# Description
Closes#7273.
Also slightly edits/tidies up parser.rs.
# User-Facing Changes
`^` is now forbidden in `def` and `def-env` command names. EDIT: also
`alias`.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
Fix and Allow Number and Boolean type to be key in Yaml .
For example :
`"200 : " | from yaml` not allowed because of Number key type.
PR allow , we can use Boolean and Number for key.
For example :
`"true : false" | from yaml`
`"5050 : it is number" | from yaml`
Fixes#7222 .
# Description
* I was dismayed to discover recently that UnsupportedInput and
TypeMismatch are used *extremely* inconsistently across the codebase.
UnsupportedInput is sometimes used for input type-checks (as per the
name!!), but *also* used for argument type-checks. TypeMismatch is also
used for both.
I thus devised the following standard: input type-checking *only* uses
UnsupportedInput, and argument type-checking *only* uses TypeMismatch.
Moreover, to differentiate them, UnsupportedInput now has *two* error
arrows (spans), one pointing at the command and the other at the input
origin, while TypeMismatch only has the one (because the command should
always be nearby)
* In order to apply that standard, a very large number of
UnsupportedInput uses were changed so that the input's span could be
retrieved and delivered to it.
* Additionally, I noticed many places where **errors are not propagated
correctly**: there are lots of `match` sites which take a Value::Error,
then throw it away and replace it with a new Value::Error with
less/misleading information (such as reporting the error as an
"incorrect type"). I believe that the earliest errors are the most
important, and should always be propagated where possible.
* Also, to standardise one broad subset of UnsupportedInput error
messages, who all used slightly different wordings of "expected
`<type>`, got `<type>`", I created OnlySupportsThisInputType as a
variant of it.
* Finally, a bunch of error sites that had "repeated spans" - i.e. where
an error expected two spans, but `call.head` was given for both - were
fixed to use different spans.
# Example
BEFORE
```
〉20b | str starts-with 'a'
Error: nu:🐚:unsupported_input (link)
× Unsupported input
╭─[entry #31:1:1]
1 │ 20b | str starts-with 'a'
· ┬
· ╰── Input's type is filesize. This command only works with strings.
╰────
〉'a' | math cos
Error: nu:🐚:unsupported_input (link)
× Unsupported input
╭─[entry #33:1:1]
1 │ 'a' | math cos
· ─┬─
· ╰── Only numerical values are supported, input type: String
╰────
〉0x[12] | encode utf8
Error: nu:🐚:unsupported_input (link)
× Unsupported input
╭─[entry #38:1:1]
1 │ 0x[12] | encode utf8
· ───┬──
· ╰── non-string input
╰────
```
AFTER
```
〉20b | str starts-with 'a'
Error: nu:🐚:pipeline_mismatch (link)
× Pipeline mismatch.
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ 20b | str starts-with 'a'
· ┬ ───────┬───────
· │ ╰── only string input data is supported
· ╰── input type: filesize
╰────
〉'a' | math cos
Error: nu:🐚:pipeline_mismatch (link)
× Pipeline mismatch.
╭─[entry #2:1:1]
1 │ 'a' | math cos
· ─┬─ ────┬───
· │ ╰── only numeric input data is supported
· ╰── input type: string
╰────
〉0x[12] | encode utf8
Error: nu:🐚:pipeline_mismatch (link)
× Pipeline mismatch.
╭─[entry #3:1:1]
1 │ 0x[12] | encode utf8
· ───┬── ───┬──
· │ ╰── only string input data is supported
· ╰── input type: binary
╰────
```
# User-Facing Changes
Various error messages suddenly make more sense (i.e. have two arrows
instead of one).
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
This PR changes `to text` so that when given a `ListStream`, it streams
the incoming values instead of collecting them all first.
The easiest way to observe/verify this PR is to convert a list to a very
slow `ListStream` with `each`:
```bash
ls | get name | each {|n| sleep 1sec; $n} | to text
```
The `to text` output will appear 1 item at a time.
