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657 lines
26 KiB
XML
657 lines
26 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>shorewall-masq</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>masq</refname>
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<refpurpose>Shorewall Masquerade/SNAT definition file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/etc/shorewall/masq</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Use this file to define dynamic NAT (Masquerading) and to define
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Source NAT (SNAT).</para>
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<warning>
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<para>The entries in this file are order-sensitive. The first entry that
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matches a particular connection will be the one that is used.</para>
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</warning>
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<warning>
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<para>If you have more than one ISP link, adding entries to this file
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will <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> force connections to go out
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through a particular link. You must use entries in <ulink
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url="shorewall-rtrules.html">shorewall-rtrules</ulink>(5) or PREROUTING
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entries in <ulink
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url="shorewall-tcrules.html">shorewall-tcrules</ulink>(5) to do
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that.</para>
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</warning>
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<para>The columns in the file are as follows.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">INTERFACE:DEST</emphasis> - {[<emphasis
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role="bold">+</emphasis>]<emphasis>interfacelist</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>digit</emphasis>]][<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>dest-address</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>dest-address</emphasis>]...[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]]|COMMENT}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Outgoing <emphasis>interfacelist</emphasis>. This may be a
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comma-separated list of interface names. This is usually your
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internet interface. If ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes in <ulink
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url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5), you may add ":"
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and a <emphasis>digit</emphasis> to indicate that you want the alias
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added with that name (e.g., eth0:0). This will allow the alias to be
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displayed with ifconfig. <emphasis role="bold">That is the only use
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for the alias name; it may not appear in any other place in your
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Shorewall configuratio</emphasis>n.</para>
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<para>Each interface must match an entry in <ulink
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url="shorewall-interfaces.html">shorewall-interfaces</ulink>(5).
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Shorewall allows loose matches to wildcard entries in <ulink
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url="shorewall-interfaces.html">shorewall-interfaces</ulink>(5). For
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example, <filename class="devicefile">ppp0</filename> in this file
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will match a <ulink
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url="shorewall-interfaces.html">shorewall-interfaces</ulink>(5)
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entry that defines <filename
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class="devicefile">ppp+</filename>.</para>
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<para>Where <ulink
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url="http://www.shorewall.net/4.4/MultiISP.html#Shared">more that
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one internet provider share a single interface</ulink>, the provider
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is specified by including the provider name or number in
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parentheses:</para>
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<programlisting> eth0(Avvanta)</programlisting>
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<para>In that case, you will want to specify the interfaces's
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address for that provider in the ADDRESS column.</para>
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<para>The interface may be qualified by adding the character ":"
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followed by a comma-separated list of destination host or subnet
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addresses to indicate that you only want to change the source IP
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address for packets being sent to those particular destinations.
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Exclusion is allowed (see <ulink
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url="shorewall-exclusion.html">shorewall-exclusion</ulink>(5)) as
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are ipset names preceded by a plus sign '+';</para>
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<para>If you wish to inhibit the action of ADD_SNAT_ALIASES for this
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entry then include the ":" but omit the digit:</para>
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<programlisting> eth0(Avvanta):
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eth2::192.0.2.32/27</programlisting>
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<para>Normally Masq/SNAT rules are evaluated after those for
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one-to-one NAT (defined in <ulink
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url="shorewall-nat.html">shorewall-nat</ulink>(5)). If you want the
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rule to be applied before one-to-one NAT rules, prefix the interface
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name with "+":</para>
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<programlisting> +eth0
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+eth0:192.0.2.32/27
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+eth0:2</programlisting>
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<para>This feature should only be required if you need to insert
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rules in this file that preempt entries in <ulink
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url="shorewall-nat.html">shorewall-nat</ulink>(5).</para>
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<para>Comments may be attached to Netfilter rules generated from
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entries in this file through the use of COMMENT lines. These lines
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begin with the word COMMENT; the remainder of the line is treated as
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a comment which is attached to subsequent rules until another
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COMMENT line is found or until the end of the file is reached. To
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stop adding comments to rules, use a line with only the word
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COMMENT.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> (Formerly called SUBNET)
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-
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{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis>address</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>][<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set of hosts that you wish to masquerade. You can specify this
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as an <emphasis>address</emphasis> (net or host) or as an
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<emphasis>interface</emphasis> (use of an
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<emphasis>interface</emphasis> is deprecated). If you give the name
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of an interface, the interface must be up before you start the
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firewall and the Shorewall rules compiler will warn you of that
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fact. (Shorewall will use your main routing table to determine the
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appropriate addresses to masquerade).</para>
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<para>The preferred way to specify the SOURCE is to supply one or
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more host or network addresses separated by comma. You may use ipset
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names preceded by a plus sign (+) to specify a set of hosts.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">ADDRESS</emphasis> (Optional) - [<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">NONAT</emphasis>|[<emphasis>address-or-address-range</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address-or-address-range</emphasis>]...][:<emphasis>lowport</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis><emphasis>highport</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:random</emphasis>][:persistent]|<emphasis
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role="bold">detect</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">random</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>If you specify an address here, SNAT will be used and this
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will be the source address. If ADD_SNAT_ALIASES is set to Yes or yes
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in <ulink url="shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5) then
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Shorewall will automatically add this address to the INTERFACE named
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in the first column.</para>
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<para>You may also specify a range of up to 256 IP addresses if you
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want the SNAT address to be assigned from that range in a
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round-robin fashion by connection. The range is specified by
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<emphasis>first.ip.in.range</emphasis>-<emphasis>last.ip.in.range</emphasis>.
