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483 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
483 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
Shorewall 4.1 Patch Release 4.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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R E L E A S E 4 . 1 H I G H L I G H T S
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1) Support is included for multiple internet providers through the same
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ethernet interface.
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2) Support for NFLOG has been added.
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3) Enhanced operational logging.
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4) The tarball installers now work under Cygwin.
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Problems corrected in Shorewall 4.1.4.
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1) Previously, a value of 0 was ignored in the TEST column of tcrules
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and the MARK column of the rules files.
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Also, the default mask for entries in these columns has been
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changed from 0xFF to 0xFFFF for compatibility with Shorewall-shell.
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2) The compilation date recorded in the firewall.conf file produced by
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Shorewall-perl was previously mangled.
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3) The following situation would result in unexpected behavior.
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/etc/shorewall/zones:
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#ZONE TYPE
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fw firewall
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net ipv4
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loc ipv4
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dmz ipv4
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/etc/shorewall/interfaces:
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#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
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net ppp0
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loc eth1
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loc ppp+
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dmz eth2
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/etc/shorewall/rules:
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#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
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# PORT(S)
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ACCEPT net dmz tcp 80
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REDIRECT loc 3128 tcp 80
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The web server in the dmz (implied by the first rule) is
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inaccessible from the 'net' zone because the REDIRECT rule
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redirects all traffic arriving on 'ppp+' to local port 3128.
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Shorewall 4.1.4 includes a fix for this problem that also requires
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a configuration change.
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The basic problem with the above configuration is that 'net' is a
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sub-zone of 'loc' (since ppp0 is a subset of ppp+) but Shorewall
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isn't able to recognize that fact.
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By changing the /etc/shorewall/zones file to make the parent/child
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relationship explicit, Shorewall will now know that 'net' is a
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sub-zone of 'loc'.
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/etc/shorewall/zones:
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#ZONE TYPE
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fw firewall
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loc ipv4
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net:loc ipv4
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dmz ipv4
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Be sure that there are no CONTINUE policies from net to another
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zone and that IMPLICIT_CONTINUE=No (to prevent implicit CONTINUE
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policies from 'net' to all other zones).
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Other changes in Shorewall 4.1.4.
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1) When installing on Cygwin, /etc/shorewall is no longer fully
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populated. Rather, only the shorewall.conf and params files are
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installed. As always, the full configuration file set is installed
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in /usr/share/shorewall/configfiles.
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2) Specifying a destination zone in a NAT-only rule now generates a
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warning and the destination zone is ignored. NAT-only rules are:
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NONAT
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REDIRECT-
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DNAT-
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3) The /etc/shorewall/masq and /etc/shorewall/nat file now accept a
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comma-separated list of interface names where before only a single
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interface name could be listed (Shorewall-perl only).
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This feature is not for beginners. It iterates over the
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list of interfaces, substituting each interface in place of the
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list and processing the resulting entry according to the semantics
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of earlier Shorewall versions. If you don't know where to use this,
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don't try.
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Example 1:
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/etc/shorewall/masq:
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#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
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eth0,eth1 eth2 1.2.3.4
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equivalent to:
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#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
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eth0 eth2 1.2.3.4
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eth1 eth2 1.2.3.4
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Example 2:
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/etc/shorewall/masq:
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#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
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eth0,eth1::192.168.1.0/24 eth2 1.2.3.4
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equivalent to:
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#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
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eth0::192.168.1.0/24 eth2 1.2.3.4
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eth1::192.168.1.0/24 eth2 1.2.3.4
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Example 3:
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/etc/shorewall/nat:
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#EXTERNAL INTERFACE INTERNAL
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206.124.146.178 eth0,wlan0 192.168.1.3
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equivalent to:
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#EXTERNAL INTERFACE INTERNAL
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206.124.146.178 eth0 192.168.1.3
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206.124.146.178 wlan0 192.168.1.3
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Migration Issues.
