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1345 lines
57 KiB
XML
1345 lines
57 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry>
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||
<refmeta>
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||
<refentrytitle>shorewall-mangle</refentrytitle>
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||
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||
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
||
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||
<refmiscinfo>Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
|
||
</refmeta>
|
||
|
||
<refnamediv>
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||
<refname>tcrules</refname>
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||
|
||
<refpurpose>Shorewall Packet Marking rules file</refpurpose>
|
||
</refnamediv>
|
||
|
||
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
<cmdsynopsis>
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||
<command>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</command>
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||
</cmdsynopsis>
|
||
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
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||
<title>Description</title>
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||
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||
<para>Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
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classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.</para>
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||
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||
<important>
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||
<para>Unlike rules in the <ulink
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||
url="/manpages/shorewall-rules.html">shorewall-rules</ulink>(5) file,
|
||
evaluation of rules in this file will continue after a match. So the
|
||
final mark for each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule
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||
that matches.</para>
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||
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||
<para>If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
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||
/etc/shorewall/providers be sure to read the restrictions at <ulink
|
||
url="/MultiISP.html">http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink>.</para>
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||
</important>
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||
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||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.4, the tcrules file supports two
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||
different formats:</para>
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||
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||
<variablelist>
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||
<varlistentry>
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||
<term>FORMAT 1 (default - deprecated)</term>
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||
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||
<listitem>
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||
<para>The older limited-function version of TPROXY is
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||
supported.</para>
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||
</listitem>
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||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
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||
<term>FORMAT 2</term>
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||
|
||
<listitem>
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||
<para>The newer version of TPROXY is supported.</para>
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||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
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||
</variablelist>
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||
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||
<para>The format is specified by a line as follows:</para>
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||
|
||
<blockquote>
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||
<para><emphasis role="bold">[?]FORMAT {1|2}</emphasis></para>
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||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<para>The optional '?' was introduced in Shorewall 4.5.11 and ?FORMAT is
|
||
the preferred form; the form without the '?' is deprecated.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
|
||
followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
|
||
the alternate specification syntax).</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
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||
<varlistentry>
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||
<term><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> (mark) -
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||
<replaceable>mark</replaceable></term>
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||
|
||
<listitem>
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||
<para>Where <replaceable>mark</replaceable> may assume one of the
|
||
following values.</para>
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||
|
||
<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
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||
<listitem>
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||
<para>A mark <emphasis>value</emphasis> which is an integer in
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||
the range 1-255.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a
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||
vertical bar ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with
|
||
the current mark value to produce a new mark value. If preceded
|
||
by an ampersand ("&"), will be logically ANDed with the
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||
current mark value to produce a new mark value.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>Both "|" and "&" require Extended MARK Target support
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||
in your kernel and iptables; neither may be used with connection
|
||
