"""Parsing and processing of CLI input (args, auth credentials, files, stdin). """ import os import sys import re import errno import mimetypes import getpass from io import BytesIO from collections import namedtuple, Iterable # noinspection PyCompatibility from argparse import ArgumentParser, ArgumentTypeError, ArgumentError # TODO: Use MultiDict for headers once added to `requests`. # https://github.com/jkbrzt/httpie/issues/130 from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict from httpie.compat import OrderedDict, urlsplit, str, is_pypy, is_py27 from httpie.sessions import VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN from httpie.utils import load_json_preserve_order # ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." ) # URL_SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z][a-z0-9.+-]*://', re.IGNORECASE) HTTP_POST = 'POST' HTTP_GET = 'GET' HTTP = 'http://' HTTPS = 'https://' # Various separators used in args SEP_HEADERS = ':' SEP_CREDENTIALS = ':' SEP_PROXY = ':' SEP_DATA = '=' SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON = ':=' SEP_FILES = '@' SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE = '=@' SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE = ':=@' SEP_QUERY = '==' # Separators that become request data SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS = frozenset([ SEP_DATA, SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON, SEP_FILES, SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE, SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE ]) # Separators for items whose value is a filename to be embedded SEP_GROUP_DATA_EMBED_ITEMS = frozenset([ SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE, SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE, ]) # Separators for raw JSON items SEP_GROUP_RAW_JSON_ITEMS = frozenset([ SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON, SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE, ]) # Separators allowed in ITEM arguments SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS = frozenset([ SEP_HEADERS, SEP_QUERY, SEP_DATA, SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON, SEP_FILES, SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE, SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE, ]) # Output options OUT_REQ_HEAD = 'H' OUT_REQ_BODY = 'B' OUT_RESP_HEAD = 'h' OUT_RESP_BODY = 'b' OUTPUT_OPTIONS = frozenset([ OUT_REQ_HEAD, OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_RESP_HEAD, OUT_RESP_BODY ]) # Pretty PRETTY_MAP = { 'all': ['format', 'colors'], 'colors': ['colors'], 'format': ['format'], 'none': [] } PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY = object() # Defaults OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT = OUT_RESP_HEAD + OUT_RESP_BODY OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED = OUT_RESP_BODY class Parser(ArgumentParser): """Adds additional logic to `argparse.ArgumentParser`. Handles all input (CLI args, file args, stdin), applies defaults, and performs extra validation. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['add_help'] = False super(Parser, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # noinspection PyMethodOverriding def parse_args(self, env, args=None, namespace=None): self.env = env self.args, no_options = super(Parser, self)\ .parse_known_args(args, namespace) if self.args.debug: self.args.traceback = True # Arguments processing and environment setup. self._apply_no_options(no_options) self._apply_config() self._validate_download_options() self._setup_standard_streams() self._process_output_options() self._process_pretty_options() self._guess_method() self._parse_items() if not self.args.ignore_stdin and not env.stdin_isatty: self._body_from_file(self.env.stdin) if not URL_SCHEME_RE.match(self.args.url): scheme = HTTP # See if we're using curl style shorthand for localhost (:3000/foo) shorthand = re.match(r'^:(?!:)(\d*)(/?.