bump to 0.73 (#7542)

# Description

_(Thank you for improving Nushell. Please, check our [contributing
guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md) and talk to the core team before making major
changes.)_

_(Description of your pull request goes here. **Provide examples and/or
screenshots** if your changes affect the user experience.)_

# User-Facing Changes

_(List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This helps
us keep track of breaking changes.)_

# Tests + Formatting

Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.

Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:

- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass

# After Submitting

If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -12,3 +12,17 @@ rustflags = ["-C", "link-args=-stack:10000000", "-C", "target-feature=+crt-stati
 # set a 2 gb stack size (0x80000000 = 2147483648 bytes = 2 GB)
 # [target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
 # rustflags = ["-C", "link-args=-Wl,-stack_size,0x80000000"]
+
+# How to use mold in linux and mac
+
+# [target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
+# linker = "clang"
+# rustflags = ["-C", "link-arg=-fuse-ld=/usr/local/bin/mold"]
+
+# [target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
+# linker = "clang"
+# rustflags = ["-C", "link-arg=-fuse-ld=mold"]
+
+# [target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
+# linker = "clang"
+# rustflags = ["-C", "link-arg=-fuse-ld=mold"]

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
+
 # Description
 
-(description of your pull request here)
+_(Thank you for improving Nushell. Please, check our [contributing guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md) and talk to the core team before making major changes.)_
 
-# Tests
+_(Description of your pull request goes here. **Provide examples and/or screenshots** if your changes affect the user experience.)_
 
-Make sure you've done the following:
+# User-Facing Changes
 
-- [ ] Add tests that cover your changes, either in the command examples, the crate/tests folder, or in the /tests folder.
-- [ ] Try to think about corner cases and various ways how your changes could break. Cover them with tests.
-- [ ] If adding tests is not possible, please document in the PR body a minimal example with steps on how to reproduce so one can verify your change works.
+_(List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This helps us keep track of breaking changes.)_
+
+# Tests + Formatting
+
+Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.
 
 Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:
 
-- [ ] `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
-- [ ] `cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code style
-- [ ] `cargo test --workspace --features=extra` to check that all the tests pass
+- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo fmt --all` applies these changes)
+- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code style
+- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
 
-# Documentation
+# After Submitting
 
-- [ ] If your PR touches a user-facing nushell feature then make sure that there is an entry in the documentation (https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) for the feature, and update it if necessary.
+If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
+        # Pinning to Ubuntu 20.04 because building on newer Ubuntu versions causes linux-gnu
+        # builds to link against a too-new-for-many-Linux-installs glibc version. Consider
+        # revisiting this when 20.04 is closer to EOL (April 2025)
+        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-20.04]
         rust:
           - stable
 
@@ -20,32 +23,16 @@ jobs:
       NUSHELL_CARGO_TARGET: ci
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
-        # with:
-        #   profile: minimal
-        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-        #   override: true
-        #   components: rustfmt, clippy
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.3.4
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-        with:
-          key: "v2" # increment this to bust the cache if needed
-
-      - name: Rustfmt
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --all -- --check
+      - name: cargo fmt
+        run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
 
       - name: Clippy
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: clippy
-          args: --features=extra --workspace --exclude nu_plugin_* -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect
+        run: cargo clippy --workspace --exclude nu_plugin_* -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect
 
   nu-tests:
     env:
@@ -54,43 +41,32 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
-        style: [extra, default]
+        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-20.04]
+        style: [default, dataframe]
         rust:
           - stable
         include:
-          - style: extra
-            flags: "--features=extra"
           - style: default
             flags: ""
+          - style: dataframe
+            flags: "--features=dataframe"
         exclude:
+          # only test dataframes on Ubuntu (the fastest platform)
           - platform: windows-latest
-            style: default
+            style: dataframe
           - platform: macos-latest
-            style: default
+            style: dataframe
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
-        # with:
-        #   profile: minimal
-        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-        #   override: true
-
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-        with:
-          key: ${{ matrix.style }}v3 # increment this to bust the cache if needed
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.3.4
 
       - name: Tests
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: test
-          args: --workspace --profile ci --exclude nu_plugin_* ${{ matrix.flags }}
+        run: cargo test --workspace --profile ci --exclude nu_plugin_* ${{ matrix.flags }}
 
   python-virtualenv:
     env:
@@ -99,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        platform: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        platform: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest, windows-latest]
         rust:
           - stable
         py:
@@ -108,28 +84,16 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
-        # with:
-        #   profile: minimal
-        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-        #   override: true
-
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
-        with:
-          key: "2" # increment this to bust the cache if needed
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.3.4
 
       - name: Install Nushell
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path=. --profile ci --no-default-features
+        run: cargo install --locked --path=. --profile ci --no-default-features
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
 
@@ -152,31 +116,20 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
+        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-20.04]
         rust:
           - stable
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-        # makes ci use rust-toolchain.toml
-        # with:
-        #   profile: minimal
-        #   toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-        #   override: true
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.3.4
 
       - name: Clippy
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: clippy
-          args: --package nu_plugin_* ${{ matrix.flags }} -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect
+        run: cargo clippy --package nu_plugin_* ${{ matrix.flags }} -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect
 
       - name: Tests
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: test
-          args: --profile ci --package nu_plugin_*
+        run: cargo test --profile ci --package nu_plugin_*

.github/workflows/release-pkg.nu

@@ -6,6 +6,21 @@
 # REF:
 #   1. https://github.com/volks73/cargo-wix
 
+# Added 2022-11-29 when Windows packaging wouldn't work
+# because softprops/action-gh-release was broken
+# To run this manual for windows
+# let-env TARGET = 'x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
+# let-env TARGET_RUSTFLAGS = ''
+# let-env GITHUB_WORKSPACE = 'C:\Users\dschroeder\source\repos\forks\nushell'
+# Pass 1 let-env _EXTRA_ = 'bin'
+# Pass 2 let-env _EXTRA_ = 'msi'
+# make sure 7z.exe is in your path https://www.7-zip.org/download.html
+# make sure aria2c.exe is in your path https://github.com/aria2/aria2
+# make sure you have the wixtools installed https://wixtoolset.org/
+# set os below like this because it's what github's runner is named
+# let os = 'windows-latest'
+
+
 # The main binary file to be released
 let bin = 'nu'
 let os = $env.OS
@@ -16,8 +31,13 @@ let flags = $env.TARGET_RUSTFLAGS
 let dist = $'($env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE)/output'
 let version = (open Cargo.toml | get package.version)
 
+$'Debugging info:'
+print { version: $version, bin: $bin, os: $os, target: $target, src: $src, flags: $flags, dist: $dist }; hr-line -b
+
 # $env
 
+let USE_UBUNTU = 'ubuntu-20.04'
+
 $'(char nl)Packaging ($bin) v($version) for ($target) in ($src)...'; hr-line -b
 if not ('Cargo.lock' | path exists) { cargo generate-lockfile }
 
@@ -26,8 +46,9 @@ $'Start building ($bin)...'; hr-line
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Build for Ubuntu and macOS
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
-    if $os == 'ubuntu-latest' {
+if $os in [$USE_UBUNTU, 'macos-latest'] {
+    if $os == $USE_UBUNTU {
+        sudo apt update
         sudo apt-get install libxcb-composite0-dev -y
     }
     if $target == 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu' {
@@ -38,10 +59,14 @@ if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
         sudo apt-get install pkg-config gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf -y
         let-env CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNUEABIHF_LINKER = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc'
         cargo-build-nu $flags
+    } else if $target == 'riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu' {
+        sudo apt-get install gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu -y
+        let-env CARGO_TARGET_RISCV64GC_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER = 'riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc'
+        cargo-build-nu $flags
     } else {
         # musl-tools to fix 'Failed to find tool. Is `musl-gcc` installed?'
         # Actually just for x86_64-unknown-linux-musl target
-        if $os == 'ubuntu-latest' { sudo apt install musl-tools -y }
+        if $os == $USE_UBUNTU { sudo apt install musl-tools -y }
         cargo-build-nu $flags
     }
 }
@@ -51,9 +76,9 @@ if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if $os in ['windows-latest'] {
     if ($flags | str trim | is-empty) {
-        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=extra
+        cargo build --release --all --target $target
     } else {
-        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=extra $flags
+        cargo build --release --all --target $target $flags
     }
 }
 
@@ -88,21 +113,28 @@ if ($ver | str trim | is-empty) {
 # Create a release archive and send it to output for the following steps
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cd $dist; $'(char nl)Creating release archive...'; hr-line
-if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
+if $os in [$USE_UBUNTU, 'macos-latest'] {
 
-    $'(char nl)(ansi g)Archive contents:(ansi reset)'; hr-line; ls
+    let files = (ls | get name)
+    let dest = $'($bin)-($version)-($target)'
+    let archive = $'($dist)/($dest).tar.gz'
 
-    let archive = $'($dist)/($bin)-($version)-($target).tar.gz'
-    tar czf $archive *
+    mkdir $dest
+    $files | each {|it| mv $it $dest } | ignore
+
+    $'(char nl)(ansi g)Archive contents:(ansi reset)'; hr-line; ls $dest
+
+    tar -czf $archive $dest
     print $'archive: ---> ($archive)'; ls $archive
-    echo $'::set-output name=archive::($archive)'
+    # REF: https://github.blog/changelog/2022-10-11-github-actions-deprecating-save-state-and-set-output-commands/
+    echo $"archive=($archive)" | save --append $env.GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
 } else if $os == 'windows-latest' {
 
     let releaseStem = $'($bin)-($version)-($target)'
 
     $'(char nl)Download less related stuffs...'; hr-line
-    aria2c https://github.com/jftuga/less-Windows/releases/download/less-v590/less.exe -o less.exe
+    aria2c https://github.com/jftuga/less-Windows/releases/download/less-v608/less.exe -o less.exe
     aria2c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jftuga/less-Windows/master/LICENSE -o LICENSE-for-less.txt
 
     # Create Windows msi release package
@@ -115,7 +147,8 @@ if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
         cp -r $'($dist)/*' target/release/
         cargo install cargo-wix --version 0.3.3
         cargo wix --no-build --nocapture --package nu --output $wixRelease
-        echo $'::set-output name=archive::($wixRelease)'
+        print $'archive: ---> ($wixRelease)';
+        echo $"archive=($wixRelease)" | save --append $env.GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
     } else {
 
@@ -125,16 +158,16 @@ if $os in ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest'] {
         print $'archive: ---> ($archive)';
         let pkg = (ls -f $archive | get name)
         if not ($pkg | is-empty) {
-            echo $'::set-output name=archive::($pkg | get 0)'
+            echo $"archive=($pkg | get 0)" | save --append $env.GITHUB_OUTPUT
         }
     }
 }
 
 def 'cargo-build-nu' [ options: string ] {
     if ($options | str trim | is-empty) {
-        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=extra,static-link-openssl
+        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=static-link-openssl
     } else {
-        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=extra,static-link-openssl $options
+        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=static-link-openssl $options
     }
 }
 

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ jobs:
         - x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
         - aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
         - armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+        - riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
         extra: ['bin']
         include:
         - target: aarch64-apple-darwin
@@ -44,35 +45,37 @@ jobs:
           os: windows-latest
           target_rustflags: ''
         - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          os: ubuntu-latest
+          os: ubuntu-20.04
           target_rustflags: ''
         - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
-          os: ubuntu-latest
+          os: ubuntu-20.04
           target_rustflags: ''
         - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          os: ubuntu-latest
+          os: ubuntu-20.04
           target_rustflags: ''
         - target: armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
-          os: ubuntu-latest
+          os: ubuntu-20.04
+          target_rustflags: ''
+        - target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
+          os: ubuntu-20.04
           target_rustflags: ''
 
     runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3.1.0
 
-    - name: Install Rust Toolchain Components
-      uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1.0.6
-      with:
-        override: true
-        profile: minimal
-        toolchain: stable
-        target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+    - name: Update Rust Toolchain Target
+      run: |
+        echo "targets = ['${{matrix.target}}']" >> rust-toolchain.toml
+
+    - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
+      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.3.4
 
     - name: Setup Nushell
-      uses: hustcer/setup-nu@v2.1
+      uses: hustcer/setup-nu@v3
       with:
-        version: 0.69.1
+        version: 0.72.1
       env:
         GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # REF: https://github.com/marketplace/actions/gh-release
     - name: Publish Archive
-      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v0.1.13
       if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') }}
       with:
         draft: true

.gitignore

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ debian/nu/
 # VSCode's IDE items
 .vscode/*
 
+# Visual Studio Extension SourceGear Rust items
+VSWorkspaceSettings.json
+unstable_cargo_features.txt
+
 # Helix configuration folder
 .helix/*
 .helix

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,8 +1,23 @@
 # Contributing
 
-Welcome to Nushell!
+Welcome to Nushell and thank you for considering contributing!
 
-To get live support from the community see our [Discord](https://discordapp.com/invite/NtAbbGn), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/nu_shell) or file an issue or feature request here on [GitHub](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/new/choose)!
+## Review Process
+
+First of all, before diving into the code, if you want to create a new feature, change something significantly, and especially if the change is user-facing, it is a good practice to first get an approval from the core team before starting to work on it.
+This saves both your and our time if we realize the change needs to go another direction before spending time on it.
+So, please, reach out and tell us what you want to do.
+This will significantly increase the chance of your PR being accepted.
+
+The review process can be summarized as follows:
+1. You want to make some change to Nushell that is more involved than simple bug-fixing.
+2. Go to [Discord](https://discordapp.com/invite/NtAbbGn) or a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/new/choose) and chat with some core team members and/or other contributors about it.
+3. After getting a green light from the core team, implement the feature, open a pull request (PR) and write a concise but comprehensive description of the change.
+4. If your PR includes any use-facing features (such as adding a flag to a command), clearly list them in the PR description.
+5. Then, core team members and other regular contributors will review the PR and suggest changes.
+6. When we all agree, the PR will be merged.
+7. If your PR includes any user-facing features, make sure the changes are also reflected in [the documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the PR is merged.
+8. Congratulate yourself, you just improved Nushell! :-)
 
 ## Developing
 
@@ -16,6 +31,18 @@ cd nushell
 cargo build
 ```
 
+### Tests
+
+It is a good practice to cover your changes with a test. Also, try to think about corner cases and various ways how your changes could break. Cover those in the tests as well.
+
+Tests can be found in different places:
+* `/tests`
+* `src/tests`
+* command examples
+* crate-specific tests
+
+The most comprehensive test suite we have is the `nu-test-support` crate. For testing specific features, such as running Nushell in a REPL mode, we have so called "testbins". For simple tests, you can find `run_test()` and `fail_test()` functions.
+
 ### Useful Commands
 
 - Build and run Nushell:
@@ -24,21 +51,21 @@ cargo build
   cargo run
   ```
 
-- Build and run with extra features. Currently extra features include dataframes and sqlite database support.
+- Build and run with dataframe support.
   ```shell
-  cargo run --features=extra
+  cargo run --features=dataframe
   ```
 
 - Run Clippy on Nushell:
 
   ```shell
-  cargo clippy --workspace --features=extra -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect
+  cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A clippy::needless_collect
   ```
 
 - Run all tests:
 
   ```shell
-  cargo test --workspace --features=extra
+  cargo test --workspace
   ```
 
 - Run all tests for a specific command
@@ -64,11 +91,11 @@ cargo build
 - To view verbose logs when developing, enable the `trace` log level.
 
   ```shell
-  cargo run --release --features=extra -- --log-level trace
+  cargo run --release -- --log-level trace
   ```
 
 - To redirect trace logs to a file, enable the `--log-target file` switch.
   ```shell
-  cargo run --release --features=extra -- --log-level trace --log-target file
+  cargo run --release -- --log-level trace --log-target file
   open $"($nu.temp-path)/nu-($nu.pid).log"
   ```

Cargo.toml

@@ -10,10 +10,17 @@ license = "MIT"
 name = "nu"
 repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell"
 rust-version = "1.60"
-version = "0.70.0"
+version = "0.73.0"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
+[package.metadata.binstall]
+pkg-url = "{ repo }/releases/download/{ version }/{ name }-{ version }-{ target }.{ archive-format }"
+pkg-fmt = "tgz"
+
+[package.metadata.binstall.overrides.x86_64-pc-windows-msvc]
+pkg-fmt = "zip"
+
 [workspace]
 members = [
 	"crates/nu-cli",
@@ -32,27 +39,27 @@ members = [
 ]
 
 [dependencies]
-chrono = { version = "0.4.21", features = ["serde"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4.23", features = ["serde"] }
 crossterm = "0.24.0"
 ctrlc = "3.2.1"
 log = "0.4"
-miette = "5.1.0"
+miette = { version = "5.1.0", features = ["fancy-no-backtrace"] }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-cli = { path="./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-color-config = { path = "./crates/nu-color-config", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-command = { path="./crates/nu-command", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-engine = { path="./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-json = { path="./crates/nu-json", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path="./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-path = { path="./crates/nu-path", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin", optional = true, version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-pretty-hex = { path = "./crates/nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.70.0" }
-nu-table = { path = "./crates/nu-table", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-term-grid = { path = "./crates/nu-term-grid", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.70.0"  }
-reedline = { version = "0.13.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+nu-cli = { path="./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-color-config = { path = "./crates/nu-color-config", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-command = { path="./crates/nu-command", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path="./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-json = { path="./crates/nu-json", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-parser = { path="./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-path = { path="./crates/nu-path", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin", optional = true, version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-pretty-hex = { path = "./crates/nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.73.0" }
+nu-table = { path = "./crates/nu-table", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-term-grid = { path = "./crates/nu-term-grid", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.73.0"  }
+reedline = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
 
 rayon = "1.5.1"
 is_executable = "1.0.1"
@@ -69,11 +76,11 @@ signal-hook = { version = "0.3.14", default-features = false }
 winres = "0.1"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_family = "unix")'.dependencies]
-nix = "0.24"
+nix = { version = "0.25", default-features = false, features = ["signal", "process", "fs", "term"]}
 atty = "0.2"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path="./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.70.0"  }
+nu-test-support = { path="./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.73.0"  }
 tempfile = "3.2.0"
 assert_cmd = "2.0.2"
 pretty_assertions = "1.0.0"
@@ -84,10 +91,12 @@ itertools = "0.10.3"
 
 [features]
 plugin = ["nu-plugin", "nu-cli/plugin", "nu-parser/plugin", "nu-command/plugin", "nu-protocol/plugin", "nu-engine/plugin"]
-extra = ["default", "dataframe", "database"]
-default = ["plugin", "which-support", "trash-support"]
+# extra used to be more useful but now it's the same as default. Leaving it in for backcompat with existing build scripts
+extra = ["default"]
+default = ["plugin", "which-support", "trash-support", "sqlite"]
 stable = ["default"]
 wasi = []
+
 # Enable to statically link OpenSSL; otherwise the system version will be used. Not enabled by default because it takes a while to build
 static-link-openssl = ["dep:openssl"]
 
@@ -100,8 +109,8 @@ trash-support = ["nu-command/trash-support"]
 # Dataframe feature for nushell
 dataframe = ["nu-command/dataframe"]
 
-# Database commands for nushell
-database = ["nu-command/database"]
+# SQLite commands for nushell
+sqlite = ["nu-command/sqlite"]
 
 [profile.release]
 opt-level = "s" # Optimize for size

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Nushell <!-- omit in toc -->
 [![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/nu.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/nu)
-![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/nushell/nushell/continuous-integration)
+![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/nushell/nushell/ci.yml?branch=main)
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/601130461678272522.svg?logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NtAbbGn)
 [![The Changelog #363](https://img.shields.io/badge/The%20Changelog-%23363-61c192.svg)](https://changelog.com/podcast/363)
 [![@nu_shell](https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@nu_shell-1DA1F3?style=flat-square)](https://twitter.com/nu_shell)
@@ -126,12 +126,13 @@ For example, you can load a .toml file as structured data and explore it:
 > open Cargo.toml
 ╭──────────────────┬────────────────────╮
 │ bin              │ [table 1 row]      │
-│ dependencies     │ {record 24 fields} │
+│ dependencies     │ {record 25 fields} │
 │ dev-dependencies │ {record 8 fields}  │
 │ features         │ {record 10 fields} │
 │ package          │ {record 13 fields} │
+│ patch            │ {record 1 field}   │
 │ profile          │ {record 3 fields}  │
-│ target           │ {record 2 fields}  │
+│ target           │ {record 3 fields}  │
 │ workspace        │ {record 1 field}   │
 ╰──────────────────┴────────────────────╯
 ```
@@ -149,11 +150,11 @@ We can pipe this into a command that gets the contents of one of the columns:
 │ exclude       │ [list 1 item]                      │
 │ homepage      │ https://www.nushell.sh             │
 │ license       │ MIT                                │
+│ metadata      │ {record 1 field}                   │
 │ name          │ nu                                 │
-│ readme        │ README.md                          │
 │ repository    │ https://github.com/nushell/nushell │
 │ rust-version  │ 1.60                               │
-│ version       │ 0.63.1                             │
+│ version       │ 0.72.0                             │
 ╰───────────────┴────────────────────────────────────╯
 ```
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ And if needed we can drill down further:
 
 ```shell
 > open Cargo.toml | get package.version
-0.63.1
+0.72.0
 ```
 
 ### Plugins
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ Nu is under heavy development and will naturally change as it matures. The chart
 | Functions     |             |           |     |    X    |        | Functions and aliases are supported                                  |
 | Variables     |             |           |     |    X    |        | Nu supports variables and environment variables                      |
 | Completions   |             |           |     |    X    |        | Completions for filepaths                                            |
-| Type-checking |             |           |  X  |         |        | Commands check basic types, but input/output isn't checked           |
+| Type-checking |             |           |     |    x    |        | Commands check basic types, and input/output types                   |
 
 ## Officially Supported By
 

build-all-maclin.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
 
 echo "---------------------------------------------------------------"
-echo "Building nushell (nu) with --features=extra and all the plugins"
+echo "Building nushell (nu) with dataframes and all the plugins"
 echo "---------------------------------------------------------------"
 echo ""
 
@@ -14,10 +15,10 @@ NU_PLUGINS=(
 )
 
 echo "Building nushell"
-cargo build --features=extra
+cargo build --features=dataframe
 for plugin in "${NU_PLUGINS[@]}"
 do
-    echo '' && cd crates/$plugin
+    echo '' && cd crates/"$plugin"
     echo "Building $plugin..."
     echo "-----------------------------"
     cargo build && cd ../..

build-all-windows.cmd

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 @echo off
 @echo -------------------------------------------------------------------
-@echo Building nushell (nu.exe) with --features=extra and all the plugins
+@echo Building nushell (nu.exe) with dataframes and all the plugins
 @echo -------------------------------------------------------------------
 @echo.
 
 echo Building nushell.exe
-cargo build --features=extra
+cargo build cargo build --features=dataframe
 @echo.
 
 @cd crates\nu_plugin_example

build-all.nu

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 echo '-------------------------------------------------------------------'
-echo 'Building nushell (nu) with --features=extra and all the plugins'
+echo 'Building nushell (nu) with dataframes and all the plugins'
 echo '-------------------------------------------------------------------'
 
 echo $'(char nl)Building nushell'
 echo '----------------------------'
-cargo build --features=extra
+cargo build --features=dataframe
 
 let plugins = [
     nu_plugin_inc,

crates/nu-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,34 +5,33 @@ repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-cli"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cli"
-version = "0.70.0"
+version = "0.73.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.70.0" }
+nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.73.0" }
 rstest = {version = "0.15.0", default-features = false}
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.70.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.73.0"  }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.70.0"  }
-reedline = { version = "0.13.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.73.0"  }
+reedline = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
 
 atty = "0.2.14"
-chrono = "0.4.21"
+chrono = { default-features = false, features = ["std"], version = "0.4.23" }
 crossterm = "0.24.0"
 fancy-regex = "0.10.0"
 fuzzy-matcher = "0.3.7"
 is_executable = "1.0.1"
-lazy_static = "1.4.0"
+once_cell = "1.16.0"
 log = "0.4"
-miette = { version = "5.1.0", features = ["fancy"] }
+miette = { version = "5.1.0", features = ["fancy-no-backtrace"] }
 percent-encoding = "2"
-strip-ansi-escapes = "0.1.1"
 sysinfo = "0.26.2"
 thiserror = "1.0.31"
 

crates/nu-cli/src/commands.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_commands(
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     input: PipelineData,
-    is_perf_true: bool,
     table_mode: Option<Value>,
 ) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
     // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
@@ -68,9 +67,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_commands(
         }
     };
 
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!("evaluate {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-    }
 
     Ok(exit_code)
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/command_completions.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
                                         .matches_str(&x.to_string_lossy(), prefix)),
                                     Some(true)
                                 )
-                                && is_executable::is_executable(&item.path())
+                                && is_executable::is_executable(item.path())
                             {
                                 if let Ok(name) = item.file_name().into_string() {
                                     executables.push(name);
@@ -94,10 +94,7 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
                 value: String::from_utf8_lossy(&x.0).to_string(),
                 description: x.1,
                 extra: None,
-                span: reedline::Span {
-                    start: span.start - offset,
-                    end: span.end - offset,
-                },
+                span: reedline::Span::new(span.start - offset, span.end - offset),
                 append_whitespace: true,
             });
 
@@ -108,10 +105,7 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
                 value: String::from_utf8_lossy(&x).to_string(),
                 description: None,
                 extra: None,
-                span: reedline::Span {
-                    start: span.start - offset,
-                    end: span.end - offset,
-                },
+                span: reedline::Span::new(span.start - offset, span.end - offset),
                 append_whitespace: true,
             });
 
@@ -128,15 +122,15 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
                     value: x,
                     description: None,
                     extra: None,
-                    span: reedline::Span {
-                        start: span.start - offset,
-                        end: span.end - offset,
-                    },
+                    span: reedline::Span::new(span.start - offset, span.end - offset),
                     append_whitespace: true,
                 });
 
+            let results_strings: Vec<String> =
+                results.clone().into_iter().map(|x| x.value).collect();
+
             for external in results_external {
-                if results.contains(&external) {
+                if results_strings.contains(&external.value) {
                     results.push(Suggestion {
                         value: format!("^{}", external.value),
                         description: None,
@@ -187,10 +181,7 @@ impl Completer for CommandCompletion {
         let subcommands = if let Some(last) = last {
             self.complete_commands(
                 working_set,
-                Span {
-                    start: last.0.start,
-                    end: pos,
-                },
+                Span::new(last.0.start, pos),
                 offset,
                 false,
                 options.match_algorithm,

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completer.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::completions::{
 use nu_engine::eval_block;
 use nu_parser::{flatten_expression, parse, FlatShape};
 use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::PipelineElement,
     engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
     BlockId, PipelineData, Span, Value,
 };
@@ -76,10 +77,7 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                     Value::List {
                         vals: spans
                             .iter()
-                            .map(|it| Value::String {
-                                val: it.to_string(),
-                                span: Span::unknown(),
-                            })
+                            .map(|it| Value::string(it, Span::unknown()))
                             .collect(),
                         span: Span::unknown(),
                     },
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ impl NuCompleter {
             &self.engine_state,
             &mut callee_stack,
             block,
-            PipelineData::new(span),
+            PipelineData::empty(),
             true,
             true,
         );
@@ -100,14 +98,8 @@ impl NuCompleter {
             Ok(pd) => {
                 let value = pd.into_value(span);
                 if let Value::List { vals, span: _ } = value {
-                    let result = map_value_completions(
-                        vals.iter(),
-                        Span {
-                            start: span.start,
-                            end: span.end,
-                        },
-                        offset,
-                    );
+                    let result =
+                        map_value_completions(vals.iter(), Span::new(span.start, span.end), offset);
 
                     return Some(result);
                 }
@@ -131,7 +123,12 @@ impl NuCompleter {
         let (output, _err) = parse(&mut working_set, Some("completer"), &new_line, false, &[]);
 
         for pipeline in output.pipelines.into_iter() {
-            for expr in pipeline.expressions {
+            for pipeline_element in pipeline.elements {
+                match pipeline_element {
+                    PipelineElement::Expression(_, expr)
+                    | PipelineElement::Redirection(_, _, expr)
+                    | PipelineElement::And(_, expr)
+                    | PipelineElement::Or(_, expr) => {
                         let flattened: Vec<_> = flatten_expression(&working_set, &expr);
                         let span_offset: usize = alias_offset.iter().sum();
                         let mut spans: Vec<String> = vec![];
@@ -159,15 +156,12 @@ impl NuCompleter {
 
                                 // Create a new span
                                 let new_span = if flat_idx == 0 {
-                            Span {
-                                start: flat.0.start,
-                                end: flat.0.end - 1 - span_offset,
-                            }
+                                    Span::new(flat.0.start, flat.0.end - 1 - span_offset)
                                 } else {
-                            Span {
-                                start: flat.0.start - span_offset,
-                                end: flat.0.end - 1 - span_offset,
-                            }
+                                    Span::new(
+                                        flat.0.start - span_offset,
+                                        flat.0.end - 1 - span_offset,
+                                    )
                                 };
 
                                 // Parses the prefix. Completion should look up to the cursor position, not after.
@@ -213,8 +207,8 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                                     // We got no results for internal completion
                                     // now we can check if external completer is set and use it
                                     if let Some(block_id) = config.external_completer {
-                                if let Some(external_result) =
-                                    self.external_completion(block_id, &spans, offset, new_span)
+                                        if let Some(external_result) = self
+                                            .external_completion(block_id, &spans, offset, new_span)
                                         {
                                             return external_result;
                                         }
@@ -222,7 +216,9 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                                 }
 
                                 // specially check if it is currently empty - always complete commands
-                        if flat_idx == 0 && working_set.get_span_contents(new_span).is_empty() {
+                                if flat_idx == 0
+                                    && working_set.get_span_contents(new_span).is_empty()
+                                {
                                     let mut completer = CommandCompletion::new(
                                         self.engine_state.clone(),
                                         &working_set,
@@ -249,7 +245,8 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                                             working_set.get_span_contents(previous_expr.0).to_vec();
 
                                         // Completion for .nu files
-                                if prev_expr_str == b"use" || prev_expr_str == b"source-env" {
+                                        if prev_expr_str == b"use" || prev_expr_str == b"source-env"
+                                        {
                                             let mut completer =
                                                 DotNuCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
 
@@ -310,7 +307,8 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                                         );
                                     }
                                     FlatShape::Filepath | FlatShape::GlobPattern => {
-                                let mut completer = FileCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
+                                        let mut completer =
+                                            FileCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
 
                                         return self.process_completion(
                                             &mut completer,
@@ -346,15 +344,16 @@ impl NuCompleter {
 
                                         // Try to complete using an external completer (if set)
                                         if let Some(block_id) = config.external_completer {
-                                    if let Some(external_result) =
-                                        self.external_completion(block_id, &spans, offset, new_span)
-                                    {
+                                            if let Some(external_result) = self.external_completion(
+                                                block_id, &spans, offset, new_span,
+                                            ) {
                                                 return external_result;
                                             }
                                         }
 
