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docs: add FreeBSD jail tutorial + reorg 'instalation' section

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.. _binary releases: https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl/releases
.. _installation: .. _installation_toc:
************
Installation Installation
============ ************
.. TIP:: .. TIP::
Note: check out the :ref:`tutorial` if you want a first impression of zrepl. Note: check out the :ref:`tutorial` if you want a first impression of zrepl.
User Privileges .. toctree::
---------------
It is possible to run zrepl as an unprivileged user in combination with installation/user-privileges
`ZFS delegation <https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/zfs-zfs-allow.html>`_. installation/packages
Also, there is the possibility to run it in a jail on FreeBSD by delegating a dataset to the jail. installation/apt-repos
However, until we get around documenting those setups, you will have to run zrepl as root or experiment yourself :) installation/compile-from-source
installation/freebsd-jail-with-iocage
Packages installation/what-next
--------
zrepl source releases are signed & tagged by the author in the git repository.
Your OS vendor may provide binary packages of zrepl through the package manager.
Additionally, `binary releases`_ are provided on GitHub.
The following list may be incomplete, feel free to submit a PR with an update:
.. list-table::
:header-rows: 1
* - OS / Distro
- Install Command
- Link
* - FreeBSD
- ``pkg install zrepl``
- `<https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/zrepl/>`_
* - MacOS
- ``brew install zrepl``
- Available on `homebrew <https://brew.sh>`_
* - Arch Linux
- ``yay install zrepl``
- Available on `AUR <https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zrepl>`_
* - Fedora
- ``dnf install zrepl``
- Available on `COPR <https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/poettlerric/zrepl/>`_
* - CentOS/RHEL
- ``yum install zrepl``
- Available on `COPR <https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/poettlerric/zrepl/>`_
* - Debian + Ubuntu
- ``apt install zrepl``
- APT repository config :ref:`see below <installation-apt-repos>`
* - OmniOS
- ``pkg install zrepl``
- Available since `r151030 <https://pkg.omniosce.org/r151030/extra/en/search.shtml?token=zrepl&action=Search>`_
* - Void Linux
- ``xbps-install zrepl``
- Available since `a88a2a4 <https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/a88a2a4d7bf56072dadf61ab56b8424e39155890>`_
* - Others
-
- Use `binary releases`_ or build from source.
.. _installation-apt-repos:
Debian / Ubuntu APT repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We maintain APT repositories for Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives.
The fingerprint of the signing key is ``E101 418F D3D6 FBCB 9D65 A62D 7086 99FC 5F2E BF16``.
It is available at `<https://zrepl.cschwarz.com/apt/apt-key.asc>`_ .
Please open an issue `in the packaging repository <https://github.com/zrepl/debian-binary-packaging>`_ if you encounter any issues with the repository.
The following snippet configure the repository for your Debian or Ubuntu release:
::
apt update && apt install curl gnupg lsb-release; \
ARCH="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; \
CODENAME="$(lsb_release -i -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') $(lsb_release -c -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"; \
echo "Using Distro and Codename: $CODENAME"; \
(curl https://zrepl.cschwarz.com/apt/apt-key.asc | apt-key add -) && \
(echo "deb [arch=$ARCH] https://zrepl.cschwarz.com/apt/$CODENAME main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zrepl.list) && \
apt update
.. NOTE::
Until zrepl reaches 1.0, all APT repositories will be updated to the latest zrepl release immediately.
This includes breaking changes between zrepl versions.
Use ``apt-mark hold zrepl`` to prevent upgrades of zrepl.
Compile From Source
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Producing a release requires **Go 1.11** or newer and **Python 3** + **pip3** + ``docs/requirements.txt`` for the Sphinx documentation.
A tutorial to install Go is available over at `golang.org <https://golang.org/doc/install>`_.
Python and pip3 should probably be installed via your distro's package manager.
Alternatively, you can use the Docker build process:
it is used to produce the official zrepl `binary releases`_
and serves as a reference for build dependencies and procedure:
::
git clone https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl.git && \
cd zrepl && \
sudo docker build -t zrepl_build -f build.Dockerfile . && \
sudo docker run -it --rm \
-v "${PWD}:/src" \
--user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" \
zrepl_build make release
Alternatively, you can install build dependencies on your local system and then build in your ``$GOPATH``:
::
mkdir -p "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/zrepl/zrepl"
git clone https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl.git "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/zrepl/zrepl"
cd "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/zrepl/zrepl"
python3 -m venv3
source venv3/bin/activate
./lazy.sh devsetup
make release
The Python venv is used for the documentation build dependencies.
If you just want to build the zrepl binary, leave it out and use `./lazy.sh godep` instead.
Either way, all build results are located in the ``artifacts/`` directory.
.. NOTE::
It is your job to install the appropriate binary in the zrepl users's ``$PATH``, e.g. ``/usr/local/bin/zrepl``.
Otherwise, the examples in the :ref:`tutorial` may need to be adjusted.
What next?
----------
Read the :ref:`configuration chapter<configuration_toc>` and then continue with the :ref:`usage chapter<usage>`.
**Reminder**: If you want a quick introduction, please read the :ref:`tutorial`.