*)$', self.args.url) if shorthand: port = shorthand.group(1) rest = shorthand.group(2) self.args.url = scheme + 'localhost' if port: self.args.url += ':' + port self.args.url += rest else: self.args.url = scheme + self.args.url self._process_auth() return self.args # noinspection PyShadowingBuiltins def _print_message(self, message, file=None): # Sneak in our stderr/stdout. file = { sys.stdout: self.env.stdout, sys.stderr: self.env.stderr, None: self.env.stderr }.get(file, file) if not hasattr(file, 'buffer') and isinstance(message, str): message = message.encode(self.env.stdout_encoding) super(Parser, self)._print_message(message, file) def _setup_standard_streams(self): """ Modify `env.stdout` and `env.stdout_isatty` based on args, if needed. """ if not self.env.stdout_isatty and self.args.output_file: self.error('Cannot use --output, -o with redirected output.') if self.args.download: # FIXME: Come up with a cleaner solution. if not self.env.stdout_isatty: # Use stdout as the download output file. self.args.output_file = self.env.stdout # With `--download`, we write everything that would normally go to # `stdout` to `stderr` instead. Let's replace the stream so that # we don't have to use many `if`s throughout the codebase. # The response body will be treated separately. self.env.stdout = self.env.stderr self.env.stdout_isatty = self.env.stderr_isatty elif self.args.output_file: # When not `--download`ing, then `--output` simply replaces # `stdout`. The file is opened for appending, which isn't what # we want in this case. self.args.output_file.seek(0) try: self.args.output_file.truncate() except IOError as e: if e.errno == errno.EINVAL: # E.g. /dev/null on Linux. pass else: raise self.env.stdout = self.args.output_file self.env.stdout_isatty = False def _apply_config(self): if (not self.args.json and self.env.config.implicit_content_type == 'form'): self.args.form = True def _process_auth(self): """ If only a username provided via --auth, then ask for a password. Or, take credentials from the URL, if provided. """ url = urlsplit(self.args.url) if self.args.auth: if not self.args.auth.has_password(): # Stdin already read (if not a tty) so it's save to prompt. if self.args.ignore_stdin: self.error('Unable to prompt for passwords because' ' --ignore-stdin is set.') self.args.auth.prompt_password(url.netloc) elif url.username is not None: # Handle http://username:password@hostname/ username = url.username password = url.password or '' self.args.auth = AuthCredentials( key=username, value=password, sep=SEP_CREDENTIALS, orig=SEP_CREDENTIALS.join([username, password]) ) def _apply_no_options(self, no_options): """For every `--no-OPTION` in `no_options`, set `args.OPTION` to its default value. This allows for un-setting of options, e.g., specified in config. """ invalid = [] for option in no_options: if not option.startswith('--no-'): invalid.append(option) continue # --no-option => --option inverted = '--' + option[5:] for action in self._actions: if inverted in action.option_strings: setattr(self.args, action.dest, action.default) break else: invalid.append(option) if invalid: msg = 'unrecognized arguments: %s' self.error(msg % ' '.join(invalid)) def _body_from_file(self, fd): """There can only be one source of request data. Bytes are always read. """ if self.args.data: self.error('Request body (from stdin or a file) and request ' 'data (key=value) cannot be mixed.') self.args.data = getattr(fd, 'buffer', fd).read() def _guess_method(self): """Set `args.method` if not specified to either POST or GET based on whether the request has data or not. """ if self.args.method is None: # Invoked as `http URL'. assert not self.args.items if not self.args.ignore_stdin and not self.env.stdin_isatty: self.args.method = HTTP_POST else: self.args.method = HTTP_GET # FIXME: False positive, e.g., "localhost" matches but is a valid URL. elif not re.match('^[a-zA-Z]+$', self.args.method): # Invoked as `http URL item+'. The URL is now in `args.method` # and the first ITEM is now incorrectly in `args.url`. try: # Parse the URL as an ITEM and store it as the first ITEM arg. self.args.items.insert(0, KeyValueArgType( *SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS).__call__(self.args.url)) except ArgumentTypeError as e: if self.args.traceback: raise self.error(e.args[0]) else: # Set the URL correctly self.args.url = self.args.method # Infer the method has_data = ( (not self.args.ignore_stdin and not self.env.stdin_isatty) or any(item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS for item in self.args.items) ) self.args.method = HTTP_POST if has_data else HTTP_GET def _parse_items(self): """Parse `args.items` into `args.headers`, `args.data`, `args.params`, and `args.files`. """ try: items = parse_items( items=self.args.items, data_class=ParamsDict if self.args.form else OrderedDict ) except ParseError as e: if self.args.traceback: raise self.error(e.args[0]) else: self.args.headers = items.headers self.args.data = items.data self.args.files = items.files self.args.params = items.params if self.args.files and not self.args.form: # `http url @/path/to/file` file_fields = list(self.args.files.keys()) if file_fields != ['']: self.error( 'Invalid file fields (perhaps you meant --form?): %s' % ','.join(file_fields)) fn, fd, ct = self.args.files[''] self.args.files = {} self._body_from_file(fd) if 'Content-Type' not in self.args.headers: content_type = get_content_type(fn) if content_type: self.args.