                                         // Check for file completion
-                                let mut completer = FileCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
+                                        let mut completer =
+                                            FileCompletion::new(self.engine_state.clone());
                                         out = self.process_completion(
                                             &mut completer,
                                             &working_set,
@@ -373,6 +372,8 @@ impl NuCompleter {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        }
 
         vec![]
     }

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/custom_completions.rs

@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ impl Completer for CustomCompletion {
                 head: span,
                 arguments: vec![
                     Argument::Positional(Expression {
-                        span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                        span: Span::unknown(),
                         ty: Type::String,
                         expr: Expr::String(self.line.clone()),
                         custom_completion: None,
                     }),
                     Argument::Positional(Expression {
-                        span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                        span: Span::unknown(),
                         ty: Type::Int,
                         expr: Expr::Int(line_pos as i64),
                         custom_completion: None,
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl Completer for CustomCompletion {
                 redirect_stdout: true,
                 redirect_stderr: true,
             },
-            PipelineData::new(span),
+            PipelineData::empty(),
         );
 
         let mut custom_completion_options = None;

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/directory_completions.rs

@@ -136,8 +136,12 @@ pub fn directory_completion(
                                     file_name.push(SEP);
                                 }
 
-                                // Fix files or folders with quotes
-                                if path.contains('\'') || path.contains('"') || path.contains(' ') {
+                                // Fix files or folders with quotes or hash
+                                if path.contains('\'')
+                                    || path.contains('"')
+                                    || path.contains(' ')
+                                    || path.contains('#')
+                                {
                                     path = format!("`{}`", path);
                                 }
 

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/file_completions.rs

@@ -141,8 +141,12 @@ pub fn file_path_completion(
                             file_name.push(SEP);
                         }
 
-                        // Fix files or folders with quotes
-                        if path.contains('\'') || path.contains('"') || path.contains(' ') {
+                        // Fix files or folders with quotes or hashes
+                        if path.contains('\'')
+                            || path.contains('"')
+                            || path.contains(' ')
+                            || path.contains('#')
+                        {
                             path = format!("`{}`", path);
                         }
 

crates/nu-cli/src/completions/variable_completions.rs

@@ -111,10 +111,7 @@ impl Completer for VariableCompletion {
                     &self.engine_state,
                     &self.stack,
                     nu_protocol::NU_VARIABLE_ID,
-                    nu_protocol::Span {
-                        start: current_span.start,
-                        end: current_span.end,
-                    },
+                    nu_protocol::Span::new(current_span.start, current_span.end),
                 ) {
                     for suggestion in
                         nested_suggestions(nuval, self.var_context.1.clone(), current_span)
@@ -134,13 +131,7 @@ impl Completer for VariableCompletion {
             // Completion other variable types
             if let Some(var_id) = var_id {
                 // Extract the variable value from the stack
-                let var = self.stack.get_var(
-                    var_id,
-                    Span {
-                        start: span.start,
-                        end: span.end,
-                    },
-                );
+                let var = self.stack.get_var(var_id, Span::new(span.start, span.end));
 
                 // If the value exists and it's of type Record
                 if let Ok(value) = var {
@@ -281,7 +272,7 @@ fn recursive_value(val: Value, sublevels: Vec<Vec<u8>>) -> Value {
 
                 // Current sublevel value not found
                 return Value::Nothing {
-                    span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                    span: Span::unknown(),
                 };
             }
             _ => return val,

crates/nu-cli/src/config_files.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use nu_path::canonicalize_with;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet};
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
 use nu_protocol::Spanned;
-use nu_protocol::{HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData, Span};
+use nu_protocol::{HistoryFileFormat, PipelineData};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ pub fn read_plugin_file(
     stack: &mut Stack,
     plugin_file: Option<Spanned<String>>,
     storage_path: &str,
-    is_perf_true: bool,
 ) {
     // Reading signatures from signature file
     // The plugin.nu file stores the parsed signature collected from each registered plugin
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn read_plugin_file(
 
     let plugin_path = engine_state.plugin_signatures.clone();
     if let Some(plugin_path) = plugin_path {
-        let plugin_filename = plugin_path.to_string_lossy().to_owned();
+        let plugin_filename = plugin_path.to_string_lossy();
 
         if let Ok(contents) = std::fs::read(&plugin_path) {
             eval_source(
@@ -39,15 +38,13 @@ pub fn read_plugin_file(
                 stack,
                 &contents,
                 &plugin_filename,
-                PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+                PipelineData::empty(),
             );
         }
     }
 
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!("read_plugin_file {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
 }
-}
 
 #[cfg(feature = "plugin")]
 pub fn add_plugin_file(
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn eval_config_contents(
     stack: &mut Stack,
 ) {
     if config_path.exists() & config_path.is_file() {
-        let config_filename = config_path.to_string_lossy().to_owned();
+        let config_filename = config_path.to_string_lossy();
 
         if let Ok(contents) = std::fs::read(&config_path) {
             eval_source(
@@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ pub fn eval_config_contents(
                 stack,
                 &contents,
                 &config_filename,
-                PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+                PipelineData::empty(),
             );
 
             // Merge the environment in case env vars changed in the config

crates/nu-cli/src/eval_file.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ use crate::util::{eval_source, report_error};
 use log::info;
 use log::trace;
 use miette::{IntoDiagnostic, Result};
-use nu_engine::convert_env_values;
+use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, current_dir};
 use nu_parser::parse;
-use nu_protocol::Type;
+use nu_path::canonicalize_with;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    Config, PipelineData, Span, Value,
+    Config, PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 use nu_utils::stdout_write_all_and_flush;
 
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_file(
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     input: PipelineData,
-    is_perf_true: bool,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
     if let Some(e) = convert_env_values(engine_state, stack) {
@@ -28,12 +27,75 @@ pub fn evaluate_file(
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
 
-    let file = std::fs::read(&path).into_diagnostic()?;
+    let cwd = current_dir(engine_state, stack)?;
+
+    let file_path = {
+        match canonicalize_with(&path, &cwd) {
+            Ok(p) => p,
+            Err(e) => {
+                let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+                report_error(
+                    &working_set,
+                    &ShellError::FileNotFoundCustom(
+                        format!("Could not access file '{}': {:?}", path, e.to_string()),
+                        Span::unknown(),
+                    ),
+                );
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let file_path_str = match file_path.to_str() {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None => {
+            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+            report_error(
+                &working_set,
+                &ShellError::NonUtf8Custom(
+                    format!(
+                        "Input file name '{}' is not valid UTF8",
+                        file_path.to_string_lossy()
+                    ),
+                    Span::unknown(),
+                ),
+            );
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let file = match std::fs::read(&file_path).into_diagnostic() {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => {
+            let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+            report_error(
+                &working_set,
+                &ShellError::FileNotFoundCustom(
+                    format!(
+                        "Could not read file '{}': {:?}",
+                        file_path_str,
+                        e.to_string()
+                    ),
+                    Span::unknown(),
+                ),
+            );
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    engine_state.start_in_file(Some(file_path_str));
+
+    let mut parent = file_path.clone();
+    parent.pop();
+
+    stack.add_env_var(
+        "FILE_PWD".to_string(),
+        Value::string(parent.to_string_lossy(), Span::unknown()),
+    );
 
     let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-    trace!("parsing file: {}", path);
-
-    let _ = parse(&mut working_set, Some(&path), &file, false, &[]);
+    trace!("parsing file: {}", file_path_str);
+    let _ = parse(&mut working_set, Some(file_path_str), &file, false, &[]);
 
     if working_set.find_decl(b"main", &Type::Any).is_some() {
         let args = format!("main {}", args.join(" "));
@@ -42,21 +104,19 @@ pub fn evaluate_file(
             engine_state,
             stack,
             &file,
-            &path,
-            PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+            file_path_str,
+            PipelineData::empty(),
         ) {
             std::process::exit(1);
         }
         if !eval_source(engine_state, stack, args.as_bytes(), "<commandline>", input) {
             std::process::exit(1);
         }
-    } else if !eval_source(engine_state, stack, &file, &path, input) {
+    } else if !eval_source(engine_state, stack, &file, file_path_str, input) {
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
 
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!("evaluate {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-    }
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -75,6 +135,14 @@ pub fn print_table_or_error(
     // Change the engine_state config to use the passed in configuration
     engine_state.set_config(config);
 
+    if let PipelineData::Value(Value::Error { error }, ..) = &pipeline_data {
+        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+
+        report_error(&working_set, error);
+
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
     match engine_state.find_decl("table".as_bytes(), &[]) {
         Some(decl_id) => {
             let command = engine_state.get_decl(decl_id);

crates/nu-cli/src/menus/description_menu.rs

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ impl DescriptionMenu {
         let description = self
             .get_value()
             .and_then(|suggestion| suggestion.description)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_default()
             .lines()
             .skip(self.skipped_rows)
             .take(self.working_details.description_rows)
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ impl Menu for DescriptionMenu {
                     let description_rows = self
                         .get_value()
                         .and_then(|suggestion| suggestion.description)
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_string())
+                        .unwrap_or_default()
                         .lines()
                         .count();
 

crates/nu-cli/src/menus/help_completions.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ impl NuHelpCompleter {
         //Vec<(Signature, Vec<Example>, bool, bool)> {
         let mut commands = full_commands
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(sig, _, _, _)| {
+            .filter(|(sig, _, _, _, _)| {
                 sig.name.to_lowercase().contains(&line.to_lowercase())
                     || sig.usage.to_lowercase().contains(&line.to_lowercase())
                     || sig
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl NuHelpCompleter {
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-        commands.sort_by(|(a, _, _, _), (b, _, _, _)| {
+        commands.sort_by(|(a, _, _, _, _), (b, _, _, _, _)| {
             let a_distance = levenshtein_distance(line, &a.name);
             let b_distance = levenshtein_distance(line, &b.name);
             a_distance.cmp(&b_distance)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl NuHelpCompleter {
 
         commands
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|(sig, examples, _, _)| {
+            .map(|(sig, examples, _, _, _)| {
                 let mut long_desc = String::new();
 
                 let usage = &sig.usage;

crates/nu-cli/src/menus/menu_completions.rs

@@ -42,20 +42,14 @@ impl Completer for NuMenuCompleter {
 
         if let Some(buffer) = block.signature.get_positional(0) {
             if let Some(buffer_id) = &buffer.var_id {
-                let line_buffer = Value::String {
-                    val: parsed.remainder.to_string(),
-                    span: self.span,
-                };
+                let line_buffer = Value::string(parsed.remainder, self.span);
                 self.stack.add_var(*buffer_id, line_buffer);
             }
         }
 
         if let Some(position) = block.signature.get_positional(1) {
             if let Some(position_id) = &position.var_id {
-                let line_buffer = Value::Int {
-                    val: pos as i64,
-                    span: self.span,
-                };
+                let line_buffer = Value::int(pos as i64, self.span);
                 self.stack.add_var(*position_id, line_buffer);
             }
         }

crates/nu-cli/src/print.rs

@@ -50,14 +50,13 @@ Since this command has no output, there is no point in piping it with other comm
         let args: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let no_newline = call.has_flag("no-newline");
         let to_stderr = call.has_flag("stderr");
-        let head = call.head;
 
         for arg in args {
             arg.into_pipeline_data()
                 .print(engine_state, stack, no_newline, to_stderr)?;
         }
 
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {

crates/nu-cli/src/prompt.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ pub struct NushellPrompt {
     default_vi_insert_prompt_indicator: Option<String>,
     default_vi_normal_prompt_indicator: Option<String>,
     default_multiline_indicator: Option<String>,
+    render_right_prompt_on_last_line: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for NushellPrompt {
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ impl NushellPrompt {
             default_vi_insert_prompt_indicator: None,
             default_vi_normal_prompt_indicator: None,
             default_multiline_indicator: None,
+            render_right_prompt_on_last_line: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -41,8 +43,13 @@ impl NushellPrompt {
         self.left_prompt_string = prompt_string;
     }
 
-    pub fn update_prompt_right(&mut self, prompt_string: Option<String>) {
+    pub fn update_prompt_right(
+        &mut self,
+        prompt_string: Option<String>,
+        render_right_prompt_on_last_line: bool,
+    ) {
         self.right_prompt_string = prompt_string;
+        self.render_right_prompt_on_last_line = render_right_prompt_on_last_line;
     }
 
     pub fn update_prompt_indicator(&mut self, prompt_indicator_string: Option<String>) {
@@ -68,6 +75,7 @@ impl NushellPrompt {
         prompt_indicator_string: Option<String>,
         prompt_multiline_indicator_string: Option<String>,
         prompt_vi: (Option<String>, Option<String>),
+        render_right_prompt_on_last_line: bool,
     ) {
         let (prompt_vi_insert_string, prompt_vi_normal_string) = prompt_vi;
 
@@ -78,6 +86,8 @@ impl NushellPrompt {
 
         self.default_vi_insert_prompt_indicator = prompt_vi_insert_string;
         self.default_vi_normal_prompt_indicator = prompt_vi_normal_string;
+
+        self.render_right_prompt_on_last_line = render_right_prompt_on_last_line;
     }
 
     fn default_wrapped_custom_string(&self, str: String) -> String {
@@ -162,4 +172,8 @@ impl Prompt for NushellPrompt {
             prefix, history_search.term
         ))
     }
+
+    fn right_prompt_on_last_line(&self) -> bool {
+        self.render_right_prompt_on_last_line
+    }
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/prompt_update.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use log::info;
 use nu_engine::eval_subexpression;
 use nu_protocol::{
     engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    Config, PipelineData, Span, Value,
+    Config, PipelineData, Value,
 };
 use reedline::Prompt;
 
@@ -25,12 +25,11 @@ fn get_prompt_string(
     config: &Config,
     engine_state: &EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
-    is_perf_true: bool,
 ) -> Option<String> {
     stack
         .get_env_var(engine_state, prompt)
         .and_then(|v| match v {
-            Value::Block {
+            Value::Closure {
                 val: block_id,
                 captures,
                 ..
@@ -38,20 +37,34 @@ fn get_prompt_string(
                 let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
                 let mut stack = stack.captures_to_stack(&captures);
                 // Use eval_subexpression to force a redirection of output, so we can use everything in prompt
-                let ret_val = eval_subexpression(
-                    engine_state,
-                    &mut stack,
-                    block,
-                    PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)), // Don't try this at home, 0 span is ignored
-                );
-                if is_perf_true {
+                let ret_val =
+                    eval_subexpression(engine_state, &mut stack, block, PipelineData::empty());
                 info!(
                     "get_prompt_string (block) {}:{}:{}",
                     file!(),
                     line!(),
                     column!()
                 );
+
+                match ret_val {
+                    Ok(ret_val) => Some(ret_val),
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
+                        report_error(&working_set, &err);
+                        None
                     }
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Block { val: block_id, .. } => {
+                let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
+                // Use eval_subexpression to force a redirection of output, so we can use everything in prompt
+                let ret_val = eval_subexpression(engine_state, stack, block, PipelineData::empty());
+                info!(
+                    "get_prompt_string (block) {}:{}:{}",
+                    file!(),
+                    line!(),
+                    column!()
+                );
 
                 match ret_val {
                     Ok(ret_val) => Some(ret_val),
@@ -90,17 +103,10 @@ pub(crate) fn update_prompt<'prompt>(
     engine_state: &EngineState,
     stack: &Stack,
     nu_prompt: &'prompt mut NushellPrompt,
-    is_perf_true: bool,
 ) -> &'prompt dyn Prompt {
     let mut stack = stack.clone();
 
-    let left_prompt_string = get_prompt_string(
-        PROMPT_COMMAND,
-        config,
-        engine_state,
-        &mut stack,
-        is_perf_true,
-    );
+    let left_prompt_string = get_prompt_string(PROMPT_COMMAND, config, engine_state, &mut stack);
 
     // Now that we have the prompt string lets ansify it.
     // <133 A><prompt><133 B><command><133 C><command output>
@@ -116,45 +122,20 @@ pub(crate) fn update_prompt<'prompt>(
         left_prompt_string
     };
 
-    let right_prompt_string = get_prompt_string(
-        PROMPT_COMMAND_RIGHT,
-        config,
-        engine_state,
-        &mut stack,
-        is_perf_true,
-    );
+    let right_prompt_string =
+        get_prompt_string(PROMPT_COMMAND_RIGHT, config, engine_state, &mut stack);
 
-    let prompt_indicator_string = get_prompt_string(
-        PROMPT_INDICATOR,
-        config,
-        engine_state,
-        &mut stack,
-        is_perf_true,
-    );
+    let prompt_indicator_string =
+        get_prompt_string(PROMPT_INDICATOR, config, engine_state, &mut stack);
 
-    let prompt_multiline_string = get_prompt_string(
-        PROMPT_MULTILINE_INDICATOR,
-        config,
-        engine_state,
-        &mut stack,
-        is_perf_true,
-    );
+    let prompt_multiline_string =
+        get_prompt_string(PROMPT_MULTILINE_INDICATOR, config, engine_state, &mut stack);
 
-    let prompt_vi_insert_string = get_prompt_string(
-        PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_INSERT,
-        config,
-        engine_state,
-        &mut stack,
-        is_perf_true,
-    );
+    let prompt_vi_insert_string =
+        get_prompt_string(PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_INSERT, config, engine_state, &mut stack);
 
-    let prompt_vi_normal_string = get_prompt_string(
-        PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_NORMAL,
-        config,
-        engine_state,
-        &mut stack,
-        is_perf_true,
-    );
+    let prompt_vi_normal_string =
+        get_prompt_string(PROMPT_INDICATOR_VI_NORMAL, config, engine_state, &mut stack);
 
     // apply the other indicators
     nu_prompt.update_all_prompt_strings(
@@ -163,12 +144,11 @@ pub(crate) fn update_prompt<'prompt>(
         prompt_indicator_string,
         prompt_multiline_string,
         (prompt_vi_insert_string, prompt_vi_normal_string),
+        config.render_right_prompt_on_last_line,
     );
 
     let ret_val = nu_prompt as &dyn Prompt;
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!("update_prompt {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-    }
 
     ret_val
 }

crates/nu-cli/src/reedline_config.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use super::DescriptionMenu;
 use crate::{menus::NuMenuCompleter, NuHelpCompleter};
 use crossterm::event::{KeyCode, KeyModifiers};
-use nu_color_config::lookup_ansi_color_style;
+use nu_color_config::{color_record_to_nustyle, lookup_ansi_color_style};
 use nu_engine::eval_block;
 use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    color_value_string, create_menus,
+    create_menus,
     engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
     extract_value, Config, IntoPipelineData, ParsedKeybinding, ParsedMenu, PipelineData,
     ShellError, Span, Value,
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub(crate) fn add_menus(
             let res = eval_block(&engine_state, &mut temp_stack, &block, input, false, false)?;
 
             if let PipelineData::Value(value, None) = res {
-                for menu in create_menus(&value, config)? {
+                for menu in create_menus(&value)? {
                     line_editor =
                         add_menu(line_editor, &menu, engine_state.clone(), stack, config)?;
                 }
@@ -159,14 +159,11 @@ macro_rules! add_style {
     ($name:expr, $cols: expr, $vals:expr, $span:expr, $config: expr, $menu:expr, $f:expr) => {
         $menu = match extract_value($name, $cols, $vals, $span) {
             Ok(text) => {
-                let text = match text {
-                    Value::String { val, .. } => val.clone(),
-                    Value::Record { cols, vals, span } => {
-                        color_value_string(span, cols, vals, $config).into_string("", $config)
-                    }
-                    _ => "green".to_string(),
+                let style = match text {
+                    Value::String { val, .. } => lookup_ansi_color_style(&val),
+                    Value::Record { .. } => color_record_to_nustyle(&text),
+                    _ => lookup_ansi_color_style("green"),
                 };
-                let style = lookup_ansi_color_style(&text);
                 $f($menu, style)
             }
             Err(_) => $menu,
@@ -251,7 +248,7 @@ pub(crate) fn add_columnar_menu(
         Value::Nothing { .. } => {
             Ok(line_editor.with_menu(ReedlineMenu::EngineCompleter(Box::new(columnar_menu))))
         }
-        Value::Block {
+        Value::Closure {
             val,
             captures,
             span,
@@ -337,7 +334,7 @@ pub(crate) fn add_list_menu(
         Value::Nothing { .. } => {
             Ok(line_editor.with_menu(ReedlineMenu::HistoryMenu(Box::new(list_menu))))
         }
-        Value::Block {
+        Value::Closure {
             val,
             captures,
             span,
@@ -459,7 +456,7 @@ pub(crate) fn add_description_menu(
                 completer,
             }))
         }
-        Value::Block {
+        Value::Closure {
             val,
             captures,
             span,
@@ -477,7 +474,7 @@ pub(crate) fn add_description_menu(
             }))
         }
         _ => Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
-            "block or omitted value".to_string(),
+            "closure or omitted value".to_string(),
             menu.source.into_abbreviated_string(config),
             menu.source.span()?,
         )),
@@ -491,7 +488,7 @@ fn add_menu_keybindings(keybindings: &mut Keybindings) {
         KeyCode::Tab,
         ReedlineEvent::UntilFound(vec![
             ReedlineEvent::Menu("completion_menu".to_string()),
-            ReedlineEvent::MenuNext,
+            ReedlineEvent::Edit(vec![EditCommand::Complete]),
         ]),
     );
 
@@ -964,6 +961,7 @@ fn edit_from_record(
             let char = extract_char(value, config)?;
             EditCommand::MoveLeftBefore(char)
         }
+        "complete" => EditCommand::Complete,
         e => {
             return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
                 "reedline EditCommand".to_string(),
@@ -992,10 +990,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_send_event() {
         let cols = vec!["send".to_string()];
-        let vals = vec![Value::String {
-            val: "Enter".to_string(),
-            span: Span::test_data(),
-        }];
+        let vals = vec![Value::string("Enter", Span::test_data())];
 
         let span = Span::test_data();
         let b = EventType::try_from_columns(&cols, &vals, &span).unwrap();
@@ -1015,10 +1010,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_edit_event() {
         let cols = vec!["edit".to_string()];
-        let vals = vec![Value::String {
-            val: "Clear".to_string(),
-            span: Span::test_data(),
-        }];
+        let vals = vec![Value::string("Clear", Span::test_data())];
 
         let span = Span::test_data();
         let b = EventType::try_from_columns(&cols, &vals, &span).unwrap();
@@ -1042,14 +1034,8 @@ mod test {
     fn test_send_menu() {
         let cols = vec!["send".to_string(), "name".to_string()];
         let vals = vec![
-            Value::String {
-                val: "Menu".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            },
-            Value::String {
-                val: "history_menu".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            },
+            Value::string("Menu", Span::test_data()),
+            Value::string("history_menu", Span::test_data()),
         ];
 
         let span = Span::test_data();
@@ -1075,14 +1061,8 @@ mod test {
         // Menu event
         let cols = vec!["send".to_string(), "name".to_string()];
         let vals = vec![
-            Value::String {
-                val: "Menu".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            },
-            Value::String {
-                val: "history_menu".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            },
+            Value::string("Menu", Span::test_data()),
+            Value::string("history_menu", Span::test_data()),
         ];
 
         let menu_event = Value::Record {
@@ -1093,10 +1073,7 @@ mod test {
 
         // Enter event
         let cols = vec!["send".to_string()];
-        let vals = vec![Value::String {
-            val: "Enter".to_string(),
-            span: Span::test_data(),
-        }];
+        let vals = vec![Value::string("Enter", Span::test_data())];
 
         let enter_event = Value::Record {
             cols,
@@ -1137,14 +1114,8 @@ mod test {
         // Menu event
         let cols = vec!["send".to_string(), "name".to_string()];
         let vals = vec![
-            Value::String {
-                val: "Menu".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            },
-            Value::String {
-                val: "history_menu".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            },
+            Value::string("Menu", Span::test_data()),
+            Value::string("history_menu", Span::test_data()),
         ];
 
         let menu_event = Value::Record {
@@ -1155,10 +1126,7 @@ mod test {
 
         // Enter event
         let cols = vec!["send".to_string()];
-        let vals = vec![Value::String {
-            val: "Enter".to_string(),
-            span: Span::test_data(),
-        }];
+        let vals = vec![Value::string("Enter", Span::test_data())];
 
         let enter_event = Value::Record {
             cols,
@@ -1186,10 +1154,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_error() {
         let cols = vec!["not_exist".to_string()];
-        let vals = vec![Value::String {
-            val: "Enter".to_string(),
-            span: Span::test_data(),
-        }];
+        let vals = vec![Value::string("Enter", Span::test_data())];
 
         let span = Span::test_data();
         let b = EventType::try_from_columns(&cols, &vals, &span);

crates/nu-cli/src/repl.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ use crate::{
     util::{eval_source, get_guaranteed_cwd, report_error, report_error_new},
     NuHighlighter, NuValidator, NushellPrompt,
 };
-use fancy_regex::Regex;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{info, trace, warn};
 use miette::{IntoDiagnostic, Result};
-use nu_color_config::get_color_config;
-use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, eval_block};
+use nu_color_config::StyleComputer;
+use nu_engine::{convert_env_values, eval_block, eval_block_with_early_return};
 use nu_parser::{lex, parse, trim_quotes_str};
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::PathMember,
@@ -24,7 +22,6 @@ use std::{
     sync::atomic::Ordering,
     time::Instant,
 };
-use strip_ansi_escapes::strip;
 use sysinfo::SystemExt;
 
 // According to Daniel Imms @Tyriar, we need to do these this way:
@@ -41,7 +38,6 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     nushell_path: &str,
-    is_perf_true: bool,
     prerun_command: Option<Spanned<String>>,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     use reedline::{FileBackedHistory, Reedline, Signal};
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
     if !atty::is(atty::Stream::Stdin) {
         return Err(std::io::Error::new(
             std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
-            "Nushell launched as interactive REPL but STDIN is not a TTY, either launch in a valid terminal or provide arguments to invoke a script!",
+            "Nushell launched as a REPL, but STDIN is not a TTY; either launch in a valid terminal or provide arguments to invoke a script!",
         ))
         .into_diagnostic();
     }
@@ -60,14 +56,12 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
     let mut nu_prompt = NushellPrompt::new();
 
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!(
         "translate environment vars {}:{}:{}",
         file!(),
         line!(),
         column!()
     );
-    }
 
     // Translate environment variables from Strings to Values
     if let Some(e) = convert_env_values(engine_state, stack) {
@@ -78,32 +72,19 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
     // seed env vars
     stack.add_env_var(
         "CMD_DURATION_MS".into(),
-        Value::String {
-            val: "0823".to_string(),
-            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
-        },
+        Value::string("0823", Span::unknown()),
     );
 
-    stack.add_env_var(
-        "LAST_EXIT_CODE".into(),
-        Value::Int {
-            val: 0,
-            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
-        },
-    );
+    stack.add_env_var("LAST_EXIT_CODE".into(), Value::int(0, Span::unknown()));
 
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!(
         "load config initially {}:{}:{}",
         file!(),
         line!(),
         column!()
     );
-    }
 
-    if is_perf_true {
     info!("setup reedline {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-    }
 
     let mut line_editor = Reedline::create();
 
@@ -121,9 +102,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
         engine_state.config.history_file_format,
     );
     if let Some(history_path) = history_path.as_deref() {
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!("setup history {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-        }
 
         let history: Box<dyn reedline::History> = match engine_state.config.history_file_format {
             HistoryFileFormat::PlainText => Box::new(
@@ -149,15 +128,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
         if use_ansi {
             println!("{}", banner);
         } else {
-            let stripped_string = {
-                if let Ok(bytes) = strip(&banner) {
-                    String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes).to_string()
-                } else {
-                    banner
-                }
-            };
-
-            println!("{}", stripped_string);
+            println!("{}", nu_utils::strip_ansi_string_likely(banner));
         }
     }
 
@@ -167,20 +138,18 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             stack,
             s.item.as_bytes(),
             &format!("entry #{}", entry_num),
-            PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+            PipelineData::empty(),
         );
         engine_state.merge_env(stack, get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack))?;
     }
 
     loop {
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!(
             "load config each loop {}:{}:{}",
             file!(),
             line!(),
             column!()
         );
-        }
 
         let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
 
@@ -201,15 +170,9 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
 
         let config = engine_state.get_config();
 
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!("setup colors {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-        }
 
-        let color_hm = get_color_config(config);
-
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!("update reedline {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-        }
         let engine_reference = std::sync::Arc::new(engine_state.clone());
         line_editor = line_editor
             .with_highlighter(Box::new(NuHighlighter {
@@ -227,10 +190,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             .with_partial_completions(config.partial_completions)
             .with_ansi_colors(config.use_ansi_coloring);
 
+        let style_computer = StyleComputer::from_config(engine_state, stack);
+
         line_editor = if config.use_ansi_coloring {
-            line_editor.with_hinter(Box::new(
-                DefaultHinter::default().with_style(color_hm["hints"]),
-            ))
+            line_editor.with_hinter(Box::new({
+                // As of Nov 2022, "hints" color_config closures only get `null` passed in.
+                let style = style_computer.compute("hints", &Value::nothing(Span::unknown()));
+                DefaultHinter::default().with_style(style)
+            }))
         } else {
             line_editor.disable_hints()
         };
@@ -266,18 +233,14 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
         };
 
         if config.sync_history_on_enter {
-            if is_perf_true {
             info!("sync history {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-            }
 
             if let Err(e) = line_editor.sync_history() {
                 warn!("Failed to sync history: {}", e);
             }
         }
 
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!("setup keybindings {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-        }
 
         // Changing the line editor based on the found keybindings
         line_editor = match create_keybindings(config) {
@@ -301,14 +264,12 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             }
         };
 
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!("prompt_update {}:{}:{}", file!(), line!(), column!());
-        }
 
         // Right before we start our prompt and take input from the user,
         // fire the "pre_prompt" hook
         if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.pre_prompt.clone() {
-            if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], &hook) {
+            if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, None, vec![], &hook) {
                 report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
             }
         }
@@ -323,19 +284,16 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
         }
 
         let config = engine_state.get_config();
-        let prompt =
-            prompt_update::update_prompt(config, engine_state, stack, &mut nu_prompt, is_perf_true);
+        let prompt = prompt_update::update_prompt(config, engine_state, stack, &mut nu_prompt);
 
         entry_num += 1;
 
-        if is_perf_true {
         info!(
             "finished setup, starting repl {}:{}:{}",
             file!(),
             line!(),
             column!()
         );
-        }
 
         let input = line_editor.read_line(prompt);
         let shell_integration = config.shell_integration;
@@ -367,7 +325,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                 // Right before we start running the code the user gave us,
                 // fire the "pre_execution" hook
                 if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.pre_execution.clone() {
-                    if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, vec![], &hook) {
+                    if let Err(err) = eval_hook(engine_state, stack, None, vec![], &hook) {
                         report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
                     }
                 }
@@ -408,7 +366,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                         "OLDPWD".into(),
                         Value::String {
                             val: cwd.clone(),
-                            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                            span: Span::unknown(),
                         },
                     );
 
@@ -418,7 +376,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                         "PWD".into(),
                         Value::String {
                             val: path.clone(),
-                            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                            span: Span::unknown(),
                         },
                     );
                     let cwd = Value::String { val: cwd, span };
@@ -464,7 +422,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                         stack,
                         s.as_bytes(),
                         &format!("entry #{}", entry_num),
-                        PipelineData::new(Span::new(0, 0)),
+                        PipelineData::empty(),
                     );
                 }
                 let cmd_duration = start_time.elapsed();
@@ -473,7 +431,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
                     "CMD_DURATION_MS".into(),
                     Value::String {
                         val: format!("{}", cmd_duration.as_millis()),
-                        span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                        span: Span::unknown(),
                     },
                 );
 