marks (see below).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>May optionally be followed by <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:F</emphasis>,<emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> or
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">:I</emphasis> where<emphasis role="bold">
|
||
:P</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur in the
|
||
PREROUTING chain, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis> indicates
|
||
that marking should occur in the FORWARD chain, <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:I </emphasis>indicates that marking should occur in
|
||
the INPUT chain (added in Shorewall 4.4.13), and <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:T</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur in
|
||
the POSTROUTING chain. If neither <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
|
||
nor <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> follow the mark value
|
||
then the chain is determined as follows:</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>- If the SOURCE is <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...],
|
||
then the rule is inserted into the OUTPUT chain. When
|
||
HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, only high mark values may be assigned
|
||
there. Packet marking rules for traffic shaping of packets
|
||
originating on the firewall must be coded in the POSTROUTING
|
||
chain (see below).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>- Otherwise, the chain is determined by the setting of
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||
MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN in <ulink
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||
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Please note that <emphasis role="bold">:I</emphasis> is
|
||
included for completeness and affects neither traffic shaping
|
||
nor policy routing.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If your kernel and iptables include CONNMARK support then
|
||
you can also mark the connection rather than the packet.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a
|
||
mask value (used to determine those bits of the connection mark
|
||
to actually be set). When a mask is specified, the result of
|
||
logically ANDing the mark value with the mask must be the same
|
||
as the mark value.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The mark and optional mask are then followed by one
|
||
of:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the chain determined by the
|
||
setting of MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the FORWARD chain</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">CP</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the PREROUTING chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>CT</term>
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||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the POSTROUTING chain</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
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||
<term>CI</term>
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||
|
||
<listitem>
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||
<para>Mark the connection in the INPUT chain. This option
|
||
is included for completeness and has no applicability to
|
||
traffic shaping or policy routing.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
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||
<para>A mark range which is a pair of integers separated by a
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||
dash ("-"). Added in Shorewall 4.5.9.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>May be optionally followed by a slash ("/") and a mask and
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||
requires the <firstterm>Statistics Match</firstterm> capability
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||
in iptables and kernel. Marks in the specified range are
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||
assigned to packets on a round-robin fashion.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>When a mask is specified, the result of logically ANDing
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||
each mark value with the mask must be the same as the mark
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||
value. The least significant bit in the mask is used as an
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||
increment. For example, if '0x200-0x400/0xff00' is specified,
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||
then the assigned mark values are 0x200, 0x300 and 0x400 in
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||
equal proportions. If no mask is specified, then ( 2 **
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||
MASK_BITS ) - 1 is assumed (MASK_BITS is set in <ulink
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||
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)).</para>
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||
|
||
<para>May optionally be followed by <emphasis
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||
role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis
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||
role="bold">:F</emphasis>,<emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> or
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">:I</emphasis> where<emphasis role="bold">
|
||
:P</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur in the
|
||
PREROUTING chain, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis> indicates
|
||
that marking should occur in the FORWARD chain, <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:I </emphasis>indicates that marking should occur in
|
||
the INPUT chain (added in Shorewall 4.4.13), and <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:T</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur in
|
||
the POSTROUTING chain. If neither <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
|
||
nor <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> follow the mark value
|
||
then the chain is determined as follows:</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>- If the SOURCE is <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...],
|
||
then the rule is inserted into the OUTPUT chain. When
|
||
HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, only high mark values may be assigned
|
||
there. Packet marking rules for traffic shaping of packets
|
||
originating on the firewall must be coded in the POSTROUTING
|
||