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type def _process_output_options(self): """Apply defaults to output options, or validate the provided ones. The default output options are stdout-type-sensitive. """ if not self.args.output_options: self.args.output_options = ( OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT if self.env.stdout_isatty else OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED ) unknown_output_options = set(self.args.output_options) - OUTPUT_OPTIONS if unknown_output_options: self.error( 'Unknown output options: %s' % ','.join(unknown_output_options) ) if self.args.download and OUT_RESP_BODY in self.args.output_options: # Response body is always downloaded with --download and it goes # through a different routine, so we remove it. self.args.output_options = str( set(self.args.output_options) - set(OUT_RESP_BODY)) def _process_pretty_options(self): if self.args.prettify == PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY: self.args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[ 'all' if self.env.stdout_isatty else 'none'] elif (self.args.prettify and self.env.is_windows and self.args.output_file): self.error('Only terminal output can be colorized on Windows.') else: # noinspection PyTypeChecker self.args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[self.args.prettify] def _validate_download_options(self): if not self.args.download: if self.args.download_resume: self.error('--continue only works with --download') if self.args.download_resume and not ( self.args.download and self.args.output_file): self.error('--continue requires --output to be specified') class ParseError(Exception): pass class KeyValue(object): """Base key-value pair parsed from CLI.""" def __init__(self, key, value, sep, orig): self.key = key self.value = value self.sep = sep self.orig = orig def __eq__(self, other): return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__ def __repr__(self): return repr(self.__dict__) class SessionNameValidator(object): def __init__(self, error_message): self.error_message = error_message def __call__(self, value): # Session name can be a path or just a name. if (os.path.sep not in value and not VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN.search(value)): raise ArgumentError(None, self.error_message) return value class KeyValueArgType(object): """A key-value pair argument type used with `argparse`. Parses a key-value arg and constructs a `KeyValue` instance. Used for headers, form data, and other key-value pair types. """ key_value_class = KeyValue def __init__(self, *separators): self.separators = separators self.special_characters = set('\\') for separator in separators: self.special_characters.update(separator) def __call__(self, string): """Parse `string` and return `self.key_value_class()` instance. The best of `self.separators` is determined (first found, longest). Back slash escaped characters aren't considered as separators (or parts thereof). Literal back slash characters have to be escaped as well (r'\\'). """ class Escaped(str): """Represents an escaped character.""" def tokenize(string): """Tokenize `string`. There are only two token types - strings and escaped characters: tokenize(r'foo\=bar\\baz') => ['foo', Escaped('='), 'bar', Escaped('\\'), 'baz'] """ tokens = [''] characters = iter(string) for char in characters: if char == '\\': char = next(characters, '') if char not in self.special_characters: tokens[-1] += '\\' + char else: tokens.extend([Escaped(char), '']) else: tokens[-1] += char return tokens tokens = tokenize(string) # Sorting by length ensures that the longest one will be # chosen as it will overwrite any shorter ones starting # at the same position in the `found` dictionary. separators = sorted(self.separators, key=len) for i, token in enumerate(tokens): if isinstance(token, Escaped): continue found = {} for sep in separators: pos = token.find(sep) if pos != -1: