forked from extern/httpie-cli
251 lines
12 KiB
ReStructuredText
251 lines
12 KiB
ReStructuredText
HTTPie: cURL for humans
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=======================
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**HTTPie is a CLI HTTP utility** built out of frustration with existing tools. The goal is to make CLI interaction with HTTP-based services as human-friendly as possible.
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HTTPie does so by providing an ``http`` command that allows for issuing arbitrary HTTP requests using a **simple and natural syntax** and displaying **colorized responses**:
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.. image:: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/raw/master/httpie.png
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:alt: HTTPie compared to cURL
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Under the hood, HTTPie uses the excellent `Requests <http://python-requests.org>`_ and `Pygments <http://pygments.org/>`_ Python libraries. Python 2.6+ is supported (including 3.x).
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Installation
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------------
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The latest **stable version** of HTTPie can always be installed (or updated to) via `pip <http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/index.html>`_::
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pip install -U httpie
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Or, you can install the **development version** directly from GitHub:
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.. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/jkbr/httpie.png
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:target: http://travis-ci.org/jkbr/httpie
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:alt: Build Status of the master branch
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::
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pip install -U https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/tarball/master
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There are packages available for `Ubuntu <http://packages.ubuntu.com/quantal/httpie>`_ and `Debian <http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/httpie>`_.
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Usage
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-----
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Hello world::
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http httpie.org
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Synopsis::
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http [flags] [METHOD] URL [items]
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There are four types of key-value pair items available:
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Headers (``Name:Value``)
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Arbitrary HTTP headers. The ``:`` character is used to separate a header's name from its value, e.g., ``X-API-Token:123``.
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Simple data fields (``field=value``)
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Data items are included in the request body. Depending on the ``Content-Type``, they are automatically serialized as a JSON ``Object`` (default) or ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` (the ``-f`` flag). Data items use ``=`` as the separator, e.g., ``hello=world``.
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Raw JSON fields (``field:=value``)
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This item type is needed when ``Content-Type`` is JSON and a field's value is a ``Boolean``, ``Number``, nested ``Object`` or an ``Array``, because simple data items are always serialized as ``String``. E.g. ``pies:=[1,2,3]``.
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File fields (``field@/path/to/file``)
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Only available with ``-f`` / ``--form``. Use ``@`` as the separator, e.g., ``screenshot@/path/to/file.png``. The presence of a file field results into a ``multipart/form-data`` request.
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Examples
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^^^^^^^^
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::
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http PATCH api.example.com/person/1 X-API-Token:123 name=John email=john@example.org age:=29
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The following request is issued::
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PATCH /person/1 HTTP/1.1
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User-Agent: HTTPie/0.1
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X-API-Token: 123
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Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
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{"name": "John", "email": "john@example.org", "age": 29}
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It can easily be changed to a **form** request using the ``-f`` (or ``--form``) flag, which produces::
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PATCH /person/1 HTTP/1.1
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User-Agent: HTTPie/0.1
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X-API-Token: 123
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8
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age=29&name=John&email=john%40example.org
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It is also possible to send ``multipart/form-data`` requests, i.e., to simulate a **file upload form** submission. It is done using the ``--form`` / ``-f`` flag and passing one or more file fields::
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http -f POST example.com/jobs name=John cv@~/Documents/cv.pdf
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The above will send the same request as if the following HTML form were submitted::
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<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="http://example.com/jobs">
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<input type="text" name="name" />
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<input type="file" name="cv" />
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</form>
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A whole request body can be passed in via **``stdin``** instead, in which case it will be used with no further processing::
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echo '{"name": "John"}' | http PATCH example.com/person/1 X-API-Token:123
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# Or:
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http POST example.com/person/1 X-API-Token:123 < person.json
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That can be used for **piping services together**. The following example ``GET``s JSON data from the Github API and ``POST``s it to httpbin.org::
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http -b GET https://api.github.com/repos/jkbr/httpie | http POST httpbin.org/post
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The above can be further simplified by omitting ``GET`` and ``POST`` because they are both default here. The first command has no request data, whereas the second one does via ``stdin``::
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http -b https://api.github.com/repos/jkbr/httpie | http httpbin.org/post
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An alternative to ``stdin`` is to pass a file name whose content will be used as the request body. It has the advantage that the ``Content-Type`` header will automatically be set to the appropriate value based on the filename extension (using the ``mimetypes`` module). Therefore, the following will request will send the verbatim contents of the file with ``Content-Type: application/xml``::
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http PUT httpbin.org/put @/data/file.xml
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Flags
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^^^^^
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Most of the flags mirror the arguments understood by ``requests.request``. See ``http -h`` for more details::
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$ http --help
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usage: http [-h] [--version] [--json | --form] [--traceback]
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[--pretty | --ugly]
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[--print OUTPUT_OPTIONS | --verbose | --headers | --body]
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[--style STYLE] [--auth AUTH] [--auth-type {basic,digest}]
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[--verify VERIFY] [--proxy PROXY] [--allow-redirects]
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[--timeout TIMEOUT]
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[METHOD] URL [ITEM [ITEM ...]]