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You may follow the port range with<emphasis role="bold">
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:random</emphasis> in which case assignment of ports from the list
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will be random. <emphasis role="bold">random</emphasis> may also be
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specified by itself in this column in which case random local port
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assignments are made for the outgoing connections.</para>
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<para>Example: 206.124.146.177-206.124.146.180</para>
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<para>You may follow the port range (or <emphasis
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role="bold">:random</emphasis>) with <emphasis
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role="bold">:persistent</emphasis>. This is only useful when an
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address range is specified and causes a client to be given the same
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source/destination IP pair. This feature replaces the SAME modifier
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which was removed from Shorewall in version 4.4.0. Unlike <emphasis
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role="bold">random</emphasis>, <emphasis
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role="bold">persistent</emphasis> may not be used by itself.</para>
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<para>You may also use the special value "detect" which causes
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Shorewall to determine the IP addresses configured on the interface
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named in the INTERFACES column and substitute them in this
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column.</para>
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<para>Finally, you may also specify a comma-separated list of ranges
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and/or addresses in this column.</para>
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<para>This column may not contain DNS Names.</para>
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<para>Normally, Netfilter will attempt to retain the source port
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number. You may cause netfilter to remap the source port by
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following an address or range (if any) by ":" and a port range with
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the format
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<emphasis>lowport</emphasis>-<emphasis>highport</emphasis>. If this
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is done, you must specify "tcp" or "udp" in the PROTO column.</para>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<programlisting> 192.0.2.4:5000-6000
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:4000-5000</programlisting>
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<para>If you simply place <emphasis role="bold">NONAT</emphasis> in
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this column, no rewriting of the source IP address or port number
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will be performed. This is useful if you want particular traffic to
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be exempt from the entries that follow in the file.</para>
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<para>If you want to leave this column empty but you need to specify
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the next column then place a hyphen ("-") here.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> (Optional) - {<emphasis
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role="bold">-</emphasis>|[!]<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|[!]<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>}</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>If you wish to restrict this entry to a particular protocol
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then enter the protocol name (from protocols(5)) or number
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here.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">PORT(S)</emphasis> (Optional) -
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[[!]<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>[,<emphasis>port-name-or-number</emphasis>]...]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>If the PROTO column specifies TCP (6), UDP (17), DCCP (33),
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SCTP (132) or UDPLITE (136) then you may list one or more port
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numbers (or names from services(5)) or port ranges separated by
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commas.</para>
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<para>Port ranges are of the form
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<emphasis>lowport</emphasis>:<emphasis>highport</emphasis>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">IPSEC</emphasis> (Optional) -
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[<emphasis>option</emphasis>[<emphasis
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role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>option</emphasis>]...]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>If you specify a value other than "-" in this column, you must
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be running kernel 2.6 and your kernel and iptables must include
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policy match support.</para>
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<para>Comma-separated list of options from the following. Only
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packets that will be encrypted via an SA that matches these options
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will have their source address changed.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">reqid=</emphasis><emphasis>number</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>where <emphasis>number</emphasis> is specified using
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setkey(8) using the 'unique:<emphasis>number</emphasis> option
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for the SPD level.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">spi=</emphasis><number></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>where <emphasis>number</emphasis> is the SPI of the SA
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used to encrypt/decrypt packets.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">proto=</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">ah</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">esp</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">ipcomp</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>IPSEC Encapsulation Protocol</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">mss=</emphasis><emphasis>number</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>sets the MSS field in TCP packets</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">mode=</emphasis><emphasis
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role="bold">transport</emphasis>|<emphasis
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role="bold">tunnel</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>IPSEC mode</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">tunnel-src=</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>only available with mode=tunnel</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">tunnel-dst=</emphasis><emphasis>address</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>only available with mode=tunnel</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">strict</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Means that packets must match all rules.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">next</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Separates rules; can only be used with strict</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">yes</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used by itself, causes all traffic that will be
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encrypted/encapsulated to match the rule.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">MARK</emphasis> - [<emphasis
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role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The
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rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
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<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
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anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>!</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
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mark's value is tested.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">USER/GROUP</emphasis> (Optional) -
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[<emphasis
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role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
