2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
|
|
|
|
|
|
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Two-Interface Firewall</title>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="none">
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|
|
|
|
|
|
style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber5"
|
|
|
|
|
|
bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="100%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Basic Two-Interface Firewall</font></h1>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Setting up a Linux system as a firewall for a small network
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
is a fairly straight-forward task if you understand the basics and follow
|
|
|
|
|
|
the documentation.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>This guide doesn't attempt to acquaint you with all of the features of
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
Shorewall. It rather focuses on what is required to configure Shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
in its most common configuration:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>Linux system used as a firewall/router for a small local
|
|
|
|
|
|
network.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Single public IP address.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Internet connection through cable modem, DSL, ISDN, Frame
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relay, dial-up ...</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Here is a schematic of a typical installation.</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/basics.png" width="444"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="635">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>If you are running Shorewall under Mandrake 9.0 or later, you can easily
|
|
|
|
|
|
configure the above setup using the Mandrake "Internet Connection Sharing"
|
|
|
|
|
|
applet. From the Mandrake Control Center, select "Network & Internet"
|
|
|
|
|
|
then "Connection Sharing". You should not need to refer to this guide.</b><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>This guide assumes that you have the iproute/iproute2 package installed
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
(on RedHat, the package is called <i>iproute</i>)<i>. </i>You can tell
|
|
|
|
|
|
if this package is installed by the presence of an <b>ip</b> program on
|
|
|
|
|
|
your firewall system. As root, you can use the 'which' command to check
|
|
|
|
|
|
for this program:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<pre> [root@gateway root]# which ip<br> /sbin/ip<br> [root@gateway root]#</pre>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>I recommend that you first read through the guide to familiarize yourself
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
with what's involved then go back through it again making your configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes. Points at which configuration changes are recommended are flagged
|
|
|
|
|
|
with <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
|
|
|
|
|
.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p><img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif" width="60" height="60">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> If you edit your configuration files on a Windows system, you
|
|
|
|
|
|
must save them as Unix files if your editor supports that option or you
|
|
|
|
|
|
must run them through dos2unix before trying to use them. Similarly, if
|
|
|
|
|
|
you copy a configuration file from your Windows hard drive to a floppy
|
|
|
|
|
|
disk, you must run dos2unix against the copy before using it with Shorewall.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/51438.html">Windows
|
|
|
|
|
|
Version of dos2unix</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/">Linux Version
|
|
|
|
|
|
of dos2unix</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Concepts</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13" height="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
alt="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> The configuration files for Shorewall are contained in the directory
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall -- for simple setups, you will only need to deal with a
|
|
|
|
|
|
few of these as described in this guide. After you have <a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="Install.htm">installed Shorewall</a>, <b>download the <a
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
href="/pub/shorewall/LATEST.samples/two-interfaces.tgz">two-interface sample</a>,
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
un-tar it (tar -zxvf two-interfaces.tgz) and and copy the files to /etc/shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
(these files will replace files with the same name).</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>As each file is introduced, I suggest that you look through the actual
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
file on your system -- each file contains detailed configuration instructions
|
|
|
|
|
|
and default entries.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>Shorewall views the network where it is running as being composed of a
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
set of <i>zones.</i> In the two-interface sample configuration, the following
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone names are used:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;" cellpadding="3"
|
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" id="AutoNumber2">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Name</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Description</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>net</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>The Internet</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>loc</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>Your Local Network</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>Zones are defined in the <a href="Documentation.htm#Zones"> /etc/shorewall/zones</a>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>Shorewall also recognizes the firewall system as its own zone - by default,
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
the firewall itself is known as <b>fw.</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>Rules about what traffic to allow and what traffic to deny are expressed
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
in terms of zones.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>You express your default policy for connections from one
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone to another zone in the<a href="Documentation.htm#Policy"> /etc/shorewall/policy
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>file.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>You define exceptions to those default policies in the
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="Documentation.htm#Rules">/etc/shorewall/rules </a>file.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>For each connection request entering the firewall, the request is first