# Description
Prevent a situation where a `def` can't be run due to a poor choice of
name. Related: #6335. Hashtags, numbers and filesizes are no longer
allowed. `alias` check has been moved because previously `alias 123`
would be caught but `alias "123"` would be permitted.
# User-Facing Changes
Some definitions can no longer be made, but because they couldn't be run
previously anyway, it doesn't really matter.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Purely for consistency, various remaining instances of `$nothing`
(almost all of which were in test code) have been changed to `null`.
Now, the only place that refers to `$nothing` is the parser code which
implements it.
# User-Facing Changes
The default config.nu now uses `null` in certain places where it used
`$nothing`.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
This now works:
```
try { 'x' | math abs } catch { $in }
```
# User-Facing Changes
See above.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Fixes#5996
Just found a relative easy way to fix the issue
# User-Facing Changes
```
❯ open $nu.plugin-path | from nuon
Error:
× error when loading nuon text
╭─[entry #36:1:1]
1 │ open $nu.plugin-path | from nuon
· ────┬────
· ╰── could not load nuon text
╰────
Error:
× Error when loading
❯ open $nu.config-path | from nuon
Error:
× error when loading nuon text
╭─[entry #37:1:1]
1 │ open $nu.config-path | from nuon
· ────┬────
· ╰── could not load nuon text
╰────
Error:
× error when loading
```
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
`proptest` caught a failing test condition for `&&` as a literal string. It requires a quotation to be parsed correctly by current `from nuon`
https://github.com/nushell/nushell/actions/runs/3753242377/jobs/6376308675
The change in the parser that now returns an error was introduced by https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/7241
This in theory doesn't have to be an error (it is a diagnostic for nushell code) but it is probably better safe than sorry to require quotation here.
- Add a test for `&&` in `to nuon` from proptest fail
- Fix `to nuon` generating invalid `&&` literal
- Add a test for `,` in `to nuon`/`from nuon` cycle
- Bonus: should already be properly quoted
A follow-up to #7497. That change made it so that `get foo` would
eliminate non-record rows; I think that was an unintentional and
undesirable side-effect.
Before #7497:
```bash
〉[$nothing, { item: "foo" }] | get item
╭───┬─────╮
│ 0 │ │
│ 1 │ foo │
╰───┴─────╯
```
After #7497:
```bash
〉[$nothing, {item: "foo"}] | get item
╭───┬─────╮
│ 0 │ foo │
╰───┴─────╯
```
After this PR:
```bash
〉[$nothing, { item: "foo" }] | get item
╭───┬─────╮
│ 0 │ │
│ 1 │ foo │
╰───┴─────╯
```
cc: @merelymyself
# Description
Fixes#7494.
```
/home/gabriel/CodingProjects/nushell〉[[{foo: bar}]] | get foo 12/16/2022 12:31:17 PM
Error: nu::parser::not_found (link)
× Not found.
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ [[{foo: bar}]] | get foo
· ───────┬──────
· ╰── did not find anything under this name
╰────
```
# User-Facing Changes
cell paths no longer drill into nested tables.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
Change in `mkdir` `-s` flag to `-v` to be similar to other commands
# Description
Other commands like `rm`, `mv`, `cp` have a `-v` (`--verbose`) flag.
`mkdir` has a `-s` (`--show-created-paths`), but should be consistent
with other commands.
# User-Facing Changes
- flag `-s` replaced by `-v` in `mkdir` command.
# Tests + Formatting
```
> mkdir -v new_dir
╭───┬───────────────────────────────────╮
│ 0 │ C:\Users\ricardo.monteiro\new_dir │
╰───┴───────────────────────────────────╯
```
# Description
Fixes#6773.
```
/home/gabriel/CodingProjects/nushell〉ls -r 12/12/2022 02:57:35 PM
Error: nu::parser::unknown_flag (link)
× The `ls` command doesn't have flag `-r`.
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ ls -r
· ┬
· ╰── unknown flag
╰────
help: Available flags: --help(-h), --all(-a), --long(-l), --short-names(-s), --full-paths(-f), --du(-d), --directory(-D). Use `--help` for more information.