@@ -561,7 +519,7 @@ pub fn evaluate_repl(
             Err(err) => {
                 let message = err.to_string();
                 if !message.contains("duration") {
-                    println!("Error: {:?}", err);
+                    eprintln!("Error: {:?}", err);
                     // TODO: Identify possible error cases where a hard failure is preferable
                     // Ignoring and reporting could hide bigger problems
                     // e.g. https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/6452
@@ -670,7 +628,7 @@ pub fn eval_string_with_input(
 
     let input_as_pipeline_data = match input {
         Some(input) => PipelineData::Value(input, None),
-        None => PipelineData::new(Span::test_data()),
+        None => PipelineData::empty(),
     };
 
     eval_block(
@@ -719,6 +677,7 @@ pub fn eval_env_change_hook(
                         eval_hook(
                             engine_state,
                             stack,
+                            None,
                             vec![("$before".into(), before), ("$after".into(), after.clone())],
                             hook_value,
                         )?;
@@ -744,15 +703,24 @@ pub fn eval_env_change_hook(
 pub fn eval_hook(
     engine_state: &mut EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
+    input: Option<PipelineData>,
     arguments: Vec<(String, Value)>,
     value: &Value,
-) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
     let value_span = value.span()?;
 
+    // Hooks can optionally be a record in this form:
+    // {
+    //     condition: {|before, after| ... }  # block that evaluates to true/false
+    //     code: # block or a string
+    // }
+    // The condition block will be run to check whether the main hook (in `code`) should be run.
+    // If it returns true (the default if a condition block is not specified), the hook should be run.
     let condition_path = PathMember::String {
         val: "condition".to_string(),
         span: value_span,
     };
+    let mut output = PipelineData::empty();
 
     let code_path = PathMember::String {
         val: "code".to_string(),
@@ -762,7 +730,7 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
     match value {
         Value::List { vals, .. } => {
             for val in vals {
-                eval_hook(engine_state, stack, arguments.clone(), val)?
+                eval_hook(engine_state, stack, None, arguments.clone(), val)?;
             }
         }
         Value::Record { .. } => {
@@ -773,24 +741,33 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
                             val: block_id,
                             span: block_span,
                             ..
+                        }
+                        | Value::Closure {
+                            val: block_id,
+                            span: block_span,
+                            ..
                         } => {
                             match run_hook_block(
                                 engine_state,
                                 stack,
                                 block_id,
+                                None,
                                 arguments.clone(),
                                 block_span,
                             ) {
-                                Ok(value) => match value {
-                                    Value::Bool { val, .. } => val,
-                                    other => {
+                                Ok(pipeline_data) => {
+                                    if let PipelineData::Value(Value::Bool { val, .. }, ..) =
+                                        pipeline_data
+                                    {
+                                        val
+                                    } else {
                                         return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
                                             "boolean output".to_string(),
-                                            format!("{}", other.get_type()),
-                                            other.span()?,
+                                            "other PipelineData variant".to_string(),
+                                            block_span,
                                         ));
                                     }
-                                },
+                                }
                                 Err(err) => {
                                     return Err(err);
                                 }
@@ -825,6 +802,7 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
                                     name.as_bytes().to_vec(),
                                     val.span()?,
                                     Type::Any,
+                                    false,
                                 );
 
                                 vars.push((var_id, val));
@@ -846,7 +824,7 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
                         };
 
                         engine_state.merge_delta(delta)?;
-                        let input = PipelineData::new(value_span);
+                        let input = PipelineData::empty();
 
                         let var_ids: Vec<VarId> = vars
                             .into_iter()
@@ -857,7 +835,9 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
                             .collect();
 
                         match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
-                            Ok(_) => {}
+                            Ok(pipeline_data) => {
+                                output = pipeline_data;
+                            }
                             Err(err) => {
                                 report_error_new(engine_state, &err);
                             }
@@ -872,7 +852,28 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
                         span: block_span,
                         ..
                     } => {
-                        run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, block_id, arguments, block_span)?;
+                        run_hook_block(
+                            engine_state,
+                            stack,
+                            block_id,
+                            input,
+                            arguments,
+                            block_span,
+                        )?;
+                    }
+                    Value::Closure {
+                        val: block_id,
+                        span: block_span,
+                        ..
+                    } => {
+                        run_hook_block(
+                            engine_state,
+                            stack,
+                            block_id,
+                            input,
+                            arguments,
+                            block_span,
+                        )?;
                     }
                     other => {
                         return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
@@ -889,7 +890,28 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
             span: block_span,
             ..
         } => {
-            run_hook_block(engine_state, stack, *block_id, arguments, *block_span)?;
+            output = run_hook_block(
+                engine_state,
+                stack,
+                *block_id,
+                input,
+                arguments,
+                *block_span,
+            )?;
+        }
+        Value::Closure {
+            val: block_id,
+            span: block_span,
+            ..
+        } => {
+            output = run_hook_block(
+                engine_state,
+                stack,
+                *block_id,
+                input,
+                arguments,
+                *block_span,
+            )?;
         }
         other => {
             return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedConfigValue(
@@ -903,19 +925,20 @@ pub fn eval_hook(
     let cwd = get_guaranteed_cwd(engine_state, stack);
     engine_state.merge_env(stack, cwd)?;
 
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(output)
 }
 
-pub fn run_hook_block(
+fn run_hook_block(
     engine_state: &EngineState,
     stack: &mut Stack,
     block_id: BlockId,
+    optional_input: Option<PipelineData>,
     arguments: Vec<(String, Value)>,
     span: Span,
-) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
     let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
 
-    let input = PipelineData::new(span);
+    let input = optional_input.unwrap_or_else(PipelineData::empty);
 
     let mut callee_stack = stack.gather_captures(&block.captures);
 
@@ -934,10 +957,13 @@ pub fn run_hook_block(
         }
     }
 
-    match eval_block(engine_state, &mut callee_stack, block, input, false, false) {
-        Ok(pipeline_data) => match pipeline_data.into_value(span) {
-            Value::Error { error } => Err(error),
-            val => {
+    match eval_block_with_early_return(engine_state, &mut callee_stack, block, input, false, false)
+    {
+        Ok(pipeline_data) => {
+            if let PipelineData::Value(Value::Error { error }, _) = pipeline_data {
+                return Err(error);
+            }
+
             // If all went fine, preserve the environment of the called block
             let caller_env_vars = stack.get_env_var_names(engine_state);
 
@@ -953,10 +979,8 @@ pub fn run_hook_block(
             for (var, value) in callee_stack.get_stack_env_vars() {
                 stack.add_env_var(var, value);
             }
-
-                Ok(val)
+            Ok(pipeline_data)
         }
-        },
         Err(err) => Err(err),
     }
 }
@@ -968,7 +992,7 @@ fn run_ansi_sequence(seq: &str) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
             return Err(ShellError::GenericError(
                 "Error writing ansi sequence".into(),
                 err.to_string(),
-                Some(Span { start: 0, end: 0 }),
+                Some(Span::unknown()),
                 None,
                 Vec::new(),
             ));
@@ -978,18 +1002,19 @@ fn run_ansi_sequence(seq: &str) -> Result<(), ShellError> {
         ShellError::GenericError(
             "Error flushing stdio".into(),
             e.to_string(),
-            Some(Span { start: 0, end: 0 }),
+            Some(Span::unknown()),
             None,
             Vec::new(),
         )
     })
 }
 
-lazy_static! {
 // Absolute paths with a drive letter, like 'C:', 'D:\', 'E:\foo'
-    static ref DRIVE_PATH_REGEX: Regex =
-        Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[/\\]?").expect("Internal error: regex creation");
-}
+#[cfg(windows)]
+static DRIVE_PATH_REGEX: once_cell::sync::Lazy<fancy_regex::Regex> =
+    once_cell::sync::Lazy::new(|| {
+        fancy_regex::Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[/\\]?").expect("Internal error: regex creation")
+    });
 
 // A best-effort "does this string look kinda like a path?" function to determine whether to auto-cd
 fn looks_like_path(orig: &str) -> bool {

crates/nu-cli/src/syntax_highlight.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use log::trace;
 use nu_ansi_term::Style;
-use nu_color_config::get_shape_color;
+use nu_color_config::{get_matching_brackets_style, get_shape_color};
 use nu_parser::{flatten_block, parse, FlatShape};
+use nu_protocol::ast::{Argument, Block, Expr, Expression, PipelineElement};
 use nu_protocol::engine::{EngineState, StateWorkingSet};
-use nu_protocol::Config;
+use nu_protocol::{Config, Span};
 use reedline::{Highlighter, StyledText};
 
 pub struct NuHighlighter {
@@ -15,10 +16,12 @@ impl Highlighter for NuHighlighter {
     fn highlight(&self, line: &str, _cursor: usize) -> StyledText {
         trace!("highlighting: {}", line);
 
-        let (shapes, global_span_offset) = {
         let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(&self.engine_state);
+        let block = {
             let (block, _) = parse(&mut working_set, None, line.as_bytes(), false, &[]);
-
+            block
+        };
+        let (shapes, global_span_offset) = {
             let shapes = flatten_block(&working_set, &block);
             (shapes, self.engine_state.next_span_start())
         };
@@ -26,6 +29,15 @@ impl Highlighter for NuHighlighter {
         let mut output = StyledText::default();
         let mut last_seen_span = global_span_offset;
 
+        let global_cursor_offset = _cursor + global_span_offset;
+        let matching_brackets_pos = find_matching_brackets(
+            line,
+            &working_set,
+            &block,
+            global_span_offset,
+            global_cursor_offset,
+        );
+
         for shape in &shapes {
             if shape.0.end <= last_seen_span
                 || last_seen_span < global_span_offset
@@ -44,166 +56,75 @@ impl Highlighter for NuHighlighter {
             let next_token = line
                 [(shape.0.start - global_span_offset)..(shape.0.end - global_span_offset)]
                 .to_string();
+
+            macro_rules! add_colored_token_with_bracket_highlight {
+                ($shape:expr, $span:expr, $text:expr) => {{
+                    let spans = split_span_by_highlight_positions(
+                        line,
+                        &$span,
+                        &matching_brackets_pos,
+                        global_span_offset,
+                    );
+                    spans.iter().for_each(|(part, highlight)| {
+                        let start = part.start - $span.start;
+                        let end = part.end - $span.start;
+                        let text = (&next_token[start..end]).to_string();
+                        let mut style = get_shape_color($shape.to_string(), &self.config);
+                        if *highlight {
+                            style = get_matching_brackets_style(style, &self.config);
+                        }
+                        output.push((style, text));
+                    });
+                }};
+            }
+
+            macro_rules! add_colored_token {
+                ($shape:expr, $text:expr) => {
+                    output.push((get_shape_color($shape.to_string(), &self.config), $text))
+                };
+            }
+
             match shape.1 {
-                FlatShape::Garbage => output.push((
-                    // nushell Garbage
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::Nothing => output.push((
-                    // nushell Nothing
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::Binary => {
-                    // nushell ?
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Bool => {
-                    // nushell ?
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Int => {
-                    // nushell Int
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Float => {
-                    // nushell Decimal
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Range => output.push((
-                    // nushell DotDot ?
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::InternalCall => output.push((
-                    // nushell InternalCommand
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::External => {
-                    // nushell ExternalCommand
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::ExternalArg => {
-                    // nushell ExternalWord
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Literal => {
-                    // nushell ?
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Operator => output.push((
-                    // nushell Operator
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::Signature => output.push((
-                    // nushell ?
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::String => {
-                    // nushell String
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::StringInterpolation => {
-                    // nushell ???
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::DateTime => {
-                    // nushell ???
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
+                FlatShape::Garbage => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Nothing => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Binary => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Bool => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Int => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Float => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Range => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::InternalCall => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::External => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::ExternalArg => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Literal => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Operator => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Signature => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::String => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::StringInterpolation => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::DateTime => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
                 FlatShape::List => {
-                    // nushell ???
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
+                    add_colored_token_with_bracket_highlight!(shape.1, shape.0, next_token)
                 }
                 FlatShape::Table => {
-                    // nushell ???
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
+                    add_colored_token_with_bracket_highlight!(shape.1, shape.0, next_token)
                 }
                 FlatShape::Record => {
-                    // nushell ???
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
+                    add_colored_token_with_bracket_highlight!(shape.1, shape.0, next_token)
                 }
+
                 FlatShape::Block => {
-                    // nushell ???
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
+                    add_colored_token_with_bracket_highlight!(shape.1, shape.0, next_token)
                 }
-                FlatShape::Filepath => output.push((
-                    // nushell Path
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::Directory => output.push((
-                    // nushell Directory
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::GlobPattern => output.push((
-                    // nushell GlobPattern
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::Variable => output.push((
-                    // nushell Variable
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
-                FlatShape::Flag => {
-                    // nushell Flag
-                    output.push((
-                        get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                        next_token,
-                    ))
-                }
-                FlatShape::Custom(..) => output.push((
-                    get_shape_color(shape.1.to_string(), &self.config),
-                    next_token,
-                )),
+
+                FlatShape::Filepath => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Directory => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::GlobPattern => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Variable => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Flag => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Pipe => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::And => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Or => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Redirection => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
+                FlatShape::Custom(..) => add_colored_token!(shape.1, next_token),
             }
             last_seen_span = shape.0.end;
         }
@@ -216,3 +137,299 @@ impl Highlighter for NuHighlighter {
         output
     }
 }
+
+fn split_span_by_highlight_positions(
+    line: &str,
+    span: &Span,
+    highlight_positions: &Vec<usize>,
+    global_span_offset: usize,
+) -> Vec<(Span, bool)> {
+    let mut start = span.start;
+    let mut result: Vec<(Span, bool)> = Vec::new();
+    for pos in highlight_positions {
+        if start <= *pos && pos < &span.end {
+            if start < *pos {
+                result.push((Span::new(start, *pos), false));
+            }
+            let span_str = &line[pos - global_span_offset..span.end - global_span_offset];
+            let end = span_str
+                .chars()
+                .next()
+                .map(|c| pos + get_char_length(c))
+                .unwrap_or(pos + 1);
+            result.push((Span::new(*pos, end), true));
+            start = end;
+        }
+    }
+    if start < span.end {
+        result.push((Span::new(start, span.end), false));
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+fn find_matching_brackets(
+    line: &str,
+    working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
+    block: &Block,
+    global_span_offset: usize,
+    global_cursor_offset: usize,
+) -> Vec<usize> {
+    const BRACKETS: &str = "{}[]()";
+
+    // calculate first bracket position
+    let global_end_offset = line.len() + global_span_offset;
+    let global_bracket_pos =
+        if global_cursor_offset == global_end_offset && global_end_offset > global_span_offset {
+            // cursor is at the end of a non-empty string -- find block end at the previous position
+            if let Some(last_char) = line.chars().last() {
+                global_cursor_offset - get_char_length(last_char)
+            } else {
+                global_cursor_offset
+            }
+        } else {
+            // cursor is in the middle of a string -- find block end at the current position
+            global_cursor_offset
+        };
+
+    // check that position contains bracket
+    let match_idx = global_bracket_pos - global_span_offset;
+    if match_idx >= line.len()
+        || !BRACKETS.contains(get_char_at_index(line, match_idx).unwrap_or_default())
+    {
+        return Vec::new();
+    }
+
+    // find matching bracket by finding matching block end
+    let matching_block_end = find_matching_block_end_in_block(
+        line,
+        working_set,
+        block,
+        global_span_offset,
+        global_bracket_pos,
+    );
+    if let Some(pos) = matching_block_end {
+        let matching_idx = pos - global_span_offset;
+        if BRACKETS.contains(get_char_at_index(line, matching_idx).unwrap_or_default()) {
+            return if global_bracket_pos < pos {
+                vec![global_bracket_pos, pos]
+            } else {
+                vec![pos, global_bracket_pos]
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    Vec::new()
+}
+
+fn find_matching_block_end_in_block(
+    line: &str,
+    working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
+    block: &Block,
+    global_span_offset: usize,
+    global_cursor_offset: usize,
+) -> Option<usize> {
+    for p in &block.pipelines {
+        for e in &p.elements {
+            match e {
+                PipelineElement::Expression(_, e)
+                | PipelineElement::Redirection(_, _, e)
+                | PipelineElement::And(_, e)
+                | PipelineElement::Or(_, e) => {
+                    if e.span.contains(global_cursor_offset) {
+                        if let Some(pos) = find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
+                            line,
+                            working_set,
+                            e,
+                            global_span_offset,
+                            global_cursor_offset,
+                        ) {
+                            return Some(pos);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
+    line: &str,
+    working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
+    expression: &Expression,
+    global_span_offset: usize,
+    global_cursor_offset: usize,
+) -> Option<usize> {
+    macro_rules! find_in_expr_or_continue {
+        ($inner_expr:ident) => {
+            if let Some(pos) = find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
+                line,
+                working_set,
+                $inner_expr,
+                global_span_offset,
+                global_cursor_offset,
+            ) {
+                return Some(pos);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    if expression.span.contains(global_cursor_offset) && expression.span.start >= global_span_offset
+    {
+        let expr_first = expression.span.start;
+        let span_str = &line
+            [expression.span.start - global_span_offset..expression.span.end - global_span_offset];
+        let expr_last = span_str
+            .chars()
+            .last()
+            .map(|c| expression.span.end - get_char_length(c))
+            .unwrap_or(expression.span.start);
+
+        return match &expression.expr {
+            Expr::Bool(_) => None,
+            Expr::Int(_) => None,
+            Expr::Float(_) => None,
+            Expr::Binary(_) => None,
+            Expr::Range(..) => None,
+            Expr::Var(_) => None,
+            Expr::VarDecl(_) => None,
+            Expr::ExternalCall(..) => None,
+            Expr::Operator(_) => None,
+            Expr::UnaryNot(_) => None,
+            Expr::Keyword(..) => None,
+            Expr::ValueWithUnit(..) => None,
+            Expr::DateTime(_) => None,
+            Expr::Filepath(_) => None,
+            Expr::Directory(_) => None,
+            Expr::GlobPattern(_) => None,
+            Expr::String(_) => None,
+            Expr::CellPath(_) => None,
+            Expr::ImportPattern(_) => None,
+            Expr::Overlay(_) => None,
+            Expr::Signature(_) => None,
+            Expr::Nothing => None,
+            Expr::Garbage => None,
+
+            Expr::Table(hdr, rows) => {
+                if expr_last == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at table end
+                    Some(expr_first)
+                } else if expr_first == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at table start
+                    Some(expr_last)
+                } else {
+                    // cursor is inside table
+                    for inner_expr in hdr {
+                        find_in_expr_or_continue!(inner_expr);
+                    }
+                    for row in rows {
+                        for inner_expr in row {
+                            find_in_expr_or_continue!(inner_expr);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+
+            Expr::Record(exprs) => {
+                if expr_last == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at record end
+                    Some(expr_first)
+                } else if expr_first == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at record start
+                    Some(expr_last)
+                } else {
+                    // cursor is inside record
+                    for (k, v) in exprs {
+                        find_in_expr_or_continue!(k);
+                        find_in_expr_or_continue!(v);
+                    }
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+
+            Expr::Call(call) => {
+                for arg in &call.arguments {
+                    let opt_expr = match arg {
+                        Argument::Named((_, _, opt_expr)) => opt_expr.as_ref(),
+                        Argument::Positional(inner_expr) => Some(inner_expr),
+                    };
+
+                    if let Some(inner_expr) = opt_expr {
+                        find_in_expr_or_continue!(inner_expr);
+                    }
+                }
+                None
+            }
+
+            Expr::FullCellPath(b) => find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
+                line,
+                working_set,
+                &b.head,
+                global_span_offset,
+                global_cursor_offset,
+            ),
+
+            Expr::BinaryOp(lhs, op, rhs) => {
+                find_in_expr_or_continue!(lhs);
+                find_in_expr_or_continue!(op);
+                find_in_expr_or_continue!(rhs);
+                None
+            }
+
+            Expr::Block(block_id)
+            | Expr::Closure(block_id)
+            | Expr::RowCondition(block_id)
+            | Expr::Subexpression(block_id) => {
+                if expr_last == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at block end
+                    Some(expr_first)
+                } else if expr_first == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at block start
+                    Some(expr_last)
+                } else {
+                    // cursor is inside block
+                    let nested_block = working_set.get_block(*block_id);
+                    find_matching_block_end_in_block(
+                        line,
+                        working_set,
+                        nested_block,
+                        global_span_offset,
+                        global_cursor_offset,
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+
+            Expr::StringInterpolation(inner_expr) => {
+                for inner_expr in inner_expr {
+                    find_in_expr_or_continue!(inner_expr);
+                }
+                None
+            }
+
+            Expr::List(inner_expr) => {
+                if expr_last == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at list end
+                    Some(expr_first)
+                } else if expr_first == global_cursor_offset {
+                    // cursor is at list start
+                    Some(expr_last)
+                } else {
+                    // cursor is inside list
+                    for inner_expr in inner_expr {
+                        find_in_expr_or_continue!(inner_expr);
+                    }
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn get_char_at_index(s: &str, index: usize) -> Option<char> {
+    s[index..].chars().next()
+}
+
+fn get_char_length(c: char) -> usize {
+    c.to_string().len()
+}

crates/nu-cli/src/util.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use log::trace;
+use crate::repl::eval_hook;
 use nu_engine::eval_block;
 use nu_parser::{escape_quote_string, lex, parse, unescape_unquote_string, Token, TokenContents};
 use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
 use nu_protocol::CliError;
 use nu_protocol::{
     engine::{EngineState, Stack},
-    PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value,
+    print_if_stream, PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value,
 };
 #[cfg(windows)]
 use nu_utils::enable_vt_processing;
@@ -204,8 +204,6 @@ pub fn eval_source(
     fname: &str,
     input: PipelineData,
 ) -> bool {
-    trace!("eval_source");
-
     let (block, delta) = {
         let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
         let (output, err) = parse(
@@ -232,7 +230,30 @@ pub fn eval_source(
 
     match eval_block(engine_state, stack, &block, input, false, false) {
         Ok(pipeline_data) => {
-            match pipeline_data.print(engine_state, stack, false, false) {
+            let config = engine_state.get_config();
+            let result;
+            if let PipelineData::ExternalStream {
+                stdout: stream,
+                stderr: stderr_stream,
+                exit_code,
+                ..
+            } = pipeline_data
+            {
+                result = print_if_stream(stream, stderr_stream, false, exit_code);
+            } else if let Some(hook) = config.hooks.display_output.clone() {
+                match eval_hook(engine_state, stack, Some(pipeline_data), vec![], &hook) {
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        result = Err(err);
+                    }
+                    Ok(val) => {
+                        result = val.print(engine_state, stack, false, false);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                result = pipeline_data.print(engine_state, stack, true, false);
+            }
+
+            match result {
                 Err(err) => {
                     let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
 
@@ -268,10 +289,7 @@ pub fn eval_source(
 fn set_last_exit_code(stack: &mut Stack, exit_code: i64) {
     stack.add_env_var(
         "LAST_EXIT_CODE".to_string(),
-        Value::Int {
-            val: exit_code,
-            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
-        },
+        Value::int(exit_code, Span::unknown()),
     );
 }
 

crates/nu-cli/tests/completions.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
 use reedline::{Completer, Suggestion};
 use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
-use support::{file, folder, match_suggestions, new_engine};
+use support::{completions_helpers::new_quote_engine, file, folder, match_suggestions, new_engine};
 
 #[fixture]
 fn completer() -> NuCompleter {
@@ -411,6 +411,24 @@ fn command_watch_with_filecompletion() {
     match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn file_completion_quoted() {
+    let (_, _, engine, stack) = new_quote_engine();
+
+    let mut completer = NuCompleter::new(std::sync::Arc::new(engine), stack);
+
+    let target_dir = "open ";
+    let suggestions = completer.complete(target_dir, target_dir.len());
+
+    let expected_paths: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "`te st.txt`".to_string(),
+        "`te#st.txt`".to_string(),
+        "`te'st.txt`".to_string(),
+    ];
+
+    match_suggestions(expected_paths, suggestions)
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn flag_completions() {
     // Create a new engine

crates/nu-cli/tests/support/completions_helpers.rs

@@ -33,20 +33,53 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
         "PWD".to_string(),
         Value::String {
             val: dir_str.clone(),
-            span: nu_protocol::Span {
-                start: 0,
-                end: dir_str.len(),
-            },
+            span: nu_protocol::Span::new(0, dir_str.len()),
         },
     );
     stack.add_env_var(
         "TEST".to_string(),
         Value::String {
             val: "NUSHELL".to_string(),
-            span: nu_protocol::Span {
-                start: 0,
-                end: dir_str.len(),
+            span: nu_protocol::Span::new(0, dir_str.len()),
         },
+    );
+
+    // Merge environment into the permanent state
+    let merge_result = engine_state.merge_env(&mut stack, &dir);
+    assert!(merge_result.is_ok());
+
+    (dir, dir_str, engine_state, stack)
+}
+
+pub fn new_quote_engine() -> (PathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
+    // Target folder inside assets
+    let dir = fs::fixtures().join("quoted_completions");
+    let mut dir_str = dir
+        .clone()
+        .into_os_string()
+        .into_string()
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    dir_str.push(SEP);
+
+    // Create a new engine with default context
+    let mut engine_state = create_default_context();
+
+    // New stack
+    let mut stack = Stack::new();
+
+    // Add pwd as env var
+    stack.add_env_var(
+        "PWD".to_string(),
+        Value::String {
+            val: dir_str.clone(),
+            span: nu_protocol::Span::new(0, dir_str.len()),
+        },
+    );
+    stack.add_env_var(
+        "TEST".to_string(),
+        Value::String {
+            val: "NUSHELL".to_string(),
+            span: nu_protocol::Span::new(0, dir_str.len()),
         },
     );
 
@@ -112,7 +145,7 @@ pub fn merge_input(
         &block,
         PipelineData::Value(
             Value::Nothing {
-                span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+                span: Span::unknown(),
             },
             None
         ),

crates/nu-color-config/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,11 +5,18 @@ repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-color-confi
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-color-config"
-version = "0.70.0"
+version = "0.73.0"
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
-nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.70.0"  }
 serde = { version="1.0.123", features=["derive"] }
+# used only for text_style Alignments
+tabled = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["color"], default-features = false }
+
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.73.0" }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.73.0" }
+nu-json = { path="../nu-json", version = "0.73.0"  }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+nu-test-support = { path="../nu-test-support", version = "0.73.0"  }