chain (see below).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>- Otherwise, the chain is determined by the setting of
|
||
MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Please note that <emphasis role="bold">:I</emphasis> is
|
||
included for completeness and affects neither traffic shaping
|
||
nor policy routing.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If your kernel and iptables include CONNMARK support then
|
||
you can also mark the connection rather than the packet.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The mark range and optional mask can then followed by one
|
||
of:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the chain determined by the
|
||
setting of MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the FORWARD chain</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">CP</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the PREROUTING chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>CT</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the POSTROUTING chain</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>CI</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark the connection in the INPUT chain. This option
|
||
is included for completeness and has no applicability to
|
||
traffic shaping or policy routing.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A classification Id (classid) of the form
|
||
<emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> where
|
||
<emphasis>major</emphasis> and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are
|
||
integers. Corresponds to the 'class' specification in these
|
||
traffic shaping modules:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> atm
|
||
cbq
|
||
dsmark
|
||
pfifo_fast
|
||
htb
|
||
prio</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except when
|
||
the <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> is <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[:<emphasis>address</emphasis>] in
|
||
which case classification occurs in the OUTPUT chain.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When using Shorewall's built-in traffic shaping tool, the
|
||
<emphasis>major</emphasis> class is the device number (the first
|
||
device in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-tcdevices.html">shorewall-tcdevices</ulink>(5)
|
||
is major class 1, the second device is major class 2, and so on)
|
||
and the <emphasis>minor</emphasis> class is the class's MARK
|
||
value in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-tcclasses.html">shorewall-tcclasses</ulink>(5)
|
||
preceded by the number 1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class 11,
|
||
MARK 5 corresponds to minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds to
|
||
minor class 122, etc.).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.27, the classid may be
|
||
optionally followed by ':' and a capital letter designating the
|
||
chain where classification is to occur.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>F</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>FORWARD chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>T</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>POSTROUTING chain (default).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">CHECKSUM</emphasis></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.9. Compute and fill in the checksum
|
||
in a packet that lacks a checksum. This is particularly useful
|
||
if you need to work around old applications, such as dhcp
|
||
clients, that do not work well with checksum offloads, but you
|
||
don't want to disable checksum offload in your device.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Requires 'Checksum Target' support in your kernel and
|
||
iptables.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">[?]COMMENT</emphasis> -- the rest of
|
||
the line will be attached as a comment to the Netfilter rule(s)
|
||
generated by the following entries. The comment will appear
|
||
delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of <command>shorewall
|
||
show mangle</command></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>To stop the comment from being attached to further rules,
|
||
simply include COMMENT on a line by itself.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.11, ?COMMENT is a synonym
|
||
for COMMENT and is preferred.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis> Don't process
|
||
any more marking rules ‒in the table.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:F</emphasis>. Currently, CONTINUE may not be used
|
||
with <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see the SOURCE and DEST
|
||
columns below); that restriction will be removed when
|
||
iptables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">DIVERT</emphasis></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.4 and only available when FORMAT is
|
||
2. Two DIVERT rule should precede the TPROXY rule and should
|
||
select DEST PORT tcp 80 and SOURCE PORT tcp 80 respectively
|
||
(assuming that tcp port 80 is being proxied). DIVERT avoids
|
||
sending packets to the TPROXY target once a socket connection to
|
||
Squid3 has been established by TPROXY. DIVERT marks the packet
|
||
with a unique mark and exempts it from any rules that
|
||
follow.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">DROP</emphasis></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.21.4. Causes matching packets to be
|
||
discarded.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">DSCP</emphasis>(<replaceable>dscp</replaceable>)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1. Sets the
|
||
<firstterm>Differentiated Services Code Point</firstterm> field
|
||
in the IP header. The <replaceable>dscp</replaceable> value may
|
||
be given as an even number (hex or decimal) or as the name of a
|
||
DSCP class. Valid class names and their associated hex numeric
|
||
values are:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> CS0 => 0x00
|
||
CS1 => 0x08
|
||
CS2 => 0x10
|
||
CS3 => 0x18
|
||
CS4 => 0x20
|
||
CS5 => 0x28
|
||
CS6 => 0x30
|
||
CS7 => 0x38
|
||
BE => 0x00
|
||
AF11 => 0x0a
|
||
AF12 => 0x0c
|
||
AF13 => 0x0e
|
||
AF21 => 0x12
|
||
AF22 => 0x14
|
||
AF23 => 0x16
|
||
AF31 => 0x1a
|
||
AF32 => 0x1c
|
||
AF33 => 0x1e
|
||
AF41 => 0x22
|
||
AF42 => 0x24
|
||
AF43 => 0x26
|
||
EF => 0x2e</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>To indicate more than one class, add their hex values
|
||