```
# User-Facing Changes
Different error for unknown flag.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
add input_output_types() to benchmark, cd and config reset commands
It's an update to https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/7320
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Fixes: #7404Fixes: #7402
## About change
In `eval_block`, all pipelines(or called statements?) result will be
printed except the last one, the last one is returned by `eval_block`
function.
So if we want to print the last statement in eval block, we just need to
print that value.
# User-Facing Changes
### for
```
❯ for _ in 1..2 { echo "a" }
a
a
```
### while
```
❯ mut x = 1; while $x < 3 { $x = $x + 1; echo bb; }
bb
bb
```
### loop
```
❯ mut total = 0; loop {
∙ if $total > 1 {
∙ break
∙ } else {
∙ $total += 1
∙ }
∙ echo 3
∙ }
3
3
```
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
This PR changes some commands that previously accepted row conditions
(like `$it > 5`) as parameter to accept closures instead. The reasons
are:
a) The commands would need to move into parser keywords in the future
while they feel more like commands to be implemented in Nushell code as
a part of standard library.
b) In scripts, it is useful to store the predicate condition in a
variable which you can't do with row conditions.
c) These commands are not used that often to benefit enough from the
shorter row condition syntax
# User-Facing Changes
The following commands now accept **closure** instead of a **row
condition**:
- `take until`
- `take while`
- `skip until`
- `skip while`
- `any`
- `all`
This is a part of an effort to move away from shape-directed parsing.
Related PR: https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/7365
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Fixes https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/6708
The error message of environment variable not found could change
depending on the `$env` content which can produce random failures on
different systems. This PR hopefully makes the tests more resilient.
# User-Facing Changes
None
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
This PR moves the `where` command to a parser keyword. While it still
uses the shape-directed parsing dictated by the signature, we're free to
change the parsing code now to a custom one once we remove the syntax
shapes.
As a side effect, the `where -b` flag was removed and its functionality
has moved to the new `filter` command.
Just FYI, other commands that take row conditions:
- `take until`
- `take while`
- `skip until`
- `skip while`
- `any`
- `all`
We can either move these to the parser as well or make them accept a
closure instead of row condition.
# User-Facing Changes
New `filter` command which replaces `where -b` functionality.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Address part of feature request #7337, add a small command `into
cellpath` to allow string -> cellpath auto-conversion, with this change,
we could run
```
let p = 'ls.use_ls_colors'
$env.config | upsert ($p | nito cellpath) false
```
<img width="710" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85712372/206782818-3024b34f-150b-482d-aebc-9426ef6a1cf9.png">
Note - This pr only covers `String` -> `CellPath`, any other conversions
should be considered as expected?
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- [x] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting
(`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
- [x] `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- [x] `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Adds improved errors for when a user uses a bashism that nu doesn't
support.
fixes#7237
Examples:
```
Error: nu::parser::shell_andand (link)
× The '&&' operator is not supported in Nushell
╭─[entry #1:1:1]
1 │ ls && ls
· ─┬
· ╰── instead of '&&', use ';' or 'and'
╰────
help: use ';' instead of the shell '&&', or 'and' instead of the boolean '&&'
```
```
Error: nu::parser::shell_oror (link)
× The '||' operator is not supported in Nushell
╭─[entry #8:1:1]
1 │ ls || ls
· ─┬
· ╰── instead of '||', use 'try' or 'or'
╰────
help: use 'try' instead of the shell '||', or 'or' instead of the boolean '||'
```
```
Error: nu::parser::shell_err (link)
× The '2>' shell operation is 'err>' in Nushell.
╭─[entry #9:1:1]
1 │ foo 2> bar.txt
· ─┬
· ╰── use 'err>' instead of '2>' in Nushell
╰────
```
```
Error: nu::parser::shell_outerr (link)
× The '2>&1' shell operation is 'out+err>' in Nushell.
╭─[entry #10:1:1]
1 │ foo 2>&1 bar.txt
· ──┬─
· ╰── use 'out+err>' instead of '2>&1' in Nushell
╰────
help: Nushell redirection will write all of stdout before stderr.