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1) Previously, when HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, Shorewall allowed non-zero
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mark values < 256 to be assigned in the OUTPUT chain. This has been
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changed so that only high mark values may be assigned
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there. Packet marking rules for traffic shaping of packets
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originating on the firewall must be coded in the POSTROUTING table.
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2) Previously, Shorewall did not range-check the value of the
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VERBOSITY option in shorewall.conf. Beginning with Shorewall 4.1:
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a) A VERBOSITY setting outside the range -1 through 2 is rejected.
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b) After the -v and -q options are applied, the resulting value is
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adjusted to fall within the range -1 through 2.
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3) Specifying a destination zone in a NAT-only rule now generates a
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warning and the destination zone is ignored. NAT-only rules are:
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NONAT
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REDIRECT-
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DNAT-
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New Features in Shorewall 4.1.
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1) Shorewall 4.1 contains experimental support for multiple Internet
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providers through a single ethernet interface. Configuring two
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providers through a single interface differs from two providers
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through two interfaces in several ways.
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a) Only ethernet (or ethernet-like) interfaces can be used. For
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inbound traffic, the MAC addresses of the gateway routers is used
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to determine which provider a packet was received through. Note
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that only routed traffic can be categorized using this technique.
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b) You must specify the address on the interface that corresponds to
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a particular provider in the INTERFACE column by following the
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interface name with a colon (":") and the address.
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c) Entries in /etc/shorewall/masq must be qualified by the provider
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name (or number).
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d) This feature requires Realm Match support in your kernel and
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iptables. If you use a capabilities file, you need to regenerate
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the file with Shorewall 4.1 or Shorewall-lite 4.1.
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e) You must add route_rules entries for networks that are accessed
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through a particular provider.
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f) If you have additional IP addresses through either provider,
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you must add route_rules to direct traffic FROM each of those
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addresses through the appropriate provider.
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g) You must add MARK rules for any traffic that you know originates
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from a particular provider.
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Example:
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Providers Blarg (1) and Avvanta (2) are both connected to
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eth0. The firewall's IP address with Blarg is 206.124.146.176/24
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(gateway 206.124.146.254) and the IP address from Avvanta is
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130.252.144.8/24 (gateway 130.252.144.254). We have a second IP
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address (206.124.146.177) from Blarg.
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/etc/shorewall/providers:
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#PROVIDER NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY
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Blarg 1 1 main eth0:206.124.146.176 206.124.146.254 ...
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Avvanta 2 2 main eth0:130.252.144.8 130.252.144.254 ...
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/etc/shorewall/masq:
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#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
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eth0(Blarg) 130.252.144.8 206.124.146.176
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eth0(Avvanta) 206.124.146.176 130.252.144.8
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eth0(Blarg) eth1 206.124.146.176
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eth0(Avvanta) eth1 130.252.144.8
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/etc/shorewall/route_rules:
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#SOURCE DEST PROVIDER PRIORITY
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- 206.124.146.0/24 Blarg 1000
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- 130.252.144.0/24 Avvanta 1000
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206.124.146.177 - Blarg 26000
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/etc/shorewall/tcrules
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#MARK/CLASSIFY SOURCE DEST
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1 eth0:206.124.146.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
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2 eth0:130.242.144.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
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2) You may now include the name of a table (nat, mangle or filter) in
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a 'shorewall refresh' command by following the table name with a
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colon (e.g., mangle:). This causes all non-builtin chains in the
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table to be reloaded.
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Example:
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shorewall refresh nat:
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3) When no chain name is given to the 'shorewall refresh' command, the
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mangle table is refreshed along with the blacklist chain (if
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any). This allows you to modify /etc/shorewall/tcrules and install
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the changes using 'shorewall refresh'.
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4) Support for the NFLOG log target has been added. NFLOG is a
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successor to ULOG. In addition, both ULOG and NFLOG may be followed
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by a list of up to three numbers in parentheses.
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The first number specifies the netlink group (1-32). If omitted
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(e.g., NFLOG(,0,10)) then a value of 1 is assumed.
