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901 lines
40 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>shorewall-tcrules</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tcrules</refname>
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<refpurpose>Shorewall Packet Marking rules file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
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classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.</para>
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<important>
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<para>Unlike rules in the <ulink
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url="shorewall-rules.html">shorewall-rules</ulink>(5) file, evaluation
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of rules in this file will continue after a match. So the final mark for
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each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule that
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matches.</para>
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<para>If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
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/etc/shorewall/providers be sure to read the restrictions at <ulink
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url="http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html">http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink>.</para>
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</important>
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<para>The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
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followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
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the alternate specification syntax).</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">MARK/CLASSIFY</emphasis> (mark) -
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<replaceable>mark</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Where <replaceable>mark</replaceable> may assume one of the
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following values.</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
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<listitem>
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<para>A mark <emphasis>value</emphasis> which is an integer in
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the range 1-255.</para>
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<para>Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a
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vertical bar ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with
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the current mark value to produce a new mark value. If preceded
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by an ampersand ("&"), will be logically ANDed with the
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current mark value to produce a new mark value.</para>
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<para>Both "|" and "&" require Extended MARK Target support
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in your kernel and iptables; neither may be used with connection
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marks (see below).</para>
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<para>May optionally be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis>,<emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> or
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<emphasis role="bold">:I</emphasis> where<emphasis role="bold">
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:P</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur in the
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PREROUTING chain, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis> indicates
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that marking should occur in the FORWARD chain, <emphasis
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role="bold">:I </emphasis>indicates that marking should occur in
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the INPUT chain (added in Shorewall 4.4.13), and <emphasis
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role="bold">:T</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur in
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the POSTROUTING chain. If neither <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
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nor <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> follow the mark value
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then the chain is determined as follows:</para>
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<para>- If the SOURCE is <emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...],
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then the rule is inserted into the OUTPUT chain. When
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, only high mark values may be assigned
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there. Packet marking rules for traffic shaping of packets
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originating on the firewall must be coded in the POSTROUTING
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chain (see below).</para>
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<para>- Otherwise, the chain is determined by the setting of
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MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
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<para>Please note that <emphasis role="bold">:I</emphasis> is
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included for completeness and affects neither traffic shaping
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nor policy routing.</para>
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<para>If your kernel and iptables include CONNMARK support then
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you can also mark the connection rather than the packet.</para>
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<para>The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a
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mask value (used to determine those bits of the connection mark
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to actually be set). The mark and optional mask are then
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followed by one of:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the chain determined by the
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setting of MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the FORWARD chain</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CP</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the PREROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CT</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connecdtion in the POSTROUTING chain</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CI</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mark the connection in the INPUT chain. This option
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is included for completeness and has no applicability to
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traffic shaping or policy routing.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Special considerations for If
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5</emphasis>).</para>
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<para>If HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, then you may also specify a value
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in the range 0x0100-0xFF00 with the low-order byte being zero.
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Such values may only be used in the PREROUTING chain (value
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followed by <emphasis role="bold">:P</emphasis> or you have set
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MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5) and have not
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followed the value with <option>:F</option>) or the OUTPUT chain
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(SOURCE is <emphasis role="bold">$FW</emphasis>). With
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HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, non-zero mark values less that 256 are not
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permitted. Shorewall prohibits non-zero mark values less that
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256 in the OUTPUT chain when HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes. While earlier
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versions allow such values in the OUTPUT chain, it is strongly
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recommended that with HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, you use the
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POSTROUTING chain to apply traffic shaping
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marks/classification.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>A classification Id (classid) of the form
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<emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> where
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<emphasis>major</emphasis> and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are
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integers. Corresponds to the 'class' specification in these
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traffic shaping modules:</para>
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<programlisting> atm
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cbq
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dsmark
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pfifo_fast
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htb
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prio</programlisting>
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<para>Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except when
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the <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> is <emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[:<emphasis>address</emphasis>] in
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which case classification occurs in the OUTPUT chain.</para>
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<para>When using Shorewall's built-in traffic shaping tool, the
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<emphasis>major</emphasis> class is the device number (the first
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device in <ulink
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url="shorewall-tcdevices.html">shorewall-tcdevices</ulink>(5) is
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major class 1, the second device is major class 2, and so on)
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and the <emphasis>minor</emphasis> class is the class's MARK
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value in <ulink
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url="shorewall-tcclasses.html">shorewall-tcclasses</ulink>(5)
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preceded by the number 1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class 11,
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MARK 5 corresponds to minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds to
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minor class 122, etc.).</para>
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<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.27, the classid may be
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optionally followed by ':' and a capital letter designating the
