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27 KiB
XML
712 lines
27 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>shorewall-accounting</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>accounting</refname>
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<refpurpose>Shorewall Accounting file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/etc/shorewall/accounting</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Accounting rules exist simply to count packets and bytes in
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categories that you define in this file. You may display these rules and
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their packet and byte counters using the <command>shorewall show
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accounting</command> command.</para>
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<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.18, the accounting structure can be
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created with three root chains:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accountin</emphasis>: Rules that are valid
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in the <emphasis role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> chain (may not specify
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an output interface).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accountout</emphasis>: Rules that are
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valid in the OUTPUT chain (may not specify an input interface or a MAC
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address).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accounting</emphasis>: Other rules.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The new structure is enabled by sectioning the accounting file in a
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manner similar to the <ulink url="manpages/shorewall-rules.html">rules
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file</ulink>. The sections are <emphasis role="bold">INPUT</emphasis>,
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<emphasis role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis> and <emphasis
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role="bold">FORWARD</emphasis> and must appear in that order (although any
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of them may be omitted). The first non-commentary record in the accounting
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file must be a section header when sectioning is used.</para>
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<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.20, the ACCOUNTING_TABLE setting was
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added to shorewall.conf and shorewall6.conf. That setting determines the
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Netfilter table (filter or mangle) where the accounting rules are added.
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When ACCOUNTING_TABLE=mangle is specified, the available sections are
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<emphasis role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis>, <emphasis
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role="bold">INPUT</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis>,
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<emphasis role="bold">FORWARD</emphasis> and <emphasis
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role="bold">POSTROUTING</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>Section headers have the form:</para>
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<para><option>SECTION</option>
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<replaceable>section-name</replaceable></para>
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<para>When sections are enabled:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>A jump to a user-defined accounting chain before entries that
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add rules to that chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>This eliminates loops and unreferenced chains.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>An output interface may not be specified in the <emphasis
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role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> and <emphasis
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role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> sections.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>In the <emphasis role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis> and <emphasis
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role="bold">POSTROUTING</emphasis> sections:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>An input interface may not be specified</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Jumps to a chain defined in the <emphasis
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role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> sections that specifies an input
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interface are prohibited</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>MAC addresses may not be used</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Jump to a chain defined in the <emphasis
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role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> section that specifies a MAC
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address are prohibited.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The default value of the CHAIN column is:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accountin</emphasis> in the <emphasis
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role="bold">INPUT</emphasis> section</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accounout</emphasis> in the <emphasis
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role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis> section</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accountfwd</emphasis> in the <emphasis
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role="bold">FORWARD</emphasis> section</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accountpre</emphasis> in the <emphasis
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role="bold">PREROUTING</emphasis> section</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">accountpost</emphasis> in the
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<emphasis role="bold">POSTROUTING</emphasis> section</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Traffic addressed to the firewall goes through the rules defined
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in the INPUT section.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Traffic originating on the firewall goes through the rules
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defined in the OUTPUT section.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Traffic being forwarded through the firewall goes through the
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rules from the FORWARD sections.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
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followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
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the alternate specification syntax):</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> - {<emphasis
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role="bold">COUNT</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">DONE</emphasis>|<emphasis>chain</emphasis>[:<emphasis
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role="bold">{COUNT</emphasis>|JUMP}]|ACCOUNT(<replaceable>table</replaceable>,<replaceable>network</replaceable>)|COMMENT
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<emphasis>comment</emphasis>}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>What to do when a matching packet is found.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">COUNT</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Simply count the match and continue with the next
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rule</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DONE</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Count the match and don't attempt to match any other
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accounting rules in the chain specified in the <emphasis
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role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> column.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>chain</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">COUNT</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Where <emphasis>chain</emphasis> is the name of a chain;
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Shorewall will create the chain automatically if it doesn't
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already exist. Causes a jump to that chain to be added to the
