Stefan Holderbach c87bac04c0
Add common map-like API to nu_protocol::Record (#10841)
# Description

> Our `Record` looks like a map, quacks like a map, so let's treat it
with the API for a map

Implement common methods found on e.g. `std::collections::HashMap` or
the insertion-ordered [indexmap](https://docs.rs/indexmap).

This allows contributors to not have to worry about how to get to the
relevant items and not mess up the assumptions of a Nushell record.

## Record assumptions
- `cols` and `vals` are of equal length
- for all practical purposes, keys/columns should be unique

## End goal

The end goal of the upcoming series of PR's is to allow us to make
`cols` and `vals` private.
Then it would be possible to exchange the backing datastructure to best
fit the expected workload.
This could be statically (by finding the best balance) or dynamically by
using an `enum` of potential representations.

## Parts
- Add validating explicit part constructor
`Record::from_raw_cols_vals()`
- Add `Record.columns()` iterator
- Add `Record.values()` iterator
- Add consuming `Record.into_values()` iterator
- Add `Record.contains()` helper
- Add `Record.insert()` that respects existing keys
- Add key-based `.get()`/`.get_mut()` to `Record`
- Add `Record.get_index()` for index-based access
- Implement `Extend` for `Record` naively
- Use checked constructor in `record!` macro
- Add `Record.index_of()` to get index by key

# User-Facing Changes
None directly

# Developer facing changes
You don't have to roll your own record handling and can use a familiar
API

# Tests + Formatting
No explicit unit tests yet. Wouldn't be too tricky to validate core
properties directly.
Will be exercised by the following PRs using the new
methods/traits/iterators.
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Nushell core libraries and plugins

These sub-crates form both the foundation for Nu and a set of plugins which extend Nu with additional functionality.

Foundational libraries are split into two kinds of crates:

  • Core crates - those crates that work together to build the Nushell language engine
  • Support crates - a set of crates that support the engine with additional features like JSON support, ANSI support, and more.

Plugins are likewise also split into two types:

  • Core plugins - plugins that provide part of the default experience of Nu, including access to the system properties, processes, and web-connectivity features.
  • Extra plugins - these plugins run a wide range of different capabilities like working with different file types, charting, viewing binary data, and more.