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The second number specifies the maximum number of bytes to copy. If
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omitted, 0 (no limit) is assumed.
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The third number specifies the number of log messages that should
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be buffered in the kernel before they are sent to user space. The
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default is 1.
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Examples:
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/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf:
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MACLIST_LOG_LEVEL=NFLOG(1,0,1)
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/etc/shorewall/rules:
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ACCEPT:NFLOG(1,0,1) vpn fw tcp ssh,time,631,8080
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5) Shorewall-perl 4.1 implements an alternative syntax for macro
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parameters and for the NFQUEUE queue number. Rather than following
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the macro name (or NFQUEUE) with a slash ("/") and the parameter,
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the parameter may be enclosed in parentheses.
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Examples -- each pair shown below are equivalent:
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DNS/ACCEPT DNS(ACCEPT)
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NFQUEUE/3 NFQUEUE(3)
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The old syntax will still be accepted but will cease to be documented
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in some future Shorewall release.
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6) Shorewall 4.1 contains enhanced operational logging capabilities
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through a set of related enhancements to Shorewall-common and
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Shorewall-perl. The enhancements are not supported by
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Shorewall-shell nor are they supported by Shorewall-lite except
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when the script is compiled using Shorewall-perl.
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a) The STARTUP_LOG option in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf gives
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the name of the Shorewall operational log. The log will be
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created if it does not exist.
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b) The LOG_VERBOSITY option in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf gives
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the verbosity at which logging will occur. It uses the same
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value range as VERBOSITY:
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-1 Do not log
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0 Almost quiet
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1 Only major steps
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2 Verbose
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c) An absolute VERBOSITY may be specified on the command line
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using the -v option followed by -1,0,1 or 2.
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Example:
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shorewall -v2 check
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d) The /etc/init.d/shorewall script supplied with the
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shorewall.net packages sets '-v0' as the default. This may be
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overridden with the OPTIONS setting in /etc/defaults/shorewall or
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/etc/sysconfig/shorewall.
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Logging occurs on both Shorewall-perl and the generated script when
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the following commands are issued:
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start
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restart
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refresh
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Messages in the log are always timestamped.
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This change implemented two new options to the Shorewall-perl
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compiler (/usr/share/shorewall-perl/compiler.pl).
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--log=<logfile>
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--log_verbosity={-1|0-2}
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The --log option is ignored when --log_verbosity is not supplied or
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is supplied with value -1.
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To avoid a proliferation of parameters to
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Shorewall::Compiler::compile(), that function has been changed to
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use named parameters. Parameter names are:
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object Object file. If omitted or '', the
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configuration is syntax checked.
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directory Directory. If omitted or '', configuration
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files are located using
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CONFIG_PATH. Otherwise, the directory named by
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this parameter is searched first.
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verbosity Verbosity; range -1 to 2
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timestamp 0|1 -- timestamp messages.
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debug 0|1 -- include stack trace in warning/error
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messages.
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export 0|1 -- compile for export.
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chains List of chains to be reloaded by 'refresh'.
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log File to log compiler messages to.
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log_verbosity Log Verbosity; range -1 to 2.
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Those parameters that are supplied must have defined values.
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Defaults are:
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object '' ('check' command)
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directory ''
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verbosity 1
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timestamp 0
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debug 0
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export 0
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chains ''
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log ''
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log_verbosity -1
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Example:
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use lib '/usr/share/shorewall-perl/';
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use Shorewall::Compiler;
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compiler( object => '/root/firewall',
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log => '/root/compile.log',
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log_verbosity => 2 );
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7) Previously, when HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, Shorewall allowed non-zero
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mark values < 256 to be assigned in the OUTPUT chain. This has been
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changed so that only high mark values may be assigned
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there. Packet marking rules for traffic shaping of packets
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originating on the firewall must be coded in the POSTROUTING table.