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HTTPie - cURL for humans. <http://httpie.org>
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positional arguments:
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METHOD The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST,
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PUT, DELETE, PATCH, ...). If this argument is omitted,
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then HTTPie will guess the HTTP method. If there is
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some data to be sent, then it will be POST, otherwise
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GET.
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URL The protocol defaults to http:// if the URL does not
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include one.
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ITEM A key-value pair whose type is defined by the
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separator used. It can be an HTTP header
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(header:value), a data field to be used in the request
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body (field_name=value), a raw JSON data field
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(field_name:=value), or a file field
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(field_name@/path/to/file). You can use a backslash to
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escape a colliding separator in the field name.
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--version show program's version number and exit
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--json, -j (default) Data items from the command line are
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serialized as a JSON object. The Content-Type and
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Accept headers are set to application/json (if not
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specified).
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--form, -f Data items from the command line are serialized as
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form fields. The Content-Type is set to application/x
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-www-form-urlencoded (if not specified). The presence
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of any file fields results into a multipart/form-data
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request.
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--traceback Print exception traceback should one occur.
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--pretty If stdout is a terminal, the response is prettified by
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default (colorized and indented if it is JSON). This
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flag ensures prettifying even when stdout is
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redirected.
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--ugly, -u Do not prettify the response.
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--print OUTPUT_OPTIONS, -p OUTPUT_OPTIONS
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String specifying what should the output contain. "H"
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stands for the request headers and "B" for the request
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body. "h" stands for the response headers and "b" for
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response the body. Defaults to "hb" which means that
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the whole response (headers and body) is printed.
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--verbose, -v Print the whole request as well as the response.
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Shortcut for --print=HBhb.
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--headers, -t Print only the response headers. Shortcut for
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--print=h.
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--body, -b Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print=b.
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--style STYLE, -s STYLE
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Output coloring style, one of autumn, borland, bw,
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colorful, default, emacs, friendly, fruity, manni,
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monokai, murphy, native, pastie, perldoc, rrt,
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solarized, tango, trac, vim, vs. Defaults to
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solarized. For this option to work properly, please
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make sure that the $TERM environment variable is set
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to "xterm-256color" or similar (e.g., via `export TERM
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=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
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--auth AUTH, -a AUTH username:password. If the password is omitted (-a
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username), HTTPie will prompt for it.
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--auth-type {basic,digest}
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The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to
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"basic".
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--verify VERIFY Set to "no" to skip checking the host's SSL
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certificate. You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE
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file for private certs. You can also set the
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REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable. Defaults to
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"yes".
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--proxy PROXY String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy (e.g.
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http:foo.bar:3128).
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--allow-redirects Set this flag if full redirects are allowed (e.g. re-
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POST-ing of data at new ``Location``)
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--timeout TIMEOUT Float describes the timeout of the request (Use
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socket.setdefaulttimeout() as fallback).
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Contribute
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-----------
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`View contributors on GitHub <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/contributors>`_.
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If you have found a bug or have a feature request, the `issue tracker <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/issues?state=open>`_ is the place to start a discussion about it.
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To contribute code or documentation, please first browse the existing issues to see if the feature/bug has previously been discussed. Then fork `the repository <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie>`_, make changes in your develop branch and submit a pull request. Note: Pull requests with tests and documentation are 53.6% more awesome :)
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Before a pull requests is submitted, it's a good idea to run the existing suite of tests::
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python setup.py test
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`Tox <http://tox.testrun.org/>`_ can used to conveniently run tests in all of the `supported Python environments <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/blob/master/tox.ini>`_::
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# Install tox
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pip install tox
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# Run tests
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tox
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Changelog
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---------
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* `0.2.5dev <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.4...master>`_
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* `0.2.4 <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.2...0.2.4>`_ (2012-06-24)
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* Unicode characters in prettified JSON now don't get escaped to improve readability.
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* --auth now prompts for a password if only a username provided.
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* Added support for request payloads from a file path with automatic ``Content-Type`` (``http URL @/path``).
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* Fixed missing query string when displaing the request headers via ``--verbose``.
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* Fixed Content-Type for requests with no data.
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* `0.2.2 <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.1...0.2.2>`_ (2012-06-24)
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* The ``METHOD`` positional argument can now be omitted (defaults to ``GET``, or to ``POST`` with data).
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* Fixed --verbose --form.
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* Added support for `Tox <http://tox.testrun.org/>`_.
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* `0.2.1 <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.0...0.2.1>`_ (2012-06-13)
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* Added compatibility with ``requests-0.12.1``.
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* Dropped custom JSON and HTTP lexers in favor of the ones newly included in ``pygments-1.5``.
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* `0.2.0 <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.1.6...0.2.0>`_ (2012-04-25)
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* Added Python 3 support.
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* Added the ability to print the HTTP request as well as the response (see ``--print`` and ``--verbose``).
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* Added support for Digest authentication.
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* Added file upload support (``http -f POST file_field_name@/path/to/file``).
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* Improved syntax highlighting for JSON.
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* Added support for field name escaping.
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* Many bug fixes.
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* `0.1.6 <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.1.4...0.1.6>`_ (2012-03-04)
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