask2</emphasis> = 0x00</member>
|
|
|
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<member><emphasis>shift</emphasis> = 0</member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>'src' and 'dst' specify whether the mark is to be based
|
|
on the source or destination address respectively. The
|
|
selected address is first shifted to the right by
|
|
<emphasis>shift</emphasis> bits. The result is then LANDed
|
|
with <emphasis>mask1</emphasis> then LORed with
|
|
<emphasis>ma<emphasis>s</emphasis>k2</emphasis>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In a sense, the IPMARK target is more like an IPCLASSIFY
|
|
target in that the mark value is later interpreted as a class
|
|
ID. A packet mark is 32 bits wide; so is a class ID. The
|
|
<major> class occupies the high-order 16 bits and the
|
|
<minor> class occupies the low-order 16 bits. So the
|
|
class ID 1:4ff (remember that class IDs are always in hex) is
|
|
equivalent to a mark value of 0x104ff. Remember that Shorewall
|
|
uses the interface number as the <major> number where
|
|
the first interface in tcdevices has <major> number 1,
|
|
the second has <major> number 2, and so on.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The IPMARK target assigns a mark to each matching packet
|
|
based on the either the source or destination IP address. By
|
|
default, it assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits
|
|
of the source address. The syntax is as follows:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para><option>IPMARK</option>[([{<option>src</option>|<option>dst</option>}][,[<replaceable>mask1</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>shift</replaceable>]]]])]</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Default values are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member><option>src</option></member>
|
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|
|
<member><replaceable>mask1</replaceable> = 0xFF</member>
|
|
|
|
<member><replaceable>mask2</replaceable> = 0x00</member>
|
|
|
|
<member><replaceable>shift</replaceable> = 0</member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para><option>src</option> and <option>dst</option> specify
|
|
whether the mark is to be based on the source or destination
|
|
address respectively. The selected address is first shifted
|
|
right by <replaceable>shift</replaceable>, then LANDed with
|
|
<replaceable>mask1</replaceable> and then LORed with
|
|
<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>. The
|
|
<replaceable>shift</replaceable> argument is intended to be
|
|
used primarily with IPv6 addresses.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para>IPMARK(src,0xff,0x10100)</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member>Suppose that the source IP address is 192.168.4.3
|
|
= 0xc0a80403; then</member>
|
|
|
|
<member>0xc0a80403 >> 0 = 0xc0a80403</member>
|
|
|
|
<member>0xc0a80403 LAND 0xFF = 0x03</member>
|
|
|
|
<member>0x03 LOR 0x10100 = 0x10103 or class ID
|
|
1:103</member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>It is important to realize that, while class IDs are
|
|
composed of a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
|
|
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> value, the set of values must
|
|
be unique. That is, the same numeric value cannot be used as
|
|
both a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
|
|
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> number for the same interface
|
|
unless class nesting occurs (which is not currently possible
|
|
with Shorewall). You should keep this in mind when deciding
|
|
how to map IP addresses to class IDs.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example, suppose that your internal network is
|
|
192.168.1.0/29 (host IP addresses 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.6).