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.. _installation-apt-repos:
Debian / Ubuntu APT repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We maintain APT repositories for Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives.
The fingerprint of the signing key is ``E101 418F D3D6 FBCB 9D65 A62D 7086 99FC 5F2E BF16``.
It is available at `<https://zrepl.cschwarz.com/apt/apt-key.asc>`_ .
Please open an issue `in the packaging repository <https://github.com/zrepl/debian-binary-packaging>`_ if you encounter any issues with the repository.
The following snippet configure the repository for your Debian or Ubuntu release:
::
apt update && apt install curl gnupg lsb-release; \
ARCH="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; \
CODENAME="$(lsb_release -i -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') $(lsb_release -c -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"; \
echo "Using Distro and Codename: $CODENAME"; \
(curl https://zrepl.cschwarz.com/apt/apt-key.asc | apt-key add -) && \
(echo "deb [arch=$ARCH] https://zrepl.cschwarz.com/apt/$CODENAME main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zrepl.list) && \
apt update
.. NOTE::
Until zrepl reaches 1.0, all APT repositories will be updated to the latest zrepl release immediately.
This includes breaking changes between zrepl versions.
Use ``apt-mark hold zrepl`` to prevent upgrades of zrepl.

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.. _binary releases: https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl/releases
.. _installation-compile-from-source:
Compile From Source
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Producing a release requires **Go 1.11** or newer and **Python 3** + **pip3** + ``docs/requirements.txt`` for the Sphinx documentation.
A tutorial to install Go is available over at `golang.org <https://golang.org/doc/install>`_.
Python and pip3 should probably be installed via your distro's package manager.
Alternatively, you can use the Docker build process:
it is used to produce the official zrepl `binary releases`_
and serves as a reference for build dependencies and procedure:
::
git clone https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl.git && \
cd zrepl && \
sudo docker build -t zrepl_build -f build.Dockerfile . && \
sudo docker run -it --rm \
-v "${PWD}:/src" \
--user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" \
zrepl_build make release
Alternatively, you can install build dependencies on your local system and then build in your ``$GOPATH``:
::
mkdir -p "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/zrepl/zrepl"
git clone https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl.git "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/zrepl/zrepl"
cd "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/zrepl/zrepl"
python3 -m venv3
source venv3/bin/activate
./lazy.sh devsetup
make release
The Python venv is used for the documentation build dependencies.
If you just want to build the zrepl binary, leave it out and use `./lazy.sh godep` instead.
Either way, all build results are located in the ``artifacts/`` directory.
.. NOTE::
It is your job to install the appropriate binary in the zrepl users's ``$PATH``, e.g. ``/usr/local/bin/zrepl``.
Otherwise, the examples in the :ref:`tutorial` may need to be adjusted.