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role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Only locally-generated connections will match if this column
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is non-empty.</para>
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<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule matches only if the
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program generating the output is running under the effective
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<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
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specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
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<para>Examples:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>joe</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must be run by joe</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>:kids</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>!:kids</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
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group</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>+upnpd</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>#program named upnpd</para>
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|
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<important>
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|
<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
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Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
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|
</important>
|
|
</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
|
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<term><emphasis role="bold">SWITCH -
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[!]<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></emphasis></term>
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|
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<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1 and allows enabling and disabling the
|
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rule without requiring <command>shorewall restart</command>.</para>
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|
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<para>The rule is enabled if the value stored in
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<filename>/proc/net/nf_condition/<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></filename>
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is 1. The rule is disabled if that file contains 0 (the default). If
|
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'!' is supplied, the test is inverted such that the rule is enabled
|
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if the file contains 0. <replaceable>switch-name</replaceable> must
|
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begin with a letter and be composed of letters, decimal digits,
|
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underscores or hyphens. Switch names must be 30 characters or less
|
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in length.</para>
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|
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<para>Switches are normally <emphasis role="bold">off</emphasis>. To
|
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turn a switch <emphasis role="bold">on</emphasis>:</para>
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|
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<simplelist>
|
|
<member><command>echo 1 >
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/proc/net/nf_condition/<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></command></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
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|
|
<para>To turn it <emphasis role="bold">off</emphasis> again:</para>
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|
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<simplelist>
|
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<member><command>echo 0 >
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/proc/net/nf_condition/<replaceable>switch-name</replaceable></command></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Switch settings are retained over <command>shorewall
|
|
restart</command>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">ORIGINAL DEST</emphasis> (origdest) -
|
|
[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>address</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address</emphasis>]...[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]|<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>(Optional) Added in Shorewall 4.5.6. This column may be
|
|
included and may contain one or more addresses (host or network)
|
|
separated by commas. Address ranges are not allowed. When this
|
|
column is supplied, rules are generated that require that the
|
|
original destination address matches one of the listed addresses. It
|
|
is useful for specifying that SNAT should occur only for connections
|
|
that were acted on by a DNAT when they entered the firewall.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 1:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>You have a simple masquerading setup where eth0 connects to a
|
|
DSL or cable modem and eth1 connects to your local network with
|
|
subnet 192.168.0.0/24.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Your entry in the file will be:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE SOURCE
|
|
eth0 192.168.0.0/24</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 2:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>You add a router to your local network to connect subnet
|
|
192.168.1.0/24 which you also want to masquerade. You then add a
|
|
second entry for eth0 to this file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE SOURCE
|
|
eth0 192.168.1.0/24</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 3:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>You have an IPSEC tunnel through ipsec0 and you want to
|
|
masquerade packets coming from 192.168.1.0/24 but only if these
|
|
packets are destined for hosts in 10.1.1.0/24:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE SOURCE
|
|
ipsec0:10.1.1.0/24 196.168.1.0/24</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 4:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>You want all outgoing traffic from 192.168.1.0/24 through eth0
|
|
to use source address 206.124.146.176 which is NOT the primary
|
|
address of eth0. You want 206.124.146.176 to be added to eth0 with
|
|
name eth0:0.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
|
|
eth0:0 192.168.1.0/24 206.124.146.176</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 5:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>You want all outgoing SMTP traffic entering the firewall from
|
|
172.20.1.0/29 to be sent from eth0 with source IP address
|
|
206.124.146.177. You want all other outgoing traffic from
|
|
172.20.1.0/29 to be sent from eth0 with source IP address
|
|
206.124.146.176.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS PROTO PORT(S)
|
|
eth0 172.20.1.0/29 206.124.146.177 tcp smtp
|
|
eth0 172.20.1.0/29 206.124.146.176</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>The order of the above two rules is significant!</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 6:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Connections leaving on eth0 and destined to any host defined
|
|
in the ipset <emphasis>myset</emphasis> should have the source IP
|
|
address changed to 206.124.146.177.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS
|
|
eth0:+myset[dst] - 206.124.146.177</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 7:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>SNAT outgoing connections on eth0 from 192.168.1.0/24 in
|
|
round-robin fashion between addresses 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.3, and 1.1.1.9
|
|
(Shorewall 4.5.9 and later).</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>/etc/shorewall/tcrules:
|
|
|
|
#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
1-3:CF 192.168.1.0/24 eth0 ; state=NEW
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/masq:
|
|
|
|
#INTERFACE SOURCE ADDRESS ...
|
|
eth0 192.168.1.0/24 1.1.1.1 ; mark=1:C
|
|
eth0 192.168.1.0/24 1.1.1.3 ; mark=2:C
|
|
eth0 192.168.1.0/24 1.1.1.4 ; mark=3:C</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall/masq</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
|
|
shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-exclusion(5), shorewall-hosts(5),
|
|
shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5), shorewall-maclist(5),
|
|
shorewall-nat(5), shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5),
|
|
shorewall-policy(5), shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5),
|
|
shorewall-rtrules(5), shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5),
|
|
shorewall.conf(5), shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5),
|
|
shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-tcrules(5), shorewall-tos(5),
|
|
shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|