crates/nu-color-config/src/color_config.rs

@@ -1,418 +1,89 @@
-use crate::nu_style::{color_from_hex, color_string_to_nustyle};
-use nu_ansi_term::{Color, Style};
-use nu_protocol::Config;
-use nu_table::{Alignment, TextStyle};
+use crate::{
+    nu_style::{color_from_hex, lookup_style},
+    parse_nustyle, NuStyle,
+};
+use nu_ansi_term::Style;
+use nu_protocol::Value;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub fn lookup_ansi_color_style(s: &str) -> Style {
     if s.starts_with('#') {
-        match color_from_hex(s) {
-            Ok(c) => match c {
-                Some(c) => c.normal(),
-                None => Style::default(),
-            },
-            Err(_) => Style::default(),
-        }
+        color_from_hex(s)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|c| c.map(|c| c.normal()))
+            .unwrap_or_default()
     } else if s.starts_with('{') {
         color_string_to_nustyle(s.to_string())
     } else {
-        match s {
-            "g" | "green" => Color::Green.normal(),
-            "gb" | "green_bold" => Color::Green.bold(),
-            "gu" | "green_underline" => Color::Green.underline(),
-            "gi" | "green_italic" => Color::Green.italic(),
-            "gd" | "green_dimmed" => Color::Green.dimmed(),
-            "gr" | "green_reverse" => Color::Green.reverse(),
-            "gbl" | "green_blink" => Color::Green.blink(),
-            "gst" | "green_strike" => Color::Green.strikethrough(),
-
-            "lg" | "light_green" => Color::LightGreen.normal(),
-            "lgb" | "light_green_bold" => Color::LightGreen.bold(),
-            "lgu" | "light_green_underline" => Color::LightGreen.underline(),
-            "lgi" | "light_green_italic" => Color::LightGreen.italic(),
-            "lgd" | "light_green_dimmed" => Color::LightGreen.dimmed(),
-            "lgr" | "light_green_reverse" => Color::LightGreen.reverse(),
-            "lgbl" | "light_green_blink" => Color::LightGreen.blink(),
-            "lgst" | "light_green_strike" => Color::LightGreen.strikethrough(),
-
-            "r" | "red" => Color::Red.normal(),
-            "rb" | "red_bold" => Color::Red.bold(),
-            "ru" | "red_underline" => Color::Red.underline(),
-            "ri" | "red_italic" => Color::Red.italic(),
-            "rd" | "red_dimmed" => Color::Red.dimmed(),
-            "rr" | "red_reverse" => Color::Red.reverse(),
-            "rbl" | "red_blink" => Color::Red.blink(),
-            "rst" | "red_strike" => Color::Red.strikethrough(),
-
-            "lr" | "light_red" => Color::LightRed.normal(),
-            "lrb" | "light_red_bold" => Color::LightRed.bold(),
-            "lru" | "light_red_underline" => Color::LightRed.underline(),
-            "lri" | "light_red_italic" => Color::LightRed.italic(),
-            "lrd" | "light_red_dimmed" => Color::LightRed.dimmed(),
-            "lrr" | "light_red_reverse" => Color::LightRed.reverse(),
-            "lrbl" | "light_red_blink" => Color::LightRed.blink(),
-            "lrst" | "light_red_strike" => Color::LightRed.strikethrough(),
-
-            "u" | "blue" => Color::Blue.normal(),
-            "ub" | "blue_bold" => Color::Blue.bold(),
-            "uu" | "blue_underline" => Color::Blue.underline(),
-            "ui" | "blue_italic" => Color::Blue.italic(),
-            "ud" | "blue_dimmed" => Color::Blue.dimmed(),
-            "ur" | "blue_reverse" => Color::Blue.reverse(),
-            "ubl" | "blue_blink" => Color::Blue.blink(),
-            "ust" | "blue_strike" => Color::Blue.strikethrough(),
-
-            "lu" | "light_blue" => Color::LightBlue.normal(),
-            "lub" | "light_blue_bold" => Color::LightBlue.bold(),
-            "luu" | "light_blue_underline" => Color::LightBlue.underline(),
-            "lui" | "light_blue_italic" => Color::LightBlue.italic(),
-            "lud" | "light_blue_dimmed" => Color::LightBlue.dimmed(),
-            "lur" | "light_blue_reverse" => Color::LightBlue.reverse(),
-            "lubl" | "light_blue_blink" => Color::LightBlue.blink(),
-            "lust" | "light_blue_strike" => Color::LightBlue.strikethrough(),
-
-            "b" | "black" => Color::Black.normal(),
-            "bb" | "black_bold" => Color::Black.bold(),
-            "bu" | "black_underline" => Color::Black.underline(),
-            "bi" | "black_italic" => Color::Black.italic(),
-            "bd" | "black_dimmed" => Color::Black.dimmed(),
-            "br" | "black_reverse" => Color::Black.reverse(),
-            "bbl" | "black_blink" => Color::Black.blink(),
-            "bst" | "black_strike" => Color::Black.strikethrough(),
-
-            "ligr" | "light_gray" => Color::LightGray.normal(),
-            "ligrb" | "light_gray_bold" => Color::LightGray.bold(),
-            "ligru" | "light_gray_underline" => Color::LightGray.underline(),
-            "ligri" | "light_gray_italic" => Color::LightGray.italic(),
-            "ligrd" | "light_gray_dimmed" => Color::LightGray.dimmed(),
-            "ligrr" | "light_gray_reverse" => Color::LightGray.reverse(),
-            "ligrbl" | "light_gray_blink" => Color::LightGray.blink(),
-            "ligrst" | "light_gray_strike" => Color::LightGray.strikethrough(),
-
-            "y" | "yellow" => Color::Yellow.normal(),
-            "yb" | "yellow_bold" => Color::Yellow.bold(),
-            "yu" | "yellow_underline" => Color::Yellow.underline(),
-            "yi" | "yellow_italic" => Color::Yellow.italic(),
-            "yd" | "yellow_dimmed" => Color::Yellow.dimmed(),
-            "yr" | "yellow_reverse" => Color::Yellow.reverse(),
-            "ybl" | "yellow_blink" => Color::Yellow.blink(),
-            "yst" | "yellow_strike" => Color::Yellow.strikethrough(),
-
-            "ly" | "light_yellow" => Color::LightYellow.normal(),
-            "lyb" | "light_yellow_bold" => Color::LightYellow.bold(),
-            "lyu" | "light_yellow_underline" => Color::LightYellow.underline(),
-            "lyi" | "light_yellow_italic" => Color::LightYellow.italic(),
-            "lyd" | "light_yellow_dimmed" => Color::LightYellow.dimmed(),
-            "lyr" | "light_yellow_reverse" => Color::LightYellow.reverse(),
-            "lybl" | "light_yellow_blink" => Color::LightYellow.blink(),
-            "lyst" | "light_yellow_strike" => Color::LightYellow.strikethrough(),
-
-            "p" | "purple" => Color::Purple.normal(),
-            "pb" | "purple_bold" => Color::Purple.bold(),
-            "pu" | "purple_underline" => Color::Purple.underline(),
-            "pi" | "purple_italic" => Color::Purple.italic(),
-            "pd" | "purple_dimmed" => Color::Purple.dimmed(),
-            "pr" | "purple_reverse" => Color::Purple.reverse(),
-            "pbl" | "purple_blink" => Color::Purple.blink(),
-            "pst" | "purple_strike" => Color::Purple.strikethrough(),
-
-            "lp" | "light_purple" => Color::LightPurple.normal(),
-            "lpb" | "light_purple_bold" => Color::LightPurple.bold(),
-            "lpu" | "light_purple_underline" => Color::LightPurple.underline(),
-            "lpi" | "light_purple_italic" => Color::LightPurple.italic(),
-            "lpd" | "light_purple_dimmed" => Color::LightPurple.dimmed(),
-            "lpr" | "light_purple_reverse" => Color::LightPurple.reverse(),
-            "lpbl" | "light_purple_blink" => Color::LightPurple.blink(),
-            "lpst" | "light_purple_strike" => Color::LightPurple.strikethrough(),
-
-            "c" | "cyan" => Color::Cyan.normal(),
-            "cb" | "cyan_bold" => Color::Cyan.bold(),
-            "cu" | "cyan_underline" => Color::Cyan.underline(),
-            "ci" | "cyan_italic" => Color::Cyan.italic(),
-            "cd" | "cyan_dimmed" => Color::Cyan.dimmed(),
-            "cr" | "cyan_reverse" => Color::Cyan.reverse(),
-            "cbl" | "cyan_blink" => Color::Cyan.blink(),
-            "cst" | "cyan_strike" => Color::Cyan.strikethrough(),
-
-            "lc" | "light_cyan" => Color::LightCyan.normal(),
-            "lcb" | "light_cyan_bold" => Color::LightCyan.bold(),
-            "lcu" | "light_cyan_underline" => Color::LightCyan.underline(),
-            "lci" | "light_cyan_italic" => Color::LightCyan.italic(),
-            "lcd" | "light_cyan_dimmed" => Color::LightCyan.dimmed(),
-            "lcr" | "light_cyan_reverse" => Color::LightCyan.reverse(),
-            "lcbl" | "light_cyan_blink" => Color::LightCyan.blink(),
-            "lcst" | "light_cyan_strike" => Color::LightCyan.strikethrough(),
-
-            "w" | "white" => Color::White.normal(),
-            "wb" | "white_bold" => Color::White.bold(),
-            "wu" | "white_underline" => Color::White.underline(),
-            "wi" | "white_italic" => Color::White.italic(),
-            "wd" | "white_dimmed" => Color::White.dimmed(),
-            "wr" | "white_reverse" => Color::White.reverse(),
-            "wbl" | "white_blink" => Color::White.blink(),
-            "wst" | "white_strike" => Color::White.strikethrough(),
-
-            "dgr" | "dark_gray" => Color::DarkGray.normal(),
-            "dgrb" | "dark_gray_bold" => Color::DarkGray.bold(),
-            "dgru" | "dark_gray_underline" => Color::DarkGray.underline(),
-            "dgri" | "dark_gray_italic" => Color::DarkGray.italic(),
-            "dgrd" | "dark_gray_dimmed" => Color::DarkGray.dimmed(),
-            "dgrr" | "dark_gray_reverse" => Color::DarkGray.reverse(),
-            "dgrbl" | "dark_gray_blink" => Color::DarkGray.blink(),
-            "dgrst" | "dark_gray_strike" => Color::DarkGray.strikethrough(),
-
-            "def" | "default" => Color::Default.normal(),
-            "defb" | "default_bold" => Color::Default.bold(),
-            "defu" | "default_underline" => Color::Default.underline(),
-            "defi" | "default_italic" => Color::Default.italic(),
-            "defd" | "default_dimmed" => Color::Default.dimmed(),
-            "defr" | "default_reverse" => Color::Default.reverse(),
-
-            _ => Color::White.normal(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn update_hashmap(key: &str, val: &str, hm: &mut HashMap<String, Style>) {
-    // eprintln!("key: {}, val: {}", &key, &val);
-    let color = lookup_ansi_color_style(val);
-    if let Some(v) = hm.get_mut(key) {
-        *v = color;
-    } else {
-        hm.insert(key.to_string(), color);
+        lookup_style(s)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn get_color_config(config: &Config) -> HashMap<String, Style> {
-    let config = config;
-
-    // create the hashmap
+pub fn get_color_map(colors: &HashMap<String, Value>) -> HashMap<String, Style> {
     let mut hm: HashMap<String, Style> = HashMap::new();
-    // set some defaults
-    // hm.insert("primitive_line".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    // hm.insert("primitive_pattern".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    // hm.insert("primitive_path".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("separator".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert(
-        "leading_trailing_space_bg".to_string(),
-        Style::default().on(Color::Rgb(128, 128, 128)),
-    );
-    hm.insert("header".to_string(), Color::Green.bold());
-    hm.insert("empty".to_string(), Color::Blue.normal());
-    hm.insert("bool".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("int".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("filesize".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("duration".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("date".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("range".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("float".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("string".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("nothing".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("binary".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("cellpath".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("row_index".to_string(), Color::Green.bold());
-    hm.insert("record".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("list".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("block".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("hints".to_string(), Color::DarkGray.normal());
 
-    for (key, value) in &config.color_config {
-        let value = value
-            .as_string()
-            .expect("the only values for config color must be strings");
-        update_hashmap(key, &value, &mut hm);
-
-        // eprintln!(
-        //     "config: {}:{}\t\t\thashmap: {}:{:?}",
-        //     &key, &value, &key, &hm[key]
-        // );
+    for (key, value) in colors {
+        parse_map_entry(&mut hm, key, value);
     }
 
     hm
 }
 
-// This function will assign a text style to a primitive, or really any string that's
-// in the hashmap. The hashmap actually contains the style to be applied.
-pub fn style_primitive(primitive: &str, color_hm: &HashMap<String, Style>) -> TextStyle {
-    match primitive {
-        "bool" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
+fn parse_map_entry(hm: &mut HashMap<String, Style>, key: &str, value: &Value) {
+    let value = match value {
+        Value::String { val, .. } => Some(lookup_ansi_color_style(val)),
+        Value::Record { cols, vals, .. } => get_style_from_value(cols, vals).map(parse_nustyle),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+    if let Some(value) = value {
+        hm.entry(key.to_owned()).or_insert(value);
     }
 }
 
-        "int" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Right, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_right(),
+fn get_style_from_value(cols: &[String], vals: &[Value]) -> Option<NuStyle> {
+    let mut was_set = false;
+    let mut style = NuStyle::from(Style::default());
+    for (col, val) in cols.iter().zip(vals) {
+        match col.as_str() {
+            "bg" => {
+                if let Value::String { val, .. } = val {
+                    style.bg = Some(val.clone());
+                    was_set = true;
+                }
+            }
+            "fg" => {
+                if let Value::String { val, .. } = val {
+                    style.fg = Some(val.clone());
+                    was_set = true;
+                }
+            }
+            "attr" => {
+                if let Value::String { val, .. } = val {
+                    style.attr = Some(val.clone());
+                    was_set = true;
+                }
+            }
+            _ => (),
         }
     }
 
-        "filesize" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Right, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_right(),
+    if was_set {
+        Some(style)
+    } else {
+        None
     }
 }
 
-        "duration" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
+fn color_string_to_nustyle(color_string: String) -> Style {
+    // eprintln!("color_string: {}", &color_string);
+    if color_string.is_empty() {
+        return Style::default();
     }
 
-        "date" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
+    let nu_style = match nu_json::from_str::<NuStyle>(&color_string) {
+        Ok(s) => s,
+        Err(_) => return Style::default(),
+    };
 
-        "range" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        "float" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Right, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_right(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        "string" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        "nothing" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        // not sure what to do with error
-        // "error" => {}
-        "binary" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        "cellpath" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        "row_index" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Right, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::new()
-                    .alignment(Alignment::Right)
-                    .fg(Color::Green)
-                    .bold(Some(true)),
-            }
-        }
-
-        "record" | "list" | "block" => {
-            let style = color_hm.get(primitive);
-            match style {
-                Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-                None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        // types in nushell but not in engine-q
-        // "Line" => {
-        //     let style = color_hm.get("Primitive::Line");
-        //     match style {
-        //         Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-        //         None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-        //     }
-        // }
-        // "GlobPattern" => {
-        //     let style = color_hm.get("Primitive::GlobPattern");
-        //     match style {
-        //         Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-        //         None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-        //     }
-        // }
-        // "FilePath" => {
-        //     let style = color_hm.get("Primitive::FilePath");
-        //     match style {
-        //         Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-        //         None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-        //     }
-        // }
-        // "BeginningOfStream" => {
-        //     let style = color_hm.get("Primitive::BeginningOfStream");
-        //     match style {
-        //         Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-        //         None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-        //     }
-        // }
-        // "EndOfStream" => {
-        //     let style = color_hm.get("Primitive::EndOfStream");
-        //     match style {
-        //         Some(s) => TextStyle::with_style(Alignment::Left, *s),
-        //         None => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-        //     }
-        // }
-        _ => TextStyle::basic_left(),
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_hm() {
-    use nu_ansi_term::{Color, Style};
-
-    let mut hm: HashMap<String, Style> = HashMap::new();
-    hm.insert("primitive_int".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_decimal".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_filesize".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_string".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_line".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_columnpath".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_pattern".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_boolean".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_date".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_duration".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_range".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_path".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("primitive_binary".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("separator".to_string(), Color::White.normal());
-    hm.insert("header_align".to_string(), Color::Green.bold());
-    hm.insert("header".to_string(), Color::Green.bold());
-    hm.insert("header_style".to_string(), Style::default());
-    hm.insert("row_index".to_string(), Color::Green.bold());
-    hm.insert(
-        "leading_trailing_space_bg".to_string(),
-        Style::default().on(Color::Rgb(128, 128, 128)),
-    );
-
-    update_hashmap("primitive_int", "green", &mut hm);
-
-    assert_eq!(hm["primitive_int"], Color::Green.normal());
+    parse_nustyle(nu_style)
 }

crates/nu-color-config/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 mod color_config;
+mod matching_brackets_style;
 mod nu_style;
 mod shape_color;
+mod style_computer;
+mod text_style;
 
 pub use color_config::*;
+pub use matching_brackets_style::*;
 pub use nu_style::*;
 pub use shape_color::*;
+pub use style_computer::*;
+pub use text_style::*;

crates/nu-color-config/src/matching_brackets_style.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use crate::color_config::lookup_ansi_color_style;
+use nu_ansi_term::Style;
+use nu_protocol::Config;
+
+pub fn get_matching_brackets_style(default_style: Style, conf: &Config) -> Style {
+    const MATCHING_BRACKETS_CONFIG_KEY: &str = "shape_matching_brackets";
+
+    match conf.color_config.get(MATCHING_BRACKETS_CONFIG_KEY) {
+        Some(int_color) => match int_color.as_string() {
+            Ok(int_color) => merge_styles(default_style, lookup_ansi_color_style(&int_color)),
+            Err(_) => default_style,
+        },
+        None => default_style,
+    }
+}
+
+fn merge_styles(base: Style, extra: Style) -> Style {
+    Style {
+        foreground: extra.foreground.or(base.foreground),
+        background: extra.background.or(base.background),
+        is_bold: extra.is_bold || base.is_bold,
+        is_dimmed: extra.is_dimmed || base.is_dimmed,
+        is_italic: extra.is_italic || base.is_italic,
+        is_underline: extra.is_underline || base.is_underline,
+        is_blink: extra.is_blink || base.is_blink,
+        is_reverse: extra.is_reverse || base.is_reverse,
+        is_hidden: extra.is_hidden || base.is_hidden,
+        is_strikethrough: extra.is_strikethrough || base.is_strikethrough,
+    }
+}

crates/nu-color-config/src/nu_style.rs

@@ -1,88 +1,113 @@
 use nu_ansi_term::{Color, Style};
-use serde::Deserialize;
+use nu_protocol::Value;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-#[derive(Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct NuStyle {
     pub fg: Option<String>,
     pub bg: Option<String>,
     pub attr: Option<String>,
 }
 
+impl From<Style> for NuStyle {
+    fn from(s: Style) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bg: s.background.and_then(color_to_string),
+            fg: s.foreground.and_then(color_to_string),
+            attr: style_get_attr(s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn style_get_attr(s: Style) -> Option<String> {
+    macro_rules! check {
+        ($attrs:expr, $b:expr, $c:expr) => {
+            if $b {
+                $attrs.push($c);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    let mut attrs = String::new();
+
+    check!(attrs, s.is_blink, 'l');
+    check!(attrs, s.is_bold, 'b');
+    check!(attrs, s.is_dimmed, 'd');
+    check!(attrs, s.is_reverse, 'r');
+    check!(attrs, s.is_strikethrough, 's');
+    check!(attrs, s.is_underline, 'u');
+
+    if attrs.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(attrs)
+    }
+}
+
+fn color_to_string(color: Color) -> Option<String> {
+    match color {
+        Color::Black => Some(String::from("black")),
+        Color::DarkGray => Some(String::from("dark_gray")),
+        Color::Red => Some(String::from("red")),
+        Color::LightRed => Some(String::from("light_red")),
+        Color::Green => Some(String::from("green")),
+        Color::LightGreen => Some(String::from("light_green")),
+        Color::Yellow => Some(String::from("yellow")),
+        Color::LightYellow => Some(String::from("light_yellow")),
+        Color::Blue => Some(String::from("blue")),
+        Color::LightBlue => Some(String::from("light_blue")),
+        Color::Purple => Some(String::from("purple")),
+        Color::LightPurple => Some(String::from("light_purple")),
+        Color::Magenta => Some(String::from("magenta")),
+        Color::LightMagenta => Some(String::from("light_magenta")),
+        Color::Cyan => Some(String::from("cyan")),
+        Color::LightCyan => Some(String::from("light_cyan")),
+        Color::White => Some(String::from("white")),
+        Color::LightGray => Some(String::from("light_gray")),
+        Color::Default => Some(String::from("default")),
+        Color::Rgb(r, g, b) => Some(format!("#{:X}{:X}{:X}", r, g, b)),
+        Color::Fixed(_) => None,
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn parse_nustyle(nu_style: NuStyle) -> Style {
-    // get the nu_ansi_term::Color foreground color
-    let fg_color = match nu_style.fg {
-        Some(fg) => color_from_hex(&fg).unwrap_or_default(),
-        _ => None,
-    };
-    // get the nu_ansi_term::Color background color
-    let bg_color = match nu_style.bg {
-        Some(bg) => color_from_hex(&bg).unwrap_or_default(),
-        _ => None,
-    };
-    // get the attributes
-    let color_attr = match nu_style.attr {
-        Some(attr) => attr,
-        _ => "".to_string(),
+    let mut style = Style {
+        foreground: nu_style.fg.and_then(|fg| lookup_color_str(&fg)),
+        background: nu_style.bg.and_then(|bg| lookup_color_str(&bg)),
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
-    // setup the attributes available in nu_ansi_term::Style
-    let mut bold = false;
-    let mut dimmed = false;
-    let mut italic = false;
-    let mut underline = false;
-    let mut blink = false;
-    let mut reverse = false;
-    let mut hidden = false;
-    let mut strikethrough = false;
+    if let Some(attrs) = nu_style.attr {
+        fill_modifiers(&attrs, &mut style)
+    }
 
-    // since we can combine styles like bold-italic, iterate through the chars
-    // and set the bools for later use in the nu_ansi_term::Style application
-    for ch in color_attr.to_lowercase().chars() {
-        match ch {
-            'l' => blink = true,
-            'b' => bold = true,
-            'd' => dimmed = true,
-            'h' => hidden = true,
-            'i' => italic = true,
-            'r' => reverse = true,
-            's' => strikethrough = true,
-            'u' => underline = true,
-            'n' => (),
+    style
+}
+
+// Converts the color_config records, { fg, bg, attr }, into a Style.
+pub fn color_record_to_nustyle(value: &Value) -> Style {
+    let mut fg = None;
+    let mut bg = None;
+    let mut attr = None;
+    let v = value.as_record();
+    if let Ok((cols, inner_vals)) = v {
+        for (k, v) in cols.iter().zip(inner_vals) {
+            // Because config already type-checked the color_config records, this doesn't bother giving errors
+            // if there are unrecognised keys or bad values.
+            if let Ok(v) = v.as_string() {
+                match k.as_str() {
+                    "fg" => fg = Some(v),
+
+                    "bg" => bg = Some(v),
+
+                    "attr" => attr = Some(v),
                     _ => (),
                 }
             }
-
-    // here's where we build the nu_ansi_term::Style
-    Style {
-        foreground: fg_color,
-        background: bg_color,
-        is_blink: blink,
-        is_bold: bold,
-        is_dimmed: dimmed,
-        is_hidden: hidden,
-        is_italic: italic,
-        is_reverse: reverse,
-        is_strikethrough: strikethrough,
-        is_underline: underline,
         }
     }
 
-pub fn color_string_to_nustyle(color_string: String) -> Style {
-    // eprintln!("color_string: {}", &color_string);
-    if color_string.chars().count() < 1 {
-        Style::default()
-    } else {
-        let nu_style = match nu_json::from_str::<NuStyle>(&color_string) {
-            Ok(s) => s,
-            Err(_) => NuStyle {
-                fg: None,
-                bg: None,
-                attr: None,
-            },
-        };
-
-        parse_nustyle(nu_style)
-    }
+    parse_nustyle(NuStyle { fg, bg, attr })
 }
 