|
|
Your first notion might be to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10000) so
|
|
as to produce class IDs 1:1 through 1:6. But 1:1 is an invalid
|
|
class ID since the <replaceable>major</replaceable> and
|
|
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> classes are equal. So you
|
|
might choose instead to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10100) as in the
|
|
example above so that all of your
|
|
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> classes will have a value
|
|
> 256.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">IPTABLES({<replaceable>target</replaceable>
|
|
[<replaceable>option</replaceable> ...])</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This action allows you to specify an iptables target
|
|
with options (e.g., 'IPTABLES(MARK --set-xmark 0x01/0xff)'. If
|
|
the target is not one recognized by Shorewall, the following
|
|
error message will be issued:</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member>ERROR: Unknown target
|
|
(<replaceable>target</replaceable>)</member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>This error message may be eliminated by adding the
|
|
<replaceable>target</replaceable> as a builtin action in
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-actions.html">shorewall-actions(5)</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">MARK({<replaceable>mark</replaceable>|<replaceable>range</replaceable>})</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>mark</replaceable> is a packet mark
|
|
value.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a
|
|
vertical bar ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with
|
|
the current mark value to produce a new mark value. If
|
|
preceded by an ampersand ("&"), will be logically ANDed
|
|
with the current mark value to produce a new mark
|
|
value.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Both "|" and "&" require Extended MARK Target
|
|
support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a
|
|
mask value (used to determine those bits of the connection
|
|
mark to actually be set). When a mask is specified, the result
|
|
of logically ANDing the mark value with the mask must be the
|
|
same as the mark value.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A mark <replaceable>range</replaceable> is a pair of
|
|
integers separated by a dash ("-").</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>May be optionally followed by a slash ("/") and a mask
|
|
and requires the <firstterm>Statistics Match</firstterm>
|
|
capability in iptables and kernel. Marks in the specified
|
|
range are assigned to packets on a round-robin fashion.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When a mask is specified, the result of logically ANDing
|
|
each mark value with the mask must be the same as the mark
|
|
value. The least significant bit in the mask is used as an
|
|
increment. For example, if '0x200-0x400/0xff00' is specified,
|
|
then the assigned mark values are 0x200, 0x300 and 0x400 in
|
|
equal proportions. If no mask is specified, then ( 2 **
|
|
MASK_BITS ) - 1 is assumed (MASK_BITS is set in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">NFLOG</emphasis>[(<emphasis>nflog-parameters</emphasis>)]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 5.0.9. Logs matching packets using
|
|
NFLOG. The <replaceable>nflog-parameters</replaceable> are a
|
|
comma-separated list of up to 3 numbers:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The first number specifies the netlink group
|
|
(0-65535). If omitted (e.g., NFLOG(,0,10)) then a value of
|
|
0 is assumed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The second number specifies the maximum number of
|
|
bytes to copy. If omitted, 0 (no limit) is assumed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The third number specifies the number of log
|
|
messages that should be buffered in the kernel before they
|
|
are sent to user space. The default is 1.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[(<emphasis>mask</emphasis>)]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Restore the packet's mark from the connection's mark
|
|
using the supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must
|
|
include CONNMARK support.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">SAME[(<replaceable>timeout</replaceable>)]</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Some websites run applications that require multiple
|
|
connections from a client browser. Where multiple 'balanced'
|
|
providers are configured, this can lead to problems when some
|
|
of the connections are routed through one provider and some
|
|
through another. The SAME target allows you to work around
|
|
that problem. SAME may be used in the PREROUTING and OUTPUT
|
|
chains. When used in PREROUTING, it causes matching
|
|
connections from an individual local system to all use the
|
|
same provider. For example: <programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
|
|
SAME:P 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
|
|
If a host in 192.168.1.0/24 attempts a connection on TCP port
|
|
80 or 443 and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in
|
|
the last five minutes then the new connection will use the
|
|
same provider as the connection over which that last packet
|
|
was sent.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When used in the OUTPUT chain, it causes all matching
|
|
connections to an individual remote system to all use the same
|
|
provider. For example:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT
|
|
SAME $FW 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>The
|
|
optional <replaceable>timeout</replaceable> parameter was
|
|
added in Shorewall 4.6.7 and specifies a number of seconds .