```
# User-Facing Changes
**BREAKING CHANGES**
This removes the `&&` and `||` operators. We previously supported by
`&&`/`and` and `||`/`or`. With this change, only `and` and `or` are
valid boolean operators.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
This fix changes pipelines to allow them to actually be empty. Mapping
over empty pipelines gives empty pipelines. Empty pipelines immediately
return `None` when iterated.
This removes a some of where `Span::new(0, 0)` was coming from, though
there are other cases where we still use it.
# User-Facing Changes
None
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Title.
# User-Facing Changes
Faster seq that works better with functions that take in `ListStream`s.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Try to fix#7347, this pr does not fix the error message to `upserting
beyond 1 + the list's length doesn't work,`, I feel this is still not
explicit or general engouh, if we want to change, what would be the best
message to be printed out ?
Add tests too
# User-Facing Changes
_(List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This helps
us keep track of breaking changes.)_
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- [x] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting
(`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
- [x] `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- [x] `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Closes#7110. ~~Note that unlike "real" `mut` vars, $env can be deeply
mutated via stuff like `$env.PYTHON_IO_ENCODING = utf8` or
`$env.config.history.max_size = 2000`. So, it's a slightly awkward
special case, arguably justifiable because of what $env represents (the
environment variables of your system, which is essentially "outside"
normal Nushell regulations).~~
EDIT: Now allows all `mut` vars to be deeply mutated using `=`, on
request.
# User-Facing Changes
See above.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Fixes: #7298
So `try .. catch` works better on external command failed.
# User-Facing Changes
```
try {nu --testbin fail} catch {print "fail"}
```
After this pr, it will output "fail"
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
Co-authored-by: JT <547158+jntrnr@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
* `-n`, `--natural` flag from `sort-by` is now on the plain `sort`.
* The `-i`, `-n` and `-r` flags now work with single record sorting
(formerly they didn't)
# User-Facing Changes
See above.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Closes: #6920
# User-Facing Changes
```
❯ "asdf" | save dump.rdb
Error:
× Destination file already exists
╭─[entry #21:1:1]
1 │ "asdf" | save dump.rdb
· ────┬───
· ╰── Destination file '/tmp/dump.rdb' already exists
╰────
help: you can use -f, --force to force overwriting the destination
```
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
chrono version update
# Description
upgrade chrono to 0.4.23
# Major Changes
If you're considering making any major change to nushell, before
starting work on it, seek feedback from regular contributors and get
approval for the idea from the core team either on
[Discord](https://discordapp.com/invite/NtAbbGn) or [GitHub
issue](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/new/choose).
Making sure we're all on board with the change saves everybody's time.
Thanks!
# Tests + Formatting
Make sure you've done the following, if applicable:
- Add tests that cover your changes (either in the command examples, the
crate/tests folder, or in the /tests folder)
- Try to think about corner cases and various ways how your changes
could break. Cover those in the tests
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D
clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're
using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace --features=extra` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
* Help us keep the docs up to date: If your PR affects the user
experience of Nushell (adding/removing a command, changing an
input/output type, etc.), make sure the changes are reflected in the
documentation (https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged.
Co-authored-by: Darren Schroeder <343840+fdncred@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
This makes the help messages cleaner for keyword-style arguments.
Before:
```
(optional) else_expression <Keyword([101, 108, 115, 101], Expression)>: expression or block to run if check fails
```
Now:
```
(optional) "else" + <expression>: expression or block to run if check fails
```
# User-Facing Changes
Changes how help is printed, so we use slightly different shape names
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
This adds `break`, `continue`, `return`, and `loop`.
* `break` - breaks out a loop
* `continue` - continues a loop at the next iteration
* `return` - early return from a function call
* `loop` - loop forever (until the loop hits a break)
Examples:
```
for i in 1..10 {
if $i == 5 {
continue
}
print $i
}
```
```
for i in 1..10 {
if $i == 5 {
break
}
print $i
}
```
```
def foo [x] {
if true {
return 2
}
$x
}
foo 100
```
```
loop { print "hello, forever" }
```
```
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] | each {|x|
if $x > 3 { break }
$x
}
```
# User-Facing Changes
Adds the above commands.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
A small follow-up to #7221. This changes the `catch` block from a block
to a closure, so that it can access the error returned from the `try`
block. This helps with a common scenario: "the `try` block failed, and I
want to log why it failed."
