2003-01-14 21:32:45 +01:00
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2003-03-08 16:48:57 +01:00
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2003-01-14 21:32:45 +01:00
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<title>Shorewall Proxy ARP</title>
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2003-03-08 16:48:57 +01:00
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2003-01-14 21:32:45 +01:00
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2003-03-08 16:48:57 +01:00
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2003-01-14 21:32:45 +01:00
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2003-01-14 21:32:45 +01:00
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
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style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%" id="AutoNumber1"
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bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
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<td width="100%">
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<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Proxy ARP</font></h1>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>Proxy ARP allows you to insert a firewall in front of a set of servers
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without changing their IP addresses and without having to re-subnet.
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Before you try to use this technique, I strongly recommend that you read the
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<a href="shorewall_setup_guide.htm">Shorewall Setup Guide.</a></p>
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<p>The following figure represents a Proxy ARP environment.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p align="center"><strong> <img src="images/proxyarp.png"
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width="519" height="397">
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</strong></p>
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<blockquote> </blockquote>
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</blockquote>
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<p align="left">Proxy ARP can be used to make the systems with addresses
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130.252.100.18 and 130.252.100.19 appear to be on the upper (130.252.100.*)
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subnet.<2E> Assuming that the upper firewall interface is eth0 and the
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lower interface is eth1, this is accomplished using the following entries
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in /etc/shorewall/proxyarp:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<table border="2" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><b>ADDRESS</b></td>
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<td><b>INTERFACE</b></td>
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<td><b>EXTERNAL</b></td>
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<td><b>HAVEROUTE</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>130.252.100.18</td>
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<td>eth1</td>
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<td>eth0</td>
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<td>no</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>130.252.100.19</td>
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<td>eth1</td>
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<td>eth0</td>
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<td>no</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Be sure that the internal systems (130.242.100.18 and 130.252.100.19<EFBFBD>
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in the above example) are not included in any specification in /etc/shorewall/masq
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or /etc/shorewall/nat.</p>
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<p>Note that I've used an RFC1918 IP address for eth1 - that IP address is
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irrelevant. </p>
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<p>The lower systems (130.252.100.18 and 130.252.100.19) should have their
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subnet mask and default gateway configured exactly the same way that
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the Firewall system's eth0 is configured.</p>
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<div align="left">
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<p align="left">A word of warning is in order here. ISPs typically configure
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their routers with a long ARP cache timeout. If you move a system from
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parallel to your firewall to behind your firewall with Proxy ARP, it will
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probably be HOURS before that system can communicate with the internet.
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There are a couple of things that you can try:<br>
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li>(Courtesy of Bradey Honsinger) A reading of Stevens' <i>TCP/IP Illustrated,
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Vol 1</i> reveals that a <br>
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<br>
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"gratuitous" ARP packet should cause the ISP's router to refresh their ARP
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cache (section 4.7). A gratuitous ARP is simply a host requesting the MAC
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address for its own IP; in addition to ensuring that the IP address isn't
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a duplicate...<br>
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<br>
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"if the host sending the gratuitous ARP has just changed its hardware address...,
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this packet causes any other host...that has an entry in its cache for the
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old hardware address to update its ARP cache entry accordingly."<br>
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<br>
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Which is, of course, exactly what you want to do when you switch a host
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from being exposed to the Internet to behind Shorewall using proxy ARP (or
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static NAT for that matter). Happily enough, recent versions of Redhat's
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iputils package include "arping", whose "-U" flag does just that:<br>
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<br>
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<20><><EFBFBD> <font color="#009900"><b>arping -U -I <i><net if> <newly proxied
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IP></i></b></font><br>
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<20><><EFBFBD> <font color="#009900"><b>arping -U -I eth0 66.58.99.83 # for example</b></font><br>
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<br>
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Stevens goes on to mention that not all systems respond correctly to gratuitous
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ARPs, but googling for "arping -U" seems to support the idea that it works
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most of the time.<br>
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<br>
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To use arping with Proxy ARP in the above example, you would have to:<br>
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<br>
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<font color="#009900"><b><EFBFBD> <20> shorewall clear<br>
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</b></font><EFBFBD> <20> <font color="#009900"><b>ip addr add 130.252.100.18 dev
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eth0<br>
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<EFBFBD> <20> ip addr add 130.252.100.19 dev eth0</b></font><br>
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<20><><EFBFBD> <font color="#009900"><b>arping -U -I eth0 130.252.100.18</b></font><br>
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<EFBFBD> <20> <font color="#009900"><b>arping -U -I eth0 130.252.100.19</b></font><br>
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<EFBFBD> <20> <b><font color="#009900">ip addr del 130.252.100.18 dev eth0<br>
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<EFBFBD> <20> ip addr del 130.252.100.19 dev eth0<br>
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<EFBFBD> <20> shorewall start</font></b><br>
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<br>
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</li>
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<li>You can call your ISP and ask them to purge the stale ARP cache
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entry but many either can't or won't purge individual entries.</li>
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</ol>
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You can determine if your ISP's gateway ARP cache is stale using ping
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and tcpdump. Suppose that we suspect that the gateway router has a stale
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ARP cache entry for 130.252.100.19. On the firewall, run tcpdump as follows:</div>
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<div align="left">
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<pre> <font color="#009900"><b>tcpdump -nei eth0 icmp</b></font></pre>
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</div>
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<div align="left">
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<p align="left">Now from 130.252.100.19, ping the ISP's gateway (which we
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will assume is 130.252.100.254):</p>
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</div>
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<div align="left">
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<pre> <b><font color="#009900">ping 130.252.100.254</font></b></pre>
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</div>
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<div align="left">
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<p align="left">We can now observe the tcpdump output:</p>
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</div>
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<div align="left">
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<pre> 13:35:12.159321 <u>0:4:e2:20:20:33</u> 0:0:77:95:dd:19 ip 98: 130.252.100.19 > 130.252.100.254: icmp: echo request (DF)<br> 13:35:12.207615 0:0:77:95:dd:19 <u>0:c0:a8:50:b2:57</u> ip 98: 130.252.100.254 > 130.252.100.177 : icmp: echo reply</pre>
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</div>
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<div align="left">
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<p align="left">Notice that the source MAC address in the echo request is
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different from the destination MAC address in the echo reply!! In this
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case 0:4:e2:20:20:33 was the MAC of the firewall's eth0 NIC while 0:c0:a8:50:b2:57
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was the MAC address of the system on the lower left. In other words, the
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gateway's ARP cache still associates 130.252.100.19 with the NIC in that
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system rather than with the firewall's eth0.</p>
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</div>
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<p><font size="2">Last updated 1/26/2003 - </font><font size="2"> <a
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href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font> </p>
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<a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font> <20> <font
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size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a><br>
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<br>
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</body>
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</html>
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