|
|
When not specified, a value of 300 seconds (5 minutes) is
|
|
assumed. If the firewall attempts a connection on TCP port 80
|
|
or 443 and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in
|
|
the last <replaceable>timeout</replaceable> seconds to the
|
|
same remote system then the new connection will use the same
|
|
provider as the connection over which that last packet was
|
|
sent.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">SAVE[(<emphasis><replaceable>mask</replaceable>)</emphasis>]
|
|
</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Save the packet's mark to the connection's mark using
|
|
the supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must
|
|
include CONNMARK support.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">TOS</emphasis>(<replaceable>tos</replaceable>[/<replaceable>mask</replaceable>])</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Sets the <firstterm>Type of Service</firstterm> field in
|
|
the IP header. The <replaceable>tos</replaceable> value may be
|
|
given as an number (hex or decimal) or as the name of a TOS
|
|
type. Valid type names and their associated hex numeric values
|
|
are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>Minimize-Delay => 0x10,
|
|
Maximize-Throughput => 0x08,
|
|
Maximize-Reliability => 0x04,
|
|
Minimize-Cost => 0x02,
|
|
Normal-Service => 0x00</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>To indicate more than one class, add their hex values
|
|
together and specify the result.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When <replaceable>tos</replaceable> is given as a
|
|
number, it may be optionally followed by '/' and a
|
|
<replaceable>mask</replaceable>. When no
|
|
<replaceable>mask</replaceable> is given, the value 0xff is
|
|
assumed. When <replaceable>tos</replaceable> is given as a
|
|
type name, the <replaceable>mask</replaceable> 0x3f is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The action performed is to zero out the bits specified
|
|
by the <replaceable>mask</replaceable>, then set the bits
|
|
specified by <replaceable>tos</replaceable>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">TPROXY</emphasis>([<replaceable>port</replaceable>][,<replaceable>address</replaceable>])</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Transparently redirects a packet without altering the IP
|
|
header. Requires a tproxy provider to be defined in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are three parameters to TPROXY - neither is
|
|
required:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><replaceable>port</replaceable> - the port on which
|
|
the proxy server is listening. If omitted, the original
|
|
destination port.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><replaceable>address</replaceable> - a local (to the
|
|
firewall) IP address on which the proxy server is
|
|
listening. If omitted, the IP address of the interface on
|
|
which the request arrives.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TTL</emphasis>([<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">+</emphasis>]<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> is included,
|
|
packets matching the rule will have their TTL incremented by
|
|
<replaceable>number</replaceable>. Similarly, if <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis> is included, matching packets have
|
|
their TTL decremented by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. If
|
|
neither <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> nor <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis> is given, the TTL of matching packets
|
|
is set to <replaceable>number</replaceable>. The valid range
|
|
of values for <replaceable>number</replaceable> is
|
|
1-255.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE -
|
|
{-|<replaceable>source-spec</replaceable>[,...]}</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>source-spec</replaceable> is one of:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>interface</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>interface</replaceable> is the
|
|
logical name of an interface defined in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html">shorewall-interfaces</ulink>(5).
|
|
Matches packets entering the firewall from the named
|
|
interface. May not be used in CLASSIFY rules or in rules using
|
|
the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>address</replaceable> is:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para>A host or network IP address.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The name of an ipset preceded by a plus sign
|
|
("+").</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A MAC address in Shorewall format (preceded by a tilde
|
|
("~") and using dash ("-") as a separator (e.g.,
|
|
~00-A0-C9-15-39-78).</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Matches traffic whose source IP address matches one of
|
|
the listed addresses and that does not match an address listed
|
|
in the <replaceable>exclusion</replaceable> (see <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">This form will not match traffic
|
|
that originates on the firewall itself unless either
|
|
<major><minor> or the :T chain qualifier is used
|
|
in the ACTION column.</emphasis></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:<replaceable>address</replaceable>,[...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This form combines the preceding two forms and matches
|
|
when both the incoming interface and source IP address
|
|
match.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This form matches packets arriving through the named
|
|
<replaceable>interface</replaceable> and whose source IP
|
|
address does not match any of the addresses in the
|
|
<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$FW</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Matches packets originating on the firewall system. May
|
|
not be used with a chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the
|
|
ACTION column.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$FW:<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>address</replaceable> is as above
|
|
(MAC addresses are not permitted). Matches packets originating
|
|
on the firewall and whose source IP address matches one of the
|
|
listed addresses and does not match any address listed in the
|
|
<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>. May not be used with a
|
|
chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the ACTION column.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$FW:<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Matches traffic originating on the firewall, provided
|
|
that the source IP address does not match any address listed
|
|
in the <replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 5.1.0, multiple
|
|
<replaceable>source_spec</replaceable>s, separated by commas, may be
|
|
given provided that the following alternative forms are used:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para>(<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>])</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:(<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>])</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:(<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>$FW:(<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>])</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>$FW:(<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>)</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">DEST -
|
|
{-|<replaceable>dest-spec</replaceable>[,...]}</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>dest-spec</replaceable> is one of:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>interface</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>interface</replaceable> is the
|
|
logical name of an interface defined in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html">shorewall-interfaces</ulink>(5).