found[pos] = sep if found: # Starting first, longest separator found. sep = found[min(found.keys())] key, value = token.split(sep, 1) # Any preceding tokens are part of the key. key = ''.join(tokens[:i]) + key # Any following tokens are part of the value. value += ''.join(tokens[i + 1:]) break else: raise ArgumentTypeError( u'"%s" is not a valid value' % string) return self.key_value_class( key=key, value=value, sep=sep, orig=string) class AuthCredentials(KeyValue): """Represents parsed credentials.""" def _getpass(self, prompt): # To allow mocking. return getpass.getpass(str(prompt)) def has_password(self): return self.value is not None def prompt_password(self, host): try: self.value = self._getpass( 'http: password for %s@%s: ' % (self.key, host)) except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt): sys.stderr.write('\n') sys.exit(0) class AuthCredentialsArgType(KeyValueArgType): """A key-value arg type that parses credentials.""" key_value_class = AuthCredentials def __call__(self, string): """Parse credentials from `string`. ("username" or "username:password"). """ try: return super(AuthCredentialsArgType, self).__call__(string) except ArgumentTypeError: # No password provided, will prompt for it later. return self.key_value_class( key=string, value=None, sep=SEP_CREDENTIALS, orig=string ) class RequestItemsDict(OrderedDict): """Multi-value dict for URL parameters and form data.""" if is_pypy and is_py27: # Manually set keys when initialized with an iterable as PyPy # doesn't call __setitem__ in such case (pypy3 does). def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], Iterable): super(RequestItemsDict, self).__init__(**kwargs) for k, v in args[0]: self[k] = v else: super(RequestItemsDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # noinspection PyMethodOverriding def __setitem__(self, key, value): """ If `key` is assigned more than once, `self[key]` holds a `list` of all the values. This allows having multiple fields with the same name in form data and URL params. """ assert not isinstance(value, list) if key not in self: super(RequestItemsDict, self).__setitem__(key, value) else: if not isinstance(self[key], list): super(RequestItemsDict, self).__setitem__(key, [self[key]]) self[key].append(value) class ParamsDict(RequestItemsDict): pass class DataDict(RequestItemsDict): def items(self): for key, values in super(RequestItemsDict, self).items(): if not isinstance(values, list): values = [values] for value in values: yield key, value RequestItems = namedtuple('RequestItems', ['headers', 'data', 'files', 'params']) def get_content_type(filename): """Get content type for a filename in format appropriate for Content-Type headers. """ mime, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename, strict=False) if mime: content_type = mime if encoding: content_type = '%s; charset=%s' % (mime, encoding) return content_type def parse_items(items, headers_class=CaseInsensitiveDict, data_class=OrderedDict, files_class=DataDict, params_class=ParamsDict): """Parse `KeyValue` `items` into `data`, `headers`, `files`, and `params`. """ headers = [] data = [] files = [] params = [] for item in items: value = item.value if item.sep == SEP_HEADERS: target = headers elif item.sep == SEP_QUERY: target = params elif item.sep == SEP_FILES: try: with open(os.path.expanduser(value), 'rb') as f: value = (os.path.basename(value), BytesIO(f.read()), get_content_type(value)) except IOError as e: raise ParseError('"%s": %s' % (item.orig, e)) target = files elif item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS: if item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_EMBED_ITEMS: try: with open(os.path.expanduser(value), 'rb') as f: value = f.read().decode('utf8') except IOError as e: raise ParseError('"%s": %s' % (item.orig, e)) except UnicodeDecodeError: raise ParseError( '"%s": cannot embed the content of "%s",' ' not a UTF8 or ASCII-encoded text file' % (item.orig, item.value) ) if item.sep in SEP_GROUP_RAW_JSON_ITEMS: try: value = load_json_preserve_order(value) except ValueError as e: raise ParseError('"%s": %s' % (item.orig, e)) target = data else: raise TypeError(item) target.append((item.key, value)) return RequestItems(headers_class(headers), data_class(data), files_class(files), params_class(params)) def readable_file_arg(filename): try: open(filename, 'rb') except IOError as ex: raise ArgumentTypeError('%s: %s' % (filename, ex.args[1])) return filename