together and specify the result.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>May be optionally followed by ':' and a capital letter
|
||
designating the chain where classification is to occur.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>F</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>FORWARD chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>T</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>POSTROUTING chain (default).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">IMQ</emphasis>(<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1. Specifies that the packet should
|
||
be passed to the IMQ identified by
|
||
<replaceable>number</replaceable>. Requires IMQ Target support
|
||
in your kernel and iptables.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">INLINE</emphasis>[(<replaceable>action</replaceable>)]</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.6.0. Allows you to place your own
|
||
ip[6]tables matches at the end of the line following a semicolon
|
||
(";"). If an <replaceable>action</replaceable> is specified, the
|
||
compiler procedes as if that <replaceable>action</replaceable>
|
||
had been specified in this column. If no action is specified,
|
||
then you may include your own jump ("-j
|
||
<replaceable>target</replaceable>
|
||
[<replaceable>option</replaceable>] ...") after any matches
|
||
specified at the end of the rule. If the target is not one known
|
||
to Shorewall, then it must be defined as a builtin action in
|
||
<ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-actions.html">shorewall-actions</ulink>
|
||
(5).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The following rules are equivalent:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>2:P eth0 - tcp 22
|
||
INLINE(2):P eth0 - tcp 22
|
||
INLINE(2):P eth0 - ; -p tcp
|
||
INLINE eth0 - tcp 22 ; -j MARK --set-mark 2
|
||
INLINE eth0 - ; -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 2
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>If INLINE_MATCHES=Yes in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf(5)</ulink>
|
||
then the third rule above can be specified as follows:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>2:P eth0 - ; -p tcp</programlisting>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">IPMARK</emphasis> ‒ Assigns a mark
|
||
to each matching packet based on the either the source or
|
||
destination IP address. By default, it assigns a mark value
|
||
equal to the low-order 8 bits of the source address. Default
|
||
values are:</para>
|
||
|
||
<simplelist>
|
||
<member>src</member>
|
||
|
||
<member><emphasis>mask1</emphasis> = 0xFF</member>
|
||
|
||
<member><emphasis>mask2</emphasis> = 0x00</member>
|
||
|
||
<member><emphasis>shift</emphasis> = 0</member>
|
||
</simplelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>'src' and 'dst' specify whether the mark is to be based on
|
||
the source or destination address respectively. The selected
|
||
address is first shifted to the right by
|
||
<emphasis>shift</emphasis> bits. The result is then LANDed with
|
||
<emphasis>mask1</emphasis> then LORed with
|
||
<emphasis>ma<emphasis>s</emphasis>k2</emphasis>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>In a sense, the IPMARK target is more like an IPCLASSIFY
|
||
target in that the mark value is later interpreted as a class
|
||
ID. A packet mark is 32 bits wide; so is a class ID. The
|
||
<major> class occupies the high-order 16 bits and the
|
||
<minor> class occupies the low-order 16 bits. So the class
|
||
ID 1:4ff (remember that class IDs are always in hex) is
|
||
equivalent to a mark value of 0x104ff. Remember that Shorewall
|
||
uses the interface number as the <major> number where the
|
||
first interface in tcdevices has <major> number 1, the
|
||
second has <major> number 2, and so on.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The IPMARK target assigns a mark to each matching packet
|
||
based on the either the source or destination IP address. By
|
||
default, it assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits
|
||
of the source address. The syntax is as follows:</para>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<para><option>IPMARK</option>[([{<option>src</option>|<option>dst</option>}][,[<replaceable>mask1</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>shift</replaceable>]]]])]</para>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<para>Default values are:</para>
|
||
|
||
<simplelist>
|
||
<member><option>src</option></member>
|
||
|
||
<member><replaceable>mask1</replaceable> = 0xFF</member>
|
||
|
||
<member><replaceable>mask2</replaceable> = 0x00</member>
|
||
|
||
<member><replaceable>shift</replaceable> = 0</member>
|
||
</simplelist>
|
||
|
||
<para><option>src</option> and <option>dst</option> specify
|
||
whether the mark is to be based on the source or destination
|
||
address respectively. The selected address is first shifted
|
||
right by <replaceable>shift</replaceable>, then LANDed with
|
||
<replaceable>mask1</replaceable> and then LORed with
|
||
<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>. The
|
||
<replaceable>shift</replaceable> argument is intended to be used
|
||
primarily with IPv6 addresses.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example:</para>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<para>IPMARK(src,0xff,0x10100)</para>
|
||
|
||
<simplelist>
|
||
<member>Suppose that the source IP address is 192.168.4.3 =
|
||
0xc0a80403; then</member>
|
||
|
||
<member>0xc0a80403 >> 0 = 0xc0a80403</member>
|
||
|
||
<member>0xc0a80403 LAND 0xFF = 0x03</member>
|
||
|
||
<member>0x03 LOR 0x0x10100 = 0x10103 or class ID
|
||
1:103</member>
|
||
</simplelist>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<para>It is important to realize that, while class IDs are
|
||
composed of a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
|
||
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> value, the set of values must
|
||
be unique. That is, the same numeric value cannot be used as
|
||
both a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
|
||
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> number for the same interface
|
||
unless class nesting occurs (which is not currently possible
|
||
with Shorewall). You should keep this in mind when deciding how
|
||
to map IP addresses to class IDs.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For example, suppose that your internal network is
|
||
192.168.1.0/29 (host IP addresses 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.6).
