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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article>
<!--$Id$-->
<articleinfo>
<title>Anatomy of Shorewall 4.0</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Eastep</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>2007</year>
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
License</ulink></quote>.</para>
</legalnotice>
</articleinfo>
<section id="Products">
<title>Products</title>
<para>Shorewall 4.0 consists of four packages.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-common</emphasis>. This package
must be installed on at least one system in your network. That system
must also have Shorewall-shell and/or Shorewall-perl installed.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-shell</emphasis>. This package
includes the legacy Shorewall configuration compiler written in Bourne
Shell. This compiler is very portable but suffers from performance
problems and has become hard to maintain.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-perl</emphasis>. An alternative
to Shorewall-shell written in the Perl language. This compiler is
highly portable to those Unix-like platforms that support Perl
(including Cygwin) and is the compiler of choice for new Shorewall
installations.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Shorewall-lite</emphasis>. Shorewall
allows for central administration of multiple firewalls through use of
Shorewall lite. The full Shorewall product (along with Shorewall-shell
and/or Shorewall-perl) are installed on a central administrative
system where compiled Shorewall scripts are generated. These scripts
are copied to the firewall systems where they run under the control of
Shorewall-lite.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall">
<title>Shorewall-common</title>
<para>The Shorewall-common package includes a large number of files which
are installed in /<filename class="directory">sbin</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>,
<filename>/etc/init.d</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/var/lilb/shorewall/</filename>. These are described in
the sub-sections that follow.</para>
<section id="sbin">
<title>/sbin</title>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall</filename> shell program is use to
interact with Shorewall. See <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8).</para>
</section>
<section id="share-shorewall">
<title>/usr/share/shorewall</title>
<para>The bulk of Shorewall is installed here.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>action.template</filename> - template file for
creating <ulink url="Actions.html">actions</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>action.*</filename> - standard Shorewall
actions.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>actions.std</filename> - file listing the standard
actions.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="directory">configfiles</filename> - A
directory containing configuration files to copy to create a <ulink
url="CompiledPrograms.html#Lite">Shorewall-lite export
directory.</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename><filename>configpath</filename></filename> - A file
containing distribution-specific path assignments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall</filename> - A shell program that handles
the <command>add</command> and <command>delete</command> commands
(see <ulink url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)). It
also handles the <command>stop</command> and
<command>clear</command> commands when there is no current compiled
firewall script on the system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">functions</filename> - A symbolic
link to <filename>lib.base</filename> that provides for
compatibility with older versions of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">init</filename> - A symbolic link to
the init script (usually
<filename>/etc/init.d/shorewall</filename>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the other shell programs.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>macro.*</filename> - The standard Shorewall <ulink
url="Macros.html">macros</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>modules</filename> - File that drives the loading of
Netfilter kernel modules. May be overridden by
<filename>/etc/shorewall/modules</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>wait4ifup</filename> - A shell program that <ulink
url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">extension scripts</ulink> can
use to delay until a network interface is available.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="shorewall">
<title>/etc/shorewall</title>
<para>This is where the modifiable configuration files are
installed.</para>
</section>
<section id="init">
<title>/etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d (depends on distribution)</title>
<para>An init script is installed here. Depending on the distribution,
it is named <filename>shorewall</filename> or
<filename>rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
</section>
<section id="var">
<title>/var/lib/shorewall</title>
<para>Shorewall doesn't install any files in this directory but rather
uses the directory for storing state information. This directory may be
relocated using <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-vardir.html">shorewall-vardir</ulink>(5).</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>chains</filename> - If DYNAMIC_ZONES=Yes in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5), this
file contains information used by the <command>add</command> and
<command>delete</command> commands (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.iptables-restore-input </filename>- The file passed
as input to the iptables-restore program to initialize the firewall
during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modules</filename> - The contents of the modules
file used during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8) for command
information).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modulesdir</filename> - The MODULESDIR setting
(<ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)) at the
last <command>start</command> or <command>restart.</command></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>nat</filename> - This unfortunately-named file
records the IP addresses added by ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes and
ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>proxyarp</filename> - Records the arp entries added
by entries in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-proxyarp.html">shorewall-proxyarp</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.refresh</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restart</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>restart</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>restore</filename> - The default shell program used
to execute <command>restore</command> commands.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restore</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh, restart</command> or
<command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>save</filename> - File created by the
<command>save</command> command and used to restore the dynamic
blacklist during <command>start/restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.start</filename> - The shell program that performed
the last successful <command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>state</filename> - Records the current firewall