|
|
Matches packets leaving the firewall through the named
|
|
interface. May not be used in the PREROUTING chain (:P in the
|
|
mark column or no chain qualifier and MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No
|
|
in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf">shorewall.conf</ulink>
|
|
(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>address</replaceable> is:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para>A host or network IP address.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The name of an ipset preceded by a plus sign
|
|
("+").</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A MAC address in Shorewall format (preceded by a tilde
|
|
("~") and using dash ("-") as a separator (e.g.,
|
|
~00-A0-C9-15-39-78).</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Matches traffic whose destination IP address matches one
|
|
of the listed addresses and that does not match an address
|
|
listed in the <replaceable>exclusion</replaceable> (see <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:<replaceable>address</replaceable>,[...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This form combines the preceding two forms and matches
|
|
when both the outgoing interface and destination IP address
|
|
match. May not be used in the PREROUTING chain (:P in the mark
|
|
column or no chain qualifier and MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in
|
|
<ulink url="/manpages/shorewall.conf">shorewall.conf</ulink>
|
|
(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This form matches packets leaving through the named
|
|
<replaceable>interface</replaceable> and whose destination IP
|
|
address does not match any of the addresses in the
|
|
<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>. May not be used in the
|
|
PREROUTING chain (:P in the mark column or no chain qualifier
|
|
and MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf">shorewall.conf</ulink>
|
|
(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$FW</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Matches packets originating on the firewall system. May
|
|
not be used with a chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the
|
|
ACTION column.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$FW:<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>address</replaceable> is as above
|
|
(MAC addresses are not permitted). Matches packets destined
|
|
for the firewall and whose destination IP address matches one
|
|
of the listed addresses and does not match any address listed
|
|
in the <replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>. May not be used
|
|
with a chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the ACTION
|
|
column.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$FW:<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Matches traffic destined for the firewall, provided that
|
|
the destination IP address does not match any address listed
|
|
in the <replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 5.1.0, multiple
|
|
<replaceable>dest_spec</replaceable>s, separated by commas, may be
|
|
given provided that the following alternative forms are used:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para>(<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>])</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:(<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>])</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><replaceable>interface</replaceable>:(<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>$FW:(<replaceable>address</replaceable>[,...][<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>])</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>$FW:(<replaceable>exclusion</replaceable>)</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">{tcp:[!]syn</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">all}[,...]}</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>See <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages/shorewall-rules.html">shorewall-rules(5)</ulink> for
|
|
details.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.12, this column can accept a
|
|
comma-separated list of protocols.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">DPORT</emphasis>- {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...|+<replaceable>ipset</replaceable>}</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
|
|
names (from services(5)), <emphasis>port number</emphasis>s or
|
|
<emphasis>port range</emphasis>s; if the protocol is <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">icmp</emphasis>, this column is interpreted as the
|
|
destination icmp-type(s). ICMP types may be specified as a numeric
|
|
type, a numeric type and code separated by a slash (e.g., 3/4), or a
|
|
typename. See <ulink
|
|
url="/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP</ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the protocol is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>,
|
|
this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
|
|
"--" (example <emphasis role="bold">bit</emphasis> for bit-torrent).
