pre- and post-snapshot hooks

* stack-based execution model, documented in documentation
* circbuf for capturing hook output
* built-in hooks for postgres and mysql
* refactor docs, too much info on the jobs page, too difficult
  to discover snapshotting & hooks

Co-authored-by: Ross Williams <ross@ross-williams.net>
Co-authored-by: Christian Schwarz <me@cschwarz.com>

fixes #74

daemon/hooks/hook_logging.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package hooks
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/zrepl/zrepl/logger"
+	"github.com/zrepl/zrepl/util/envconst"
+)
+
+type contextKey int
+
+const (
+	contextKeyLog contextKey = 0
+)
+
+type Logger = logger.Logger
+
+func WithLogger(ctx context.Context, log Logger) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, contextKeyLog, log)
+}
+
+func GetLogger(ctx context.Context) Logger { return getLogger(ctx) }
+
+func getLogger(ctx context.Context) Logger {
+	if log, ok := ctx.Value(contextKeyLog).(Logger); ok {
+		return log
+	}
+	return logger.NewNullLogger()
+}
+
+const MAX_HOOK_LOG_SIZE_DEFAULT int = 1 << 20
+
+type logWriter struct {
+	/*
+		Mutex prevents:
+			concurrent writes to buf, scanner in Write([]byte)
+			data race on scanner vs Write([]byte)
+				and concurrent write to buf (call to buf.Reset())
+				in Close()
+
+		(Also, Close() should generally block until any Write() call completes.)
+	*/
+	mtx     *sync.Mutex
+	buf     bytes.Buffer
+	scanner *bufio.Scanner
+	logger  Logger
+	level   logger.Level
+	field   string
+}
+
+func NewLogWriter(mtx *sync.Mutex, logger Logger, level logger.Level, field string) *logWriter {
+	w := new(logWriter)
+	w.mtx = mtx
+	w.scanner = bufio.NewScanner(&w.buf)
+	w.logger = logger
+	w.level = level
+	w.field = field
+	return w
+}
+
+func (w *logWriter) log(line string) {
+	w.logger.WithField(w.field, line).Log(w.level, "hook output")
+}
+
+func (w *logWriter) logUnreadBytes() error {
+	for w.scanner.Scan() {
+		w.log(w.scanner.Text())
+	}
+	if w.buf.Cap() > envconst.Int("ZREPL_MAX_HOOK_LOG_SIZE", MAX_HOOK_LOG_SIZE_DEFAULT) {
+		w.buf.Reset()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *logWriter) Write(in []byte) (int, error) {
+	w.mtx.Lock()
+	defer w.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	n, bufErr := w.buf.Write(in)
+	if bufErr != nil {
+		return n, bufErr
+	}
+
+	err := w.logUnreadBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return n, err
+	}
+	// Always reset the scanner for the next Write
+	w.scanner = bufio.NewScanner(&w.buf)
+
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (w *logWriter) Close() (err error) {
+	w.mtx.Lock()
+	defer w.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	return w.logUnreadBytes()
+}