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chain where classification is to occur.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>F</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>FORWARD chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>T</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>POSTROUTING chain (default).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis
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role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] --
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restore the packet's mark from the connection's mark using the
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supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must include
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CONNMARK support.</para>
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<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis
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role="bold">SAVE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] -- save
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the packet's mark to the connection's mark using the supplied
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mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must include CONNMARK
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support.</para>
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<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis> Don't process
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any more marking rules ‒in the table.</para>
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<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
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role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">:F</emphasis>. Currently, CONTINUE may not be used
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with <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see the SOURCE and DEST
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columns below); that restriction will be removed when
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iptables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">SAME</emphasis> Some websites run
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applications that require multiple connections from a client
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browser. Where multiple 'balanced' providers are configured,
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this can lead to problems when some of the connections are
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routed through one provider and some through another. The SAME
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target allows you to work around that problem. SAME may be used
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in the PREROUTING and OUTPUT chains. When used in PREROUTING, it
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causes matching connections from an individual local system to
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all use the same provider. For example: <programlisting>#MARK/ SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
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#CLASSIFY PORT(S)
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SAME:P 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
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If a host in 192.168.1.0/24 attempts a connection on TCP port 80
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or 443 and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in the
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last five minutes then the new connection will use the same
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provider as the connection over which that last packet was
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sent.</para>
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<para>When used in the OUTPUT chain, it causes all matching
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connections to an individual remote system to all use the same
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provider. For example:<programlisting>#MARK/ SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
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#CLASSIFY PORT(S)
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SAME $FW 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
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If the firewall attempts a connection on TCP port 80 or 443 and
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it has sent a packet on either of those ports in the last five
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minutes to the same remote system then the new connection will
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use the same provider as the connection over which that last
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packet was sent.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">COMMENT</emphasis> -- the rest of
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the line will be attached as a comment to the Netfilter rule(s)
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generated by the following entries. The comment will appear
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delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of <command>shorewall
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show mangle</command></para>
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<para>To stop the comment from being attached to further rules,
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simply include COMMENT on a line by itself.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">IPMARK</emphasis> ‒ Assigns a mark
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to each matching packet based on the either the source or
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destination IP address. By default, it assigns a mark value
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equal to the low-order 8 bits of the source address. Default
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values are:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>src</member>
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<member><emphasis>mask1</emphasis> = 0xFF</member>
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<member><emphasis>mask2</emphasis> = 0x00</member>
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<member><emphasis>shift</emphasis> = 0</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>'src' and 'dst' specify whether the mark is to be based on
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the source or destination address respectively. The selected
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address is first shifted to the right by
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<emphasis>shift</emphasis> bits. The result is then LANDed with
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<emphasis>mask1</emphasis> then LORed with
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<emphasis>ma<emphasis>s</emphasis>k2</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>In a sense, the IPMARK target is more like an IPCLASSIFY
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target in that the mark value is later interpreted as a class
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ID. A packet mark is 32 bits wide; so is a class ID. The
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<major> class occupies the high-order 16 bits and the
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<minor> class occupies the low-order 16 bits. So the class
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ID 1:4ff (remember that class IDs are always in hex) is
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equivalent to a mark value of 0x104ff. Remember that Shorewall
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uses the interface number as the <major> number where the
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first interface in tcdevices has <major> number 1, the
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second has <major> number 2, and so on.</para>
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<para>The IPMARK target assigns a mark to each matching packet
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based on the either the source or destination IP address. By
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default, it assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits
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of the source address. The syntax is as follows:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para><option>IPMARK</option>[([{<option>src</option>|<option>dst</option>}][,[<replaceable>mask1</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>shift</replaceable>]]]])]</para>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Default values are:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><option>src</option></member>
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<member><replaceable>mask1</replaceable> = 0xFF</member>
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<member><replaceable>mask2</replaceable> = 0x00</member>
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<member><replaceable>shift</replaceable> = 0</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para><option>src</option> and <option>dst</option> specify
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whether the mark is to be based on the source or destination
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address respectively. The selected address is first shifted
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right by <replaceable>shift</replaceable>, then LANDed with
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<replaceable>mask1</replaceable> and then LORed with
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<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>. The
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<replaceable>shift</replaceable> argument is intended to be used
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primarily with IPv6 addresses.</para>
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<para>Example:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>IPMARK(src,0xff,0x10100)</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>Suppose that the source IP address is 192.168.4.3 =
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0xc0a80403; then</member>
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<member>0xc0a80403 >> 0 = 0xc0a80403</member>
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<member>0xc0a80403 LAND 0xFF = 0x03</member>
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<member>0x03 LOR 0x0x10100 = 0x10103 or class ID
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1:103</member>
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</simplelist>
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</blockquote>
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<para>It is important to realize that, while class IDs are
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composed of a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> value, the set of values must
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be unique. That is, the same numeric value cannot be used as
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both a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> number for the same interface
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unless class nesting occurs (which is not currently possible
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with Shorewall). You should keep this in mind when deciding how
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to map IP addresses to class IDs.</para>
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<para>For example, suppose that your internal network is
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192.168.1.0/29 (host IP addresses 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.6).