### Example
### Future Work
Nu's closure syntax is a little awkward here; it might be nicer to allow
something like `catch err { print $err }`. We discussed this on Discord
and it will require special parser code similar to what's already done
for `for`.
I'm not feeling confident enough in my parser knowledge to make that
change; I will spend some more time looking at the `for` code but I
doubt I will be able to implement anything in the next few days.
Volunteers welcome.
# Description
This adds `try` (with an optional `catch` piece). Much like other
languages, `try` will try to run a block. If the block fails to run
successfully, the optional `catch` block will run if it is available.
# User-Facing Changes
This adds the `try` command.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
This is a set of fixes to `err>` to make it work a bit more predictably.
I've also revised the tests, which accidentally tested the wrong thing
for redirection, but should be more correct now.
# User-Facing Changes
_(List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This helps
us keep track of breaking changes.)_
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
`uniq -i` does not convert output strings to lowercase.
Also, `uniq -i` did not ignore case in strings below the first level of
Tables and Records. Now all strings case are ignored for all children
Values for tables, Records, and List.
Fixes https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/7192
# Tests + Formatting
About the issue https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/7192, the
output will be:
```
〉[AAA BBB CCC] | uniq -i
╭───┬─────╮
│ 0 │ AAA │
│ 1 │ BBB │
│ 2 │ CCC │
╰───┴─────╯
```
About ignoring case for all children string, I expect this to be true:
```
([[origin, people];
[World, (
[[name, meal];
['Geremias', {plate: 'bitoque', carbs: 100}]
]
)],
[World, (
[[name, meal];
['Martin', {plate: 'bitoque', carbs: 100}]
]
)],
[World, (
[[name, meal];
['Geremias', {plate: 'Bitoque', carbs: 100}]
]
)],
] | uniq -i
) == ([[origin, people];
[World, (
[[name, meal];
['Geremias', {plate: 'bitoque', carbs: 100}]
]
)],
[World, (
[[name, meal];
['Martin', {plate: 'bitoque', carbs: 100}]
]
)]
])
```
# Description
While trying to add a new `uniq-by` command I refactored the `uniq`
command code to understand it and try to reuse. I think this is more
compact and easier to understand.
The part that I think it's a little confusing in this refactor is the
conditions inside `.filters()`, for example: `!flag_show_repeated ||
(value.1 > 1)`. I could use `if (flag_show_repeated) {value.1 > 1} else
{true}` but it is more verbose, what do you think?
PS: Not sure if you like this kind of PR, sorry if not.
# Tests + Formatting
I also added a test where the `uniq` has a table as input.
Fixes a two's complement underflow/overflow when given a negative arg.
Breaking change as it is throwing an error instead of most likely
returning most of the output.
Same behavior as #7184
# Tests + Formatting
+ 1 failure test
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
- Error on negative argument to `last`
- Add test for negative value in last
Follow-up for #7178
# User-Facing Changes
Breaking change:
even before #7178 `last` returned an empty `list<any>` when given
negative indices.
Now this is an
[error](https://docs.rs/nu-protocol/latest/nu_protocol/enum.ShellError.html#variant.NeedsPositiveValue)
Note:
In #7136 we are considering supporting negative indexing
# Tests + Formatting
+ 1 failure test
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
Closes: #6937
# User-Facing Changes
N/A
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D
clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're
using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace --features=extra` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
# Description
I noticed that some json values are not parsed at the top level, for
example: `null`, `true`, `false`. Although this is a valid json.
```
> "null" | from json
Error:
× Error while parsing JSON text
╭─[entry #12:1:1]
1 │ "null" | from json
· ────┬────
· ╰── error parsing JSON text
╰────
Error:
× Error while parsing JSON text
╭────
1 │ null
╰────
```
I tried to fix it and it seems to work fine.
