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672 lines
25 KiB
HTML
Executable File
672 lines
25 KiB
HTML
Executable File
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Shorewall and Aliased Interfaces</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type"
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content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<meta name="author" content="Tom Eastep">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
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style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
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id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#3366ff" height="90">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td width="100%">
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Shorewall and Aliased Interfaces</font></h1>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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<h2>Background</h2>
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The traditional net-tools contain a program called <i>ifconfig</i>
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which is used to configure network devices. ifconfig introduced the
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concept of <i>aliased </i>or <i>virtual </i>interfaces. These virtual
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interfaces have names of the form <i>interface</i>:<i>integer </i>(e.g.,
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eth0:0) and ifconfig treats them more or less like real interfaces.<br>
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<br>
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Example:<br>
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<pre>[root@gateway root]# ifconfig eth0:0<br>eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:00:08:3:FA:55<br> inet addr:206.124.146.178 Bcast:206.124.146.255 Mask:255.255.255.0<br> UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1<br> Interrupt:11 Base address:0x2000<br>[root@gateway root]# <br></pre>
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The ifconfig utility is being gradually phased out in favor of the
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<i>ip</i> utility which is part of the <i>iproute </i>package. The ip
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utility does not use the concept of aliases or virtual interfaces but rather
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treats additional addresses on an interface as objects in their own right.
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The ip utility does provide for interaction with ifconfig in that it allows
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addresses to be <i>labeled </i>where these labels take the form of ipconfig
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virtual interfaces.<br>
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<br>
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Example:<br>
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<br>
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<pre>[root@gateway root]# ip addr show dev eth0<br>2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc htb qlen 100<br> link/ether 02:00:08:e3:fa:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff<br> inet 206.124.146.176/24 brd 206.124.146.255 scope global eth0<br> inet 206.124.146.178/24 brd 206.124.146.255 scope global secondary eth0:0<br>[root@gateway root]# <br></pre>
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Note that one <u>cannot</u> type "ip addr show dev eth0:0" because
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"eth0:0" is a label for a particular address rather than a device name.<br>
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<pre>[root@gateway root]# ip addr show dev eth0:0<br>Device "eth0:0" does not exist.<br>[root@gateway root]#<br></pre>
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The iptables program doesn't support virtual interfaces in either
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it's "-i" or "-o" command options; as a consequence, Shorewall does not
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allow them to be used in the /etc/shorewall/interfaces file or anywhere
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else except as described in the discussion below. <br>
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<br>
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<h2>Adding Addresses to Interfaces</h2>
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Shorewall provides facilities for automatically adding addresses to interfaces
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as described in the following section. It is also easy to add them yourself
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using the <b>ip</b> utility. The above alias was added using:<br>
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<blockquote><b><font color="#009900">ip addr add 206.124.146.178/24 brd 206.124.146.255
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dev eth0 label eth0:0</font></b><br>
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</blockquote>
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You probably want to arrange to add these addresses when the device is started
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rather than placing commands like the above in one of the Shorewall extension
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scripts. For example, on RedHat systems, you can place the commands in /sbin/ifup-local:<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>#!/bin/sh<br><br>case $1 in<br> eth0)<br> /sbin/ip addr add 206.124.146.177 dev eth0 label eth0:0<br> ;;<br>esac <br></pre>
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</blockquote>
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RedHat systems also allow adding such aliases from the network administration
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GUI (which works well if you have a graphical environment on your firewall).<br>
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<h2>So how do I handle more than one address on an interface?</h2>
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The answer depends on what you are trying to do with the interfaces.
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In the sub-sections that follow, we'll take a look at common scenarios.<br>
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<h3>Separate Rules</h3>
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If you need to make a rule for traffic to/from the firewall itself
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that only applies to a particular IP address, simply qualify the $FW zone
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with the IP address.<br>
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<br>
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Example (allow SSH from net to eth0:0 above):<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>ACTION<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>PROTOCOL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>PORT(S)<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE PORT(S)<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ORIGINAL DESTINATION<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">net<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">$FW:206.124.146.178<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">tcp<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">22<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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<h3>DNAT</h3>
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Suppose that I had set up eth0:0 as above and I wanted to port
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forward from that virtual interface to a web server running in my local
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zone at 192.168.1.3. That is accomplised by a single rule in the /etc/shorewall/rules
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file:<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>ACTION<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>PROTOCOL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>PORT(S)<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE PORT(S)<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ORIGINAL DESTINATION<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">DNAT<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">net<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">loc:192.168.1.3<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">tcp<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">80<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">-<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">206.124.146.178<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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<h3>SNAT</h3>
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If you wanted to use eth0:0 as the IP address for outbound connections
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from your local zone (eth1), then in /etc/shorewall/masq:<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SUBNET<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ADDRESS<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">eth0<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth1<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">206.124.146.178<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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Shorewall can create the alias (additional address) for you if
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you set ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. Beginning
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with Shorewall 1.3.14, Shorewall can actually create the "label" (virtual
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interface) so that you can see the created address using ifconfig. In
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addition to setting ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes, you specify the virtual interface
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name in the INTERFACE column as follows:<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SUBNET<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ADDRESS<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">eth0:0<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth1<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">206.124.146.178<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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Shorewall can also set up SNAT to round-robin over a range of IP addresses.