state.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>zones</filename> - Records the current zone
contents.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall-shell">
<title>Shorewall-shell</title>
<para>The Shorewall-shell product installs all of its files in
/usr/share/<filename class="directory">shorewall-shell</filename>.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>compiler</filename> - The configuration compiler shell
program.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the compiler. On embedded systems, only a sub-set of the available
libraries may be installed as a space-saving measure.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>prog.*</filename> - Shell program fragments used as
input to the compiler.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall-shell.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall-perl">
<title>Shorewall-perl</title>
<para>The Shorewall-perl product installs all of its files in
/usr/share/<filename class="directory">shorewall-perl</filename>.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>buildports.pl</filename> - A Perl program that builds
the Shorewall/Ports.pm module during installation (This program is
removed in Shorewall 4.0.5 and later releases)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>compiler.pl</filename> - The configuration compiler
perl program.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>prog.*</filename> - Shell program fragments used as
input to the compiler.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="directory">Shorewall</filename> - Directory
containing the Shorewall Perl modules used by the compiler.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall-shell.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="Shorewall-lite">
<title>Shorewall-lite</title>
<para>The Shorewall-lite product includes files installed in /<filename
class="directory">sbin</filename>, <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/shorewall-lite</filename>, /etc/<filename
class="directory">shorewall-lite</filename>,
<filename>/etc/init.d</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/var/lilb/shorewall/</filename>. These are described in
the sub-sections that follow.</para>
<section id="sbin-lite">
<title>/sbin</title>
<para>The <filename>/sbin/shorewall-lite</filename> shell program is use
to interact with Shorewall lite. See <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8).</para>
</section>
<section id="init-lite">
<title>/etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d (depends on distribution)</title>
<para>An init script is installed here. Depending on the distribution,
it is named <filename>shorewall-lite</filename> or
<filename>rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
</section>
<section id="shorewall-lite">
<title>/etc/shorewall-lite</title>
<para>This is where the modifiable configuration files are
installed.</para>
</section>
<section id="share-lite">
<title>/usr/share/shorewall-lite</title>
<para>The bulk of Shorewall-lite is installed here.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename><filename>configpath</filename></filename> - A file
containing distribution-specific path assignments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename class="symlink">functions</filename> - A symbolic
link to <filename>lib.base</filename> that provides for
compatibility with older versions of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>lib.*</filename> - Shell function libraries used by
the other shell programs. These are copies of the corresponding
libraries in the Shorewall product.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>modules</filename> - File that drives the loading of
Netfilter kernel modules. May be overridden by
<filename>/etc/shorewall-lite/modules</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>shorecap</filename> - A shell program used for
generating capabilities files. See the <ulink
url="CompiledPrograms.html#Lite">Shorewall-lite
documentation</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>version</filename> - A file containing the currently
install version of Shorewall.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>wait4ifup</filename> - A shell program that <ulink
url="shorewall_extension_scripts.htm">extension scripts</ulink> can
use to delay until a network interface is available.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="var-lite">
<title>/var/lib/shorewall-lite</title>
<para>Shorewall-lite doesn't install any files in this directory but
rather uses the directory for storing state information. This directory
may be relocated using <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite-vardir.html">shorewall-lite-vardir</ulink>(5).</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall</filename> - Compiled shell script
installed by running the load or reload command on the
administrative system (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.html">shorewall</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>firewall.conf</filename> - Digest of the
shorewall.conf file used to compile the firewall script on the
administrative system.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.iptables-restore-input </filename>- The file passed
as input to the iptables-restore program to initialize the firewall
during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8)).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modules</filename> - The contents of the modules
file used during the last <command>start</command> or
<command>restart</command> command (see <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-lite.html">shorewall-lite</ulink>(8) for
command information).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.modulesdir</filename> - The MODULESDIR setting
(<ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5)) at the
last <command>start</command> or <command>restart.</command></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>nat</filename> - This unfortunately-named file
records the IP addresses added by ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes and
ADD_IP_ALIASES=Yes in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall.conf.html">shorewall.conf</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>proxyarp</filename> - Records the arp entries added
by entries in <ulink
url="manpages/shorewall-proxyarp.html">shorewall-proxyarp</ulink>(5).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.refresh</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restart</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>restart</command>
command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>restore</filename> - The default shell program used
to execute <command>restore</command> commands.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.restore</filename> - The shell program that
performed the last successful <command>refresh, restart</command> or
<command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>save</filename> - File created by the
<command>save</command> command and used to restore the dynamic
blacklist during <command>start/restart</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>.start</filename> - The shell program that performed
the last successful <command>start</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>state</filename> - Records the current firewall
state.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>zones</filename> - Records the current zone
contents.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
</article>