 pub fn color_from_hex(
@@ -101,3 +126,471 @@ pub fn color_from_hex(
         )))
     }
 }
+
+pub fn lookup_style(s: &str) -> Style {
+    match s {
+        "g" | "green" => Color::Green.normal(),
+        "gb" | "green_bold" => Color::Green.bold(),
+        "gu" | "green_underline" => Color::Green.underline(),
+        "gi" | "green_italic" => Color::Green.italic(),
+        "gd" | "green_dimmed" => Color::Green.dimmed(),
+        "gr" | "green_reverse" => Color::Green.reverse(),
+        "gbl" | "green_blink" => Color::Green.blink(),
+        "gst" | "green_strike" => Color::Green.strikethrough(),
+
+        "lg" | "light_green" => Color::LightGreen.normal(),
+        "lgb" | "light_green_bold" => Color::LightGreen.bold(),
+        "lgu" | "light_green_underline" => Color::LightGreen.underline(),
+        "lgi" | "light_green_italic" => Color::LightGreen.italic(),
+        "lgd" | "light_green_dimmed" => Color::LightGreen.dimmed(),
+        "lgr" | "light_green_reverse" => Color::LightGreen.reverse(),
+        "lgbl" | "light_green_blink" => Color::LightGreen.blink(),
+        "lgst" | "light_green_strike" => Color::LightGreen.strikethrough(),
+
+        "r" | "red" => Color::Red.normal(),
+        "rb" | "red_bold" => Color::Red.bold(),
+        "ru" | "red_underline" => Color::Red.underline(),
+        "ri" | "red_italic" => Color::Red.italic(),
+        "rd" | "red_dimmed" => Color::Red.dimmed(),
+        "rr" | "red_reverse" => Color::Red.reverse(),
+        "rbl" | "red_blink" => Color::Red.blink(),
+        "rst" | "red_strike" => Color::Red.strikethrough(),
+
+        "lr" | "light_red" => Color::LightRed.normal(),
+        "lrb" | "light_red_bold" => Color::LightRed.bold(),
+        "lru" | "light_red_underline" => Color::LightRed.underline(),
+        "lri" | "light_red_italic" => Color::LightRed.italic(),
+        "lrd" | "light_red_dimmed" => Color::LightRed.dimmed(),
+        "lrr" | "light_red_reverse" => Color::LightRed.reverse(),
+        "lrbl" | "light_red_blink" => Color::LightRed.blink(),
+        "lrst" | "light_red_strike" => Color::LightRed.strikethrough(),
+
+        "u" | "blue" => Color::Blue.normal(),
+        "ub" | "blue_bold" => Color::Blue.bold(),
+        "uu" | "blue_underline" => Color::Blue.underline(),
+        "ui" | "blue_italic" => Color::Blue.italic(),
+        "ud" | "blue_dimmed" => Color::Blue.dimmed(),
+        "ur" | "blue_reverse" => Color::Blue.reverse(),
+        "ubl" | "blue_blink" => Color::Blue.blink(),
+        "ust" | "blue_strike" => Color::Blue.strikethrough(),
+
+        "lu" | "light_blue" => Color::LightBlue.normal(),
+        "lub" | "light_blue_bold" => Color::LightBlue.bold(),
+        "luu" | "light_blue_underline" => Color::LightBlue.underline(),
+        "lui" | "light_blue_italic" => Color::LightBlue.italic(),
+        "lud" | "light_blue_dimmed" => Color::LightBlue.dimmed(),
+        "lur" | "light_blue_reverse" => Color::LightBlue.reverse(),
+        "lubl" | "light_blue_blink" => Color::LightBlue.blink(),
+        "lust" | "light_blue_strike" => Color::LightBlue.strikethrough(),
+
+        "b" | "black" => Color::Black.normal(),
+        "bb" | "black_bold" => Color::Black.bold(),
+        "bu" | "black_underline" => Color::Black.underline(),
+        "bi" | "black_italic" => Color::Black.italic(),
+        "bd" | "black_dimmed" => Color::Black.dimmed(),
+        "br" | "black_reverse" => Color::Black.reverse(),
+        "bbl" | "black_blink" => Color::Black.blink(),
+        "bst" | "black_strike" => Color::Black.strikethrough(),
+
+        "ligr" | "light_gray" => Color::LightGray.normal(),
+        "ligrb" | "light_gray_bold" => Color::LightGray.bold(),
+        "ligru" | "light_gray_underline" => Color::LightGray.underline(),
+        "ligri" | "light_gray_italic" => Color::LightGray.italic(),
+        "ligrd" | "light_gray_dimmed" => Color::LightGray.dimmed(),
+        "ligrr" | "light_gray_reverse" => Color::LightGray.reverse(),
+        "ligrbl" | "light_gray_blink" => Color::LightGray.blink(),
+        "ligrst" | "light_gray_strike" => Color::LightGray.strikethrough(),
+
+        "y" | "yellow" => Color::Yellow.normal(),
+        "yb" | "yellow_bold" => Color::Yellow.bold(),
+        "yu" | "yellow_underline" => Color::Yellow.underline(),
+        "yi" | "yellow_italic" => Color::Yellow.italic(),
+        "yd" | "yellow_dimmed" => Color::Yellow.dimmed(),
+        "yr" | "yellow_reverse" => Color::Yellow.reverse(),
+        "ybl" | "yellow_blink" => Color::Yellow.blink(),
+        "yst" | "yellow_strike" => Color::Yellow.strikethrough(),
+
+        "ly" | "light_yellow" => Color::LightYellow.normal(),
+        "lyb" | "light_yellow_bold" => Color::LightYellow.bold(),
+        "lyu" | "light_yellow_underline" => Color::LightYellow.underline(),
+        "lyi" | "light_yellow_italic" => Color::LightYellow.italic(),
+        "lyd" | "light_yellow_dimmed" => Color::LightYellow.dimmed(),
+        "lyr" | "light_yellow_reverse" => Color::LightYellow.reverse(),
+        "lybl" | "light_yellow_blink" => Color::LightYellow.blink(),
+        "lyst" | "light_yellow_strike" => Color::LightYellow.strikethrough(),
+
+        "p" | "purple" => Color::Purple.normal(),
+        "pb" | "purple_bold" => Color::Purple.bold(),
+        "pu" | "purple_underline" => Color::Purple.underline(),
+        "pi" | "purple_italic" => Color::Purple.italic(),
+        "pd" | "purple_dimmed" => Color::Purple.dimmed(),
+        "pr" | "purple_reverse" => Color::Purple.reverse(),
+        "pbl" | "purple_blink" => Color::Purple.blink(),
+        "pst" | "purple_strike" => Color::Purple.strikethrough(),
+
+        "lp" | "light_purple" => Color::LightPurple.normal(),
+        "lpb" | "light_purple_bold" => Color::LightPurple.bold(),
+        "lpu" | "light_purple_underline" => Color::LightPurple.underline(),
+        "lpi" | "light_purple_italic" => Color::LightPurple.italic(),
+        "lpd" | "light_purple_dimmed" => Color::LightPurple.dimmed(),
+        "lpr" | "light_purple_reverse" => Color::LightPurple.reverse(),
+        "lpbl" | "light_purple_blink" => Color::LightPurple.blink(),
+        "lpst" | "light_purple_strike" => Color::LightPurple.strikethrough(),
+
+        "c" | "cyan" => Color::Cyan.normal(),
+        "cb" | "cyan_bold" => Color::Cyan.bold(),
+        "cu" | "cyan_underline" => Color::Cyan.underline(),
+        "ci" | "cyan_italic" => Color::Cyan.italic(),
+        "cd" | "cyan_dimmed" => Color::Cyan.dimmed(),
+        "cr" | "cyan_reverse" => Color::Cyan.reverse(),
+        "cbl" | "cyan_blink" => Color::Cyan.blink(),
+        "cst" | "cyan_strike" => Color::Cyan.strikethrough(),
+
+        "lc" | "light_cyan" => Color::LightCyan.normal(),
+        "lcb" | "light_cyan_bold" => Color::LightCyan.bold(),
+        "lcu" | "light_cyan_underline" => Color::LightCyan.underline(),
+        "lci" | "light_cyan_italic" => Color::LightCyan.italic(),
+        "lcd" | "light_cyan_dimmed" => Color::LightCyan.dimmed(),
+        "lcr" | "light_cyan_reverse" => Color::LightCyan.reverse(),
+        "lcbl" | "light_cyan_blink" => Color::LightCyan.blink(),
+        "lcst" | "light_cyan_strike" => Color::LightCyan.strikethrough(),
+
+        "w" | "white" => Color::White.normal(),
+        "wb" | "white_bold" => Color::White.bold(),
+        "wu" | "white_underline" => Color::White.underline(),
+        "wi" | "white_italic" => Color::White.italic(),
+        "wd" | "white_dimmed" => Color::White.dimmed(),
+        "wr" | "white_reverse" => Color::White.reverse(),
+        "wbl" | "white_blink" => Color::White.blink(),
+        "wst" | "white_strike" => Color::White.strikethrough(),
+
+        "dgr" | "dark_gray" => Color::DarkGray.normal(),
+        "dgrb" | "dark_gray_bold" => Color::DarkGray.bold(),
+        "dgru" | "dark_gray_underline" => Color::DarkGray.underline(),
+        "dgri" | "dark_gray_italic" => Color::DarkGray.italic(),
+        "dgrd" | "dark_gray_dimmed" => Color::DarkGray.dimmed(),
+        "dgrr" | "dark_gray_reverse" => Color::DarkGray.reverse(),
+        "dgrbl" | "dark_gray_blink" => Color::DarkGray.blink(),
+        "dgrst" | "dark_gray_strike" => Color::DarkGray.strikethrough(),
+
+        "def" | "default" => Color::Default.normal(),
+        "defb" | "default_bold" => Color::Default.bold(),
+        "defu" | "default_underline" => Color::Default.underline(),
+        "defi" | "default_italic" => Color::Default.italic(),
+        "defd" | "default_dimmed" => Color::Default.dimmed(),
+        "defr" | "default_reverse" => Color::Default.reverse(),
+
+        // Add xterm 256 colors adding an x prefix where the name conflicts
+        "xblack" | "xterm_black" => Color::Fixed(0).normal(),
+        "maroon" | "xterm_maroon" => Color::Fixed(1).normal(),
+        "xgreen" | "xterm_green" => Color::Fixed(2).normal(),
+        "olive" | "xterm_olive" => Color::Fixed(3).normal(),
+        "navy" | "xterm_navy" => Color::Fixed(4).normal(),
+        "xpurplea" | "xterm_purplea" => Color::Fixed(5).normal(),
+        "teal" | "xterm_teal" => Color::Fixed(6).normal(),
+        "silver" | "xterm_silver" => Color::Fixed(7).normal(),
+        "grey" | "xterm_grey" => Color::Fixed(8).normal(),
+        "xred" | "xterm_red" => Color::Fixed(9).normal(),
+        "lime" | "xterm_lime" => Color::Fixed(10).normal(),
+        "xyellow" | "xterm_yellow" => Color::Fixed(11).normal(),
+        "xblue" | "xterm_blue" => Color::Fixed(12).normal(),
+        "fuchsia" | "xterm_fuchsia" => Color::Fixed(13).normal(),
+        "aqua" | "xterm_aqua" => Color::Fixed(14).normal(),
+        "xwhite" | "xterm_white" => Color::Fixed(15).normal(),
+        "grey0" | "xterm_grey0" => Color::Fixed(16).normal(),
+        "navyblue" | "xterm_navyblue" => Color::Fixed(17).normal(),
+        "darkblue" | "xterm_darkblue" => Color::Fixed(18).normal(),
+        "blue3a" | "xterm_blue3a" => Color::Fixed(19).normal(),
+        "blue3b" | "xterm_blue3b" => Color::Fixed(20).normal(),
+        "blue1" | "xterm_blue1" => Color::Fixed(21).normal(),
+        "darkgreen" | "xterm_darkgreen" => Color::Fixed(22).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue4a" | "xterm_deepskyblue4a" => Color::Fixed(23).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue4b" | "xterm_deepskyblue4b" => Color::Fixed(24).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue4c" | "xterm_deepskyblue4c" => Color::Fixed(25).normal(),
+        "dodgerblue3" | "xterm_dodgerblue3" => Color::Fixed(26).normal(),
+        "dodgerblue2" | "xterm_dodgerblue2" => Color::Fixed(27).normal(),
+        "green4" | "xterm_green4" => Color::Fixed(28).normal(),
+        "springgreen4" | "xterm_springgreen4" => Color::Fixed(29).normal(),
+        "turquoise4" | "xterm_turquoise4" => Color::Fixed(30).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue3a" | "xterm_deepskyblue3a" => Color::Fixed(31).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue3b" | "xterm_deepskyblue3b" => Color::Fixed(32).normal(),
+        "dodgerblue1" | "xterm_dodgerblue1" => Color::Fixed(33).normal(),
+        "green3a" | "xterm_green3a" => Color::Fixed(34).normal(),
+        "springgreen3a" | "xterm_springgreen3a" => Color::Fixed(35).normal(),
+        "darkcyan" | "xterm_darkcyan" => Color::Fixed(36).normal(),
+        "lightseagreen" | "xterm_lightseagreen" => Color::Fixed(37).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue2" | "xterm_deepskyblue2" => Color::Fixed(38).normal(),
+        "deepskyblue1" | "xterm_deepskyblue1" => Color::Fixed(39).normal(),
+        "green3b" | "xterm_green3b" => Color::Fixed(40).normal(),
+        "springgreen3b" | "xterm_springgreen3b" => Color::Fixed(41).normal(),
+        "springgreen2a" | "xterm_springgreen2a" => Color::Fixed(42).normal(),
+        "cyan3" | "xterm_cyan3" => Color::Fixed(43).normal(),
+        "darkturquoise" | "xterm_darkturquoise" => Color::Fixed(44).normal(),
+        "turquoise2" | "xterm_turquoise2" => Color::Fixed(45).normal(),
+        "green1" | "xterm_green1" => Color::Fixed(46).normal(),
+        "springgreen2b" | "xterm_springgreen2b" => Color::Fixed(47).normal(),
+        "springgreen1" | "xterm_springgreen1" => Color::Fixed(48).normal(),
+        "mediumspringgreen" | "xterm_mediumspringgreen" => Color::Fixed(49).normal(),
+        "cyan2" | "xterm_cyan2" => Color::Fixed(50).normal(),
+        "cyan1" | "xterm_cyan1" => Color::Fixed(51).normal(),
+        "darkreda" | "xterm_darkreda" => Color::Fixed(52).normal(),
+        "deeppink4a" | "xterm_deeppink4a" => Color::Fixed(53).normal(),
+        "purple4a" | "xterm_purple4a" => Color::Fixed(54).normal(),
+        "purple4b" | "xterm_purple4b" => Color::Fixed(55).normal(),
+        "purple3" | "xterm_purple3" => Color::Fixed(56).normal(),
+        "blueviolet" | "xterm_blueviolet" => Color::Fixed(57).normal(),
+        "orange4a" | "xterm_orange4a" => Color::Fixed(58).normal(),
+        "grey37" | "xterm_grey37" => Color::Fixed(59).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple4" | "xterm_mediumpurple4" => Color::Fixed(60).normal(),
+        "slateblue3a" | "xterm_slateblue3a" => Color::Fixed(61).normal(),
+        "slateblue3b" | "xterm_slateblue3b" => Color::Fixed(62).normal(),
+        "royalblue1" | "xterm_royalblue1" => Color::Fixed(63).normal(),
+        "chartreuse4" | "xterm_chartreuse4" => Color::Fixed(64).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen4a" | "xterm_darkseagreen4a" => Color::Fixed(65).normal(),
+        "paleturquoise4" | "xterm_paleturquoise4" => Color::Fixed(66).normal(),
+        "steelblue" | "xterm_steelblue" => Color::Fixed(67).normal(),
+        "steelblue3" | "xterm_steelblue3" => Color::Fixed(68).normal(),
+        "cornflowerblue" | "xterm_cornflowerblue" => Color::Fixed(69).normal(),
+        "chartreuse3a" | "xterm_chartreuse3a" => Color::Fixed(70).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen4b" | "xterm_darkseagreen4b" => Color::Fixed(71).normal(),
+        "cadetbluea" | "xterm_cadetbluea" => Color::Fixed(72).normal(),
+        "cadetblueb" | "xterm_cadetblueb" => Color::Fixed(73).normal(),
+        "skyblue3" | "xterm_skyblue3" => Color::Fixed(74).normal(),
+        "steelblue1a" | "xterm_steelblue1a" => Color::Fixed(75).normal(),
+        "chartreuse3b" | "xterm_chartreuse3b" => Color::Fixed(76).normal(),
+        "palegreen3a" | "xterm_palegreen3a" => Color::Fixed(77).normal(),
+        "seagreen3" | "xterm_seagreen3" => Color::Fixed(78).normal(),
+        "aquamarine3" | "xterm_aquamarine3" => Color::Fixed(79).normal(),
+        "mediumturquoise" | "xterm_mediumturquoise" => Color::Fixed(80).normal(),
+        "steelblue1b" | "xterm_steelblue1b" => Color::Fixed(81).normal(),
+        "chartreuse2a" | "xterm_chartreuse2a" => Color::Fixed(82).normal(),
+        "seagreen2" | "xterm_seagreen2" => Color::Fixed(83).normal(),
+        "seagreen1a" | "xterm_seagreen1a" => Color::Fixed(84).normal(),
+        "seagreen1b" | "xterm_seagreen1b" => Color::Fixed(85).normal(),
+        "aquamarine1a" | "xterm_aquamarine1a" => Color::Fixed(86).normal(),
+        "darkslategray2" | "xterm_darkslategray2" => Color::Fixed(87).normal(),
+        "darkredb" | "xterm_darkredb" => Color::Fixed(88).normal(),
+        "deeppink4b" | "xterm_deeppink4b" => Color::Fixed(89).normal(),
+        "darkmagentaa" | "xterm_darkmagentaa" => Color::Fixed(90).normal(),
+        "darkmagentab" | "xterm_darkmagentab" => Color::Fixed(91).normal(),
+        "darkvioleta" | "xterm_darkvioleta" => Color::Fixed(92).normal(),
+        "xpurpleb" | "xterm_purpleb" => Color::Fixed(93).normal(),
+        "orange4b" | "xterm_orange4b" => Color::Fixed(94).normal(),
+        "lightpink4" | "xterm_lightpink4" => Color::Fixed(95).normal(),
+        "plum4" | "xterm_plum4" => Color::Fixed(96).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple3a" | "xterm_mediumpurple3a" => Color::Fixed(97).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple3b" | "xterm_mediumpurple3b" => Color::Fixed(98).normal(),
+        "slateblue1" | "xterm_slateblue1" => Color::Fixed(99).normal(),
+        "yellow4a" | "xterm_yellow4a" => Color::Fixed(100).normal(),
+        "wheat4" | "xterm_wheat4" => Color::Fixed(101).normal(),
+        "grey53" | "xterm_grey53" => Color::Fixed(102).normal(),
+        "lightslategrey" | "xterm_lightslategrey" => Color::Fixed(103).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple" | "xterm_mediumpurple" => Color::Fixed(104).normal(),
+        "lightslateblue" | "xterm_lightslateblue" => Color::Fixed(105).normal(),
+        "yellow4b" | "xterm_yellow4b" => Color::Fixed(106).normal(),
+        "darkolivegreen3a" | "xterm_darkolivegreen3a" => Color::Fixed(107).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen" | "xterm_darkseagreen" => Color::Fixed(108).normal(),
+        "lightskyblue3a" | "xterm_lightskyblue3a" => Color::Fixed(109).normal(),
+        "lightskyblue3b" | "xterm_lightskyblue3b" => Color::Fixed(110).normal(),
+        "skyblue2" | "xterm_skyblue2" => Color::Fixed(111).normal(),
+        "chartreuse2b" | "xterm_chartreuse2b" => Color::Fixed(112).normal(),
+        "darkolivegreen3b" | "xterm_darkolivegreen3b" => Color::Fixed(113).normal(),
+        "palegreen3b" | "xterm_palegreen3b" => Color::Fixed(114).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen3a" | "xterm_darkseagreen3a" => Color::Fixed(115).normal(),
+        "darkslategray3" | "xterm_darkslategray3" => Color::Fixed(116).normal(),
+        "skyblue1" | "xterm_skyblue1" => Color::Fixed(117).normal(),
+        "chartreuse1" | "xterm_chartreuse1" => Color::Fixed(118).normal(),
+        "lightgreena" | "xterm_lightgreena" => Color::Fixed(119).normal(),
+        "lightgreenb" | "xterm_lightgreenb" => Color::Fixed(120).normal(),
+        "palegreen1a" | "xterm_palegreen1a" => Color::Fixed(121).normal(),
+        "aquamarine1b" | "xterm_aquamarine1b" => Color::Fixed(122).normal(),
+        "darkslategray1" | "xterm_darkslategray1" => Color::Fixed(123).normal(),
+        "red3a" | "xterm_red3a" => Color::Fixed(124).normal(),
+        "deeppink4c" | "xterm_deeppink4c" => Color::Fixed(125).normal(),
+        "mediumvioletred" | "xterm_mediumvioletred" => Color::Fixed(126).normal(),
+        "magenta3" | "xterm_magenta3" => Color::Fixed(127).normal(),
+        "darkvioletb" | "xterm_darkvioletb" => Color::Fixed(128).normal(),
+        "purplec" | "xterm_purplec" => Color::Fixed(129).normal(),
+        "darkorange3a" | "xterm_darkorange3a" => Color::Fixed(130).normal(),
+        "indianreda" | "xterm_indianreda" => Color::Fixed(131).normal(),
+        "hotpink3a" | "xterm_hotpink3a" => Color::Fixed(132).normal(),
+        "mediumorchid3" | "xterm_mediumorchid3" => Color::Fixed(133).normal(),
+        "mediumorchid" | "xterm_mediumorchid" => Color::Fixed(134).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple2a" | "xterm_mediumpurple2a" => Color::Fixed(135).normal(),
+        "darkgoldenrod" | "xterm_darkgoldenrod" => Color::Fixed(136).normal(),
+        "lightsalmon3a" | "xterm_lightsalmon3a" => Color::Fixed(137).normal(),
+        "rosybrown" | "xterm_rosybrown" => Color::Fixed(138).normal(),
+        "grey63" | "xterm_grey63" => Color::Fixed(139).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple2b" | "xterm_mediumpurple2b" => Color::Fixed(140).normal(),
+        "mediumpurple1" | "xterm_mediumpurple1" => Color::Fixed(141).normal(),
+        "gold3a" | "xterm_gold3a" => Color::Fixed(142).normal(),
+        "darkkhaki" | "xterm_darkkhaki" => Color::Fixed(143).normal(),
+        "navajowhite3" | "xterm_navajowhite3" => Color::Fixed(144).normal(),
+        "grey69" | "xterm_grey69" => Color::Fixed(145).normal(),
+        "lightsteelblue3" | "xterm_lightsteelblue3" => Color::Fixed(146).normal(),
+        "lightsteelblue" | "xterm_lightsteelblue" => Color::Fixed(147).normal(),
+        "yellow3a" | "xterm_yellow3a" => Color::Fixed(148).normal(),
+        "darkolivegreen3c" | "xterm_darkolivegreen3c" => Color::Fixed(149).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen3b" | "xterm_darkseagreen3b" => Color::Fixed(150).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen2a" | "xterm_darkseagreen2a" => Color::Fixed(151).normal(),
+        "lightcyan3" | "xterm_lightcyan3" => Color::Fixed(152).normal(),
+        "lightskyblue1" | "xterm_lightskyblue1" => Color::Fixed(153).normal(),
+        "greenyellow" | "xterm_greenyellow" => Color::Fixed(154).normal(),
+        "darkolivegreen2" | "xterm_darkolivegreen2" => Color::Fixed(155).normal(),
+        "palegreen1b" | "xterm_palegreen1b" => Color::Fixed(156).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen2b" | "xterm_darkseagreen2b" => Color::Fixed(157).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen1a" | "xterm_darkseagreen1a" => Color::Fixed(158).normal(),
+        "paleturquoise1" | "xterm_paleturquoise1" => Color::Fixed(159).normal(),
+        "red3b" | "xterm_red3b" => Color::Fixed(160).normal(),
+        "deeppink3a" | "xterm_deeppink3a" => Color::Fixed(161).normal(),
+        "deeppink3b" | "xterm_deeppink3b" => Color::Fixed(162).normal(),
+        "magenta3a" | "xterm_magenta3a" => Color::Fixed(163).normal(),
+        "magenta3b" | "xterm_magenta3b" => Color::Fixed(164).normal(),
+        "magenta2a" | "xterm_magenta2a" => Color::Fixed(165).normal(),
+        "darkorange3b" | "xterm_darkorange3b" => Color::Fixed(166).normal(),
+        "indianredb" | "xterm_indianredb" => Color::Fixed(167).normal(),
+        "hotpink3b" | "xterm_hotpink3b" => Color::Fixed(168).normal(),
+        "hotpink2" | "xterm_hotpink2" => Color::Fixed(169).normal(),
+        "orchid" | "xterm_orchid" => Color::Fixed(170).normal(),
+        "mediumorchid1a" | "xterm_mediumorchid1a" => Color::Fixed(171).normal(),
+        "orange3" | "xterm_orange3" => Color::Fixed(172).normal(),
+        "lightsalmon3b" | "xterm_lightsalmon3b" => Color::Fixed(173).normal(),
+        "lightpink3" | "xterm_lightpink3" => Color::Fixed(174).normal(),
+        "pink3" | "xterm_pink3" => Color::Fixed(175).normal(),
+        "plum3" | "xterm_plum3" => Color::Fixed(176).normal(),
+        "violet" | "xterm_violet" => Color::Fixed(177).normal(),
+        "gold3b" | "xterm_gold3b" => Color::Fixed(178).normal(),
+        "lightgoldenrod3" | "xterm_lightgoldenrod3" => Color::Fixed(179).normal(),
+        "tan" | "xterm_tan" => Color::Fixed(180).normal(),
+        "mistyrose3" | "xterm_mistyrose3" => Color::Fixed(181).normal(),
+        "thistle3" | "xterm_thistle3" => Color::Fixed(182).normal(),
+        "plum2" | "xterm_plum2" => Color::Fixed(183).normal(),
+        "yellow3b" | "xterm_yellow3b" => Color::Fixed(184).normal(),
+        "khaki3" | "xterm_khaki3" => Color::Fixed(185).normal(),
+        "lightgoldenrod2" | "xterm_lightgoldenrod2" => Color::Fixed(186).normal(),
+        "lightyellow3" | "xterm_lightyellow3" => Color::Fixed(187).normal(),
+        "grey84" | "xterm_grey84" => Color::Fixed(188).normal(),
+        "lightsteelblue1" | "xterm_lightsteelblue1" => Color::Fixed(189).normal(),
+        "yellow2" | "xterm_yellow2" => Color::Fixed(190).normal(),
+        "darkolivegreen1a" | "xterm_darkolivegreen1a" => Color::Fixed(191).normal(),
+        "darkolivegreen1b" | "xterm_darkolivegreen1b" => Color::Fixed(192).normal(),
+        "darkseagreen1b" | "xterm_darkseagreen1b" => Color::Fixed(193).normal(),
+        "honeydew2" | "xterm_honeydew2" => Color::Fixed(194).normal(),
+        "lightcyan1" | "xterm_lightcyan1" => Color::Fixed(195).normal(),
+        "red1" | "xterm_red1" => Color::Fixed(196).normal(),
+        "deeppink2" | "xterm_deeppink2" => Color::Fixed(197).normal(),
+        "deeppink1a" | "xterm_deeppink1a" => Color::Fixed(198).normal(),
+        "deeppink1b" | "xterm_deeppink1b" => Color::Fixed(199).normal(),
+        "magenta2b" | "xterm_magenta2b" => Color::Fixed(200).normal(),
+        "magenta1" | "xterm_magenta1" => Color::Fixed(201).normal(),
+        "orangered1" | "xterm_orangered1" => Color::Fixed(202).normal(),
+        "indianred1a" | "xterm_indianred1a" => Color::Fixed(203).normal(),
+        "indianred1b" | "xterm_indianred1b" => Color::Fixed(204).normal(),
+        "hotpinka" | "xterm_hotpinka" => Color::Fixed(205).normal(),
+        "hotpinkb" | "xterm_hotpinkb" => Color::Fixed(206).normal(),
+        "mediumorchid1b" | "xterm_mediumorchid1b" => Color::Fixed(207).normal(),
+        "darkorange" | "xterm_darkorange" => Color::Fixed(208).normal(),
+        "salmon1" | "xterm_salmon1" => Color::Fixed(209).normal(),
+        "lightcoral" | "xterm_lightcoral" => Color::Fixed(210).normal(),
+        "palevioletred1" | "xterm_palevioletred1" => Color::Fixed(211).normal(),
+        "orchid2" | "xterm_orchid2" => Color::Fixed(212).normal(),
+        "orchid1" | "xterm_orchid1" => Color::Fixed(213).normal(),
+        "orange1" | "xterm_orange1" => Color::Fixed(214).normal(),
+        "sandybrown" | "xterm_sandybrown" => Color::Fixed(215).normal(),
+        "lightsalmon1" | "xterm_lightsalmon1" => Color::Fixed(216).normal(),
+        "lightpink1" | "xterm_lightpink1" => Color::Fixed(217).normal(),
+        "pink1" | "xterm_pink1" => Color::Fixed(218).normal(),
+        "plum1" | "xterm_plum1" => Color::Fixed(219).normal(),
+        "gold1" | "xterm_gold1" => Color::Fixed(220).normal(),
+        "lightgoldenrod2a" | "xterm_lightgoldenrod2a" => Color::Fixed(221).normal(),
+        "lightgoldenrod2b" | "xterm_lightgoldenrod2b" => Color::Fixed(222).normal(),
+        "navajowhite1" | "xterm_navajowhite1" => Color::Fixed(223).normal(),
+        "mistyrose1" | "xterm_mistyrose1" => Color::Fixed(224).normal(),
+        "thistle1" | "xterm_thistle1" => Color::Fixed(225).normal(),
+        "yellow1" | "xterm_yellow1" => Color::Fixed(226).normal(),
+        "lightgoldenrod1" | "xterm_lightgoldenrod1" => Color::Fixed(227).normal(),
+        "khaki1" | "xterm_khaki1" => Color::Fixed(228).normal(),
+        "wheat1" | "xterm_wheat1" => Color::Fixed(229).normal(),
+        "cornsilk1" | "xterm_cornsilk1" => Color::Fixed(230).normal(),
+        "grey100" | "xterm_grey100" => Color::Fixed(231).normal(),
+        "grey3" | "xterm_grey3" => Color::Fixed(232).normal(),
+        "grey7" | "xterm_grey7" => Color::Fixed(233).normal(),
+        "grey11" | "xterm_grey11" => Color::Fixed(234).normal(),
+        "grey15" | "xterm_grey15" => Color::Fixed(235).normal(),
+        "grey19" | "xterm_grey19" => Color::Fixed(236).normal(),
+        "grey23" | "xterm_grey23" => Color::Fixed(237).normal(),
+        "grey27" | "xterm_grey27" => Color::Fixed(238).normal(),
+        "grey30" | "xterm_grey30" => Color::Fixed(239).normal(),
+        "grey35" | "xterm_grey35" => Color::Fixed(240).normal(),
+        "grey39" | "xterm_grey39" => Color::Fixed(241).normal(),
+        "grey42" | "xterm_grey42" => Color::Fixed(242).normal(),
+        "grey46" | "xterm_grey46" => Color::Fixed(243).normal(),
+        "grey50" | "xterm_grey50" => Color::Fixed(244).normal(),
+        "grey54" | "xterm_grey54" => Color::Fixed(245).normal(),
+        "grey58" | "xterm_grey58" => Color::Fixed(246).normal(),
+        "grey62" | "xterm_grey62" => Color::Fixed(247).normal(),
+        "grey66" | "xterm_grey66" => Color::Fixed(248).normal(),
+        "grey70" | "xterm_grey70" => Color::Fixed(249).normal(),
+        "grey74" | "xterm_grey74" => Color::Fixed(250).normal(),
+        "grey78" | "xterm_grey78" => Color::Fixed(251).normal(),
+        "grey82" | "xterm_grey82" => Color::Fixed(252).normal(),
+        "grey85" | "xterm_grey85" => Color::Fixed(253).normal(),
+        "grey89" | "xterm_grey89" => Color::Fixed(254).normal(),
+        "grey93" | "xterm_grey93" => Color::Fixed(255).normal(),
+        _ => Color::White.normal(),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn lookup_color(s: &str) -> Option<Color> {
+    let color = match s {
+        "g" | "green" => Color::Green,
+        "lg" | "light_green" => Color::LightGreen,
+        "r" | "red" => Color::Red,
+        "lr" | "light_red" => Color::LightRed,
+        "u" | "blue" => Color::Blue,
+        "lu" | "light_blue" => Color::LightBlue,
+        "b" | "black" => Color::Black,
+        "ligr" | "light_gray" => Color::LightGray,
+        "y" | "yellow" => Color::Yellow,
+        "ly" | "light_yellow" => Color::LightYellow,
+        "p" | "purple" => Color::Purple,
+        "lp" | "light_purple" => Color::LightPurple,
+        "c" | "cyan" => Color::Cyan,
+        "lc" | "light_cyan" => Color::LightCyan,
+        "w" | "white" => Color::White,
+        "dgr" | "dark_gray" => Color::DarkGray,
+        "def" | "default" => Color::Default,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+
+    Some(color)
+}
+
+fn fill_modifiers(attrs: &str, style: &mut Style) {
+    // setup the attributes available in nu_ansi_term::Style
+    //
+    // since we can combine styles like bold-italic, iterate through the chars
+    // and set the bools for later use in the nu_ansi_term::Style application
+    for ch in attrs.to_lowercase().chars() {
+        match ch {
+            'l' => style.is_blink = true,
+            'b' => style.is_bold = true,
+            'd' => style.is_dimmed = true,
+            'h' => style.is_hidden = true,
+            'i' => style.is_italic = true,
+            'r' => style.is_reverse = true,
+            's' => style.is_strikethrough = true,
+            'u' => style.is_underline = true,
+            'n' => (),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn lookup_color_str(s: &str) -> Option<Color> {
+    if s.starts_with('#') {
+        color_from_hex(s).ok().and_then(|c| c)
+    } else {
+        lookup_color(s)
+    }
+}

crates/nu-color-config/src/shape_color.rs

@@ -9,32 +9,36 @@ pub fn get_shape_color(shape: String, conf: &Config) -> Style {
             Err(_) => Style::default(),
         },
         None => match shape.as_ref() {
-            "shape_garbage" => Style::new().fg(Color::White).on(Color::Red).bold(),
+            "shape_and" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
             "shape_binary" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
+            "shape_block" => Style::new().fg(Color::Blue).bold(),
             "shape_bool" => Style::new().fg(Color::LightCyan),
-            "shape_int" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
-            "shape_float" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
-            "shape_range" => Style::new().fg(Color::Yellow).bold(),
-            "shape_internalcall" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
+            "shape_custom" => Style::new().fg(Color::Green),
+            "shape_datetime" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
+            "shape_directory" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan),
             "shape_external" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan),
             "shape_externalarg" => Style::new().fg(Color::Green).bold(),
+            "shape_filepath" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan),
+            "shape_flag" => Style::new().fg(Color::Blue).bold(),
+            "shape_float" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
+            "shape_garbage" => Style::new().fg(Color::White).on(Color::Red).bold(),
+            "shape_globpattern" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
+            "shape_int" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
+            "shape_internalcall" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
+            "shape_list" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
             "shape_literal" => Style::new().fg(Color::Blue),
+            "shape_nothing" => Style::new().fg(Color::LightCyan),
             "shape_operator" => Style::new().fg(Color::Yellow),
+            "shape_or" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
+            "shape_pipe" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
+            "shape_range" => Style::new().fg(Color::Yellow).bold(),
+            "shape_record" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
+            "shape_redirection" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple).bold(),
             "shape_signature" => Style::new().fg(Color::Green).bold(),
             "shape_string" => Style::new().fg(Color::Green),
             "shape_string_interpolation" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
-            "shape_datetime" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
-            "shape_list" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
             "shape_table" => Style::new().fg(Color::Blue).bold(),
-            "shape_record" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
-            "shape_block" => Style::new().fg(Color::Blue).bold(),
-            "shape_filepath" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan),
-            "shape_directory" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan),
-            "shape_globpattern" => Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan).bold(),
             "shape_variable" => Style::new().fg(Color::Purple),
-            "shape_flag" => Style::new().fg(Color::Blue).bold(),
-            "shape_custom" => Style::new().fg(Color::Green),
-            "shape_nothing" => Style::new().fg(Color::LightCyan),
             _ => Style::default(),
         },
     }

crates/nu-color-config/src/style_computer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+use crate::{color_record_to_nustyle, lookup_ansi_color_style, TextStyle};
+use nu_ansi_term::{Color, Style};
+use nu_engine::eval_block;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
+    CliError, IntoPipelineData, Value,
+};
+use tabled::alignment::AlignmentHorizontal;
+
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fmt::{Debug, Formatter, Result},
+};
+
+// ComputableStyle represents the valid user style types: a single color value, or a closure which
+// takes an input value and produces a color value. The latter represents a value which
+// is computed at use-time.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum ComputableStyle {
+    Static(Style),
+    Closure(Value),
+}
+
+// macro used for adding initial values to the style hashmap
+macro_rules! initial {
+    ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {
+        ($a.to_string(), ComputableStyle::Static($b))
+    };
+}
+
+// An alias for the mapping used internally by StyleComputer.
+pub type StyleMapping = HashMap<String, ComputableStyle>;
+//
+// A StyleComputer is an all-in-one way to compute styles. A nu command can
+// simply create it with from_config(), and then use it with compute().
+// It stores the engine state and stack needed to run closures that
+// may be defined as a user style.
+//
+pub struct StyleComputer<'a> {
+    engine_state: &'a EngineState,
+    stack: &'a Stack,
+    map: StyleMapping,
+}
+
+impl<'a> StyleComputer<'a> {
+    // This is NOT meant to be used in most cases - please use from_config() instead.
+    // This only exists for testing purposes.
+    pub fn new(
+        engine_state: &'a EngineState,
+        stack: &'a Stack,
+        map: StyleMapping,
+    ) -> StyleComputer<'a> {
+        StyleComputer {
+            engine_state,
+            stack,
+            map,
+        }
+    }
+    // The main method. Takes a string name which maps to a color_config style name,
+    // and a Nu value to pipe into any closures that may have been defined there.
+    pub fn compute(&self, style_name: &str, value: &Value) -> Style {
+        match self.map.get(style_name) {
+            // Static values require no computation.
+            Some(ComputableStyle::Static(s)) => *s,
+            // Closures are run here.
+            Some(ComputableStyle::Closure(Value::Closure {
+                val: block_id,
+                captures,
+                span,
+            })) => {
+                let block = self.engine_state.get_block(*block_id).clone();
+                // Because captures_to_stack() clones, we don't need to use with_env() here
+                // (contrast with_env() usage in `each` or `do`).
+                let mut stack = self.stack.captures_to_stack(captures);
+
+                // Support 1-argument blocks as well as 0-argument blocks.
+                if let Some(var) = block.signature.get_positional(0) {
+                    if let Some(var_id) = &var.var_id {
+                        stack.add_var(*var_id, value.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Run the block.
+                match eval_block(
+                    self.engine_state,
+                    &mut stack,
+                    &block,
+                    value.clone().into_pipeline_data(),
+                    false,
+                    false,
+                ) {
+                    Ok(v) => {
+                        let value = v.into_value(*span);
+                        // These should be the same color data forms supported by color_config.
+                        match value {
+                            Value::Record { .. } => color_record_to_nustyle(&value),
+                            Value::String { val, .. } => lookup_ansi_color_style(&val),
+                            _ => Style::default(),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // This is basically a copy of nu_cli::report_error(), but that isn't usable due to
+                    // dependencies. While crudely spitting out a bunch of errors like this is not ideal,
+                    // currently hook closure errors behave roughly the same.
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        eprintln!(
+                            "Error: {:?}",
+                            CliError(&e, &StateWorkingSet::new(self.engine_state))
+                        );
+                        Style::default()
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // There should be no other kinds of values (due to create_map() in config.rs filtering them out)
+            // so this is just a fallback.
+            _ => Style::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Used only by the `table` command.
+    pub fn style_primitive(&self, value: &Value) -> TextStyle {
+        let s = self.compute(&value.get_type().to_string(), value);
+        match *value {
+            Value::Bool { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Int { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Right, s),
+
+            Value::Filesize { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Right, s),
+
+            Value::Duration { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Date { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Range { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Float { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Right, s),
+
+            Value::String { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Nothing { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Binary { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::CellPath { .. } => TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s),
+
+            Value::Record { .. } | Value::List { .. } | Value::Block { .. } => {
+                TextStyle::with_style(AlignmentHorizontal::Left, s)
+            }
+            _ => TextStyle::basic_left(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The main constructor.
+    pub fn from_config(engine_state: &'a EngineState, stack: &'a Stack) -> StyleComputer<'a> {
+        let config = engine_state.get_config();
+
+        // Create the hashmap
+        let mut map: StyleMapping = HashMap::from([
+            initial!("separator", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!(
+                "leading_trailing_space_bg",
+                Style::default().on(Color::Rgb(128, 128, 128))
+            ),
+            initial!("header", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("empty", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("bool", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("int", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("filesize", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("duration", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("date", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("range", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("float", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("string", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("nothing", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("binary", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("cellpath", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("row_index", Color::Green.bold()),
+            initial!("record", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("list", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("block", Color::White.normal()),
+            initial!("hints", Color::DarkGray.normal()),
+        ]);
+
+        for (key, value) in &config.color_config {
+            match value {
+                Value::Closure { .. } => {
+                    map.insert(key.to_string(), ComputableStyle::Closure(value.clone()));
+                }
+                Value::Record { .. } => {
+                    map.insert(
+                        key.to_string(),
+                        ComputableStyle::Static(color_record_to_nustyle(value)),
+                    );
+                }
+                Value::String { val, .. } => {
+                    // update the stylemap with the found key
+                    let color = lookup_ansi_color_style(val.as_str());
+                    if let Some(v) = map.get_mut(key) {
+                        *v = ComputableStyle::Static(color);
+                    } else {
+                        map.insert(key.to_string(), ComputableStyle::Static(color));
+                    }
+                }
+                // This should never occur.
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        StyleComputer::new(engine_state, stack, map)
+    }
+}
+
+// Because EngineState doesn't have Debug (Dec 2022),
+// this incomplete representation must be used.
+impl<'a> Debug for StyleComputer<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        f.debug_struct("StyleComputer")
+            .field("map", &self.map)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_computable_style_static() {
+    use nu_protocol::Span;
+
+    let style1 = Style::default().italic();
+    let style2 = Style::default().underline();
+    // Create a "dummy" style_computer for this test.
+    let dummy_engine_state = EngineState::new();
+    let mut dummy_stack = Stack::new();
+    let style_computer = StyleComputer::new(
+        &dummy_engine_state,
+        &mut dummy_stack,
+        HashMap::from([
+            ("string".into(), ComputableStyle::Static(style1)),
+            ("row_index".into(), ComputableStyle::Static(style2)),
+        ]),
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        style_computer.compute("string", &Value::nothing(Span::unknown())),
+        style1
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        style_computer.compute("row_index", &Value::nothing(Span::unknown())),
+        style2
+    );
+}
+
+// Because each closure currently runs in a separate environment, checks that the closures have run
+// must use the filesystem.
+#[test]
+fn test_computable_style_closure_basic() {
+    use nu_test_support::{nu, nu_repl_code, playground::Playground};
+    Playground::setup("computable_style_closure_basic", |dirs, _| {
+        let inp = [
+            r#"let-env config = {
+                color_config: {
+                    string: {|e| touch ($e + '.obj'); 'red' }
+                }
+            };"#,
+            "[bell book candle] | table | ignore",
+            "ls | get name | to nuon",
+        ];
+        let actual_repl = nu!(cwd: dirs.test(), nu_repl_code(&inp));
+        assert_eq!(actual_repl.err, "");
+        assert_eq!(actual_repl.out, "[bell.obj, book.obj, candle.obj]");
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_computable_style_closure_errors() {
+    use nu_test_support::{nu, nu_repl_code};
+    let inp = [
+        r#"let-env config = {
+            color_config: {
+                string: {|e| $e + 2 }
+            }
+        };"#,
+        "[bell] | table",
+    ];
+    let actual_repl = nu!(cwd: ".", nu_repl_code(&inp));
+    // Check that the error was printed
+    assert!(actual_repl.err.contains("type mismatch for operator"));
+    // Check that the value was printed
+    assert!(actual_repl.out.contains("bell"));
+}

crates/nu-color-config/src/text_style.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use nu_ansi_term::{Color, Style};
+use std::fmt::Display;
 
 pub type Alignment = tabled::alignment::AlignmentHorizontal;
 