|
|
If no PORT is given, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
|
icmp (1), tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if
|
|
any of the following field is supplied.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.0, an
|
|
<replaceable>ipset</replaceable> name can be specified in this
|
|
column. This is intended to be used with
|
|
<firstterm>bitmap:port</firstterm> ipsets.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This column was formerly named DEST PORT(S).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SPORT</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...|+<replaceable>ipset</replaceable>}</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional source port(s). If omitted, any source port is
|
|
acceptable. Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port
|
|
numbers or port ranges.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
|
tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if any of
|
|
the following fields is supplied.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.15, you may place '=' in this
|
|
column, provided that the DPORT column is non-empty. This causes the
|
|
rule to match when either the source port or the destination port in
|
|
a packet matches one of the ports specified in DEST PORTS(S). Use of
|
|
'=' requires multi-port match in your iptables and kernel.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.6.0, an
|
|
<replaceable>ipset</replaceable> name can be specified in this
|
|
column. This is intended to be used with
|
|
<firstterm>bitmap:port</firstterm> ipsets.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This column was formerly labelled SOURCE PORT(S).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">USER</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This optional column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is
|
|
the firewall itself.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
|
|
program generating the output is running under the effective
|
|
<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
|
|
specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Examples:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>joe</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>program must be run by joe</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>:kids</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
|
group</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>!:kids</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
|
group</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>+upnpd</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>#program named upnpd</para>
|
|
|
|
<important>
|
|
<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
|
|
Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
|
|
</important>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TEST</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional - Defines a test on the existing packet or connection
|
|
mark. The rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
|
|
anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>!</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
|
|
mark's value is tested.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">LENGTH</emphasis> -
|
|
[<emphasis>length</emphasis>|[<emphasis>min</emphasis>]<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>max</emphasis>]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional - packet payload length. This field, if present allow
|
|
you to match the length of a packet payload (Layer 4 data ) against
|
|
a specific value or range of values. You must have iptables length
|
|
support for this to work. A range is specified in the form
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis>:<emphasis>max</emphasis> where either
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis> or <emphasis>max</emphasis> (but not both)
|
|
may be omitted. If <emphasis>min</emphasis> is omitted, then 0 is
|
|
assumed; if <emphasis>max</emphasis> is omitted, than any packet
|
|
that is <emphasis>min</emphasis> or longer will match.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TOS</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>tos</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
|
|
match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Delay</emphasis> (16)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Throughput</emphasis> (8)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Reliability</emphasis> (4)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Cost</emphasis> (2)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Normal-Service</emphasis> (0)</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">CONNBYTES</emphasis> -
|
|
[!]<emphasis>min</emphasis>:[<emphasis>max</emphasis>[:{<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">O</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">R</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">B</emphasis>}[:{<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">B</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">A</emphasis>}]]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional connection Bytes; defines a byte or packet range that
|
|
the connection must fall within in order for the rule to
|
|
match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A packet matches if the the packet/byte count is within the
|
|
range defined by <emphasis>min</emphasis> and
|
|
<emphasis>max</emphasis> (unless ! is given in which case, a packet
|
|
matches if the packet/byte count is not within the range).