# User-Facing Changes
It should give fewer errors.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D
clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're
using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace --features=extra` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
Co-authored-by: sholderbach <sholderbach@users.noreply.github.com>
# Description
BEFORE (notice Windows paths look wrong):
```
〉mv 8 9
Error:
× Destination file already exists
╭─[entry #22:1:1]
1 │ mv 8 9
· ┬
· ╰── you can use -f, --force to force overwriting the destination
╰────
〉mv d1 tmp
Error:
× Can't move "C:\\Users\\Leon\\TODO\\d1" to "C:\\Users\\Leon\\TODO\\tmp\\d1"
╭─[entry #19:1:1]
1 │ mv d1 tmp
· ─┬─
· ╰── Directory not empty
╰────
```
AFTER (full paths are now included in the arrows' messages to make lines
like `mv $foo` entirely unambiguous):
```
〉mv 8 9
Error:
× Destination file already exists
╭─[entry #4:1:1]
1 │ mv 8 9
· ┬
· ╰── Destination file 'C:\Users\Leon\TODO\tmp\9' already exists
╰────
help: you can use -f, --force to force overwriting the destination
〉mv d1 tmp
Error:
× Can't move 'C:\Users\Leon\TODO\d1' to 'C:\Users\Leon\TODO\tmp\d1'
╭─[entry #3:1:1]
1 │ mv d1 tmp
· ─┬─
· ╰── Directory 'C:\Users\Leon\TODO\tmp' is not empty
╰────
```
# User-Facing Changes
See above.
# Tests + Formatting
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D
clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're
using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace --features=extra` to check that all tests pass
# After Submitting
If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.
Following up on #7180 with some feature cleanup:
- Move the `database` feature from `plugin` to `default`
- Rename the `database` feature to `sqlite`
- Remove `--features=extra` from a lot of scripts etc.
- No need to specify this, the `extra` feature is now the same as the
default feature set
- Remove the now-redundant 2nd Ubuntu test run
This adds new pipeline connectors called out> and err> which redirect either stdout or stderr to a file. You can also use out+err> (or err+out>) to redirect both streams into a file.
Alters `all`, `any`, `each while`, `each`, `insert`, `par-each`, `reduce`, `update`, `upsert` and `where`,
so that their blocks take an optional parameter containing the index.
* add signature information when help on one command
* tell user that one command support operated on cell paths
Also, make type output to be more friendly, like `record<>` should just be `record`
And the same to `table<>`, which should be `table`
* simplify code
* don't show signatures for parser keyword
* update comment
* output arg syntax shape as type, so it's the same as describe command
* fix string when no positional args
* update signature body
* update
* add help signature test
* fix arg output format for composed data type like list or record
* fix clippy
* add comment
This adds support for (limited) mutable variables. Mutable variables are created with mut much the same way immutable variables are made with let.
Mutable variables allow mutation via the assignment operator (=).
❯ mut x = 100
❯ $x = 200
❯ print $x
200
Mutable variables are limited in that they're only tended to be used in the local code block. Trying to capture a local variable will result in an error:
❯ mut x = 123; {|| $x }
Error: nu::parser::expected_keyword (link)
× Capture of mutable variable.
The intent of this limitation is to reduce some of the issues with mutable variables in general: namely they make code that's harder to reason about. By reducing the scope that a mutable variable can be used it, we can help create local reasoning about them.
Mutation can occur with fields as well, as in this case:
❯ mut y = {abc: 123}
❯ $y.abc = 456
❯ $y
On a historical note: mutable variables are something that we resisted for quite a long time, leaning as much as we could on the functional style of pipelines and dataflow. That said, we've watched folks struggle to work with reduce as an approximation for patterns that would be trivial to express with local mutation. With that in mind, we're leaning towards the happy path.
* Fix ignore-errors for select
* fix Value::List match
* fix invalid rows
* add tests
* fix ListStream match
* add one more test for ListStream
* add more tests
* tweak words
* fix: fixcd
try to fix
Log: try to fix the bug with can enter a permisson error fold
* change wording
* fat
* fmt
Co-authored-by: Darren Schroeder <343840+fdncred@users.noreply.github.com>
* make format filesize more flexible
* make code simpler
* finish refactor on bytes commands
* finish refactor on str commands
* fimplify code
* rename from column_paths to cell_paths
* fix: ✨ "saner" default for mv
fixes#6747
As highlighted in the issue, the default behavior of nu currently
is to overwrite the destination file without notice.