@@ -239,3 +240,23 @@ impl Default for TextStyle {
         Self::new()
     }
 }
+
+impl tabled::papergrid::Color for TextStyle {
+    fn fmt_prefix(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(color) = &self.color_style {
+            color.prefix().fmt(f)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_suffix(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(color) = &self.color_style {
+            if !color.is_plain() {
+                f.write_str("\u{1b}[0m")?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,41 +5,42 @@ repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-command"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-command"
-version = "0.70.0"
+version = "0.73.0"
 build = "build.rs"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.70.0" }
-nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-pretty-hex = { path = "../nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-system = { path = "../nu-system", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-term-grid = { path = "../nu-term-grid", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.70.0"  }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.70.0" }
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.73.0" }
+nu-json = { path = "../nu-json", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-pretty-hex = { path = "../nu-pretty-hex", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-system = { path = "../nu-system", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-table = { path = "../nu-table", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-term-grid = { path = "../nu-term-grid", version = "0.73.0"  }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.73.0" }
+nu-explore = { path = "../nu-explore", version = "0.73.0" }
 nu-ansi-term = "0.46.0"
 num-format = { version = "0.4.3" }
 
 # Potential dependencies for extras
 alphanumeric-sort = "1.4.4"
+atty = "0.2.14"
 base64 = "0.13.0"
 byteorder = "1.4.3"
 bytesize = "1.1.0"
-calamine = "0.18.0"
-chrono = { version = "0.4.21", features = ["serde", "unstable-locales"] }
+calamine = "0.19.1"
+chrono = { version = "0.4.23", features = ["unstable-locales", "std"], default-features = false }
 chrono-humanize = "0.2.1"
 chrono-tz = "0.6.3"
 crossterm = "0.24.0"
 csv = "1.1.6"
-dialoguer = "0.9.0"
-digest = "0.10.0"
+dialoguer = { default-features = false, version = "0.9.0" }
+digest = { default-features = false, version = "0.10.0" }
 dtparse = "1.2.0"
 eml-parser = "0.1.0"
 encoding_rs = "0.8.30"
@@ -53,22 +54,23 @@ indexmap = { version="1.7", features=["serde-1"] }
 Inflector = "0.11"
 is-root = "0.1.2"
 itertools = "0.10.0"
-lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 log = "0.4.14"
-lscolors = { version = "0.12.0", features = ["crossterm"]}
+lscolors = { version = "0.12.0", features = ["crossterm"], default-features = false }
 md5 = { package = "md-5", version = "0.10.0" }
 meval = "0.2.0"
 mime = "0.3.16"
 notify = "4.0.17"
 num = { version = "0.4.0", optional = true }
 num-traits = "0.2.14"
+once_cell = "1.0"
 pathdiff = "0.2.1"
 powierza-coefficient = "1.0.1"
-quick-xml = "0.23.0"
+quick-xml = "0.25"
 rand = "0.8"
 rayon = "1.5.1"
+regex = "1.6.0"
 reqwest = {version = "0.11", features = ["blocking", "json"] }
-roxmltree = "0.14.0"
+roxmltree = "0.16.0"
 rust-embed = "6.3.0"
 same-file = "1.0.6"
 serde = { version="1.0.123", features=["derive"] }
@@ -78,7 +80,6 @@ serde_yaml = "0.9.4"
 sha2 = "0.10.0"
 # Disable default features b/c the default features build Git (very slow to compile)
 shadow-rs = { version = "0.16.1", default-features = false }
-strip-ansi-escapes = "0.1.1"
 sysinfo = "0.26.2"
 terminal_size = "0.2.1"
 thiserror = "1.0.31"
@@ -88,8 +89,8 @@ unicode-segmentation = "1.8.0"
 url = "2.2.1"
 uuid = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["v4"] }
 which = { version = "4.3.0", optional = true }
-reedline = { version = "0.13.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
-wax = { version =  "0.5.0", features = ["diagnostics"] }
+reedline = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"]}
+wax = { version =  "0.5.0" }
 rusqlite = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["bundled"], optional = true }
 sqlparser = { version = "0.23.0", features = ["serde"], optional = true }
 
@@ -99,13 +100,14 @@ winreg = "0.10.1"
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
 umask = "2.0.0"
 users = "0.11.0"
+libc = "0.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))'.dependencies.trash]
-version = "2.1.3"
+version = "3.0.0"
 optional = true
 
 [dependencies.polars]
-version = "0.23.2"
+version = "0.25.0"
 optional = true
 features = [
 	"arg_where",
@@ -136,9 +138,8 @@ features = [
 ]
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
-version = "0.37.0"
+version = "0.43.0"
 features = [
-    "alloc",
     "Win32_Foundation",
     "Win32_Storage_FileSystem",
 	"Win32_System_SystemServices",
@@ -148,13 +149,15 @@ features = [
 trash-support = ["trash"]
 which-support = ["which"]
 plugin = ["nu-parser/plugin"]
-dataframe = ["polars", "num"]
-database = ["sqlparser", "rusqlite"]
+dataframe = ["polars", "num", "sqlparser"]
+sqlite = ["rusqlite"] # TODO: given that rusqlite is included in reedline, should we just always include it?
 
 [build-dependencies]
 shadow-rs = { version = "0.16.1", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.73.0"  }
+
 hamcrest2 = "0.3.0"
 dirs-next = "2.0.0"
 proptest = "1.0.0"

crates/nu-command/src/bits/and.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits and")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required(
                 "target",
                 SyntaxShape::Int,
@@ -52,10 +54,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Apply bits and to two numbers",
                 example: "2 | bits and 2",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 2,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(2, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Apply logical and to a list of numbers",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/bits_.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ impl Command for Bits {
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
         Ok(Value::String {
-            val: get_full_help(&Bits.signature(), &Bits.examples(), engine_state, stack),
+            val: get_full_help(
+                &Bits.signature(),
+                &Bits.examples(),
+                engine_state,
+                stack,
+                self.is_parser_keyword(),
+            ),
             span: call.head,
         }
         .into_pipeline_data())

crates/nu-command/src/bits/not.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits not")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .switch(
                 "signed",
                 "always treat input number as a signed number",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/or.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits or")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required(
                 "target",
                 SyntaxShape::Int,
@@ -52,10 +54,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Apply bits or to two numbers",
                 example: "2 | bits or 6",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 6,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(6, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Apply logical or to a list of numbers",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/rotate_left.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 use num_traits::int::PrimInt;
 use std::fmt::Display;
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits rol")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to rotate left")
             .switch(
                 "signed",
@@ -74,10 +76,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Rotate left a number with 2 bits",
                 example: "17 | bits rol 2",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 68,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(68, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Rotate left a list of numbers with 2 bits",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/rotate_right.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 use num_traits::int::PrimInt;
 use std::fmt::Display;
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits ror")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to rotate right")
             .switch(
                 "signed",
@@ -74,10 +76,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Rotate right a number with 60 bits",
                 example: "17 | bits ror 60",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 272,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(272, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Rotate right a list of numbers of one byte",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/shift_left.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 use num_traits::CheckedShl;
 use std::fmt::Display;
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits shl")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to shift left")
             .switch(
                 "signed",
@@ -74,26 +76,17 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Shift left a number by 7 bits",
                 example: "2 | bits shl 7",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 256,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(256, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Shift left a number with 1 byte by 7 bits",
                 example: "2 | bits shl 7 -n 1",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 0,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(0, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Shift left a signed number by 1 bit",
                 example: "0x7F | bits shl 1 -s",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 254,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(254, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Shift left a list of numbers",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/shift_right.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 use num_traits::CheckedShr;
 use std::fmt::Display;
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits shr")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to shift right")
             .switch(
                 "signed",
@@ -74,10 +76,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Shift right a number with 2 bits",
                 example: "8 | bits shr 2",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 2,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(2, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Shift right a list of numbers",

crates/nu-command/src/bits/xor.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bits xor")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Int, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required(
                 "target",
                 SyntaxShape::Int,
@@ -52,10 +54,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Apply bits xor to two numbers",
                 example: "2 | bits xor 2",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 0,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(0, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Apply logical xor to a list of numbers",

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/add.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::Category;
-use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 struct Arguments {
     added_data: Vec<u8>,
     index: Option<usize>,
     end: bool,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ impl Command for BytesAdd {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes add")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Binary)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required("data", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the binary to add")
             .named(
                 "index",
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ impl Command for BytesAdd {
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, add bytes to the data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }
@@ -62,12 +64,8 @@ impl Command for BytesAdd {
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let added_data: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let index: Option<usize> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "index")?;
         let end = call.has_flag("end");
 
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ impl Command for BytesAdd {
             added_data,
             index,
             end,
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
         };
         operate(add, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
@@ -118,7 +116,25 @@ impl Command for BytesAdd {
     }
 }
 
-fn add(input: &[u8], args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn add(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => add_impl(val, args, *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                span,
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn add_impl(input: &[u8], args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
     match args.index {
         None => {
             if args.end {

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/at.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ struct Arguments {
     start: isize,
     end: isize,
     arg_span: Span,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -115,11 +115,13 @@ impl Command for BytesAt {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes at")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Binary)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .required("range", SyntaxShape::Any, "the indexes to get bytes")
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally get bytes by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, get bytes from data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }
@@ -141,17 +143,13 @@ impl Command for BytesAt {
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let range: Value = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let (start, end, arg_span) = parse_range(range, call.head)?;
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let arg = Arguments {
             start,
             end,
             arg_span,
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
         };
         operate(at, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
@@ -228,7 +226,25 @@ impl Command for BytesAt {
     }
 }
 
-fn at(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn at(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => at_impl(val, args, *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                span,
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn at_impl(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
     let len: isize = input.len() as isize;
 
     let start: isize = if arg.start < 0 {

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/build_.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ impl Command for BytesBuild {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes build")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Binary)])
             .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "list of bytes")
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/bytes_.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ impl Command for Bytes {
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
         Ok(Value::String {
-            val: get_full_help(&Bytes.signature(), &Bytes.examples(), engine_state, stack),
+            val: get_full_help(
+                &Bytes.signature(),
+                &Bytes.examples(),
+                engine_state,
+                stack,
+                self.is_parser_keyword(),
+            ),
             span: call.head,
         }
         .into_pipeline_data())

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/collect.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for BytesCollect {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes collect")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::List(Box::new(Type::Binary)), Type::Binary)])
             .optional(
                 "separator",
                 SyntaxShape::Binary,

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/ends_with.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::Category;
-use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 struct Arguments {
     pattern: Vec<u8>,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ impl Command for BytesEndsWith {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes ends-with")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Bool)])
             .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to match")
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, check if bytes at the given cell paths end with the pattern",
             )
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }
@@ -53,15 +54,11 @@ impl Command for BytesEndsWith {
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let arg = Arguments {
             pattern,
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
         };
         operate(ends_with, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
@@ -71,35 +68,37 @@ impl Command for BytesEndsWith {
             Example {
                 description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[AA]`",
                 example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[AA]",
-                result: Some(Value::Bool {
-                    val: true,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(true, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[FF AA AA]`",
                 example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[FF AA AA]",
-                result: Some(Value::Bool {
-                    val: true,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(true, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Checks if binary ends with `0x[11]`",
                 example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes ends-with 0x[11]",
-                result: Some(Value::Bool {
-                    val: false,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(false, Span::test_data())),
             },
         ]
     }
 }
 
-fn ends_with(input: &[u8], Arguments { pattern, .. }: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
-    Value::Bool {
-        val: input.ends_with(pattern),
+fn ends_with(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => Value::boolean(val.ends_with(&args.pattern), *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
                 span,
+            ),
+        },
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/index_of.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::{Call, CellPath};
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 struct Arguments {
     pattern: Vec<u8>,
     end: bool,
     all: bool,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ impl Command for BytesIndexOf {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes index-of")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Binary, Type::Int),
+                (Type::Binary, Type::List(Box::new(Type::Int))),
+            ])
             .required(
                 "pattern",
                 SyntaxShape::Binary,
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ impl Command for BytesIndexOf {
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally returns index of pattern in string by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, find the indexes at the given cell paths",
             )
             .switch("all", "returns all matched index", Some('a'))
             .switch("end", "search from the end of the binary", Some('e'))
@@ -60,17 +64,13 @@ impl Command for BytesIndexOf {
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let arg = Arguments {
             pattern,
             end: call.has_flag("end"),
             all: call.has_flag("all"),
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
         };
         operate(index_of, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
@@ -126,7 +126,25 @@ impl Command for BytesIndexOf {
     }
 }
 
-fn index_of(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn index_of(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => index_of_impl(val, args, *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                span,
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn index_of_impl(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
     if arg.all {
         search_all_index(input, &arg.pattern, arg.end, span)
     } else {

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/length.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,14 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::Category;
-use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct BytesLen;
 
-struct Arguments {
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
-}
-
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for BytesLen {
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         "bytes length"
@@ -26,10 +16,12 @@ impl Command for BytesLen {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes length")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Int)])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally find length of binary by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, find the length of data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }
@@ -49,13 +41,8 @@ impl Command for BytesLen {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
-        let arg = Arguments { column_paths };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let arg = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
         operate(length, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
 
@@ -78,10 +65,21 @@ impl Command for BytesLen {
     }
 }
 
-fn length(input: &[u8], _arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
-    Value::Int {
-        val: input.len() as i64,
+fn length(val: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => Value::int(val.len() as i64, *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
                 span,
+            ),
+        },
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/mod.rs

@@ -11,11 +11,6 @@ mod replace;
 mod reverse;
 mod starts_with;
 
-use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
-use nu_protocol::{PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value};
-use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
 pub use add::BytesAdd;
 pub use at::BytesAt;
 pub use build_::BytesBuild;
@@ -28,71 +23,3 @@ pub use remove::BytesRemove;
 pub use replace::BytesReplace;
 pub use reverse::BytesReverse;
 pub use starts_with::BytesStartsWith;
-
-trait BytesArgument {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>>;
-}
-
-/// map input pipeline data, for each elements, if it's Binary, invoke relative `cmd` with `arg`.
-fn operate<C, A>(
-    cmd: C,
-    mut arg: A,
-    input: PipelineData,
-    span: Span,
-    ctrlc: Option<Arc<AtomicBool>>,
-) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError>
-where
-    A: BytesArgument + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    C: Fn(&[u8], &A, Span) -> Value + Send + Sync + 'static + Clone + Copy,
-{
-    match arg.take_column_paths() {
-        None => input.map(
-            move |v| match v {
-                Value::Binary {
-                    val,
-                    span: val_span,
-                } => cmd(&val, &arg, val_span),
-                other => Value::Error {
-                    error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
-                        format!(
-                            "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
-                            other.get_type()
-                        ),
-                        span,
-                    ),
-                },
-            },
-            ctrlc,
-        ),
-        Some(column_paths) => {
-            let arg = Arc::new(arg);
-            input.map(
-                move |mut v| {
-                    for path in &column_paths {
-                        let opt = arg.clone();
-                        let r = v.update_cell_path(
-                            &path.members,
-                            Box::new(move |old| {
-                                match old {
-                                    Value::Binary {val, span: val_span} => cmd(val, &opt, *val_span),
-                                    other => Value::Error {
-                                    error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
-                                        format!(
-                                            "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
-                                            other.get_type()
-                                        ),
-                                        span,
-                                 ),
-                            }}}),
-                        );
-                        if let Err(error) = r {
-                            return Value::Error { error };
-                        }
-                    }
-                    v
-                },
-                ctrlc,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-}

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/remove.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type,
+    Value,
 };
 
 struct Arguments {
     pattern: Vec<u8>,
     end: bool,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
     all: bool,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -29,11 +30,12 @@ impl Command for BytesRemove {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes remove")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Binary)])
             .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to find")
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally remove bytes by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, remove bytes from data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .switch("end", "remove from end of binary", Some('e'))
             .switch("all", "remove occurrences of finding binary", Some('a'))
@@ -55,12 +57,8 @@ impl Command for BytesRemove {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let pattern_to_remove = call.req::<Spanned<Vec<u8>>>(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         if pattern_to_remove.item.is_empty() {
             return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ impl Command for BytesRemove {
         let arg = Arguments {
             pattern: pattern_to_remove,
             end: call.has_flag("end"),
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
             all: call.has_flag("all"),
         };
 
@@ -135,7 +133,25 @@ impl Command for BytesRemove {
     }
 }
 
-fn remove(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn remove(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => remove_impl(val, args, *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                span,
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn remove_impl(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
     let mut result = vec![];
     let remove_all = arg.all;
     let input_len = input.len();

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/replace.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type,
+    Value,
 };
 
 struct Arguments {
     find: Vec<u8>,
     replace: Vec<u8>,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
     all: bool,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -29,12 +30,13 @@ impl Command for BytesReplace {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes replace")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Binary)])
             .required("find", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to find")
             .required("replace", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the replacement pattern")
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally find and replace text by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, replace bytes in data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .switch("all", "replace all occurrences of find binary", Some('a'))
             .category(Category::Bytes)
@@ -55,12 +57,8 @@ impl Command for BytesReplace {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 2)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 2)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let find = call.req::<Spanned<Vec<u8>>>(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         if find.item.is_empty() {
             return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ impl Command for BytesReplace {
         let arg = Arguments {
             find: find.item,
             replace: call.req::<Vec<u8>>(engine_state, stack, 1)?,
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
             all: call.has_flag("all"),
         };
 
@@ -126,7 +124,25 @@ impl Command for BytesReplace {
     }
 }
 
-fn replace(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn replace(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => replace_impl(val, args, *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
+                span,
+            ),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn replace_impl(input: &[u8], arg: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
     let mut replaced = vec![];
     let replace_all = arg.all;
 

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/reverse.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,10 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::Category;
-use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
-
-struct Arguments {
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
-}
-
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
-    }
-}
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 
@@ -27,16 +17,17 @@ impl Command for BytesReverse {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes reverse")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Binary)])
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, reverse data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Reverse every bytes in the pipeline"
+        "Reverse the bytes in the pipeline"
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -50,13 +41,8 @@ impl Command for BytesReverse {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
-        let arg = Arguments { column_paths };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let arg = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
         operate(reverse, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
 
@@ -82,12 +68,28 @@ impl Command for BytesReverse {
     }
 }
 
-fn reverse(input: &[u8], _args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
-    let mut reversed_input = input.to_vec();
+fn reverse(val: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => {
+            let mut reversed_input = val.to_vec();
             reversed_input.reverse();
             Value::Binary {
                 val: reversed_input,
+                span: *val_span,
+            }
+        }
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
                 span,
+            ),
+        },
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-command/src/bytes/starts_with.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-use super::{operate, BytesArgument};
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::Category;
-use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 struct Arguments {
     pattern: Vec<u8>,
-    column_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
 }
 
-impl BytesArgument for Arguments {
-    fn take_column_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
-        self.column_paths.take()
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
     }
 }
 
@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ impl Command for BytesStartsWith {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("bytes starts-with")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Binary, Type::Bool)])
             .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::Binary, "the pattern to match")
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally matches prefix of text by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, check if bytes at the given cell paths start with the pattern",
             )
             .category(Category::Bytes)
     }
@@ -53,15 +54,11 @@ impl Command for BytesStartsWith {
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
         let pattern: Vec<u8> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let column_paths = if column_paths.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(column_paths)
-        };
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
         let arg = Arguments {
             pattern,
-            column_paths,
+            cell_paths,
         };
         operate(
             starts_with,
@@ -77,35 +74,37 @@ impl Command for BytesStartsWith {
             Example {
                 description: "Checks if binary starts with `0x[1F FF AA]`",
                 example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes starts-with 0x[1F FF AA]",
-                result: Some(Value::Bool {
-                    val: true,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(true, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Checks if binary starts with `0x[1F]`",
                 example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes starts-with 0x[1F]",
-                result: Some(Value::Bool {
-                    val: true,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(true, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Checks if binary starts with `0x[1F]`",
                 example: "0x[1F FF AA AA] | bytes starts-with 0x[11]",
-                result: Some(Value::Bool {
-                    val: false,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(false, Span::test_data())),
             },
         ]
     }
 }
 
-fn starts_with(input: &[u8], Arguments { pattern, .. }: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
-    Value::Bool {
-        val: input.starts_with(pattern),
+fn starts_with(val: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    match val {
+        Value::Binary {
+            val,
+            span: val_span,
+        } => Value::boolean(val.starts_with(&args.pattern), *val_span),
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                format!(
+                    "Input's type is {}. This command only works with bytes.",
+                    other.get_type()
+                ),
                 span,
+            ),
+        },
     }
 }
 

crates/nu-command/src/charting/hashable_value.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 /// ```text
 /// assert_eq!(HashableValue::Bool {val: true, span: Span{start: 0, end: 1}}, HashableValue::Bool {val: true, span: Span{start: 90, end: 1000}})
 /// ```
-#[derive(Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Eq, Debug, Ord, PartialOrd)]
 pub enum HashableValue {
     Bool {
         val: bool,
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl Default for HashableValue {
     fn default() -> Self {
         HashableValue::Bool {
             val: false,
-            span: Span { start: 0, end: 0 },
+            span: Span::unknown(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ mod test {
         ];
         for (val, expect_hashable_val) in values.into_iter() {
             assert_eq!(
-                HashableValue::from_value(val, Span { start: 0, end: 0 }).unwrap(),
+                HashableValue::from_value(val, Span::unknown()).unwrap(),
                 expect_hashable_val
             );
         }
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ mod test {
                 vals: vec![Value::Bool { val: true, span }],
                 span,
             },
-            Value::Block {
+            Value::Closure {
                 val: 0,
                 captures: HashMap::new(),
                 span,
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ mod test {
             },
         ];
         for v in values {
-            assert!(HashableValue::from_value(v, Span { start: 0, end: 0 }).is_err())
+            assert!(HashableValue::from_value(v, Span::unknown()).is_err())
         }
     }
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ mod test {
         for val in values.into_iter() {
             let expected_val = val.clone();
             assert_eq!(
-                HashableValue::from_value(val, Span { start: 0, end: 0 })
+                HashableValue::from_value(val, Span::unknown())
                     .unwrap()
                     .into_value(),
                 expected_val
@@ -279,14 +279,11 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(
             HashableValue::Bool {
                 val: true,
-                span: Span { start: 0, end: 1 }
+                span: Span::new(0, 1)
             },
             HashableValue::Bool {
                 val: true,
-                span: Span {
-                    start: 90,
-                    end: 1000
-                }
+                span: Span::new(90, 1000)
             }
         )
     }
@@ -299,7 +296,7 @@ mod test {
         assert!(set.contains(&HashableValue::Bool { val: true, span }));
 
         // hashable value doesn't care about span.
-        let diff_span = Span { start: 1, end: 2 };
+        let diff_span = Span::new(1, 2);
         set.insert(HashableValue::Bool {
             val: true,
             span: diff_span,

crates/nu-command/src/charting/histogram.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 use super::hashable_value::HashableValue;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
     Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::iter;
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ impl Command for Histogram {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("histogram")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::List(Box::new(Type::Any)), Type::Table(vec![])),])
             .optional("column-name", SyntaxShape::String, "column name to calc frequency, no need to provide if input is just a list")
             .optional("frequency-column-name", SyntaxShape::String, "histogram's frequency column, default to be frequency column output")
             .named("percentage-type", SyntaxShape::String, "percentage calculate method, can be 'normalize' or 'relative', in 'normalize', defaults to be 'normalize'", Some('t'))
@@ -36,24 +38,49 @@ impl Command for Histogram {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "Get a histogram for the types of files",
+                description: "Compute a histogram of file types",
                 example: "ls | histogram type",
                 result: None,
             },
             Example {
                 description:
-                    "Get a histogram for the types of files, with frequency column named freq",
+                    "Compute a histogram for the types of files, with frequency column named freq",
                 example: "ls | histogram type freq",
                 result: None,
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Get a histogram for a list of numbers",
-                example: "echo [1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1] | histogram",
-                result: None,
+                description: "Compute a histogram for a list of numbers",
+                example: "[1 2 1] | histogram",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                        vals: vec![Value::Record {
+                            cols: vec!["value".to_string(), "count".to_string(), "quantile".to_string(), "percentage".to_string(), "frequency".to_string()],
+                            vals: vec![
+                                Value::test_int(1),
+                                Value::test_int(2),
+                                Value::test_float(0.6666666666666666),
+                                Value::test_string("66.67%"),
+                                Value::test_string("******************************************************************"),
+                            ],
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        },
+                        Value::Record {
+                            cols: vec!["value".to_string(), "count".to_string(), "quantile".to_string(), "percentage".to_string(), "frequency".to_string()],
+                            vals: vec![
+                                Value::test_int(2),
+                                Value::test_int(1),
+                                Value::test_float(0.3333333333333333),
+                                Value::test_string("33.33%"),
+                                Value::test_string("*********************************"),
+                            ],
+                            span: Span::test_data(),
+                        }],
+                        span: Span::test_data(),
+                    }
+                 ),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Get a histogram for a list of numbers, and percentage is based on the maximum value",
-                example: "echo [1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1] | histogram --percentage-type relative",
+                description: "Compute a histogram for a list of numbers, and percentage is based on the maximum value",
+                example: "[1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1] | histogram --percentage-type relative",
                 result: None,
             }
         ]
@@ -213,7 +240,7 @@ fn histogram_impl(
         freq_column.to_string(),
     ];
     const MAX_FREQ_COUNT: f64 = 100.0;
-    for (val, count) in counter.into_iter() {
+    for (val, count) in counter.into_iter().sorted() {
         let quantile = match calc_method {
             PercentageCalcMethod::Normalize => count as f64 / total_cnt as f64,
             PercentageCalcMethod::Relative => count as f64 / max_cnt as f64,
@@ -222,7 +249,9 @@ fn histogram_impl(
         let percentage = format!("{:.2}%", quantile * 100_f64);
         let freq = "*".repeat((MAX_FREQ_COUNT * quantile).floor() as usize);
 
-        result.push(Value::Record {
+        result.push((
+            count, // attach count first for easily sorting.
+            Value::Record {
                 cols: result_cols.clone(),
                 vals: vec![
                     val.into_value(),
@@ -238,9 +267,15 @@ fn histogram_impl(
                     Value::String { val: freq, span },
                 ],
                 span,
-        });
+            },
+        ));
     }
-    Value::List { vals: result, span }.into_pipeline_data()
+    result.sort_by(|a, b| b.0.cmp(&a.0));
+    Value::List {
+        vals: result.into_iter().map(|x| x.1).collect(),
+        span,
+    }
+    .into_pipeline_data()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/fmt.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -18,7 +19,9 @@ impl Command for Fmt {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
-        Signature::build("fmt").category(Category::Conversions)
+        Signature::build("fmt")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Number, Type::Record(vec![]))])
+            .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -41,38 +44,14 @@ impl Command for Fmt {
                     "upperhex".into(),
                 ],
                 vals: vec![
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "0b101010".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "42".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "42".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "4.2e1".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "0x2a".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "0o52".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "4.2E1".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "0x2A".to_string(),
-                        span: Span::test_data(),
-                    },
+                    Value::string("0b101010", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("42", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("42", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("4.2e1", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("0x2a", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("0o52", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("4.2E1", Span::test_data()),
+                    Value::string("0x2A", Span::test_data()),
                 ],
                 span: Span::test_data(),
             }),
@@ -96,31 +75,12 @@ fn fmt(
     call: &Call,
     input: PipelineData,
 ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-    let head = call.head;
-    let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-
-    input.map(
-        move |v| {
-            if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                action(&v, head)
-            } else {
-                let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &column_paths {
-                    let r =
-                        ret.update_cell_path(&path.members, Box::new(move |old| action(old, head)));
-                    if let Err(error) = r {
-                        return Value::Error { error };
-                    }
+    let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+    let args = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
+    operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
 }
 
-                ret
-            }
-        },
-        engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-    )
-}
-
-pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn action(input: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Int { val, .. } => fmt_it(*val, span),
         Value::Filesize { val, .. } => fmt_it(*val, span),

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/binary.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -16,10 +17,20 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into binary")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Binary, Type::Binary),
+                (Type::Int, Type::Binary),
+                (Type::Number, Type::Binary),
+                (Type::String, Type::Binary),
+                (Type::Bool, Type::Binary),
+                (Type::Filesize, Type::Binary),
+                (Type::Date, Type::Binary),
+            ])
+            .allow_variants_without_examples(true) // TODO: supply exhaustive examples
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "column paths to convert to binary (for table input)",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
@@ -100,7 +111,7 @@ fn into_binary(
     input: PipelineData,
 ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
     let head = call.head;
-    let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+    let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
 
     match input {
         PipelineData::ExternalStream { stdout: None, .. } => Ok(Value::Binary {
@@ -120,28 +131,11 @@ fn into_binary(
             }
             .into_pipeline_data())
         }
-        _ => input.map(
-            move |v| {
-                if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                    action(&v, head)
-                } else {
-                    let mut ret = v;
-                    for path in &column_paths {
-                        let r = ret.update_cell_path(
-                            &path.members,
-                            Box::new(move |old| action(old, head)),
-                        );
-                        if let Err(error) = r {
-                            return Value::Error { error };
+        _ => {
+            let arg = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
+            operate(action, arg, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
         }
     }
-
-                    ret
-                }
-            },
-            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-        ),
-    }
 }
 
 fn int_to_endian(n: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ fn float_to_endian(n: f64) -> Vec<u8> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
+pub fn action(input: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Binary { .. } => input.clone(),
         Value::Int { val, .. } => Value::Binary {
@@ -180,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
             span,
         },
         Value::Bool { val, .. } => Value::Binary {
-            val: int_to_endian(if *val { 1i64 } else { 0 }),
+            val: int_to_endian(i64::from(*val)),
             span,
         },
         Value::Date { val, .. } => Value::Binary {