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
checked against the /etc/shorewall/rules file. If no rule in that file
|
|
|
|
|
|
matches the connection request then the first policy in /etc/shorewall/policy
|
|
|
|
|
|
that matches the request is applied. If that policy is REJECT or DROP<4F>
|
|
|
|
|
|
the request is first checked against the rules in /etc/shorewall/common
|
|
|
|
|
|
(the samples provide that file for you).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>The /etc/shorewall/policy file included with the two-interface sample has
|
|
|
|
|
|
the following policies:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber3">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Source Zone</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Destination Zone</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Policy</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Log Level</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Limit:Burst</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>all</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>DROP</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>info</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>all</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>all</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>REJECT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>info</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>In the two-interface sample, the line below is included but commented
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
out. If you want your firewall system to have full access to servers
|
|
|
|
|
|
on the internet, uncomment that line.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber3">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Source Zone</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Destination Zone</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Policy</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Log Level</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>Limit:Burst</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p>The above policy will:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>allow all connection requests from your local network to
|
|
|
|
|
|
the internet</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>drop (ignore) all connection requests from the internet to
|
|
|
|
|
|
your firewall or local network</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>optionally accept all connection requests from the firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
to the internet (if you uncomment the additional policy)</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>reject all other connection requests.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13" height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> At this point, edit your /etc/shorewall/policy and make any
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes that you wish.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">Network Interfaces</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/basics.png" width="444"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="635">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The firewall has two network interfaces. Where Internet
|
|
|
|
|
|
connectivity is through a cable or DSL "Modem", the <i>External Interface</i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
will be the ethernet adapter that is connected to that "Modem" (e.g., <b>eth0</b>)<29>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<u>unless</u> you connect via <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint <u>P</u>rotocol
|
|
|
|
|
|
over <u>E</u>thernet</i> (PPPoE) or <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint <u>T</u>unneling
|
|
|
|
|
|
<u>P</u>rotocol </i>(PPTP) in which case the External Interface will
|
|
|
|
|
|
be a ppp interface (e.g., <b>ppp0</b>). If you connect via a regular modem,
|
|
|
|
|
|
your External Interface will also be <b>ppp0</b>. If you connect via ISDN,
|
|
|
|
|
|
your external interface will be <b>ippp0.</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_1.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or<b> ippp0</b><EFBFBD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
then you will want to set CLAMPMSS=yes in <a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="Documentation.htm#Conf"> /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</a></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Your <i>Internal Interface</i> will be an ethernet adapter
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
(eth1 or eth0) and will be connected to a hub or switch. Your other computers
|
|
|
|
|
|
will be connected to the same hub/switch (note: If you have only a single
|
|
|
|
|
|
internal system, you can connect the firewall directly to the computer
|
|
|
|
|
|
using a <i>cross-over </i> cable).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><u><b> <img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif"
|
|
|
|
|
|
width="60" height="60">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</b></u>Do not connect the internal and external interface to the
|
|
|
|
|
|
same hub or switch (even for testing). It won't work the way that you think
|
|
|
|
|
|
that it will and you will end up confused and believing that Shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
doesn't work at all.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" align="left"
|
|
|
|
|
|
width="13" height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> The Shorewall two-interface sample configuration assumes that
|
|
|
|
|
|
the external interface is <b>eth0</b> and the internal interface is
|
|
|
|
|
|
<b>eth1</b>. If your configuration is different, you will have to modify
|
|
|
|
|
|
the sample <a href="Documentation.htm#Interfaces">/etc/shorewall/interfaces</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
file accordingly. While you are there, you may wish to review the list
|
|
|
|
|
|
of options that are specified for the interfaces. Some hints:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>,
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
you can replace the "detect" in the second column with "-". </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
or if you have a static IP address, you can remove "dhcp" from the
|
|
|
|
|
|
option list. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">IP Addresses</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Before going further, we should say a few words about Internet
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
Protocol (IP) <i>addresses</i>. Normally, your ISP will assign you a
|
|
|
|
|
|
single <i> Public</i> IP address. This address may be assigned via the<i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</i> (DHCP) or as part of establishing
|
|
|
|
|
|
your connection when you dial in (standard modem) or establish your PPP
|
|
|
|
|
|
connection. In rare cases, your ISP may assign you a<i> static</i> IP address;
|
|
|
|
|
|
that means that you configure your firewall's external interface to use
|
|
|
|
|
|
that address permanently.<i> </i>However your external address is assigned,