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chain specified in the CHAIN column. If <emphasis
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role="bold">:COUNT</emphasis> is included, a counting rule
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matching this entry will be added to
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<emphasis>chain</emphasis>. The <emphasis>chain</emphasis> may
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not exceed 29 characters in length and may be composed of
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letters, digits, dash ('-') and underscore ('_').</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>chain</emphasis>:JUMP</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Like the previous option without the <emphasis
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role="bold">:COUNT</emphasis> part.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">ACCOUNT(</emphasis><replaceable>table</replaceable>,<replaceable>network</replaceable><emphasis
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role="bold">)</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This action implements per-IP accounting and was added
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in Shorewall 4.4.17. Requires the <emphasis>ACCOUNT
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Target</emphasis> capability in your iptables and kernel (see
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the output of <command>shorewall show
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capabilities</command>).</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>table</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is the name of an accounting table (you choose the
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name). All rules specifying the same name will have
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their per-IP counters accumulated in the same
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table.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>network</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is an IPv4 networ<emphasis
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role="bold">k</emphasis> in CIDR notation (e.g.,
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192.168.1.0/24). The network can be as large as a /8
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(class A).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>One nice feature of per-IP accounting is that the
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counters survive <command>shorewall restart</command>. This
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has a downside, however. If you change the network associated
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with an accounting table, then you must <command>shorewall
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stop; shorewall start</command> to have a successful restart
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(counters will be cleared).</para>
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<para>The counters in a <replaceable>table</replaceable> are
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printed using the <command>iptaccount</command> utility. For a
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command synopsis, type:</para>
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<para><command>iptaccount --help</command></para>
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<para>As of February 2011, the ACCOUNT Target capability and
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the iptaccount utility are only available when <ulink
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url="http://xtables-addons.sourceforge.net/">xtables-addons</ulink>
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is installed. See <ulink
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url="http://www.shorewall.net/Accounting.html#perIP">http://www.shorewall.net/Accounting.html#perIP</ulink>
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for additional information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>NFLOG[(nflog-parameters)] - Added in
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Shorewall-4.4.20.</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Causes each matching packet to be sent via the currently
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loaded logging backend (usually nfnetlink_log) where it is
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available to accounting daemons through a netlink
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socket.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>COMMENT</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The remainder of the line is treated as a comment which
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is attached to subsequent rules until another COMMENT line is
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found or until the end of the file is reached. To stop adding
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comments to rules, use a line with only the word
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COMMENT.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> - {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>chain</emphasis>}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of a <emphasis>chain</emphasis>. If specified as
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<emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis> the <emphasis
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role="bold">accounting</emphasis> chain is assumed. This is the
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chain where the accounting rule is added. The
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<emphasis>chain</emphasis> will be created if it doesn't already
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exist. The <emphasis>chain</emphasis> may not exceed 29 characters
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in length.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>|<emphasis>address</emphasis>}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Packet Source.</para>
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<para>The name of an <replaceable>interface</replaceable>, an
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<replaceable>address</replaceable> (host or net) or an
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<replaceable>interface</replaceable> name followed by ":" and a host
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or net <replaceable>address</replaceable>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DESTINATION</emphasis> (dest) - {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis>interface</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>|<emphasis>address</emphasis>}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Packet Destination.</para>
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<para>Format same as <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis>
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column.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTOCOL (proto)</emphasis> - {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis>{<emphasis
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role="bold">udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all</emphasis>}]}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A <emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis> (from protocols(5)), a
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<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>, <emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>, <emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis> or <emphasis
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role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DEST PORT(S)</emphasis> (dport) -
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{<emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>ipp2p-option</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>[,<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>]...}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Destination Port number. Service name from services(5) or
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<emphasis>port number</emphasis>. May only be specified if the
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protocol is TCP (6), UDP (17), DCCP (33), SCTP (132) or UDPLITE
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(136).</para>
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<para>You may place a comma-separated list of port names or numbers
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in this column if your kernel and iptables include multiport match
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support.</para>
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<para>If the PROTOCOL is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> then
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this column must contain an <emphasis>ipp2p-option</emphasis>