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.. include:: ../global.rst.inc
.. _installation-freebsd-jail-with-iocage:
FreeBSD Jail With iocage
========================
This tutorial shows how zrepl can be installed on FreeBSD, or FreeNAS in a jail using iocage.
While this tutorial focuses on using iocage, much of the setup would be similar
using a different jail manager.
.. NOTE::
From a security perspective, just keep in mind that ``zfs send``/``recv`` was never designed with
jails in mind, an attacker could probably crash the receive-side kernel or worse induce stateful
damage to the receive-side pool if they were able to get access to the jail.
The jail doesn't provide security benefits, but only management ones.
Requirements
------------
A dataset that will be delegated to the jail needs to be created if one does not already exist.
For the tutorial ``tank/zrepl`` will be used.
.. code-block:: bash
zfs create -o mountpoint=none tank/zrepl
The only software requirements on the host system are ``iocage``, which can be installed
from ports or packages.
.. code-block:: bash
pkg install py37-iocage
.. NOTE::
By default ``iocage`` will "activate" on first use which will set up some defaults such as
which pool will be used. To activate ``iocage`` manually the ``iocage activate`` command can be used.
Jail Creation
-------------
There are two options for jail creation using FreeBSD.
1. Manually set up the jail from scratch
2. Create the jail using the ``zrepl`` plugin. On FreeNAS this is possible from the user interface using the community index.
Manual Jail
###########
Create a jail, using the same release as the host, called ``zrepl`` that will be automatically started at boot.
The jail will have ``tank/zrepl`` delegated into it.
.. code-block:: bash
iocage create --release "$(freebsd-version -k | cut -d '-' -f '1,2')" --name zrepl \
boot=on nat=1 \
jail_zfs=on \
jail_zfs_dataset=zrepl \
jail_zfs_mountpoint='none'
Enter the jail:
.. code-block:: bash
iocage console zrepl
Install ``zrepl``
.. code-block:: bash
pkg update && pkg upgrade
pkg install zrepl
Create the log file ``/var/log/zrepl.log``
.. code-block:: bash
touch /var/log/zrepl.log && service newsyslog restart
Tell syslogd to redirect facility local0 to the ``zrepl.log`` file:
.. code-block:: bash
service syslogd reload
Enable the zrepl daemon to start automatically at boot:
.. code-block:: bash
sysrc zrepl_enable="YES"
Plugin
######
When using the plugin, ``zrepl`` will be installed for you in a jail using the following ``iocage`` properties.
* ``nat=1``
* ``jail_zfs=on``
* ``jail_zfs_mountpoint=none``
Additionally the delegated dataset should be specified upon creation, and optionally start on boot can be set.
This can also be done from the FreeNAS webui.
.. code-block:: bash
fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ix-plugin-hub/iocage-plugin-index/master/zrepl.json -o /tmp/zrepl.json
iocage fetch -P /tmp/zrepl.json --name zrepl jail_zfs_dataset=zrepl boot=on
Configuration
-------------
Now ``zrepl`` can be configured.
Enter the jail.
.. code-block:: bash
iocage console zrepl
Modify the ``/usr/local/etc/zrepl/zrepl.yml`` configuration file.
.. TIP::
Note: check out the :ref:`tutorial` for examples of a ``sink`` job.
Now ``zrepl`` can be started.
.. code-block:: bash
service zrepl start
Summary
-------
Congratulations, you have a working jail!

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.. _installation-packages:
.. _binary releases: https://github.com/zrepl/zrepl/releases
Packages
--------
zrepl source releases are signed & tagged by the author in the git repository.
Your OS vendor may provide binary packages of zrepl through the package manager.
Additionally, `binary releases`_ are provided on GitHub.
The following list may be incomplete, feel free to submit a PR with an update:
.. list-table::
:header-rows: 1
* - OS / Distro
- Install Command
- Link
* - FreeBSD
- ``pkg install zrepl``
- `<https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/zrepl/>`_
:ref:`installation-freebsd-jail-with-iocage`
* - FreeNAS
-
- :ref:`installation-freebsd-jail-with-iocage`
* - MacOS
- ``brew install zrepl``
- Available on `homebrew <https://brew.sh>`_
* - Arch Linux
- ``yay install zrepl``
- Available on `AUR <https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zrepl>`_
* - Fedora
- ``dnf install zrepl``
- Available on `COPR <https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/poettlerric/zrepl/>`_
* - CentOS/RHEL
- ``yum install zrepl``
- Available on `COPR <https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/poettlerric/zrepl/>`_
* - Debian + Ubuntu
- ``apt install zrepl``
- APT repository config :ref:`see below <installation-apt-repos>`
* - OmniOS
- ``pkg install zrepl``
- Available since `r151030 <https://pkg.omniosce.org/r151030/extra/en/search.shtml?token=zrepl&action=Search>`_
* - Void Linux
- ``xbps-install zrepl``
- Available since `a88a2a4 <https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/commit/a88a2a4d7bf56072dadf61ab56b8424e39155890>`_
* - Others
-
- Use `binary releases`_ or build from source.

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.. _installation-user-privileges:
User Privileges
---------------
It is possible to run zrepl as an unprivileged user in combination with
`ZFS delegation <https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/zfs-zfs-allow.html>`_.
Also, there is the possibility to run it in a jail on FreeBSD by delegating a dataset to the jail.
.. TIP::
Note: check out the :ref:`installation-freebsd-jail-with-iocage` for FreeBSD jail setup instructions.

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.. _installation-what-next:
What next?
----------
Read the :ref:`configuration chapter<configuration_toc>` and then continue with the :ref:`usage chapter<usage>`.
**Reminder**: If you want a quick introduction, please read the :ref:`tutorial`.

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Install zrepl Install zrepl
------------- -------------
Follow the :ref:`OS-specific installation instructions <installation>` and come back here. Follow the :ref:`OS-specific installation instructions <installation_toc>` and come back here.
Generate TLS Certificates Generate TLS Certificates
------------------------- -------------------------