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis> is an integer which defines the beginning
|
|
of the byte/packet range. <emphasis>max</emphasis> is an integer
|
|
which defines the end of the byte/packet range; if omitted, only the
|
|
beginning of the range is checked. The first letter gives the
|
|
direction which the range refers to:<blockquote>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">O</emphasis> - The original
|
|
direction of the connection.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>- The opposite direction from the original
|
|
connection.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - The total of both
|
|
directions.</para>
|
|
</blockquote></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The second letter determines what the range refers
|
|
to.<blockquote>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - Bytes</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis> - Packets</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">A</emphasis> - Average packet
|
|
size.</para>
|
|
</blockquote>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">HELPER -
|
|
</emphasis><emphasis>helper</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Names a Netfilter protocol <firstterm>helper</firstterm>
|
|
module such as <option>ftp</option>, <option>sip</option>,
|
|
<option>amanda</option>, etc. A packet will match if it was accepted
|
|
by the named helper module.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example: Mark all FTP data connections with mark
|
|
4:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER
|
|
4:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 TCP - - - - - - - ftp</programlisting></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROBABILITY</emphasis> -
|
|
[<replaceable>probability</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.0. When non-empty, requires the
|
|
<firstterm>Statistics Match</firstterm> capability in your kernel
|
|
and ip6tables and causes the rule to match randomly but with the
|
|
given <replaceable>probability</replaceable>. The
|
|
<replaceable>probability</replaceable> is a number 0 <
|
|
<replaceable>probability</replaceable> <= 1 and may be expressed
|
|
at up to 8 decimal points of precision.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">DSCP -</emphasis>
|
|
[[!]<replaceable>dscp</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1. When non-empty, match packets whose
|
|
<firstterm>Differentiated Service Code Point</firstterm> field
|
|
matches the supplied value (when '!' is given, the rule matches
|
|
packets whose DSCP field does not match the supplied value). The
|
|
<replaceable>dscp</replaceable> value may be given as an even number
|
|
(hex or decimal) or as the name of a DSCP class. Valid class names
|
|
and their associated hex numeric values are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> CS0 => 0x00
|
|
CS1 => 0x08
|
|
CS2 => 0x10
|
|
CS3 => 0x18
|
|
CS4 => 0x20
|
|
CS5 => 0x28
|
|
CS6 => 0x30
|
|
CS7 => 0x38
|
|
BE => 0x00
|
|
AF11 => 0x0a
|
|
AF12 => 0x0c
|
|
AF13 => 0x0e
|
|
AF21 => 0x12
|
|
AF22 => 0x14
|
|
AF23 => 0x16
|
|
AF31 => 0x1a
|
|
AF32 => 0x1c
|
|
AF33 => 0x1e
|
|
AF41 => 0x22
|
|
AF42 => 0x24
|
|
AF43 => 0x26
|
|
EF => 0x2e</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">STATE</emphasis> -- {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">NEW</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">RELATED</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ESTABLISHED</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">INVALID</emphasis>} [,...]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The rule will only match if the packet's connection is in one
|
|
of the listed states.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TIME</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>timeelement</emphasis>[&<emphasis>timeelement</emphasis>...]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.6.2.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>May be used to limit the rule to a particular time period each
|
|
day, to particular days of the week or month, or to a range defined
|
|
by dates and times. Requires time match support in your kernel and
|
|
ip6tables.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><replaceable>timeelement</replaceable> may be:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>timestart=<replaceable>hh</replaceable>:<replaceable>mm</replaceable>[:<replaceable>ss</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Defines the starting time of day.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>timestop=<replaceable>hh</replaceable>:<replaceable>mm</replaceable>[:<replaceable>ss</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Defines the ending time of day.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>contiguous</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shoreawll 5.0.12. When <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">timestop</emphasis> is smaller than <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">timestart</emphasis> value, match this as a single
|
|
time period instead of distinct intervals.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>utc</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Times are expressed in Greenwich Mean Time.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>localtz</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Deprecated by the Netfilter team in favor of <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">kerneltz</emphasis>. Times are expressed in Local
|
|
Civil Time (default).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>kerneltz</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.2. Times are expressed in Local
|
|
Kernel Time (requires iptables 1.4.12 or later).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>weekdays=ddd[,ddd]...</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>ddd</replaceable> is one of
|
|
<option>Mon</option>, <option>Tue</option>,
|
|
<option>Wed</option>, <option>Thu</option>,
|
|
<option>Fri</option>, <option>Sat</option> or
|
|
<option>Sun</option></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>monthdays=dd[,dd],...</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>dd</replaceable> is an ordinal day of
|
|
the month</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>datestart=<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable>[-<replaceable>mm</replaceable>[-<replaceable>dd</replaceable>[<option>T</option><replaceable>hh</replaceable>[:<replaceable>mm</replaceable>[:<replaceable>ss</replaceable>]]]]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Defines the starting date and time.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>datestop=<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable>[-<replaceable>mm</replaceable>[-<replaceable>dd</replaceable>[<option>T</option><replaceable>hh</replaceable>[:<replaceable>mm</replaceable>[:<replaceable>ss</replaceable>]]]]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Defines the ending date and time.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SWITCH -
|
|
[!]<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable>[={0|1}]</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 5.1.0 and allows enabling and disabling the
|
|
rule without requiring <command>shorewall restart</command>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The rule is enabled if the value stored in
|
|
<filename>/proc/net/nf_condition/<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></filename>
|
|
is 1. The rule is disabled if that file contains 0 (the default). If
|
|
'!' is supplied, the test is inverted such that the rule is enabled
|
|
if the file contains 0.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Within the <replaceable>switch-name</replaceable>, '@0' and
|
|
'@{0}' are replaced by the name of the chain to which the rule is a
|
|
added. The <replaceable>switch-name</replaceable> (after '@...'