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Your first notion might be to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10000) so as
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to produce class IDs 1:1 through 1:6. But 1:1 is an invalid
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class ID since the <replaceable>major</replaceable> and
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> classes are equal. So you might
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||
chose instent to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10100) as in the example
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above so that all of your <replaceable>minor</replaceable>
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||
classes will have a value > 256.</para>
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||
</listitem>
|
||
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||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
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role="bold">TPROXY</emphasis>(<replaceable>mark</replaceable>[/<replaceable>mask</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>port</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>address</replaceable>]]])</para>
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<para>Transparently redirects a packet without altering the IP
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header. Requires a local provider to be defined in <ulink
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url="shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
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|
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<para>There are three parameters to TPROXY - only the first
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(mark) is required:</para>
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|
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<itemizedlist>
|
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<listitem>
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<para><replaceable>mark</replaceable> - the MARK value
|
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corresponding to the local provider in <ulink
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url="shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
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</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
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||
<para><replaceable>port</replaceable> - the port on which
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the proxy server is listening. If omitted, the original
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destination port.</para>
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||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
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<para><replaceable>address</replaceable> - a local (to the
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firewall) IP address on which the proxy server is listening.
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||
If omitted, the IP address of the interface on which the
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request arrives.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">TTL</emphasis>([<emphasis
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||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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||
role="bold">+</emphasis>]<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.4.24. May be option followed by
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||
<emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis> but the resulting rule is
|
||
always added to the FORWARD chain. If <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">+</emphasis> is included, packets matching the rule
|
||
will have their TTL incremented by
|
||
<replaceable>number</replaceable>. Similarly, if <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis> is included, matching packets have
|
||
their TTL decremented by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. If
|
||
neither <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> nor <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis> is given, the TTL of matching packets
|
||
is set to <replaceable>number</replaceable>. The valid range of
|
||
values for <replaceable>number</replaceable> is 1-255.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}|[{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>May be:</para>
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>An interface name - matches traffic entering the firewall
|
||
on the specified interface. May not be used in classify rules or
|
||
in rules using the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or
|
||
MAC addresses. <emphasis role="bold">This form will not match
|
||
traffic that originates on the firewall itself unless either
|
||
<major><minor> or the :T chain qualifier is used in
|
||
the MARK column.</emphasis></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Examples:<simplelist>
|
||
<member>0.0.0.0/0</member>
|
||
</simplelist></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><simplelist>
|
||
<member>192.168.1.0/24, 172.20.4.0/24</member>
|
||
</simplelist></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>An interface name followed by a colon (":") followed by a
|
||
comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or MAC
|
||
addresses. May not be used in classify rules or in rules using
|
||
the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>$FW optionally followed by a colon (":") and a
|
||
comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses. Matches
|
||
packets originating on the firewall. May not be used with a
|
||
chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the MARK column.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>MAC addresses must be prefixed with "~" and use "-" as a
|
||
separator.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: ~00-A0-C9-15-39-78</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
|
||
through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
|
||
url="shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">DEST</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|$FW}|[<emphasis>{interface</emphasis>|$FW}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>May be:</para>
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>An interface name. May not be used in the PREROUTING chain
|
||
(:P in the mark column or no chain qualifier and
|
||
MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
|
||
url="manpages/shorewall.conf">shorewall.conf</ulink> (5)). The
|
||
interface name may be optionally followed by a colon (":") and
|
||
an IP address list.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses.
|
||
The list may include ip address ranges if your kernel and
|
||
iptables include iprange support.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13, $FW may be specified by
|
||
itself or qualified by an address list. This causes marking to
|
||
occur in the INPUT chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
|
||
through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
|
||
url="shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">tcp:syn</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">all}</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Protocol - <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> requires
|
||
ipp2p match support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">PORT(S)</emphasis> (dport) - [<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
|
||
names (from services(5)), <emphasis>port number</emphasis>s or
|
||
<emphasis>port range</emphasis>s; if the protocol is <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">icmp</emphasis>, this column is interpreted as the
|
||
destination icmp-type(s). ICMP types may be specified as a numeric
|
||
type, a numberic type and code separated by a slash (e.g., 3/4), or
|
||
a typename. See <ulink
|
||
url="http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP</ulink>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the protocol is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>,
|
||
this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
|
||
"--" (example <emphasis role="bold">bit</emphasis> for bit-torrent).