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8) Previously, Shorewall did not range-check the value of the
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VERBOSITY option in shorewall.conf. Beginning with Shorewall 4.1:
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a) A VERBOSITY setting outside the range -1 through 2 is rejected.
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b) After the -v and -q options are applied, the resulting value is
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adjusted to fall within the range -1 through 2.
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9) The tcdevices file has been extended to include an OPTIONS
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column. Currently only a single option is defined.
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classify When specified, you must use explicit CLASSIFY tcrules
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to classify traffic by class. Shorewall will not create
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any CLASSIFY rules to classify traffic by mark value.
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The 'classify' option should be specified when you want to do all
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classification using CLASSIFY tcrules. Because CLASSIFY is not a
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terminating target, every packet passes through all CLASSIFY
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rules. 'classify' can prevent packets from having to pass through
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useless additional rules.
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Example:
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/etc/shorewall/tcdevices
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#INTERFACE IN-BANDWITH OUT-BANDWIDTH OPTIONS
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$EXT_IF 1300kbit 384kbit classify
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/etc/shorewall/tcclasses
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#INTERFACE MARK RATE CEIL PRIORITY OPTIONS
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$EXT_IF 10 5*full/10 full 1 tcp-ack,tos-minimize-delay
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$EXT_IF 20 2*full/10 6*full/10 2 default
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$EXT_IF 30 2*full/10 6*full/10 3
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/etc/shorewall/tcrules
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#MARK SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE
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# PORT(S)
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1:110 192.168.0.0/22 $EXT_IF
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1:130 206.124.146.177 $EXT_IF tcp - 873
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This example shows my own simple traffic shaping configuration. I
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have three classes; one for traffic from our local network, one for
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rsync from the master shorewall.net server, and one for all other
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DMZ traffic. I use CLASSIFY rules to assign traffic to the first
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and third class and let the rest default to the second class.
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10) COMMENT lines are now supported in macro bodies by Shorewall-perl
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and are ignored by the Shorewall-shell compiler. The standard
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macros (with the exception of macro.Drop and macro.Reject) have
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been modified to include a COMMENT line describing the macro.
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COMMENT lines in macros work slightly differently from COMMENT
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lines in other files. COMMENT lines in macros are ignored if
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COMMENT support is not available or if there was a COMMENT in use
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when the top-level macro was invoked. This allows the
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following:
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/usr/share/shorewall/macro.SSH:
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#ACTION SOURCE PROTO DEST SOURCE RATE USER/
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# PORT(S) PORT(S) LIMIT GROUP
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COMMENT SSH
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PARAM - - tcp 22
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/etc/shorewall/rules:
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COMMENT Allow SSH from home
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SSH/ALLOW net:$MYIP $FW
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COMMENT
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The comment line in macro.SSH will not override the
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COMMENT line in the rules file and the generated rule will show
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/* Allow SSH from home */
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when displayed through the Shorewall show and dump commands.
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11) If the program named in SHOREWALL_SHELL doesn't exist or is not
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executable, Shorewall and Shorewall-lite now both fall back to
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/bin/sh after issuing a warning message. Previously, both
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terminated with a fatal error.
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12) Shorewall-perl now generates fatal error conditions when there are
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no IPv4 zones defined and when there are no interfaces defined.
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13) Shorewall now unconditionally uses tc filter rules to classify
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traffic by MARK value. Previously, Shorewall used the CLASSIFY
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target in the POSTROUTING chain if it was available.
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14) The Shorewall-common installer (install.sh) now works on Windows
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under Cygwin.
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To install Shorewall-perl under Cygwin:
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$ tar -xf shorewall-perl-4.1.3.tar.bz2
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$ tar -xf shorewall-common-4.1.3.tar.bz2
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$ cd shorewall-perl-4.1.3
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$ USER=<your user id> GROUP=None ./install.sh
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$ cd ../shorewall-common-4.1.3
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$ USER=<your user id> GROUP=None ./install.sh
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The 'shorewall' program is installed in /bin/ (a.k.a, /usr/bin/).
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