|
|
|
|
|
|
it will be shared by all of your systems when you access the Internet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will have to assign your own addresses in your internal network (the
|
|
|
|
|
|
Internal Interface on your firewall plus your other computers). RFC 1918
|
|
|
|
|
|
reserves several <i>Private </i>IP address ranges for this purpose:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<pre> 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255<br> 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255<br> 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255</pre>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> Before starting Shorewall, you should look at the IP address
|
|
|
|
|
|
of your external interface and if it is one of the above ranges, you
|
|
|
|
|
|
should remove the 'norfc1918' option from the external interface's
|
|
|
|
|
|
entry in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">You will want to assign your addresses from the same <i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub-network </i>(<i>subnet)</i>.<2E> For our purposes, we can consider a subnet
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
to consists of a range of addresses x.y.z.0 - x.y.z.255. Such a subnet
|
|
|
|
|
|
will have a <i>Subnet Mask </i>of 255.255.255.0. The address x.y.z.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
is reserved as the <i>Subnet Address</i> and x.y.z.255 is reserved as
|
|
|
|
|
|
the <i>Subnet Broadcast</i> <i>Address</i>. In Shorewall, a subnet is
|
|
|
|
|
|
described using<6E><a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm#Subnets"><i>Classless
|
|
|
|
|
|
InterDomain Routing </i>(CIDR) notation</a> with consists of the subnet
|
|
|
|
|
|
address followed by "/24". The "24" refers to the number of consecutive
|
|
|
|
|
|
leading "1" bits from the left of the subnet mask. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Example sub-network:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;" id="AutoNumber1"
|
|
|
|
|
|
cellpadding="2">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>Range:</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>10.10.10.0 - 10.10.10.255</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>Subnet Address:</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>10.10.10.0</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>Broadcast Address:</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>10.10.10.255</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><b>CIDR<EFBFBD>Notation:</b></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>10.10.10.0/24</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">It is conventional to assign the internal interface either
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
the first usable address in the subnet (10.10.10.1 in the above example)
|
|
|
|
|
|
or the last usable address (10.10.10.254).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">One of the purposes of subnetting is to allow all computers
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
in the subnet to understand which other computers can be communicated
|
|
|
|
|
|
with directly. To communicate with systems outside of the subnetwork,
|
|
|
|
|
|
systems send packets through a<i><EFBFBD> gateway</i><EFBFBD> (router).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_1.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> Your local computers (computer 1 and computer 2 in the above
|
|
|
|
|
|
diagram) should be configured with their<i> default gateway</i> to
|
|
|
|
|
|
be the IP address of the firewall's internal interface.<i><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> </i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The foregoing short discussion barely scratches the surface
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
regarding subnetting and routing. If you are interested in learning more
|
|
|
|
|
|
about IP addressing and routing, I highly recommend <i>"IP Fundamentals:
|
|
|
|
|
|
What Everyone Needs to Know about Addressing & Routing",</i> Thomas
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Maufer, Prentice-Hall, 1999, ISBN 0-13-975483-0.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The remainder of this quide will assume that you have configured
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
your network as shown here:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/basics1.png" width="444"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="635">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-07 16:28:04 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The default gateway for computer's 1 & 2 would be 10.10.10.254.</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">IP Masquerading (SNAT)</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The addresses reserved by RFC 1918 are sometimes referred
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
to as <i>non-routable</i> because the Internet backbone routers don't
|
|
|
|
|
|
forward packets which have an RFC-1918 destination address. When one of
|
|
|
|
|
|
your local systems (let's assume computer 1) sends a connection request
|
|
|
|
|
|
to an internet host, the firewall must perform <i>Network Address Translation
|
|
|
|
|
|
</i>(NAT). The firewall rewrites the source address in the packet to
|
|
|
|
|
|
be the address of the firewall's external interface; in other words, the
|
|
|
|
|
|
firewall makes it look as if the firewall itself is initiating the connection.<2E>
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is necessary so that the destination host will be able to route return
|
|
|
|
|
|
packets back to the firewall (remember that packets whose destination
|
|
|
|
|
|
address is reserved by RFC 1918 can't be routed across the internet so
|
|
|
|
|
|
the remote host can't address its response to computer 1). When the firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
receives a return packet, it rewrites the destination address back to 10.10.10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
and forwards the packet on to computer 1. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">On Linux systems, the above process is often referred to as<i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
IP Masquerading</i> but you will also see the term <i>Source Network Address
|
|
|
|
|
|
Translation </i>(SNAT) used. Shorewall follows the convention used with
|
|
|
|
|
|
Netfilter:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><i>Masquerade</i> describes the case where you let your
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
firewall system automatically detect the external interface address.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><i>SNAT</i> refers to the case when you explicitly specify
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
the source address that you want outbound packets from your local network
|
|
|
|
|
|
to use. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">In Shorewall, both Masquerading and SNAT are configured with
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
entries in the /etc/shorewall/masq file. You will normally use Masquerading
|
|
|
|
|
|