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/bool.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -15,10 +16,17 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into bool")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Int, Type::Bool),
+                (Type::Number, Type::Bool),
+                (Type::String, Type::Bool),
+                (Type::Bool, Type::Bool),
+                (Type::List(Box::new(Type::Any)), Type::Table(vec![])),
+            ])
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "column paths to convert to boolean (for table input)",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
@@ -46,7 +54,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Convert value to boolean in table",
-                example: "echo [[value]; ['false'] ['1'] [0] [1.0] [true]] | into bool value",
+                example: "[[value]; ['false'] ['1'] [0] [1.0] [true]] | into bool value",
                 result: Some(Value::List {
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::Record {
@@ -88,6 +96,11 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 example: "1 | into bool",
                 result: Some(Value::boolean(true, span)),
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert decimal to boolean",
+                example: "0.3 | into bool",
+                result: Some(Value::boolean(true, span)),
+            },
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal string to boolean",
                 example: "'0.0' | into bool",
@@ -108,28 +121,9 @@ fn into_bool(
     call: &Call,
     input: PipelineData,
 ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    let head = call.head;
-    let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-
-    input.map(
-        move |v| {
-            if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                action(&v, head)
-            } else {
-                let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &column_paths {
-                    let r =
-                        ret.update_cell_path(&path.members, Box::new(move |old| action(old, head)));
-                    if let Err(error) = r {
-                        return Value::Error { error };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                ret
-            }
-        },
-        engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-    )
+    let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+    let args = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
+    operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
 }
 
 fn string_to_boolean(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<bool, ShellError> {
@@ -154,7 +148,7 @@ fn string_to_boolean(s: &str, span: Span) -> Result<bool, ShellError> {
     }
 }
 
-fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
+fn action(input: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::Bool { .. } => input.clone(),
         Value::Int { val, .. } => Value::Bool {

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/command.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ impl Command for Into {
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
         Ok(Value::String {
-            val: get_full_help(&Into.signature(), &[], engine_state, stack),
+            val: get_full_help(
+                &Into.signature(),
+                &[],
+                engine_state,
+                stack,
+                self.is_parser_keyword(),
+            ),
             span: call.head,
         }
         .into_pipeline_data())

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/datetime.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use crate::{generate_strftime_list, parse_date_from_string};
-use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset, Local, TimeZone, Utc};
+use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset, Local, LocalResult, TimeZone, Utc};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::ast::CellPath;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned,
+    SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 struct Arguments {
-    timezone: Option<Spanned<String>>,
-    offset: Option<Spanned<i64>>,
-    format: Option<String>,
-    column_paths: Vec<CellPath>,
+    zone_options: Option<Spanned<Zone>>,
+    format_options: Option<DatetimeFormat>,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+}
+
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
+    }
 }
 
 // In case it may be confused with chrono::TimeZone
@@ -57,6 +64,10 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into datetime")
+        .input_output_types(vec![
+            (Type::Int, Type::Date),
+            (Type::String, Type::Date),
+        ])
         .named(
                 "timezone",
                 SyntaxShape::String,
@@ -83,7 +94,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             .rest(
             "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "optionally convert text into datetime by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
@@ -95,7 +106,36 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        operate(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+        if call.has_flag("list") {
+            Ok(generate_strftime_list(call.head, true).into_pipeline_data())
+        } else {
+            let cell_paths = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+            let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
+
+            // if zone-offset is specified, then zone will be neglected
+            let timezone = call.get_flag::<Spanned<String>>(engine_state, stack, "timezone")?;
+            let zone_options =
+                match &call.get_flag::<Spanned<i64>>(engine_state, stack, "offset")? {
+                    Some(zone_offset) => Some(Spanned {
+                        item: Zone::new(zone_offset.item),
+                        span: zone_offset.span,
+                    }),
+                    None => timezone.as_ref().map(|zone| Spanned {
+                        item: Zone::from_string(zone.item.clone()),
+                        span: zone.span,
+                    }),
+                };
+            let format_options = call
+                .get_flag::<String>(engine_state, stack, "format")?
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|fmt| DatetimeFormat(fmt.to_string()));
+            let args = Arguments {
+                format_options,
+                zone_options,
+                cell_paths,
+            };
+            operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
+        }
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -107,38 +147,63 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        let example_result_1 = |secs: i64, nsecs: u32| {
+            let dt = match Utc.timestamp_opt(secs, nsecs) {
+                LocalResult::Single(dt) => Some(dt),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            match dt {
+                Some(dt) => Some(Value::Date {
+                    val: dt.into(),
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+                None => Some(Value::Error {
+                    error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "The given datetime representation is unsupported.".to_string(),
+                        Span::test_data(),
+                    ),
+                }),
+            }
+        };
+        let example_result_2 = |millis: i64| {
+            let dt = match Utc.timestamp_millis_opt(millis) {
+                LocalResult::Single(dt) => Some(dt),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            match dt {
+                Some(dt) => Some(Value::Date {
+                    val: dt.into(),
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+                None => Some(Value::Error {
+                    error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "The given datetime representation is unsupported.".to_string(),
+                        Span::test_data(),
+                    ),
+                }),
+            }
+        };
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Convert to datetime",
                 example: "'27.02.2021 1:55 pm +0000' | into datetime",
-                result: Some(Value::Date {
-                    val: Utc.timestamp(1614434100, 0).into(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: example_result_1(1614434100,0)
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Convert to datetime",
                 example: "'2021-02-27T13:55:40+00:00' | into datetime",
-                result: Some(Value::Date {
-                    val: Utc.timestamp(1614434140, 0).into(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: example_result_1(1614434140, 0)
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Convert to datetime using a custom format",
                 example: "'20210227_135540+0000' | into datetime -f '%Y%m%d_%H%M%S%z'",
-                result: Some(Value::Date {
-                    val: Utc.timestamp(1614434140, 0).into(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: example_result_1(1614434140, 0)
+
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Convert timestamp (no larger than 8e+12) to a UTC datetime",
                 example: "1614434140 | into datetime",
-                result: Some(Value::Date {
-                    val: Utc.timestamp(1614434140, 0).into(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: example_result_1(1614434140, 0)
             },
             Example {
                 description:
@@ -150,10 +215,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                 description:
                     "Convert timestamps like the sqlite history t",
                 example: "1656165681720 | into datetime",
-                result: Some(Value::Date {
-                    val: Utc.timestamp_millis(1656165681720).into(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: example_result_2(1656165681720)
             },
         ]
     }
@@ -162,72 +224,9 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct DatetimeFormat(String);
 
-fn operate(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    call: &Call,
-    input: PipelineData,
-) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    let head = call.head;
-
-    let options = Arguments {
-        timezone: call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "timezone")?,
-        offset: call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "offset")?,
-        format: call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "format")?,
-        column_paths: call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?,
-    };
-
-    // if zone-offset is specified, then zone will be neglected
-    let zone_options = match &options.offset {
-        Some(zone_offset) => Some(Spanned {
-            item: Zone::new(zone_offset.item),
-            span: zone_offset.span,
-        }),
-        None => options.timezone.as_ref().map(|zone| Spanned {
-            item: Zone::from_string(zone.item.clone()),
-            span: zone.span,
-        }),
-    };
-
-    let list_flag = call.has_flag("list");
-
-    let format_options = options
-        .format
-        .as_ref()
-        .map(|fmt| DatetimeFormat(fmt.to_string()));
-
-    input.map(
-        move |v| {
-            if options.column_paths.is_empty() && !list_flag {
-                action(&v, &zone_options, &format_options, head)
-            } else if list_flag {
-                generate_strftime_list(head, true)
-            } else {
-                let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &options.column_paths {
-                    let zone_options = zone_options.clone();
-                    let format_options = format_options.clone();
-                    let r = ret.update_cell_path(
-                        &path.members,
-                        Box::new(move |old| action(old, &zone_options, &format_options, head)),
-                    );
-                    if let Err(error) = r {
-                        return Value::Error { error };
-                    }
-                }
-                ret
-            }
-        },
-        engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-    )
-}
-
-fn action(
-    input: &Value,
-    timezone: &Option<Spanned<Zone>>,
-    dateformat: &Option<DatetimeFormat>,
-    head: Span,
-) -> Value {
+fn action(input: &Value, args: &Arguments, head: Span) -> Value {
+    let timezone = &args.zone_options;
+    let dateformat = &args.format_options;
     // Check to see if input looks like a Unix timestamp (i.e. can it be parsed to an int?)
     let timestamp = match input {
         Value::Int { val, .. } => Ok(*val),
@@ -262,8 +261,31 @@ fn action(
                 // be able to convert chrono::Utc::now()
                 let dt = match ts.to_string().len() {
                     x if x > 13 => Utc.timestamp_nanos(ts).into(),
-                    x if x > 10 => Utc.timestamp_millis(ts).into(),
-                    _ => Utc.timestamp(ts, 0).into(),
+                    x if x > 10 => match Utc.timestamp_millis_opt(ts) {
+                        LocalResult::Single(dt) => dt.into(),
+                        _ => {
+                            return Value::Error {
+                                // This error message is from chrono
+                                error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                    "The given local datetime representation is invalid."
+                                        .to_string(),
+                                    head,
+                                ),
+                            };
+                        }
+                    },
+                    _ => match Utc.timestamp_opt(ts, 0) {
+                        LocalResult::Single(dt) => dt.into(),
+                        _ => {
+                            return Value::Error {
+                                error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                    "The given local datetime representation is invalid."
+                                        .to_string(),
+                                    head,
+                                ),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
                 };
 
                 Value::Date {
@@ -272,28 +294,64 @@ fn action(
                 }
             }
             Some(Spanned { item, span }) => match item {
-                Zone::Utc => Value::Date {
-                    val: Utc.timestamp(ts, 0).into(),
+                Zone::Utc => match Utc.timestamp_opt(ts, 0) {
+                    LocalResult::Single(val) => Value::Date {
+                        val: val.into(),
                         span: head,
                     },
-                Zone::Local => Value::Date {
-                    val: Local.timestamp(ts, 0).into(),
+                    _ => Value::Error {
+                        error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "The given local datetime representation is invalid.".to_string(),
+                            *span,
+                        ),
+                    },
+                },
+                Zone::Local => match Local.timestamp_opt(ts, 0) {
+                    LocalResult::Single(val) => Value::Date {
+                        val: val.into(),
                         span: head,
                     },
-                Zone::East(i) => {
-                    let eastoffset = FixedOffset::east((*i as i32) * HOUR);
-                    Value::Date {
-                        val: eastoffset.timestamp(ts, 0),
-                        span: head,
-                    }
-                }
-                Zone::West(i) => {
-                    let westoffset = FixedOffset::west((*i as i32) * HOUR);
-                    Value::Date {
-                        val: westoffset.timestamp(ts, 0),
-                        span: head,
-                    }
-                }
+                    _ => Value::Error {
+                        error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "The given local datetime representation is invalid.".to_string(),
+                            *span,
+                        ),
+                    },
+                },
+                Zone::East(i) => match FixedOffset::east_opt((*i as i32) * HOUR) {
+                    Some(eastoffset) => match eastoffset.timestamp_opt(ts, 0) {
+                        LocalResult::Single(val) => Value::Date { val, span: head },
+                        _ => Value::Error {
+                            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                "The given local datetime representation is invalid.".to_string(),
+                                *span,
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    },
+                    None => Value::Error {
+                        error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "The given local datetime representation is invalid.".to_string(),
+                            *span,
+                        ),
+                    },
+                },
+                Zone::West(i) => match FixedOffset::west_opt((*i as i32) * HOUR) {
+                    Some(westoffset) => match westoffset.timestamp_opt(ts, 0) {
+                        LocalResult::Single(val) => Value::Date { val, span: head },
+                        _ => Value::Error {
+                            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                                "The given local datetime representation is invalid.".to_string(),
+                                *span,
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    },
+                    None => Value::Error {
+                        error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                            "The given local datetime representation is invalid.".to_string(),
+                            *span,
+                        ),
+                    },
+                },
                 Zone::Error => Value::Error {
                     error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
                         "Cannot convert given timezone or offset to timestamp".to_string(),
@@ -359,7 +417,12 @@ mod tests {
     fn takes_a_date_format() {
         let date_str = Value::test_string("16.11.1984 8:00 am +0000");
         let fmt_options = Some(DatetimeFormat("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M %P %z".to_string()));
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &None, &fmt_options, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: None,
+            format_options: fmt_options,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
         let expected = Value::Date {
             val: DateTime::parse_from_str("16.11.1984 8:00 am +0000", "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M %P %z")
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -371,7 +434,12 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn takes_iso8601_date_format() {
         let date_str = Value::test_string("2020-08-04T16:39:18+00:00");
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &None, &None, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: None,
+            format_options: None,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
         let expected = Value::Date {
             val: DateTime::parse_from_str("2020-08-04T16:39:18+00:00", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z")
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -387,7 +455,12 @@ mod tests {
             item: Zone::East(8),
             span: Span::test_data(),
         });
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &timezone_option, &None, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: timezone_option,
+            format_options: None,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
         let expected = Value::Date {
             val: DateTime::parse_from_str("2021-02-27 21:55:40 +08:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z")
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -404,7 +477,12 @@ mod tests {
             item: Zone::East(8),
             span: Span::test_data(),
         });
-        let actual = action(&date_int, &timezone_option, &None, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: timezone_option,
+            format_options: None,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_int, &args, Span::test_data());
         let expected = Value::Date {
             val: DateTime::parse_from_str("2021-02-27 21:55:40 +08:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z")
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -421,9 +499,14 @@ mod tests {
             item: Zone::Local,
             span: Span::test_data(),
         });
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &timezone_option, &None, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: timezone_option,
+            format_options: None,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
         let expected = Value::Date {
-            val: Local.timestamp(1614434140, 0).into(),
+            val: Local.timestamp_opt(1614434140, 0).unwrap().into(),
             span: Span::test_data(),
         };
 
@@ -433,11 +516,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn takes_timestamp_without_timezone() {
         let date_str = Value::test_string("1614434140");
-        let timezone_option = None;
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &timezone_option, &None, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: None,
+            format_options: None,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
 
         let expected = Value::Date {
-            val: Utc.timestamp(1614434140, 0).into(),
+            val: Utc.timestamp_opt(1614434140, 0).unwrap().into(),
             span: Span::test_data(),
         };
 
@@ -451,7 +538,12 @@ mod tests {
             item: Zone::Utc,
             span: Span::test_data(),
         });
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &timezone_option, &None, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: timezone_option,
+            format_options: None,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
 
         assert_eq!(actual.get_type(), Error);
     }
@@ -460,7 +552,12 @@ mod tests {
     fn communicates_parsing_error_given_an_invalid_datetimelike_string() {
         let date_str = Value::test_string("16.11.1984 8:00 am Oops0000");
         let fmt_options = Some(DatetimeFormat("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M %P %z".to_string()));
-        let actual = action(&date_str, &None, &fmt_options, Span::test_data());
+        let args = Arguments {
+            zone_options: None,
+            format_options: fmt_options,
+            cell_paths: None,
+        };
+        let actual = action(&date_str, &args, Span::test_data());
 
         assert_eq!(actual.get_type(), Error);
     }

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/decimal.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -14,10 +15,15 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("into decimal").rest(
+        Signature::build("into decimal")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::String, Type::Number),
+                (Type::Bool, Type::Number),
+            ])
+            .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-            "optionally convert text into decimal by column paths",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
     }
 
@@ -36,7 +42,9 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        operate(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let args = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
+        operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
@@ -72,43 +80,13 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn operate(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    call: &Call,
-    input: PipelineData,
-) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-    let head = call.head;
-    let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-
-    input.map(
-        move |v| {
-            if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                action(&v, head)
-            } else {
-                let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &column_paths {
-                    let r =
-                        ret.update_cell_path(&path.members, Box::new(move |old| action(old, head)));
-                    if let Err(error) = r {
-                        return Value::Error { error };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                ret
-            }
-        },
-        engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-    )
-}
-
-fn action(input: &Value, head: Span) -> Value {
+fn action(input: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, head: Span) -> Value {
     match input {
         Value::String { val: s, span } => {
             let other = s.trim();
 
             match other.parse::<f64>() {
-                Ok(x) => Value::Float { val: x, span: head },
+                Ok(x) => Value::float(x, head),
                 Err(reason) => Value::Error {
                     error: ShellError::CantConvert(
                         "float".to_string(),
@@ -119,10 +97,7 @@ fn action(input: &Value, head: Span) -> Value {
                 },
             }
         }
-        Value::Int { val: v, span } => Value::Float {
-            val: *v as f64,
-            span: *span,
-        },
+        Value::Int { val: v, span } => Value::float(*v as f64, *span),
         Value::Bool { val: b, span } => Value::Float {
             val: match b {
                 true => 1.0,
@@ -163,7 +138,7 @@ mod tests {
         let word = Value::test_string("3.1415");
         let expected = Value::test_float(3.1415);
 
-        let actual = action(&word, Span::test_data());
+        let actual = action(&word, &CellPathOnlyArgs::from(vec![]), Span::test_data());
         assert_eq!(actual, expected);
     }
 
@@ -171,7 +146,11 @@ mod tests {
     fn communicates_parsing_error_given_an_invalid_decimallike_string() {
         let decimal_str = Value::test_string("11.6anra");
 
-        let actual = action(&decimal_str, Span::test_data());
+        let actual = action(
+            &decimal_str,
+            &CellPathOnlyArgs::from(vec![]),
+            Span::test_data(),
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(actual.get_type(), Error);
     }
@@ -180,7 +159,11 @@ mod tests {
     fn int_to_decimal() {
         let decimal_str = Value::test_int(10);
         let expected = Value::test_float(10.0);
-        let actual = action(&decimal_str, Span::test_data());
+        let actual = action(
+            &decimal_str,
+            &CellPathOnlyArgs::from(vec![]),
+            Span::test_data(),
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(actual, expected);
     }

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/duration.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nu_parser::parse_duration_bytes;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath, Expr},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Unit,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type, Unit,
     Value,
 };
 
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into duration")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::String, Type::Duration),
+                (Type::Duration, Type::Duration),
+                // TODO: --convert option should be implemented as `format duration`
+                (Type::String, Type::String),
+                (Type::Duration, Type::String),
+            ])
             .named(
                 "convert",
                 SyntaxShape::String,
@@ -26,7 +33,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "column paths to convert to duration (for table input)",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
@@ -36,7 +43,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     }
 
     fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "into duration does not take leap years into account and every month is calculated with 30 days"
+        "This command does not take leap years into account, and every month is assumed to have 30 days."
     }
 
     fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -58,7 +65,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Convert string to duration in table",
-                example: "echo [[value]; ['1sec'] ['2min'] ['3hr'] ['4day'] ['5wk']] | into duration value",
+                example:
+                    "[[value]; ['1sec'] ['2min'] ['3hr'] ['4day'] ['5wk']] | into duration value",
                 result: Some(Value::List {
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::Record {
@@ -121,11 +129,19 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
                     span,
                 }),
             },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert duration to duration",
+                example: "420sec | into duration",
+                result: Some(Value::Duration {
+                    val: 7 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000,
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
             Example {
                 description: "Convert duration to the requested duration as a string",
-                example: "420sec | into duration --convert min",
+                example: "420sec | into duration --convert ms",
                 result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "7 min".to_string(),
+                    val: "420000 ms".to_string(),
                     span,
                 }),
             },
@@ -487,7 +503,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_ns_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 2);
         let word = Value::test_string("3ns");
         let expected = Value::Duration { val: 3, span };
         let convert_duration = None;
@@ -498,7 +514,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_us_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 2);
         let word = Value::test_string("4us");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 4 * 1000,
@@ -512,7 +528,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_ms_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 2);
         let word = Value::test_string("5ms");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 5 * 1000 * 1000,
@@ -526,7 +542,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_sec_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 3);
         let word = Value::test_string("1sec");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 1000 * 1000 * 1000,
@@ -540,7 +556,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_min_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 3);
         let word = Value::test_string("7min");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 7 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000,
@@ -554,7 +570,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_hr_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 3);
         let word = Value::test_string("42hr");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 42 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000,
@@ -568,7 +584,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_day_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 5);
         let word = Value::test_string("123day");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 123 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000,
@@ -582,7 +598,7 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_wk_to_duration() {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
+        let span = Span::new(0, 2);
         let word = Value::test_string("3wk");
         let expected = Value::Duration {
             val: 3 * 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000,

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/filesize.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CellPathOnlyArgs};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -15,10 +16,16 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into filesize")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Int, Type::Filesize),
+                (Type::Number, Type::Filesize),
+                (Type::String, Type::Filesize),
+                (Type::Filesize, Type::Filesize),
+            ])
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "column paths to convert to filesize (for table input)",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
@@ -38,7 +45,9 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        into_filesize(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+        let cell_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let args = CellPathOnlyArgs::from(cell_paths);
+        operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
@@ -84,37 +93,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn into_filesize(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    call: &Call,
-    input: PipelineData,
-) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-    let head = call.head;
-    let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-
-    input.map(
-        move |v| {
-            if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                action(&v, head)
-            } else {
-                let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &column_paths {
-                    let r =
-                        ret.update_cell_path(&path.members, Box::new(move |old| action(old, head)));
-                    if let Err(error) = r {
-                        return Value::Error { error };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                ret
-            }
-        },
-        engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-    )
-}
-
-pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span) -> Value {
+pub fn action(input: &Value, _args: &CellPathOnlyArgs, span: Span) -> Value {
     if let Ok(value_span) = input.span() {
         match input {
             Value::Filesize { .. } => input.clone(),

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/int.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 struct Arguments {
-    radix: Option<Value>,
-    column_paths: Vec<CellPath>,
+    radix: u32,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
     little_endian: bool,
 }
 
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SubCommand;
 
@@ -21,12 +28,22 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into int")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::String, Type::Int),
+                (Type::Number, Type::Int),
+                (Type::Bool, Type::Int),
+                // Unix timestamp in seconds
+                (Type::Date, Type::Int),
+                // TODO: Users should do this by dividing a Filesize by a Filesize explicitly
+                (Type::Filesize, Type::Int),
+            ])
+            .vectorizes_over_list(true)
             .named("radix", SyntaxShape::Number, "radix of integer", Some('r'))
             .switch("little-endian", "use little-endian byte decoding", None)
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "column paths to convert to int (for table input)",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .category(Category::Conversions)
     }
@@ -46,14 +63,36 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        into_int(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+        let cell_paths = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
+
+        let radix = call.get_flag::<Value>(engine_state, stack, "radix")?;
+        let radix: u32 = match radix {
+            Some(Value::Int { val, span }) => {
+                if !(2..=36).contains(&val) {
+                    return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                        "Radix must lie in the range [2, 36]".to_string(),
+                        span,
+                    ));
+                }
+                val as u32
+            }
+            Some(_) => 10,
+            None => 10,
+        };
+        let args = Arguments {
+            radix,
+            little_endian: call.has_flag("little-endian"),
+            cell_paths,
+        };
+        operate(action, args, input, call.head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Convert string to integer in table",
-                example: "echo [[num]; ['-5'] [4] [1.5]] | into int num",
+                example: "[[num]; ['-5'] [4] [1.5]] | into int num",
                 result: None,
             },
             Example {
@@ -74,10 +113,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "Convert file size to integer",
                 example: "4KB | into int",
-                result: Some(Value::Int {
-                    val: 4000,
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::int(4000, Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Convert bool to integer",
@@ -121,59 +157,9 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
     }
 }
 
-fn into_int(
-    engine_state: &EngineState,
-    stack: &mut Stack,
-    call: &Call,
-    input: PipelineData,
-) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-    let head = call.head;
-
-    let options = Arguments {
-        radix: call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "radix")?,
-        little_endian: call.has_flag("little-endian"),
-        column_paths: call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?,
-    };
-
-    let radix: u32 = match options.radix {
-        Some(Value::Int { val, .. }) => val as u32,
-        Some(_) => 10,
-        None => 10,
-    };
-
-    if let Some(val) = &options.radix {
-        if !(2..=36).contains(&radix) {
-            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
-                "Radix must lie in the range [2, 36]".to_string(),
-                val.span()?,
-            ));
-        }
-    }
-
-    input.map(
-        move |v| {
-            if options.column_paths.is_empty() {
-                action(&v, head, radix, options.little_endian)
-            } else {
-                let mut ret = v;
-                for path in &options.column_paths {
-                    let r = ret.update_cell_path(
-                        &path.members,
-                        Box::new(move |old| action(old, head, radix, options.little_endian)),
-                    );
-                    if let Err(error) = r {
-                        return Value::Error { error };
-                    }
-                }
-
-                ret
-            }
-        },
-        engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-    )
-}
-
-pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32, little_endian: bool) -> Value {
+fn action(input: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let radix = args.radix;
+    let little_endian = args.little_endian;
     match input {
         Value::Int { val: _, .. } => {
             if radix == 10 {
@@ -244,20 +230,14 @@ pub fn action(input: &Value, span: Span, radix: u32, little_endian: bool) -> Val
                 }
                 val.resize(8, 0);
 
-                Value::Int {
-                    val: LittleEndian::read_i64(&val),
-                    span: *span,
-                }
+                Value::int(LittleEndian::read_i64(&val), *span)
             } else {
                 while val.len() < 8 {
                     val.insert(0, 0);
                 }
                 val.resize(8, 0);
 
-                Value::Int {
-                    val: BigEndian::read_i64(&val),
-                    span: *span,
-                }
+                Value::int(BigEndian::read_i64(&val), *span)
             }
         }
         _ => Value::Error {
@@ -280,13 +260,13 @@ fn convert_int(input: &Value, head: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
             // octal
             {
                 match int_from_string(val, head) {
-                    Ok(x) => return Value::Int { val: x, span: head },
+                    Ok(x) => return Value::int(x, head),
                     Err(e) => return Value::Error { error: e },
                 }
             } else if val.starts_with("00") {
                 // It's a padded string
                 match i64::from_str_radix(val, radix) {
-                    Ok(n) => return Value::Int { val: n, span: head },
+                    Ok(n) => return Value::int(n, head),
                     Err(e) => {
                         return Value::Error {
                             error: ShellError::CantConvert(
@@ -311,7 +291,7 @@ fn convert_int(input: &Value, head: Span, radix: u32) -> Value {
         }
     };
     match i64::from_str_radix(i.trim(), radix) {
-        Ok(n) => Value::Int { val: n, span: head },
+        Ok(n) => Value::int(n, head),
         Err(_reason) => Value::Error {
             error: ShellError::CantConvert("string".to_string(), "int".to_string(), head, None),
         },
@@ -401,21 +381,45 @@ mod test {
         let word = Value::test_string("10");
         let expected = Value::test_int(10);
 
-        let actual = action(&word, Span::test_data(), 10, false);
+        let actual = action(
+            &word,
+            &Arguments {
+                radix: 10,
+                cell_paths: None,
+                little_endian: false,
+            },
+            Span::test_data(),
+        );
         assert_eq!(actual, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_binary_to_integer() {
         let s = Value::test_string("0b101");
-        let actual = action(&s, Span::test_data(), 10, false);
+        let actual = action(
+            &s,
+            &Arguments {
+                radix: 10,
+                cell_paths: None,
+                little_endian: false,
+            },
+            Span::test_data(),
+        );
         assert_eq!(actual, Value::test_int(5));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn turns_hex_to_integer() {
         let s = Value::test_string("0xFF");
-        let actual = action(&s, Span::test_data(), 16, false);
+        let actual = action(
+            &s,
+            &Arguments {
+                radix: 16,
+                cell_paths: None,
+                little_endian: false,
+            },
+            Span::test_data(),
+        );
         assert_eq!(actual, Value::test_int(255));
     }
 
@@ -423,7 +427,15 @@ mod test {
     fn communicates_parsing_error_given_an_invalid_integerlike_string() {
         let integer_str = Value::test_string("36anra");
 
-        let actual = action(&integer_str, Span::test_data(), 10, false);
+        let actual = action(
+            &integer_str,
+            &Arguments {
+                radix: 10,
+                cell_paths: None,
+                little_endian: false,
+            },
+            Span::test_data(),
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(actual.get_type(), Error)
     }

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ mod decimal;
 mod duration;
 mod filesize;
 mod int;
+mod record;
 mod string;
 
 pub use self::bool::SubCommand as IntoBool;
@@ -16,4 +17,5 @@ pub use datetime::SubCommand as IntoDatetime;
 pub use decimal::SubCommand as IntoDecimal;
 pub use duration::SubCommand as IntoDuration;
 pub use int::SubCommand as IntoInt;
+pub use record::SubCommand as IntoRecord;
 pub use string::SubCommand as IntoString;

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/record.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+use chrono::{DateTime, Datelike, FixedOffset, Timelike};
+use nu_protocol::format_duration_as_timeperiod;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
+};
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "into record"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("into record")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Date, Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Duration, Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::List(Box::new(Type::Any)), Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Range, Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Record(vec![]), Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Table(vec![]), Type::Record(vec![])),
+            ])
+            .category(Category::Conversions)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Convert value to record"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["convert"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        into_record(engine_state, call, input)
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        let span = Span::test_data();
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert from one row table to record",
+                example: "[[value]; [false]] | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["value".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![Value::boolean(false, span)],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert from list to record",
+                example: "[1 2 3] | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["0".to_string(), "1".to_string(), "2".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 3, span },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert from range to record",
+                example: "0..2 | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["0".to_string(), "1".to_string(), "2".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 0, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert duration to record",
+                example: "-500day | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec![
+                        "year".into(),
+                        "month".into(),
+                        "week".into(),
+                        "day".into(),
+                        "sign".into(),
+                    ],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 4, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "-".into(),
+                            span,
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert record to record",
+                example: "{a: 1, b: 2} | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["a".to_string(), "b".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![Value::Int { val: 1, span }, Value::Int { val: 2, span }],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert date to record",
+                example: "2020-04-12T22:10:57+02:00 | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec![
+                        "year".into(),
+                        "month".into(),
+                        "day".into(),
+                        "hour".into(),
+                        "minute".into(),
+                        "second".into(),
+                        "timezone".into(),
+                    ],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 2020, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 4, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 12, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 22, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 10, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 57, span },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "+02:00".to_string(),
+                            span,
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn into_record(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    call: &Call,
+    input: PipelineData,
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+    let input = input.into_value(call.head);
+    let input_type = input.get_type();
+    let res = match input {
+        Value::Date { val, span } => parse_date_into_record(Ok(val), span),
+        Value::Duration { val, span } => parse_duration_into_record(val, span),
+        Value::List { mut vals, span } => match input_type {
+            Type::Table(..) if vals.len() == 1 => vals.pop().expect("already checked 1 item"),
+            _ => {
+                let mut cols = vec![];
+                let mut values = vec![];
+                for (idx, val) in vals.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                    cols.push(format!("{idx}"));
+                    values.push(val);
+                }
+                Value::Record {
+                    cols,
+                    vals: values,
+                    span,
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        Value::Range { val, span } => {
+            let mut cols = vec![];
+            let mut vals = vec![];
+            for (idx, val) in val.into_range_iter(engine_state.ctrlc.clone())?.enumerate() {
+                cols.push(format!("{idx}"));
+                vals.push(val);
+            }
+            Value::Record { cols, vals, span }
+        }
+        Value::Record { cols, vals, span } => Value::Record { cols, vals, span },
+        other => {
+            return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "'into record' does not support this input".into(),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(call.head),
+            ))
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(res.into_pipeline_data())
+}
+
+fn parse_date_into_record(date: Result<DateTime<FixedOffset>, Value>, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let cols = vec![
+        "year".into(),
+        "month".into(),
+        "day".into(),
+        "hour".into(),
+        "minute".into(),
+        "second".into(),
+        "timezone".into(),
+    ];
+    match date {
+        Ok(x) => {
+            let vals = vec![
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.year() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.month() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.day() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.hour() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.minute() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.second() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::String {
+                    val: x.offset().to_string(),
+                    span,
+                },
+            ];
+            Value::Record { cols, vals, span }
+        }
+        Err(e) => e,
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_duration_into_record(duration: i64, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let (sign, periods) = format_duration_as_timeperiod(duration);
+
+    let mut cols = vec![];
+    let mut vals = vec![];
+    for p in periods {
+        let num_with_unit = p.to_text().to_string();
+        let split = num_with_unit.split(' ').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        cols.push(match split[1] {
+            "ns" => "nanosecond".into(),
+            "µs" => "microsecond".into(),
+            "ms" => "millisecond".into(),
+            "sec" => "second".into(),
+            "min" => "minute".into(),
+            "hr" => "hour".into(),
+            "day" => "day".into(),
+            "wk" => "week".into(),
+            "month" => "month".into(),
+            "yr" => "year".into(),
+            _ => "unknown".into(),
+        });
+
+        vals.push(Value::Int {
+            val: split[0].parse::<i64>().unwrap_or(0),
+            span,
+        });
+    }
+
+    cols.push("sign".into());
+    vals.push(Value::String {
+        val: if sign == -1 { "-".into() } else { "+".into() },
+        span,
+    });
+
+    Value::Record { cols, vals, span }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/string.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,27 @@
+use crate::input_handler::{operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::{Call, CellPath},
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
     into_code, Category, Config, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature,
-    Span, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 use nu_utils::get_system_locale;
 use num_format::ToFormattedString;
 