|
||
Your first notion might be to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10000) so as
|
||
to produce class IDs 1:1 through 1:6. But 1:1 is an invalid
|
||
class ID since the <replaceable>major</replaceable> and
|
||
<replaceable>minor</replaceable> classes are equal. So you might
|
||
choose instead to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10100) as in the example
|
||
above so that all of your <replaceable>minor</replaceable>
|
||
classes will have a value > 256.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] --
|
||
restore the packet's mark from the connection's mark using the
|
||
supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must include
|
||
CONNMARK support.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">SAME</emphasis> Some websites run
|
||
applications that require multiple connections from a client
|
||
browser. Where multiple 'balanced' providers are configured,
|
||
this can lead to problems when some of the connections are
|
||
routed through one provider and some through another. The SAME
|
||
target allows you to work around that problem. SAME may be used
|
||
in the PREROUTING and OUTPUT chains. When used in PREROUTING, it
|
||
causes matching connections from an individual local system to
|
||
all use the same provider. For example: <programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
|
||
# PORT(S)
|
||
SAME:P 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
|
||
If a host in 192.168.1.0/24 attempts a connection on TCP port 80
|
||
or 443 and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in the
|
||
last five minutes then the new connection will use the same
|
||
provider as the connection over which that last packet was
|
||
sent.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When used in the OUTPUT chain, it causes all matching
|
||
connections to an individual remote system to all use the same
|
||
provider. For example:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
|
||
# PORT(S)
|
||
SAME $FW 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
|
||
If the firewall attempts a connection on TCP port 80 or 443 and
|
||
it has sent a packet on either of those ports in the last five
|
||
minutes to the same remote system then the new connection will
|
||
use the same provider as the connection over which that last
|
||
packet was sent.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">SAVE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] -- save
|
||
the packet's mark to the connection's mark using the supplied
|
||
mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must include CONNMARK
|
||
support.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">TOS</emphasis>(<replaceable>tos</replaceable>[/<replaceable>mask</replaceable>])</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1. Sets the <firstterm>Type of
|
||
Service</firstterm> field in the IP header. The
|
||
<replaceable>tos</replaceable> value may be given as an number
|
||
(hex or decimal) or as the name of a TOS type. Valid type names
|
||
and their associated hex numeric values are:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Minimize-Delay => 0x10,
|
||
Maximize-Throughput => 0x08,
|
||
Maximize-Reliability => 0x04,
|
||
Minimize-Cost => 0x02,
|
||
Normal-Service => 0x00</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>To indicate more than one class, add their hex values
|
||
together and specify the result.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When <replaceable>tos</replaceable> is given as a number,
|
||
it may be optionally followed by '/' and a
|
||
<replaceable>mask</replaceable>. When no
|
||
<replaceable>mask</replaceable> is given, the value 0xff is
|
||
assumed. When <replaceable>tos</replaceable> is given as a type
|
||
name, the <replaceable>mask</replaceable> 0x3f is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The action performed is to zero out the bits specified by
|
||
the <replaceable>mask</replaceable>, then set the bits specified
|
||
by <replaceable>tos</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>May be optionally followed by ':' and a capital letter
|
||
designating the chain where classification is to occur.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>F</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>FORWARD chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>T</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>POSTROUTING chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">TPROXY</emphasis>(<replaceable>mark</replaceable>[,[<replaceable>port</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>address</replaceable>]]])
|
||
-- FORMAT 1</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Transparently redirects a packet without altering the IP
|
||
header. Requires a local provider to be defined in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>There are three parameters to TPROXY - only the first
|
||
(mark) is required:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><replaceable>mark</replaceable> - the MARK value
|
||
corresponding to the local provider in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><replaceable>port</replaceable> - the port on which
|
||
the proxy server is listening. If omitted, the original
|
||
destination port.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><replaceable>address</replaceable> - a local (to the
|
||
firewall) IP address on which the proxy server is listening.