|
||
If no PORT is given, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
||
icmp (1), tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if
|
||
any of the following field is supplied.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (sport) -
|
||
[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional source port(s). If omitted, any source port is
|
||
acceptable. Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port
|
||
numbers or port ranges.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
||
tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if any of
|
||
the following fields is supplied.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">USER</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>This optional column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is
|
||
the firewall itself.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
|
||
program generating the output is running under the effective
|
||
<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
|
||
specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Examples:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>joe</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>program must be run by joe</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>:kids</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
||
group</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>!:kids</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
||
group</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>+upnpd</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>#program named upnpd</para>
|
||
|
||
<important>
|
||
<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
|
||
Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
|
||
</important>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">TEST</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional - Defines a test on the existing packet or connection
|
||
mark. The rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
|
||
anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>!</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
|
||
mark's value is tested.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">LENGTH</emphasis> -
|
||
[<emphasis>length</emphasis>|[<emphasis>min</emphasis>]<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>max</emphasis>]]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional - packet Length. This field, if present allow you to
|
||
match the length of a packet against a specific value or range of
|
||
values. You must have iptables length support for this to work. A
|
||
range is specified in the form
|
||
<emphasis>min</emphasis>:<emphasis>max</emphasis> where either
|
||
<emphasis>min</emphasis> or <emphasis>max</emphasis> (but not both)
|
||
may be omitted. If <emphasis>min</emphasis> is omitted, then 0 is
|
||
assumed; if <emphasis>max</emphasis> is omitted, than any packet
|
||
that is <emphasis>min</emphasis> or longer will match.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">TOS</emphasis> -
|
||
<emphasis>tos</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
|
||
match.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Delay</emphasis> (16)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Throughput</emphasis> (8)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Reliability</emphasis> (4)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Cost</emphasis> (2)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Normal-Service</emphasis> (0)</programlisting>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">CONNBYTES</emphasis> -
|
||
[!]<emphasis>min</emphasis>:[<emphasis>max</emphasis>[:{<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">O</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">R</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">B</emphasis>}[:{<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">B</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">A</emphasis>}]]]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional connection Bytes; defines a byte or packet range that
|
||
the connection must fall within in order for the rule to
|
||
match.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>A packet matches if the the packet/byte count is within the
|
||
range defined by <emphasis>min</emphasis> and
|
||
<emphasis>max</emphasis> (unless ! is given in which case, a packet
|
||
matches if the packet/byte count is not within the range).
|
||
<emphasis>min</emphasis> is an integer which defines the beginning
|
||
of the byte/packet range. <emphasis>max</emphasis> is an integer
|
||
which defines the end of the byte/packet range; if omitted, only the
|
||
beginning of the range is checked. The first letter gives the
|
||
direction which the range refers to:<blockquote>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">O</emphasis> - The original
|
||
direction of the connection.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>- The opposite direction from the original
|
||
connection.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - The total of both
|
||
directions.</para>
|
||
</blockquote></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The second letter determines what the range refers
|
||
to.<blockquote>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - Bytes</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis> - Packets</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">A</emphasis> - Average packet
|
||
size.</para>
|
||
</blockquote>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">HELPER -
|
||
</emphasis><emphasis>helper</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Names a Netfiler protocol <firstterm>helper</firstterm> module
|
||
such as <option>ftp</option>, <option>sip</option>,
|
||
<option>amanda</option>, etc. A packet will match if it was accepted
|
||
by the named helper module. You can also append "-" and a port
|
||
number to the helper module name (e.g., <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ftp-21</emphasis>) to specify the port number that the
|
||
original connection was made on.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: Mark all FTP data connections with mark
|
||
4:<programlisting>#MARK/ SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER
|
||
#CLASSIFY PORT(S)
|
||
4:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 TCP - - - - - - - ftp</programlisting></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Example</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Example 1:</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer
|
||
to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
|
||
the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
|
||
are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
|
||
packets are determined to match.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> #MARK/ SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST
|
||
#CLASSIFY PORT(S)
|
||
1:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-request
|
||
1:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-reply
|
||
RESTORE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - 0
|
||
CONTINUE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0
|
||
4:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ipp2p:all
|
||
SAVE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>If a packet hasn't been classifed (packet mark is 0), copy the
|
||
connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set, we're
|
||
done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the packet
|
||
mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>FILES</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm">http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html">http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html">http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
|
||
shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-ecn(5), shorewall-exclusion(5),
|
||
shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5),
|
||
shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5),
|
||
shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5),
|
||
shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-route_rules(5),
|
||
shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5),
|
||
shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5),
|
||
shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
</refentry>
|