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Do do that, you specify a range of IP addresses in the ADDRESS column. If
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you specify a label in the INTERFACE column, Shorewall will use that label
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for the first address of the range and will increment the label by one for
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each subsequent label.<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SUBNET<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ADDRESS<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">eth0:0<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth1<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">206.124.146.178-206.124.146.180<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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The above would create three IP addresses:<br>
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<br>
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eth0:0 = 206.124.146.178<br>
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eth0:1 = 206.124.146.179<br>
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eth0:2 = 206.124.146.180<br>
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<h3>STATIC NAT</h3>
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If you wanted to use static NAT to link eth0:0 with local address
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192.168.1.3, you would have the following in /etc/shorewall/nat:<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>EXTERNAL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERNAL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ALL INTERFACES<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>LOCAL<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">206.124.146.178<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth0<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">192.168.1.3<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">no<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">no<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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Shorewall can create the alias (additional address) for you if
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you set ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. Beginning
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with Shorewall 1.3.14, Shorewall can actually create the "label" (virtual
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interface) so that you can see the created address using ifconfig. In
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addition to setting ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes, you specify the virtual interface
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name in the INTERFACE column as follows:<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>EXTERNAL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERNAL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ALL INTERFACES<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>LOCAL<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">206.124.146.178<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth0:0<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">192.168.1.3<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">no<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">no<br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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In either case, to create rules that pertain only to this NAT pair,
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you simply qualify the local zone with the internal IP address.<br>
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<br>
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Example: You want to allow SSH from the net to 206.124.146.178 a.k.a.
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192.168.1.3.<br>
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<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" border="1" cellspacing="0">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>ACTION<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>PROTOCOL<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>PORT(S)<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE PORT(S)<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>ORIGINAL DESTINATION<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">net<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">loc:192.168.1.3<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">tcp<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">22<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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<h3>MULTIPLE SUBNETS</h3>
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Sometimes multiple IP addresses are used because there are multiple
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subnetworks configured on a LAN segment. This technique does not provide
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for any security between the subnetworks if the users of the systems have
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administrative privileges because in that case, the users can simply manipulate
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their system's routing table to bypass your firewall/router. Nevertheless,
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there are cases where you simply want to consider the LAN segment itself
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as a zone and allow your firewall/router to route between the two subnetworks.<br>
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<br>
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Example 1: Local interface eth1 interfaces to 192.168.1.0/24
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and 192.168.20.0/24. The primary IP address of eth1 is 192.168.1.254
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and eth1:0 is 192.168.20.254. You want to simply route all requests between
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the two subnetworks.<br>
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<h4>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.1 or Later</h4>
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In /etc/shorewall/interfaces:<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>BROADCAST<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>OPTIONS<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">-<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth1<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">192.168.1.255,192.168.20.255<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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In /etc/shorewall/hosts:<br>
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<blockquote>
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<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>HOSTS<br>
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</b></td>
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<td valign="top"><b>OPTIONS<br>
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</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">loc<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth1:192.168.1.0/24<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">loc<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top">eth1:192.168.20.0/24<br>
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</td>
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<td valign="top"><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<br>
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</blockquote>
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Note that you do NOT need any entry in /etc/shorewall/policy as Shorewall
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1.4.1 and later releases default to allowing intra-zone traffic.<br>
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|
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<h4>If you are running Shorewall 1.4.0 or earlier<br>
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</h4>
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In /etc/shorewall/interfaces:<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
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|
<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>BROADCAST<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>OPTIONS<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">eth1<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">192.168.1.255,192.168.20.255<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">Note 1:<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
Note 1: If you are running Shorewall 1.3.10 or earlier then you
|
|
must specify the <b>multi</b> option.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
In /etc/shorewall/policy:<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>SOURCE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>DESTINATION<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>POLICY<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>LOG LEVEL<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>BURST:LIMIT<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">ACCEPT<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
Example 2: Local interface eth1 interfaces to 192.168.1.0/24 and
|
|
192.168.20.0/24. The primary IP address of eth1 is 192.168.1.254 and
|
|
eth1:0 is 192.168.20.254. You want to make these subnetworks into separate
|
|
zones and control the access between them (the users of the systems do
|
|
not have administrative privileges).<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
In /etc/shorewall/zones:<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>DISPLAY<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>DESCRIPTION<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">Local<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">Local Zone 1<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc2<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">Local2<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">Local Zone 2<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
In /etc/shorewall/interfaces:<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>INTERFACE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>BROADCAST<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>OPTIONS<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">-<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">eth1<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">192.168.1.255,192.168.20.255<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">Note 1:<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
Note 1: If you are running Shorewall 1.3.10 or earlier then you
|
|
must specify the <b>multi</b> option.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
In /etc/shorewall/hosts:<br>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>ZONE<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>HOSTS<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><b>OPTIONS<br>
|
|
</b></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">eth1:192.168.1.0/24<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td valign="top">loc2<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top">eth1:192.168.20.0/24<br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td valign="top"><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
In /etc/shorewall/rules, simply specify ACCEPT rules for the traffic
|
|
that you want to permit.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last Updated 7/29/2003 A - <a
|
|
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> ©
|
|
<font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|