|
||
If omitted, the IP address of the interface on which the
|
||
request arrives.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis
|
||
role="bold">TPROXY</emphasis>([<replaceable>port</replaceable>][,<replaceable>address</replaceable>])
|
||
-- FORMAT 2</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Transparently redirects a packet without altering the IP
|
||
header. Requires a tproxy provider to be defined in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-providers.html">shorewall-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>There are three parameters to TPROXY - neither is
|
||
required:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><replaceable>port</replaceable> - the port on which
|
||
the proxy server is listening. If omitted, the original
|
||
destination port.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><replaceable>address</replaceable> - a local (to the
|
||
firewall) IP address on which the proxy server is listening.
|
||
If omitted, the IP address of the interface on which the
|
||
request arrives.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">TTL</emphasis>([<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">+</emphasis>]<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.4.24.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Prior to Shorewall 4.5.7.2, may be optionally followed by
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis> but the resulting rule is
|
||
always added to the FORWARD chain. Beginning with Shorewall
|
||
4.5.7.s, it may be optionally followed by <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:P</emphasis>, in which case the rule is added to
|
||
the PREROUTING chain.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> is included, packets
|
||
matching the rule will have their TTL incremented by
|
||
<replaceable>number</replaceable>. Similarly, if <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis> is included, matching packets have
|
||
their TTL decremented by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. If
|
||
neither <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> nor <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis> is given, the TTL of matching packets
|
||
is set to <replaceable>number</replaceable>. The valid range of
|
||
values for <replaceable>number</replaceable> is 1-255.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}|[{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>May be:</para>
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>An interface name - matches traffic entering the firewall
|
||
on the specified interface. May not be used in classify rules or
|
||
in rules using the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or
|
||
MAC addresses. <emphasis role="bold">This form will not match
|
||
traffic that originates on the firewall itself unless either
|
||
<major><minor> or the :T chain qualifier is used in
|
||
the ACTION column.</emphasis></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Examples:<simplelist>
|
||
<member>0.0.0.0/0</member>
|
||
</simplelist></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><simplelist>
|
||
<member>192.168.1.0/24, 172.20.4.0/24</member>
|
||
</simplelist></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>An interface name followed by a colon (":") followed by a
|
||
comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or MAC
|
||
addresses. May not be used in classify rules or in rules using
|
||
the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>$FW optionally followed by a colon (":") and a
|
||
comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses. Matches
|
||
packets originating on the firewall. May not be used with a
|
||
chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the ACTION column.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>MAC addresses must be prefixed with "~" and use "-" as a
|
||
separator.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: ~00-A0-C9-15-39-78</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
|
||
through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">DEST</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|$FW}|[<emphasis>{interface</emphasis>|$FW}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>May be:</para>
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>An interface name. May not be used in the PREROUTING chain
|
||
(:P in the mark column or no chain qualifier and
|
||
MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall.conf">shorewall.conf</ulink> (5)). The
|
||
interface name may be optionally followed by a colon (":") and
|
||
an IP address list.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses.
|
||
The list may include ip address ranges if your kernel and
|
||
iptables include iprange support.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13, $FW may be specified by
|
||
itself or qualified by an address list. This causes marking to
|
||
occur in the INPUT chain.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
|
||
through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
|
||
url="/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">{tcp:syn</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">all}[,...]}</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Protocol - <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> requires
|
||
ipp2p match support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.12, this column can accept a
|
||
comma-separated list of protocols.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">PORT(S)</emphasis> (dport) - [<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
|
||
names (from services(5)), <emphasis>port number</emphasis>s or
|
||
<emphasis>port range</emphasis>s; if the protocol is <emphasis
|
||
role="bold">icmp</emphasis>, this column is interpreted as the
|
||
destination icmp-type(s). ICMP types may be specified as a numeric
|
||
type, a numeric type and code separated by a slash (e.g., 3/4), or a
|
||
typename. See <ulink
|
||
url="/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP</ulink>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the protocol is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>,
|
||
this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
|
||
"--" (example <emphasis role="bold">bit</emphasis> for bit-torrent).