This is not a "standard" expectation users that want this behavior
can create a dedicated alias.
* fix: 📝 edit the comment
* fix: ✨ updated the tests
* fix: 🚧 use --force for case test
* Remove unnecessary `#[allow]` annots
Reduce the number of lint exceptions that are not necessary with the
current state of the code (or more recent toolchain)
* Remove dead code from `FileStructure` in nu-command
* Replace `allow(unused)` with relevant feature switch
* Deal with `needless_collect` with annotations
* Change hack for needless_collect in `from json`
This change obviates the need for `allow(needless_collect)`
Removes a pessimistic allocation for empty strings, but increases
allocation size to `Value`
Probably not really worth it.
* Revert "Deal with `needless_collect` with annotations"
This reverts commit 05aca98445.
The previous state seems to better from a performance perspective as a
`Vec<String>` is lighter weight than `Vec<Value>`
* Filter out empty glob patterns
An empty argument to the "glob" command will now produce an empty result.
Working towards nushell/nushell#6653.
* Run `cargo fmt --all`
Just autoformatted the repo so that CI passes and we have a consistent code
format across modules.
* Treat empty glob argument as error
The glob command will now report an empty string argument as an error instead
of silently ignoring it.
See https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/6707#discussion_r993345013.
* Add tests for glob command
Two small tests for the glob command, one to check that the empty string errors
it, and another to sanity check the '*' glob, have been added.
* Rename glob sanity check star test
Co-authored-by: Kyle Anderson <kyle.anderson@uwaterloo.ca>
* remove export_env command
* remove several export env usage in test code
* adjust hiding relative test case
* fix clippy
* adjust tests
* update tests
* unignore these tests to expose ut failed
* using `use` instead of `overlay use` in some tests
* Revert "using `use` instead of `overlay use` in some tests"
This reverts commit 2ae24b24c3.
* Revert "adjust hiding relative test case"
This reverts commit 4369af6d05.
* Bring back module example
* Revert "update tests"
This reverts commit 6ae94ef513.
* Fix tests
* "Fix" a test
* Remove remaining deprecated env functionality
* Re-enable environment hiding for `hide`
To not break virtualenv since the overlay update is not merged yet
* Fix hiding env in `hide` and ignore some tests
Co-authored-by: kubouch <kubouch@gmail.com>
* Copy lev_distance.rs from the rust compiler
* Minor changes to code from rust compiler
* "Did you mean" suggestions: test instrumented to generate markdown report
* Did you mean suggestions: delete test instrumentation
* Fix tests
* Fix test
`foo` has a genuine match: `for`
* Improve tests
* default to if cellpath not found
* fmt
* add test
* fix test
* fix clippy
* move behaviour behind `-i` flag
* prevent any possibility of an unspanned error
* ignore all errors
* seperate testes
* fmt
* Add support for Arrow IPC file format
Add support for Arrow IPC file format to dataframes commands. Support
opening of Arrow IPC-format files with extension '.arrow' or '.ipc' in
the open-df command. Add a 'to arrow' command to write a dataframe to
Arrow IPC format.
* Add unit test for open-df on Arrow
* Add -t flag to open-df command
Add a `--type`/`-t` flag to the `open-df` command, to explicitly specify
the type of file being used. Allowed values are the same at the set of
allowed file extensions.
* Initialize join.rs as a copy of collect.rs
* Evolve StrCollect into StrJoin
* Replace 'str collect' with 'str join' everywhere
git ls-files | lines | par-each { |it| sed -i 's,str collect,str join,g' $it }
* Deprecate 'str collect'
* Revert "Deprecate 'str collect'"
This reverts commit 959d14203e.