if your external IP is dynamic and SNAT if the IP is static.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> If your external firewall interface is <b>eth0</b>, you do not
|
|
|
|
|
|
need to modify the file provided with the sample. Otherwise, edit /etc/shorewall/masq
|
|
|
|
|
|
and change the first column to the name of your external interface and
|
|
|
|
|
|
the second column to the name of your internal interface.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> If your external IP is static, you can enter it in the third
|
|
|
|
|
|
column in the /etc/shorewall/masq entry if you like although your firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
will work fine if you leave that column empty. Entering your static
|
|
|
|
|
|
IP in column 3 makes processing outgoing packets a little more efficient.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13" height="13" alt="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> If you are using the Debian package, please check your shorewall.conf
|
|
|
|
|
|
file to ensure that the following are set correctly; if they are not, change
|
|
|
|
|
|
them appropriately:<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>NAT_ENABLED=Yes</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>IP_FORWARDING=On<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">Port Forwarding (DNAT)</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">One of your goals may be to run one or more servers on your
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
local computers. Because these computers have RFC-1918 addresses, it
|
|
|
|
|
|
is not possible for clients on the internet to connect directly to them.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is rather necessary for those clients to address their connection requests
|
|
|
|
|
|
to the firewall who rewrites the destination address to the address of
|
|
|
|
|
|
your server and forwards the packet to that server. When your server responds,
|
|
|
|
|
|
the firewall automatically performs SNAT to rewrite the source address
|
|
|
|
|
|
in the response.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The above process is called<i> Port Forwarding</i> or <i>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
Destination Network Address Translation</i> (DNAT). You configure port
|
|
|
|
|
|
forwarding using DNAT rules in the /etc/shorewall/rules file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>The general form of a simple port forwarding rule in /etc/shorewall/rules
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
is:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>DNAT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc:<i><server local ip address> </i>[:<i><server
|
|
|
|
|
|
port></i>]</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><i><protocol></i></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><i><port></i></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p>Example - you run a Web Server on computer 2 and you want to forward incoming
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
TCP port 80 to that system:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>DNAT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc:10.10.10.2</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>80</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p>A couple of important points to keep in mind:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>You must test the above rule from a client outside of your
|
|
|
|
|
|
local network (i.e., don't test from a browser running on computers
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 or 2 or on the firewall). If you want to be able to access your web
|
|
|
|
|
|
server using the IP address of your external interface, see <a
|
2002-09-30 20:11:25 +02:00
|
|
|
|
href="FAQ.htm#faq2">Shorewall FAQ #2</a>.</li>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>Many ISPs block incoming connection requests to port 80.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have problems connecting to your web server, try the following
|
|
|
|
|
|
rule and try connecting to port 5000.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>DNAT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc:10.10.10.2:80</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>5000</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p> <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13" height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> At this point, modify /etc/shorewall/rules to add any DNAT
|
|
|
|
|
|
rules that you require.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">Domain Name Server (DNS)</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Normally, when you connect to your ISP, as part of getting
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
an IP address your firewall's <i>Domain Name Service </i>(DNS) resolver
|
|
|
|
|
|
will be automatically configured (e.g., the /etc/resolv.conf file will
|
|
|
|
|
|
be written). Alternatively, your ISP may have given you the IP address
|
|
|
|
|
|
of a pair of DNS <i> name servers</i> for you to manually configure as your
|
|
|
|
|
|
primary and secondary name servers. Regardless of how DNS gets configured
|
|
|
|
|
|
on your firewall, it is <u>your</u> responsibility to configure the resolver
|
|
|
|
|
|
in your internal systems. You can take one of two approaches:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">You can configure your internal systems to use your ISP's
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
name servers. If you ISP gave you the addresses of their servers or
|
|
|
|
|
|
if those addresses are available on their web site, you can configure
|
|
|
|
|
|
your internal systems to use those addresses. If that information isn't
|
|
|
|
|
|
available, look in /etc/resolv.conf on your firewall system -- the name
|
|
|
|
|
|
servers are given in "nameserver" records in that file. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> You can configure a<i> Caching Name Server </i>on your firewall.<i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</i>Red Hat has an RPM for a caching name server (the RPM also
|
|
|
|
|
|
requires the 'bind' RPM) and for Bering users, there is dnscache.lrp. If
|
|
|
|
|
|
you take this approach, you configure your internal systems to use the
|
|
|
|
|
|
firewall itself as their primary (and only) name server. You use the internal
|
|
|
|
|
|
IP address of the firewall (10.10.10.254 in the example above) for the
|
|
|
|
|
|
name server address. To allow your local systems to talk to your caching
|
|
|
|
|
|
name server, you must open port 53 (both UDP and TCP) from the local
|
|
|
|
|
|
network to the firewall; you do that by adding the following rules in
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/rules. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>53</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>udp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>53</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">Other Connections</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The two-interface sample includes the following rules:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>53</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>udp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>53</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Those rules allow DNS access from your firewall and may be