|
||
If no PORT is given, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
||
icmp (1), tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if
|
||
any of the following field is supplied.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (sport) -
|
||
[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional source port(s). If omitted, any source port is
|
||
acceptable. Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port
|
||
numbers or port ranges.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
||
tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if any of
|
||
the following fields is supplied.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.15, you may place '=' in this
|
||
column, provided that the DEST PORT(S) column is non-empty. This
|
||
causes the rule to match when either the source port or the
|
||
destination port in a packet matches one of the ports specified in
|
||
DEST PORTS(S). Use of '=' requires multi-port match in your iptables
|
||
and kernel.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">USER</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>This optional column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is
|
||
the firewall itself.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
|
||
program generating the output is running under the effective
|
||
<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
|
||
specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Examples:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>joe</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>program must be run by joe</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>:kids</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
||
group</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>!:kids</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
||
group</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>+upnpd</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>#program named upnpd</para>
|
||
|
||
<important>
|
||
<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
|
||
Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
|
||
</important>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">TEST</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional - Defines a test on the existing packet or connection
|
||
mark. The rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
|
||
anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>!</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
|
||
mark's value is tested.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">LENGTH</emphasis> -
|
||
[<emphasis>length</emphasis>|[<emphasis>min</emphasis>]<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>max</emphasis>]]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional - packet payload length. This field, if present allow
|
||
you to match the length of a packet payload (Layer 4 data ) against
|
||
a specific value or range of values. You must have iptables length
|
||
support for this to work. A range is specified in the form
|
||
<emphasis>min</emphasis>:<emphasis>max</emphasis> where either
|
||
<emphasis>min</emphasis> or <emphasis>max</emphasis> (but not both)
|
||
may be omitted. If <emphasis>min</emphasis> is omitted, then 0 is
|
||
assumed; if <emphasis>max</emphasis> is omitted, than any packet
|
||
that is <emphasis>min</emphasis> or longer will match.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">TOS</emphasis> -
|
||
<emphasis>tos</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
|
||
match.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Delay</emphasis> (16)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Throughput</emphasis> (8)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Reliability</emphasis> (4)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Cost</emphasis> (2)
|
||
<emphasis role="bold">Normal-Service</emphasis> (0)</programlisting>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">CONNBYTES</emphasis> -
|
||
[!]<emphasis>min</emphasis>:[<emphasis>max</emphasis>[:{<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">O</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">R</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">B</emphasis>}[:{<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">B</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">A</emphasis>}]]]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Optional connection Bytes; defines a byte or packet range that
|
||
the connection must fall within in order for the rule to
|
||
match.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>A packet matches if the the packet/byte count is within the
|
||
range defined by <emphasis>min</emphasis> and
|
||
<emphasis>max</emphasis> (unless ! is given in which case, a packet
|
||
matches if the packet/byte count is not within the range).