|
|
expansion) must begin with a letter and be composed of letters,
|
|
decimal digits, underscores or hyphens. Switch names must be 30
|
|
characters or less in length.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Switches are normally <emphasis role="bold">off</emphasis>. To
|
|
turn a switch <emphasis role="bold">on</emphasis>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member><command>echo 1 >
|
|
/proc/net/nf_condition/<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></command></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>To turn it <emphasis role="bold">off</emphasis> again:</para>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member><command>echo 0 >
|
|
/proc/net/nf_condition/<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></command></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Switch settings are retained over <command>shorewall
|
|
restart</command>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When the <replaceable>switch-name</replaceable> is followed by
|
|
<option>=0</option> or <option>=1</option>, then the switch is
|
|
initialized to off or on respectively by the
|
|
<command>start</command> command. Other commands do not affect the
|
|
switch setting.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>IPv4 Example 1:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer
|
|
to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
|
|
the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
|
|
are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
|
|
packets are determined to match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT USER TEST
|
|
MARK(1):T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-request
|
|
MARK(1):T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-reply
|
|
RESTORE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - 0
|
|
CONTINUE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0
|
|
MARK(4):T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ipp2p:all
|
|
SAVE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a packet hasn't been classified (packet mark is 0), copy
|
|
the connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set,
|
|
we're done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the
|
|
packet mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>IPv4 Example 2:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>SNAT outgoing connections on eth0 from 192.168.1.0/24 in
|
|
round-robin fashion between addresses 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.3, and 1.1.1.9
|
|
(Shorewall 4.5.9 and later).</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>/etc/shorewall/mangle:
|
|
|
|
#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT USER TEST
|
|
CONNMARK(1-3):F 192.168.1.0/24 eth0 ; state=NEW
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/snat:
|
|
|
|
#ACTION SOURCE DEST ...
|
|
SNAT(1.1.1.1) eth0:192.168.1.0/24 - { mark=1:C }
|
|
SNAT(1.1.1.3) eth0:192.168.1.0/24 - { mark=2:C }
|
|
SNAT(1.1.1.4) eth0:192.168.1.0/24 - { mark=3:C }</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>IPv6 Example 1:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer
|
|
to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
|
|
the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
|
|
are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
|
|
packets are determined to match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DPORT SPORT USER TEST
|
|
MARK(1):T ::/0 ::/0 icmp echo-request
|
|
MARK(1):T ::/0 ::/0 icmp echo-reply
|
|
RESTORE:T ::/0 ::/0 all - - - 0
|
|
CONTINUE:T ::/0 ::/0 all - - - !0
|
|
MARK(4):T ::/0 ::/0 ipp2p:all
|
|
SAVE:T ::/0 ::/0 all - - - !0</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a packet hasn't been classified (packet mark is 0), copy
|
|
the connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set,
|
|
we're done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the
|
|
packet mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall/mangle</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall6/mangle</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/traffic_shaping.htm">http://www.shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/MultiISP.html">http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/PacketMarking.html">http://www.shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>shorewall(8)</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|