shorewall_code/manpages6/shorewall6-tcrules.xml

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<refentry>
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>shorewall6-tcrules</refentrytitle>

    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>tcrules</refname>

    <refpurpose>Shorewall6 Packet Marking rules file</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>/etc/shorewall6/rules</command>
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para>Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
    classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.</para>

    <important>
      <para>Unlike rules in the <ulink
      url="shorewall6-rules.html">shorewall6-rules</ulink>(5) file, evaluation
      of rules in this file will continue after a match. So the final mark for
      each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule that
      matches.</para>

      <para>If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
      /etc/shorewall6/providers be sure to read the restrictions at <ulink
      url="http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html">http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink>.</para>
    </important>

    <para>The columns in the file are as follows.</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">MARK/CLASSIFY</emphasis> -
        {<emphasis>value</emphasis>|<emphasis>major</emphasis><emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>minor</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">/</emphasis><emphasis>mask</emphasis>]|<emphasis
        role="bold">SAVE</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">/</emphasis><emphasis>mask</emphasis>]|<emphasis
        role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">COMMENT</emphasis>}[<emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis>{<emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">F</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">T</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">CP</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">CT</emphasis>}]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>May assume one of the following values.</para>

          <orderedlist numeration="arabic">
            <listitem>
              <para>A mark <emphasis>value</emphasis> which is an integer in
              the range 1-255.</para>

              <para>Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a
              vertical bar ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with
              the current mark value to produce a new mark value. If preceded
              by an ampersand ("&amp;"), will be logically ANDed with the
              current mark value to produce a new mark value.</para>

              <para>Both "|" and "&amp;" require Extended MARK Target support
              in your kernel and ip6tables; neither may be used with connection
              marks (see below).</para>

              <para>May optionally be followed by <emphasis
              role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
              or <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> where<emphasis
              role="bold"> :P</emphasis> indicates that marking should occur
              in the PREROUTING chain, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
              indicates that marking should occur in the FORWARD chain and
              <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> indicates that marking
              should occur in the POSTROUTING chain. If neither <emphasis
              role="bold">:P</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
              nor <emphasis role="bold">:T</emphasis> follow the mark value
              then the chain is determined as follows:</para>

              <para>- If the SOURCE is <emphasis
              role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[<emphasis
              role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[,<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...],
              then the rule is inserted into the OUTPUT chain. The behavior
              changed in Shorewall6-perl 4.1. Only high mark values may be
              assigned in this case. Packet marking rules for traffic shaping
              of packets originating on the firewall must be coded in the
              POSTROUTING chain (see below).</para>

              <para>- Otherwise, the chain is determined by the setting of
              MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN in <ulink
              url="shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf</ulink>(5).</para>

              <para>If your kernel and ip6tables include CONNMARK support then
              you can also mark the connection rather than the packet.</para>

              <para>The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a
              mask value (used to determine those bits of the connection mark
              to actually be set). The mark and optional mask are then
              followed by one of:+</para>

              <variablelist>
                <varlistentry>
                  <term><emphasis role="bold">C</emphasis></term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Mark the connection in the chain determined by the
                    setting of MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term><emphasis role="bold">CF</emphasis></term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Mark the connection in the FORWARD chain</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term><emphasis role="bold">CP</emphasis></term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Mark the connection in the PREROUTING chain.</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>

                <varlistentry>
                  <term>CT</term>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Mark the connecdtion in the POSTROUTING chain</para>
                  </listitem>
                </varlistentry>
              </variablelist>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">Special considerations for If
              HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes in <ulink
              url="shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf</ulink>(5</emphasis>).</para>

              <para>If HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, then you may also specify a value
              in the range 0x0100-0xFF00 with the low-order byte being zero.
              Such values may only be used in the PREROUTING chain (value
              followed by <emphasis role="bold">:P</emphasis> or you have set
              MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
              url="shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf</ulink>(5) and have
              not followed the value with <option>:F</option>) or the OUTPUT
              chain (SOURCE is <emphasis role="bold">$FW</emphasis>). With
              HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, non-zero mark values less that 256 are not
              permitted. Shorewall6 4.1 and later versions prohibit non-zero
              mark values less that 256 in the OUTPUT chain when
              HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes. While earlier versions allow such values
              in the OUTPUT chain, it is strongly recommended that with
              HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, you use the POSTROUTING chain to apply
              traffic shaping marks/classification.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>A classification Id (classid) of the form
              <emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> where
              <emphasis>major</emphasis> and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are
              integers. Corresponds to the 'class' specification in these
              traffic shaping modules:</para>

              <programlisting>       atm
       cbq
       dsmark
       pfifo_fast
       htb
       prio</programlisting>

              <para>Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except when
              the <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> is <emphasis
              role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[:<emphasis>address</emphasis>] in
              which case classification occurs in the OUTPUT chain.</para>

              <para>When using Shorewall6's built-in traffic shaping tool, the
              <emphasis>major</emphasis> class is the device number (the first
              device in <ulink
              url="shorewall6-tcdevices.html">shorewall6-tcdevices</ulink>(5)
              is major class 1, the second device is major class 2, and so on)
              and the <emphasis>minor</emphasis> class is the class's MARK
              value in <ulink
              url="shorewall6-tcclasses.html">shorewall6-tcclasses</ulink>(5)
              preceded by the number 1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class 11,
              MARK 5 corresponds to minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds to
              minor class 122, etc.).</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><emphasis
              role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] --
              restore the packet's mark from the connection's mark using the
              supplied mask if any. Your kernel and ip6tables must include
              CONNMARK support.</para>