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("iptables -m ipp2p --help") without the leading "--". If no option
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is given in this column, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
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assumed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (sport)-
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{<emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">any</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">all</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>[,<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>]...}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Service name from services(5) or <emphasis>port
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number</emphasis>. May only be specified if the protocol is TCP (6),
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UDP (17), DCCP (33), SCTP (132) or UDPLITE (136).</para>
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<para>You may place a comma-separated list of port numbers in this
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column if your kernel and iptables include multiport match
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support.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">USER/GROUP</emphasis> (user) - [<emphasis
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role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This column may only be non-empty if the <emphasis
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role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis> is <emphasis
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role="bold">OUTPUT</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
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program generating the output is running under the effective
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<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
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specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>joe</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must be run by joe</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>:kids</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>!:kids</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>+upnpd</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>#program named upnpd</para>
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<important>
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<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
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Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
|
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</important>
|
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">MARK</emphasis> - [<emphasis
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role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
|
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|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The
|
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rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
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<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
|
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anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
|
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|
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<variablelist>
|
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<varlistentry>
|
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<term>!</term>
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<listitem>
|
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<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
|
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|
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<listitem>
|
|
<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
|
|
mark's value is tested.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">IPSEC - <emphasis>option-list</emphasis>
|
|
(Optional - Added in Shorewall 4.4.13 )</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The option-list consists of a comma-separated list of options
|
|
from the following list. Only packets that will be encrypted or have
|
|
been de-crypted via an SA that matches these options will have their
|
|
source address changed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">reqid=</emphasis><emphasis>number</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <emphasis>number</emphasis> is specified using
|
|
setkey(8) using the 'unique:<emphasis>number</emphasis> option
|
|
for the SPD level.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">spi=</emphasis><number></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <emphasis>number</emphasis> is the SPI of the SA
|
|
used to encrypt/decrypt packets.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">proto=</emphasis><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ah</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">esp</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipcomp</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>IPSEC Encapsulation Protocol</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">mss=</emphasis><emphasis>number</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>sets the MSS field in TCP packets</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">mode=</emphasis><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">transport</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">tunnel</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>IPSEC mode</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">tunnel-src=</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>only available with mode=tunnel</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">tunnel-dst=</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>only available with mode=tunnel</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">strict</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Means that packets must match all rules.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">next</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Separates rules; can only be used with strict</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">yes</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipsec</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>When used by itself, causes all traffic that will be
|
|
encrypted/encapsulated or has been decrypted/un-encapsulted to
|
|
match the rule.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">none</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>When used by itself, causes all traffic that will not be
|
|
encrypted/encapsulated or has been decrypted/un-encapsulted to
|
|
match the rule.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>If this column is non-empty, then:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A chain NAME may appearing in the ACTION column must be a
|
|
chain branched either directly or indirectly from the <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">accountin</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">accountout</emphasis> chain.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The CHAIN column must contain either <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">accountin</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">accountout</emphasis> or a chain branched either
|
|
directly or indirectly from those chains.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>These rules will NOT appear in the <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">accounting</emphasis> chain.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>In all of the above columns except <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">CHAIN</emphasis>,
|
|
the values <emphasis role="bold">-</emphasis>, <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">any</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">all</emphasis> may be
|
|
used as wildcards. Omitted trailing columns are also treated as
|
|
wildcard.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall/accounting</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/Accounting.html">http://shorewall.net/Accounting.html
|
|
</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html">http://shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>shorewall(8), shorewall-actions(5), shorewall-blacklist(5),
|
|
shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5),
|
|
shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5),
|
|
shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5),
|
|
shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-rtrules(5),
|
|
shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5),
|
|
shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5),
|
|
shorewall-tcrules(5), shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5),
|
|
shorewall-zones(5)</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|