* Change `str collect` help message to say that it is deprecated
We cannot remove `str collect` currently (i.e. via
`nu_protocol::ShellError::DeprecatedCommand` since a prominent project
uses the API:
b85542c31c/src/virtualenv/activation/nushell/activate.nu (L43)
Rename `all?`, `any?` and `empty?` to `all`, `any` and `is-empty` for sake of simplicity and consistency.
- More understandable for newcomers, that these commands are no special to others.
- `?` syntax did not really aprove readability. For me it made it worse.
- We can reserve `?` syntax for any other nushell feature.
* Add source-env test for dynamic path
* Use correct module ID for env overlay imports
* Remove parser check from "overlay list"
It would cause unnecessary errors from some inner scope if some
overlay module was also defined in some inner scope.
* Restore Cargo.lock back
* Remove comments
* add new function to remove data at a cellpath; allow reject to use cellpath
* add tests
* fmt
* fix clippt
* get it working properly with lists of records
* fix clippy, hopefully
* fix clippy, hopefully 2
* remove unnecessary FlatShape
* add proptest
* remove files that belonged in another PR
* more tests, more chars
* add exception for parser error unrelated ot PR
* start working on source-env
* WIP
* Get most tests working, still one to go
* Fix file-relative paths; Report parser error
* Fix merge conflicts; Restore source as deprecated
* Tests: Use source-env; Remove redundant tests
* Fmt
* Respect hidden env vars
* Fix file-relative eval for source-env
* Add file-relative eval to "overlay use"
* Use FILE_PWD only in source-env and "overlay use"
* Ignore new tests for now
This will be another issue
* Throw an error if setting FILE_PWD manually
* Fix source-related test failures
* Fix nu-check to respect FILE_PWD
* Fix corrupted spans in source-env shell errors
* Fix up some references to old source
* Remove deprecation message
* Re-introduce deleted tests
Co-authored-by: kubouch <kubouch@gmail.com>
* Test commands for proper names and search terms
Assert that the `Command.name()` is equal to `Signature.name`
Check that search terms are not just substrings of the command name as
they would not help finding the command.
* Clean up search terms
Remove redundant terms that just replicate the command name.
Try to eliminate substring between search terms, clean up where
necessary.
* Add decimals to int when using `into string --decimals`
* Add tests for `into string` when converting int with `--decimals`
* Apply formatting
* Merge `into_str` test files
* Comment out unused code and add TODOs
* Use decimal separator depending on system locale
* Add test helper to run closure in different locale
* Add tests for int-to-string conversion using different locales
* Add utils function to get system locale
* Add panic message when locking mutex fails
* Catch and resume panic later to prevent Mutex poisoning when test fails
* Move test to `nu-test-support` to keep `nu-utils` free of `nu-*` dependencies
See https://github.com/nushell/nushell/pull/6085#issuecomment-1193131694
* Rename test support fn `with_fake_locale` to `with_locale_override`
* Move `get_system_locale()` to `locale` module
* Allow overriding locale with special env variable (when not in release)
* Use special env var to override locale during testing
* Allow callback to return a value in `with_locale_override()`
* Allow multiple options in `nu!` macro
* Allow to set locale as `nu!` macro option
* Use new `locale` option of `nu!` macro instead of `with_locale_override`
Using the `locale` options does not lock the `LOCALE_OVERRIDE_MUTEX`
mutex in `nu-test-support::locale_override` but instead calls the `nu`
command directly with the `NU_LOCALE_OVERRIDE` environment variable.
This allows for parallel test excecution.
* Fix: Add option identifier for `cwd` in usage of `nu!` macro
* Rely on `Display` trait for formatting `nu!` macro command
- Removed the `DisplayPath` trait
- Implement `Display` for `AbsolutePath`, `RelativePath` and
`AbsoluteFile`
* Default to locale `en_US.UTF-8` for tests when using `nu!` macro
* Add doc comment to `nu!` macro
* Format code using `cargo fmt --all`
* Pass function directly instead of wrapping the call in a closure
https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#redundant_closure
* Pass function to `or_else()` instead of calling it inside `or()`
https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#or_fun_call
* Fix: Add option identifier for `cwd` in usage of `nu!` macro