+struct Arguments {
+    decimals_value: Option<i64>,
+    decimals: bool,
+    cell_paths: Option<Vec<CellPath>>,
+    config: Config,
+}
+
+impl CmdArgument for Arguments {
+    fn take_cell_paths(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<CellPath>> {
+        self.cell_paths.take()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SubCommand;
 
@@ -18,11 +32,20 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("into string")
-            // FIXME - need to support column paths
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Binary, Type::String),
+                (Type::Int, Type::String),
+                (Type::Number, Type::String),
+                (Type::String, Type::String),
+                (Type::Bool, Type::String),
+                (Type::Filesize, Type::String),
+                (Type::Date, Type::String),
+            ])
+            .allow_variants_without_examples(true) // https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/7032
             .rest(
                 "rest",
                 SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "column paths to convert to string (for table input)",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
             )
             .named(
                 "decimals",
@@ -56,34 +79,22 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "convert integer to string and append three decimal places",
                 example: "5 | into string -d 3",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "5.000".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::string("5.000", Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal to string and round to nearest integer",
                 example: "1.7 | into string -d 0",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "2".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::string("2", Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal to string",
                 example: "1.7 | into string -d 1",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "1.7".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::string("1.7", Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal to string and limit to 2 decimals",
                 example: "1.734 | into string -d 2",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "1.73".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::string("1.73", Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "try to convert decimal to string and provide negative decimal points",
@@ -100,32 +111,24 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             Example {
                 description: "convert decimal to string",
                 example: "4.3 | into string",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "4.3".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::string("4.3", Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "convert string to string",
                 example: "'1234' | into string",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "1234".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
+                result: Some(Value::string("1234", Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "convert boolean to string",
                 example: "true | into string",
-                result: Some(Value::String {
-                    val: "true".to_string(),
-                    span: Span::test_data(),
-                }),
-            },
-            Example {
-                description: "convert date to string",
-                example: "date now | into string",
-                result: None,
+                result: Some(Value::string("true", Span::test_data())),
             },
+            // TODO: This should work but does not; see https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/7032
+            // Example {
+            //     description: "convert date to string",
+            //     example: "'2020-10-10 10:00:00 +02:00' | into datetime | into string",
+            //     result: Some(Value::test_string("Sat Oct 10 10:00:00 2020")),
+            // },
             Example {
                 description: "convert filepath to string",
                 example: "ls Cargo.toml | get name | into string",
@@ -133,8 +136,8 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
             },
             Example {
                 description: "convert filesize to string",
-                example: "ls Cargo.toml | get size | into string",
-                result: None,
+                example: "1KiB | into string",
+                result: Some(Value::test_string("1,024 B")),
             },
         ]
     }
@@ -149,9 +152,6 @@ fn string_helper(
     let decimals = call.has_flag("decimals");
     let head = call.head;
     let decimals_value: Option<i64> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "decimals")?;
-    let column_paths: Vec<CellPath> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-    let config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
-
     if let Some(decimal_val) = decimals_value {
         if decimals && decimal_val.is_negative() {
             return Err(ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
@@ -160,6 +160,15 @@ fn string_helper(
             ));
         }
     }
+    let cell_paths = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+    let cell_paths = (!cell_paths.is_empty()).then_some(cell_paths);
+    let config = engine_state.get_config().clone();
+    let args = Arguments {
+        decimals_value,
+        decimals,
+        cell_paths,
+        config,
+    };
 
     match input {
         PipelineData::ExternalStream { stdout: None, .. } => Ok(Value::String {
@@ -179,45 +188,18 @@ fn string_helper(
             }
             .into_pipeline_data())
         }
-        _ => input.map(
-            move |v| {
-                if column_paths.is_empty() {
-                    action(&v, head, decimals, decimals_value, false, &config)
-                } else {
-                    let mut ret = v;
-                    for path in &column_paths {
-                        let config = config.clone();
-                        let r = ret.update_cell_path(
-                            &path.members,
-                            Box::new(move |old| {
-                                action(old, head, decimals, decimals_value, false, &config)
-                            }),
-                        );
-                        if let Err(error) = r {
-                            return Value::Error { error };
+        _ => operate(action, args, input, head, engine_state.ctrlc.clone()),
     }
 }
 
-                    ret
-                }
-            },
-            engine_state.ctrlc.clone(),
-        ),
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn action(
-    input: &Value,
-    span: Span,
-    decimals: bool,
-    digits: Option<i64>,
-    group_digits: bool,
-    config: &Config,
-) -> Value {
+fn action(input: &Value, args: &Arguments, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let decimals = args.decimals;
+    let digits = args.decimals_value;
+    let config = &args.config;
     match input {
         Value::Int { val, .. } => {
             let decimal_value = digits.unwrap_or(0) as usize;
-            let res = format_int(*val, group_digits, decimal_value);
+            let res = format_int(*val, false, decimal_value);
             Value::String { val: res, span }
         }
         Value::Float { val, .. } => {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/alias.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Alias;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for Alias {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("alias")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "name of the alias")
             .required(
                 "initial_value",
@@ -42,17 +43,24 @@ impl Command for Alias {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
+        vec![
+            Example {
                 description: "Alias ll to ls -l",
                 example: "alias ll = ls -l",
-            result: None,
-        }]
+                result: Some(Value::nothing(Span::test_data())),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Make an alias that makes a list of all custom commands",
+                example: "alias customs = ($nu.scope.commands | where is_custom | get command)",
+                result: Some(Value::nothing(Span::test_data())),
+            },
+        ]
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/ast.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use nu_parser::parse;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Spanned, SyntaxShape,
+    Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Spanned, SyntaxShape, Type,
+    Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ impl Command for Ast {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("ast")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required(
                 "pipeline",
                 SyntaxShape::String,
@@ -35,14 +37,13 @@ impl Command for Ast {
         call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let head = call.head;
         let pipeline: Spanned<String> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
 
         let (output, err) = parse(&mut working_set, None, pipeline.item.as_bytes(), false, &[]);
         eprintln!("output: {:#?}\nerror: {:#?}", output, err);
 
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
@@ -50,17 +51,17 @@ impl Command for Ast {
             Example {
                 description: "Print the ast of a string",
                 example: "ast 'hello'",
-                result: None,
+                result: Some(Value::nothing(Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Print the ast of a pipeline",
                 example: "ast 'ls | where name =~ README'",
-                result: None,
+                result: Some(Value::nothing(Span::test_data())),
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Print the ast of a pipeline with an error",
                 example: "ast 'for x in 1..10 { echo $x '",
-                result: None,
+                result: Some(Value::nothing(Span::test_data())),
             },
         ]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/break_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Type};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Break;
+
+impl Command for Break {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "break"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Break a loop"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("break")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
+            .category(Category::Core)
+    }
+
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        r#"This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
+  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nu.html"#
+    }
+
+    fn is_parser_keyword(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        _engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        Err(ShellError::Break(call.head))
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Break out of a loop",
+            example: r#"loop { break }"#,
+            result: None,
+        }]
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/commandline.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use nu_protocol::engine::ReplOperation;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::Category;
 use nu_protocol::IntoPipelineData;
-use nu_protocol::{PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Commandline;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for Commandline {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("commandline")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .switch(
                 "append",
                 "appends the string to the end of the buffer",

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/continue_.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Type};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Continue;
+
+impl Command for Continue {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "continue"
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Continue a loop from the next iteration"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("continue")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
+            .category(Category::Core)
+    }
+
+    fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
+        r#"This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
+  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nu.html"#
+    }
+
+    fn is_parser_keyword(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        _engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        _input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        Err(ShellError::Continue(call.head))
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Continue a loop from the next iteration",
+            example: r#"for i in 1..10 { if $i == 5 { continue }; print $i }"#,
+            result: None,
+        }]
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/debug.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Debug;
@@ -15,11 +15,17 @@ impl Command for Debug {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("debug").category(Category::Core).switch(
-            "raw",
-            "Prints the raw value representation",
-            Some('r'),
-        )
+        Signature::build("debug")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (
+                    Type::List(Box::new(Type::Any)),
+                    Type::List(Box::new(Type::String)),
+                ),
+                (Type::Table(vec![]), Type::List(Box::new(Type::String))),
+                (Type::Any, Type::String),
+            ])
+            .category(Category::Core)
+            .switch("raw", "Prints the raw value representation", Some('r'))
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -54,13 +60,21 @@ impl Command for Debug {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "Print the value of a string",
+                description: "Debug print a string",
                 example: "'hello' | debug",
                 result: Some(Value::test_string("hello")),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Print the value of a table",
-                example: "echo [[version patch]; [0.1.0 false] [0.1.1 true] [0.2.0 false]] | debug",
+                description: "Debug print a list",
+                example: "['hello'] | debug",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_string("hello")],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Debug print a table",
+                example: "[[version patch]; [0.1.0 false] [0.1.1 true] [0.2.0 false]] | debug",
                 result: Some(Value::List {
                     vals: vec![
                         Value::test_string("{version: 0.1.0, patch: false}"),

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/def.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Def;
@@ -16,13 +16,10 @@ impl Command for Def {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("def")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("def_name", SyntaxShape::String, "definition name")
             .required("params", SyntaxShape::Signature, "parameters")
-            .required(
-                "block",
-                SyntaxShape::Block(Some(vec![])),
-                "body of the definition",
-            )
+            .required("body", SyntaxShape::Closure(None), "body of the definition")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -39,10 +36,10 @@ impl Command for Def {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/def_env.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct DefEnv;
@@ -16,13 +16,10 @@ impl Command for DefEnv {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("def-env")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("def_name", SyntaxShape::String, "definition name")
             .required("params", SyntaxShape::Signature, "parameters")
-            .required(
-                "block",
-                SyntaxShape::Block(Some(vec![])),
-                "body of the definition",
-            )
+            .required("block", SyntaxShape::Block, "body of the definition")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -65,20 +62,17 @@ def-env cd_with_fallback [arg = ""] {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Set environment variable by call a custom command",
             example: r#"def-env foo [] { let-env BAR = "BAZ" }; foo; $env.BAR"#,
-            result: Some(Value::String {
-                val: "BAZ".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            }),
+            result: Some(Value::string("BAZ", Span::test_data())),
         }]
     }
 }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/describe.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ impl Command for Describe {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("describe").category(Category::Core)
+        Signature::build("describe")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Any, Type::String)])
+            .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
     fn run(

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/do_.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-use nu_engine::{eval_block, CallExt};
+use nu_engine::{eval_block_with_early_return, CallExt};
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
-use nu_protocol::engine::{CaptureBlock, Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Closure, Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, ListStream, PipelineData, RawStream, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape,
-    Value,
+    Category, Example, ListStream, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -15,23 +14,34 @@ impl Command for Do {
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Run a block"
+        "Run a closure, providing it with the pipeline input"
     }
 
-    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("do")
-            .required("block", SyntaxShape::Any, "the block to run")
+            .required("closure", SyntaxShape::Any, "the closure to run")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Any, Type::Any)])
             .switch(
                 "ignore-errors",
-                "ignore errors as the block runs",
+                "ignore errors as the closure runs",
                 Some('i'),
             )
+            .switch(
+                "ignore-shell-errors",
+                "ignore shell errors as the closure runs",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .switch(
+                "ignore-program-errors",
+                "ignore external program errors as the closure runs",
+                Some('p'),
+            )
             .switch(
                 "capture-errors",
-                "capture errors as the block runs and return it",
+                "catch errors as the closure runs, and return them",
                 Some('c'),
             )
-            .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "the parameter(s) for the block")
+            .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "the parameter(s) for the closure")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -41,10 +51,12 @@ impl Command for Do {
         stack: &mut Stack,
         call: &Call,
         input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        let block: CaptureBlock = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let block: Closure = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
         let rest: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 1)?;
-        let ignore_errors = call.has_flag("ignore-errors");
+        let ignore_all_errors = call.has_flag("ignore-errors");
+        let ignore_shell_errors = ignore_all_errors || call.has_flag("ignore-shell-errors");
+        let ignore_program_errors = ignore_all_errors || call.has_flag("ignore-program-errors");
         let capture_errors = call.has_flag("capture-errors");
 
         let mut stack = stack.captures_to_stack(&block.captures);
@@ -88,23 +100,15 @@ impl Command for Do {
                 )
             }
         }
-        let result = eval_block(
+        let result = eval_block_with_early_return(
             engine_state,
             &mut stack,
             block,
             input,
             call.redirect_stdout,
-            ignore_errors || capture_errors,
+            capture_errors || ignore_shell_errors || ignore_program_errors,
         );
 
-        if ignore_errors {
-            match result {
-                Ok(x) => Ok(x),
-                Err(_) => Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head)),
-            }
-        } else if capture_errors {
-            // collect stdout and stderr and check exit code.
-            // if exit code is not 0, return back ShellError.
         match result {
             Ok(PipelineData::ExternalStream {
                 stdout,
@@ -112,26 +116,8 @@ impl Command for Do {
                 exit_code,
                 span,
                 metadata,
-                }) => {
-                    // collect all output first.
-                    let mut stderr_ctrlc = None;
-                    let stderr_msg = match stderr {
-                        None => "".to_string(),
-                        Some(stderr_stream) => {
-                            stderr_ctrlc = stderr_stream.ctrlc.clone();
-                            stderr_stream.into_string().map(|s| s.item)?
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    let mut stdout_ctrlc = None;
-                    let stdout_msg = match stdout {
-                        None => "".to_string(),
-                        Some(stdout_stream) => {
-                            stdout_ctrlc = stdout_stream.ctrlc.clone();
-                            stdout_stream.into_string().map(|s| s.item)?
-                        }
-                    };
-
+                trim_end_newline,
+            }) if capture_errors => {
                 let mut exit_code_ctrlc = None;
                 let exit_code: Vec<Value> = match exit_code {
                     None => vec![],
@@ -141,59 +127,96 @@ impl Command for Do {
                     }
                 };
                 if let Some(Value::Int { val: code, .. }) = exit_code.last() {
-                        // if exit_code is not 0, it indicates error occured, return back Err.
                     if *code != 0 {
+                        let stderr_msg = match stderr {
+                            None => "".to_string(),
+                            Some(stderr_stream) => stderr_stream.into_string().map(|s| s.item)?,
+                        };
+
                         return Err(ShellError::ExternalCommand(
-                                "External command runs to failed".to_string(),
+                            "External command failed".to_string(),
                             stderr_msg,
                             span,
                         ));
                     }
                 }
-                    // construct pipeline data to our caller
+
                 Ok(PipelineData::ExternalStream {
-                        stdout: Some(RawStream::new(
-                            Box::new(vec![Ok(stdout_msg.into_bytes())].into_iter()),
-                            stdout_ctrlc,
-                            span,
-                        )),
-                        stderr: Some(RawStream::new(
-                            Box::new(vec![Ok(stderr_msg.into_bytes())].into_iter()),
-                            stderr_ctrlc,
-                            span,
-                        )),
+                    stdout,
+                    stderr,
                     exit_code: Some(ListStream::from_stream(
                         exit_code.into_iter(),
                         exit_code_ctrlc,
                     )),
                     span,
                     metadata,
+                    trim_end_newline,
                 })
             }
-                Ok(other) => Ok(other),
-                Err(e) => Err(e),
+            Ok(PipelineData::ExternalStream {
+                stdout,
+                stderr,
+                exit_code: _,
+                span,
+                metadata,
+                trim_end_newline,
+            }) if ignore_program_errors => Ok(PipelineData::ExternalStream {
+                stdout,
+                stderr,
+                exit_code: None,
+                span,
+                metadata,
+                trim_end_newline,
+            }),
+            Ok(PipelineData::Value(Value::Error { .. }, ..)) if ignore_shell_errors => {
+                Ok(PipelineData::empty())
             }
-        } else {
-            result
+            Err(_) if ignore_shell_errors => Ok(PipelineData::empty()),
+            r => r,
         }
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "Run the block",
+                description: "Run the closure",
                 example: r#"do { echo hello }"#,
                 result: Some(Value::test_string("hello")),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Run the block and ignore errors",
+                description: "Run a stored first-class closure",
+                example: r#"let text = "I am enclosed"; let hello = {|| echo $text}; do $hello"#,
+                result: Some(Value::test_string("I am enclosed")),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Run the closure and ignore both shell and external program errors",
                 example: r#"do -i { thisisnotarealcommand }"#,
                 result: None,
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Run the block, with a positional parameter",
-                example: r#"do {|x| 100 + $x } 50"#,
-                result: Some(Value::test_int(150)),
+                description: "Run the closure and ignore shell errors",
+                example: r#"do -s { thisisnotarealcommand }"#,
+                result: None,
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Run the closure and ignore external program errors",
+                example: r#"do -p { nu -c 'exit 1' }; echo "I'll still run""#,
+                result: None,
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Abort the pipeline if a program returns a non-zero exit code",
+                example: r#"do -c { nu -c 'exit 1' } | myscarycommand"#,
+                result: None,
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Run the closure, with a positional parameter",
+                example: r#"do {|x| 100 + $x } 77"#,
+                result: Some(Value::test_int(177)),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Run the closure, with input",
+                example: r#"77 | do {|x| 100 + $in }"#,
+                result: None, // TODO: returns 177
             },
         ]
     }

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/echo.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ use nu_engine::CallExt;
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, ListStream, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, ListStream, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type,
+    Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -14,17 +15,20 @@ impl Command for Echo {
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Echo the arguments back to the user."
+        "Returns its arguments, ignoring the piped-in value."
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
         Signature::build("echo")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Any)])
             .rest("rest", SyntaxShape::Any, "the values to echo")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
     fn extra_usage(&self) -> &str {
-        "Unlike `print`, this command returns an actual value that will be passed to the next command of the pipeline."
+        r#"When given no arguments, it returns an empty string. When given one argument,
+it returns it. Otherwise, it returns a list of the arguments. There is usually
+little reason to use this over just writing the values as-is."#
     }
 
     fn run(
@@ -47,13 +51,7 @@ impl Command for Echo {
                 std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => PipelineData::Value(to_be_echoed[0].clone(), None),
 
                 //  When there are no elements, we echo the empty string
-                std::cmp::Ordering::Less => PipelineData::Value(
-                    Value::String {
-                        val: "".to_string(),
-                        span: call.head,
-                    },
-                    None,
-                ),
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Less => PipelineData::Value(Value::string("", call.head), None),
             }
         })
     }
@@ -61,13 +59,17 @@ impl Command for Echo {
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![
             Example {
-                description: "Put a hello message in the pipeline",
-                example: "echo 'hello'",
-                result: Some(Value::test_string("hello")),
+                description: "Put a list of numbers in the pipeline. This is the same as [1 2 3].",
+                example: "echo 1 2 3",
+                result: Some(Value::List {
+                    vals: vec![Value::test_int(1), Value::test_int(2), Value::test_int(3)],
+                    span: Span::test_data(),
+                }),
             },
             Example {
-                description: "Print the value of the special '$nu' variable",
-                example: "echo $nu",
+                description:
+                    "Returns the piped-in value, by using the special $in variable to obtain it.",
+                example: "echo $in",
                 result: None,
             },
         ]

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/error_make.rs

@@ -108,10 +108,7 @@ fn make_error(value: &Value, throw_span: Option<Span>) -> Option<ShellError> {
                     ) => Some(ShellError::GenericError(
                         message,
                         label_text,
-                        Some(Span {
-                            start: start as usize,
-                            end: end as usize,
-                        }),
+                        Some(Span::new(start as usize, end as usize)),
                         None,
                         Vec::new(),
                     )),

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use nu_engine::get_full_help;
 use nu_protocol::{
     ast::Call,
     engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
-    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, Span, Value,
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ impl Command for ExportCommand {
     }
 
     fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("export").category(Category::Core)
+        Signature::build("export")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
+            .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
     fn usage(&self) -> &str {
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ impl Command for ExportCommand {
                 &ExportCommand.examples(),
                 engine_state,
                 stack,
+                self.is_parser_keyword(),
             ),
             span: call.head,
         }
@@ -53,10 +56,7 @@ impl Command for ExportCommand {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Export a definition from a module",
             example: r#"module utils { export def my-command [] { "hello" } }; use utils my-command; my-command"#,
-            result: Some(Value::String {
-                val: "hello".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            }),
+            result: Some(Value::string("hello", Span::test_data())),
         }]
     }
 

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_alias.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Type};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ExportAlias;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for ExportAlias {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("export alias")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "name of the alias")
             .required(
                 "initial_value",
@@ -38,10 +39,10 @@ impl Command for ExportAlias {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_def.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ExportDef;
@@ -16,13 +16,10 @@ impl Command for ExportDef {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("export def")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "definition name")
             .required("params", SyntaxShape::Signature, "parameters")
-            .required(
-                "block",
-                SyntaxShape::Block(Some(vec![])),
-                "body of the definition",
-            )
+            .required("block", SyntaxShape::Block, "body of the definition")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -39,20 +36,17 @@ impl Command for ExportDef {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Define a custom command in a module and call it",
             example: r#"module spam { export def foo [] { "foo" } }; use spam foo; foo"#,
-            result: Some(Value::String {
-                val: "foo".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            }),
+            result: Some(Value::string("foo", Span::test_data())),
         }]
     }
 

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_def_env.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ExportDefEnv;
@@ -16,13 +16,10 @@ impl Command for ExportDefEnv {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("export def-env")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("name", SyntaxShape::String, "definition name")
             .required("params", SyntaxShape::Signature, "parameters")
-            .required(
-                "block",
-                SyntaxShape::Block(Some(vec![])),
-                "body of the definition",
-            )
+            .required("block", SyntaxShape::Block, "body of the definition")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
 
@@ -65,20 +62,17 @@ export def-env cd_with_fallback [arg = ""] {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
         vec![Example {
             description: "Define a custom command that participates in the environment in a module and call it",
             example: r#"module foo { export def-env bar [] { let-env FOO_BAR = "BAZ" } }; use foo bar; bar; $env.FOO_BAR"#,
-            result: Some(Value::String {
-                val: "BAZ".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            }),
+            result: Some(Value::string("BAZ", Span::test_data())),
         }]
     }
 

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_extern.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Type};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ExportExtern;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for ExportExtern {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("export extern")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("def_name", SyntaxShape::String, "definition name")
             .required("params", SyntaxShape::Signature, "parameters")
             .category(Category::Core)
@@ -34,10 +35,10 @@ impl Command for ExportExtern {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/export_use.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Value};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, Span, SyntaxShape, Type, Value};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ExportUse;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for ExportUse {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("export use")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("pattern", SyntaxShape::ImportPattern, "import pattern")
             .category(Category::Core)
     }
@@ -33,10 +34,10 @@ impl Command for ExportUse {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
@@ -47,10 +48,7 @@ impl Command for ExportUse {
     use eggs foo
     foo
             "#,
-            result: Some(Value::String {
-                val: "foo".to_string(),
-                span: Span::test_data(),
-            }),
+            result: Some(Value::string("foo", Span::test_data())),
         }]
     }
 

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/extern_.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
 use nu_protocol::engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack};
-use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape};
+use nu_protocol::{Category, Example, PipelineData, Signature, SyntaxShape, Type};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Extern;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ impl Command for Extern {
 
     fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
         Signature::build("extern")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Nothing, Type::Nothing)])
             .required("def_name", SyntaxShape::String, "definition name")
             .required("params", SyntaxShape::Signature, "parameters")
             .category(Category::Core)
@@ -34,10 +35,10 @@ impl Command for Extern {
         &self,
         _engine_state: &EngineState,
         _stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
+        _call: &Call,
         _input: PipelineData,
     ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::new(call.head))
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {

crates/nu-command/src/core_commands/for_.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use nu_engine::{eval_block, eval_expression, CallExt};
 use nu_protocol::ast::Call;
-use nu_protocol::engine::{CaptureBlock, Command, EngineState, Stack};
+use nu_protocol::engine::{Block, Command, EngineState, Stack};
 use nu_protocol::{
-    Category, Example, IntoInterruptiblePipelineData, ListStream, PipelineData, Signature, Span,
-    SyntaxShape, Value,
+    Category, Example, ListStream, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, SyntaxShape, Value,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -30,11 +29,7 @@ impl Command for For {
                 SyntaxShape::Keyword(b"in".to_vec(), Box::new(SyntaxShape::Any)),
                 "range of the loop",
             )
-            .required(
-                "block",
-                SyntaxShape::Block(Some(vec![])),
-                "the block to run",
-            )
+            .required("block", SyntaxShape::Block, "the block to run")
             .switch(
                 "numbered",
                 "returned a numbered item ($it.index and $it.item)",
@@ -74,38 +69,29 @@ impl Command for For {
             .expect("internal error: missing keyword");
         let values = eval_expression(engine_state, stack, keyword_expr)?;
 
-        let capture_block: CaptureBlock = call.req(engine_state, stack, 2)?;
+        let block: Block = call.req(engine_state, stack, 2)?;
 
         let numbered = call.has_flag("numbered");
 
         let ctrlc = engine_state.ctrlc.clone();
         let engine_state = engine_state.clone();
-        let block = engine_state.get_block(capture_block.block_id).clone();
-        let mut stack = stack.captures_to_stack(&capture_block.captures);
-        let orig_env_vars = stack.env_vars.clone();
-        let orig_env_hidden = stack.env_hidden.clone();
+        let block = engine_state.get_block(block.block_id).clone();
         let redirect_stdout = call.redirect_stdout;
         let redirect_stderr = call.redirect_stderr;
 
         match values {
             Value::List { vals, .. } => {
-                Ok(ListStream::from_stream(vals.into_iter(), ctrlc.clone())
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .map(move |(idx, x)| {
-                        stack.with_env(&orig_env_vars, &orig_env_hidden);
+                for (idx, x) in ListStream::from_stream(vals.into_iter(), ctrlc).enumerate() {
+                    // with_env() is used here to ensure that each iteration uses
+                    // a different set of environment variables.
+                    // Hence, a 'cd' in the first loop won't affect the next loop.
 
                     stack.add_var(
                         var_id,
                         if numbered {
                             Value::Record {
                                 cols: vec!["index".into(), "item".into()],
-                                    vals: vec![
-                                        Value::Int {
-                                            val: idx as i64,
-                                            span: head,
-                                        },
-                                        x,
-                                    ],
+                                vals: vec![Value::int(idx as i64, head), x],
                                 span: head,
                             }
                         } else {
@@ -116,37 +102,38 @@ impl Command for For {
                     //let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
                     match eval_block(
                         &engine_state,
-                            &mut stack,
+                        stack,
                         &block,
-                            PipelineData::new(head),
+                        PipelineData::empty(),
                         redirect_stdout,
                         redirect_stderr,
                     ) {
-                            Ok(pipeline_data) => pipeline_data.into_value(head),
-                            Err(error) => Value::Error { error },
+                        Err(ShellError::Break(_)) => {
+                            break;
                         }
-                    })
-                    .filter(|x| !x.is_nothing())
-                    .into_pipeline_data(ctrlc))
+                        Err(ShellError::Continue(_)) => {
+                            continue;
                         }
-            Value::Range { val, .. } => Ok(val
-                .into_range_iter(ctrlc.clone())?
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(move |(idx, x)| {
-                    stack.with_env(&orig_env_vars, &orig_env_hidden);
-
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            return Err(err);
+                        }
+                        Ok(pipeline) => {
+                            let exit_code = pipeline.print(&engine_state, stack, false, false)?;
+                            if exit_code != 0 {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Range { val, .. } => {
+                for (idx, x) in val.into_range_iter(ctrlc)?.enumerate() {
                     stack.add_var(
                         var_id,
                         if numbered {
                             Value::Record {
                                 cols: vec!["index".into(), "item".into()],
-                                vals: vec![
-                                    Value::Int {
-                                        val: idx as i64,
-                                        span: head,
-                                    },
-                                    x,
-                                ],
+                                vals: vec![Value::int(idx as i64, head), x],
                                 span: head,
                             }
                         } else {
@@ -157,76 +144,64 @@ impl Command for For {
                     //let block = engine_state.get_block(block_id);
                     match eval_block(
                         &engine_state,
-                        &mut stack,
+                        stack,
                         &block,
-                        PipelineData::new(head),
+                        PipelineData::empty(),
                         redirect_stdout,
                         redirect_stderr,
                     ) {
-                        Ok(pipeline_data) => pipeline_data.into_value(head),
-                        Err(error) => Value::Error { error },
+                        Err(ShellError::Break(_)) => {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        Err(ShellError::Continue(_)) => {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            return Err(err);
+                        }
+                        Ok(pipeline) => {
+                            let exit_code = pipeline.print(&engine_state, stack, false, false)?;
+                            if exit_code != 0 {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
-                })
-                .filter(|x| !x.is_nothing())
-                .into_pipeline_data(ctrlc)),
             x => {
                 stack.add_var(var_id, x);
 
                 eval_block(
                     &engine_state,
-                    &mut stack,
+                    stack,
                     &block,
-                    PipelineData::new(head),
+                    PipelineData::empty(),
                     redirect_stdout,
                     redirect_stderr,
-                )
+                )?
+                .into_value(head);
             }
         }
+        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
     }
 
     fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        let span = Span::test_data();
         vec![
             Example {
                 description: "Echo the square of each integer",
-                example: "for x in [1 2 3] { $x * $x }",
-                result: Some(Value::List {
-                    vals: vec![
-                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
-                        Value::Int { val: 4, span },
-                        Value::Int { val: 9, span },
-                    ],
-                    span,
-                }),
+                example: "for x in [1 2 3] { print ($x * $x) }",
+                result: None,
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Work with elements of a range",
-                example: "for $x in 1..3 { $x }",
-                result: Some(Value::List {
-                    vals: vec![
-                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
-                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
-                        Value::Int { val: 3, span },
-                    ],
-                    span,
-                }),
+                example: "for $x in 1..3 { print $x }",
+                result: None,
             },
             Example {
                 description: "Number each item and echo a message",
-                example: "for $it in ['bob' 'fred'] --numbered { $\"($it.index) is ($it.item)\" }",
-                result: Some(Value::List {
-                    vals: vec![
-                        Value::String {
-                            val: "0 is bob".into(),
-                            span,
-                        },
-                        Value::String {
-                            val: "1 is fred".into(),
-                            span,
-                        },
-                    ],
-                    span,
-                }),
+                example:
+                    "for $it in ['bob' 'fred'] --numbered { print $\"($it.index) is ($it.item)\" }",
+                result: None,
             },
         ]
     }