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
removed if you uncommented the line in /etc/shorewall/policy allowing
|
|
|
|
|
|
all connections from the firewall to the internet.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The sample also includes:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>22</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">That rule allows you to run an SSH server on your firewall
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
and connect to that server from your local systems.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">If you wish to enable other connections between your firewall
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
and other systems, the general format is:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><i><source zone></i></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><i><destination zone></i></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><i><protocol></i></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><i><port></i></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Example - You want to run a Web Server on your firewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
system:</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>80</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>#Allow web access</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>from the internet</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>loc</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>80</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>#Allow web access</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>from the local network</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">Those two rules would of course be in addition to the rules
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
listed above under "You can configure a Caching Name Server on your
|
|
|
|
|
|
firewall"</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">If you don't know what port and protocol a particular application
|
|
|
|
|
|
uses, look <a href="ports.htm">here</a>.</p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><b>Important: </b>I don't recommend enabling telnet to/from
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
the internet because it uses clear text (even for login!). If you want
|
|
|
|
|
|
shell access to your firewall from the internet, use SSH:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|
|
|
|
|
|
id="AutoNumber4">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>ACCEPT</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>net</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>fw</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>tcp</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>22</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> Now edit your /etc/shorewall/rules file to add or delete
|
|
|
|
|
|
other connections as required.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="left">Starting and Stopping Your Firewall</h2>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-30 20:11:25 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"> <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif"
|
|
|
|
|
|
width="13" height="13" alt="Arrow">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> The <a href="Install.htm">installation procedure </a> configures
|
|
|
|
|
|
your system to start Shorewall at system boot<6F> but beginning with Shorewall
|
|
|
|
|
|
version 1.3.9 startup is disabled so that your system won't try to start
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shorewall before configuration is complete. Once you have completed configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
of your firewall, you can enable Shorewall startup by removing the file
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-09-30 20:11:25 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><font color="#ff0000"><b>IMPORTANT</b>: </font><font
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
color="#ff0000">Users of the .deb package must edit /etc/default/shorewall
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
and set 'startup=1'.</font><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left">The firewall is started using the "shorewall start" command
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
and stopped using "shorewall stop". When the firewall is stopped, routing
|
|
|
|
|
|
is enabled on those hosts that have an entry in <a
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>. A
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
running firewall may be restarted using the "shorewall restart" command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you want to totally remove any trace of Shorewall from your Netfilter
|
|
|
|
|
|
configuration, use "shorewall clear".</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
|
|
|
|
|
|
height="13">
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<20><><EFBFBD> The two-interface sample assumes that you want to enable
|
|
|
|
|
|
routing to/from <b>eth1 </b>(the local network) when Shorewall is stopped.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If your local network isn't connected to <b>eth1</b> or if you wish to
|
|
|
|
|
|
enable access to/from other hosts, change /etc/shorewall/routestopped
|
|
|
|
|
|
accordingly.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div align="left">
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><b>WARNING: </b>If you are connected to your firewall from
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
the internet, do not issue a "shorewall stop" command unless you have
|
|
|
|
|
|
added an entry for the IP address that you are connected from to <a
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also, I don't recommend using "shorewall restart"; it is better to create
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
an <i><a href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs">alternate configuration</a></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
and test it using the <a
|
|
|
|
|
|
href="starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm">"shorewall try" command</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 12/20/2002 - <a
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="left"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002 Thomas
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
M. Eastep</font></a></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-12-28 16:38:03 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-11-24 21:12:22 +01:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-10-09 17:47:48 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-09-30 20:11:25 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-09-30 20:11:25 +02:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2002-08-22 23:33:54 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
2002-09-16 19:02:45 +02:00
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