|
||
<emphasis>min</emphasis> is an integer which defines the beginning
|
||
of the byte/packet range. <emphasis>max</emphasis> is an integer
|
||
which defines the end of the byte/packet range; if omitted, only the
|
||
beginning of the range is checked. The first letter gives the
|
||
direction which the range refers to:<blockquote>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">O</emphasis> - The original
|
||
direction of the connection.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>- The opposite direction from the original
|
||
connection.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - The total of both
|
||
directions.</para>
|
||
</blockquote></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The second letter determines what the range refers
|
||
to.<blockquote>
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - Bytes</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis> - Packets</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis role="bold">A</emphasis> - Average packet
|
||
size.</para>
|
||
</blockquote>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
||
assumed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">HELPER -
|
||
</emphasis><emphasis>helper</emphasis></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Names a Netfilter protocol <firstterm>helper</firstterm>
|
||
module such as <option>ftp</option>, <option>sip</option>,
|
||
<option>amanda</option>, etc. A packet will match if it was accepted
|
||
by the named helper module.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: Mark all FTP data connections with mark
|
||
4:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER
|
||
# PORT(S)
|
||
4:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 TCP - - - - - - - ftp</programlisting></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROBABILITY</emphasis> -
|
||
[<replaceable>probability</replaceable>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.0. When non-empty, requires the
|
||
<firstterm>Statistics Match</firstterm> capability in your kernel
|
||
and ip6tables and causes the rule to match randomly but with the
|
||
given <replaceable>probability</replaceable>. The
|
||
<replaceable>probability</replaceable> is a number 0 <
|
||
<replaceable>probability</replaceable> <= 1 and may be expressed
|
||
at up to 8 decimal points of precision.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">DSCP -</emphasis>
|
||
[[!]<replaceable>dscp</replaceable>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1. When non-empty, match packets whose
|
||
<firstterm>Differentiated Service Code Point</firstterm> field
|
||
matches the supplied value (when '!' is given, the rule matches
|
||
packets whose DSCP field does not match the supplied value). The
|
||
<replaceable>dscp</replaceable> value may be given as an even number
|
||
(hex or decimal) or as the name of a DSCP class. Valid class names
|
||
and their associated hex numeric values are:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> CS0 => 0x00
|
||
CS1 => 0x08
|
||
CS2 => 0x10
|
||
CS3 => 0x18
|
||
CS4 => 0x20
|
||
CS5 => 0x28
|
||
CS6 => 0x30
|
||
CS7 => 0x38
|
||
BE => 0x00
|
||
AF11 => 0x0a
|
||
AF12 => 0x0c
|
||
AF13 => 0x0e
|
||
AF21 => 0x12
|
||
AF22 => 0x14
|
||
AF23 => 0x16
|
||
AF31 => 0x1a
|
||
AF32 => 0x1c
|
||
AF33 => 0x1e
|
||
AF41 => 0x22
|
||
AF42 => 0x24
|
||
AF43 => 0x26
|
||
EF => 0x2e</programlisting>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><emphasis role="bold">STATE</emphasis> -- {<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">NEW</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">RELATED</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">ESTABLISHED</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
||
role="bold">INVALID</emphasis>} [,...]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.9. The rule will only match if the
|
||
packet's connection is in one of the listed states.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Example</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Example 1:</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer
|
||
to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
|
||
the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
|
||
are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
|
||
packets are determined to match.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting> #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST
|
||
# PORT(S)
|
||
1:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-request
|
||
1:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp echo-reply
|
||
RESTORE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - 0
|
||
CONTINUE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0
|
||
4:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ipp2p:all
|
||
SAVE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 all - - - !0</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>If a packet hasn't been classified (packet mark is 0), copy
|
||
the connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set,
|
||
we're done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the
|
||
packet mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Example 2:</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>SNAT outgoing connections on eth0 from 192.168.1.0/24 in
|
||
round-robin fashion between addresses 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.3, and 1.1.1.9
|
||
(Shorewall 4.5.9 and later).</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>/etc/shorewall/tcrules:
|
||
|
||
#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST
|
||
# PORT(S)
|
||
1-3:CF 192.168.1.0/24 eth0 ; state=NEW
|
||
|
||
/etc/shorewall/masq:
|
||
|
||
#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS ...
|
||
eth0 192.168.1.0/24 1.1.1.1 ; mark=1:C
|
||
eth0 192.168.1.0/24 1.1.1.3 ; mark=2:C
|
||
eth0 192.168.1.0/24 1.1.1.4 ; mark=3:C</programlisting>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>FILES</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>/etc/shorewall/tcrules</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="/traffic_shaping.htm">http://www.shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="/MultiISP.html">http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="/PacketMarking.html">http://www.shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para><ulink
|
||
url="/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
|
||
shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-ecn(5), shorewall-exclusion(5),
|
||
shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5),
|
||
shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5),
|
||
shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5),
|
||
shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-rtrules(5),
|
||
shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5),
|
||
shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5),
|
||
shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
</refentry>
|