              <para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
              role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><emphasis
              role="bold">SAVE</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>] -- save
              the packet's mark to the connection's mark using the supplied
              mask if any. Your kernel and ip6tables must include CONNMARK
              support.</para>

              <para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
              role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">:F</emphasis></para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><emphasis role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis> Don't process
              any more marking rules in the table.</para>

              <para>As in 1) above, may be followed by <emphasis
              role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis
              role="bold">:F</emphasis>. Currently, CONTINUE may not be used
              with <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see the SOURCE and DEST
              columns below); that restriction will be removed when
              ip6tables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para><emphasis role="bold">COMMENT</emphasis> -- the rest of
              the line will be attached as a comment to the Netfilter rule(s)
              generated by the following entries. The comment will appear
              delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of <command>shorewall6
              show mangle</command></para>

              <para>To stop the comment from being attached to further rules,
              simply include COMMENT on a line by itself.</para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}|[{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}:]&lt;<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]&gt;</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Source of the packet. A comma-separated list of interface
          names, IP addresses, MAC addresses and/or subnets for packets being
          routed through a common path. List elements may also consist of an
          interface name followed by ":" and an address (e.g.,
          eth1:192.168.1.0/24). For example, all packets for connections
          masqueraded to eth0 from other interfaces can be matched in a single
          rule with several alternative SOURCE criteria. However, a connection
          whose packets gets to eth0 in a different way, e.g., direct from the
          firewall itself, needs a different rule.</para>

          <para>Accordingly, use $<emphasis role="bold">FW</emphasis> in its
          own separate rule for packets originating on the firewall. In such a
          rule, the MARK column may NOT specify either <emphasis
          role="bold">:P</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis>
          because marking for firewall-originated packets always occurs in the
          OUTPUT chain.</para>

          <para>MAC addresses must be prefixed with "~" and use "-" as a
          separator.</para>

          <para>Example: ~00-A0-C9-15-39-78</para>

          <para>When an interface is not specified, the angled brackets
          ('&lt;' and '&gt;') surrounding the address(es) may be
          omitted.</para>

          <para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
          through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
          url="shorewall6-exclusion.html">shorewall6-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">DEST</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|[<emphasis>interface</emphasis>:]&lt;<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]&gt;</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Destination of the packet. Comma separated list of IP
          addresses and/or subnets. If your kernel and ip6tables include
          iprange match support, IP address ranges are also allowed. List
          elements may also consist of an interface name followed by ":" and
          an address (e.g., eth1:192.168.1.0/24). If the <emphasis
          role="bold">MARK</emphasis> column specificies a classification of
          the form <emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> then
          this column may also contain an interface name.</para>

          <para>When an interface is not specified, the angled brackets
          ('&lt;' and '&gt;') surrounding the address(es) may be
          omitted.</para>

          <para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
          through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
          url="shorewall6-exclusion.html">shorewall6-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> - {<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">tcp:syn</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">all}</emphasis></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Protocol - <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> requires
          ipp2p match support in your kernel and ip6tables.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">PORT(S)</emphasis> (Optional) - [<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port names (from
          services(5)), <emphasis>port number</emphasis>s or <emphasis>port
          range</emphasis>s; if the protocol is <emphasis
          role="bold">icmp</emphasis>, this column is interpreted as the
          destination icmp-type(s).</para>

          <para>If the protocol is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>,
          this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
          "--" (example <emphasis role="bold">bit</emphasis> for bit-torrent).
          If no PORT is given, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
          assumed.</para>

          <para>This column is ignored if PROTOCOL = all but must be entered
          if any of the following field is supplied. In that case, it is
          suggested that this field contain "-"</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (Optional) -
        [<emphasis
        role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
        role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Source port(s). If omitted, any source port is acceptable.
          Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port numbers or
          port ranges.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">USER</emphasis> (Optional) - [<emphasis
        role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>This column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is the
          firewall itself.</para>

          <para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
          program generating the output is running under the effective
          <emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
          specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>

          <para>Examples:</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>joe</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>program must be run by joe</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>:kids</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
                group</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term>!:kids</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
                group</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">TEST</emphasis> - [<emphasis
        role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
        role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The
          rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>

          <para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
          anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>!</term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry>
              <term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>

              <listitem>
                <para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
                mark's value is tested.</para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">LENGTH</emphasis> (Optional) -
        [<emphasis>length</emphasis>|[<emphasis>min</emphasis>]<emphasis
        role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>max</emphasis>]]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Packet Length. This field, if present allow you to match the
          length of a packet against a specific value or range of values. You
          must have ip6tables length support for this to work. A range is
          specified in the form
          <emphasis>min</emphasis>:<emphasis>max</emphasis> where either
          <emphasis>min</emphasis> or <emphasis>max</emphasis> (but not both)
          may be omitted. If <emphasis>min</emphasis> is omitted, then 0 is
          assumed; if <emphasis>max</emphasis> is omitted, than any packet
          that is <emphasis>min</emphasis> or longer will match.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">TOS</emphasis> -
        <emphasis>tos</emphasis></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
          match.</para>

          <programlisting>         <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Delay</emphasis> (16)
         <emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Throughput</emphasis> (8)
         <emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Reliability</emphasis> (4)
         <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Cost</emphasis> (2)
         <emphasis role="bold">Normal-Service</emphasis> (0)</programlisting>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">CONNBYTES</emphasis> -
        [!]<emphasis>min</emphasis>:[<emphasis>max</emphasis>[:{<emphasis
        role="bold">O</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">R</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">B</emphasis>}[:{<emphasis
        role="bold">B</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
        role="bold">A</emphasis>}]]]</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Connection Bytes; defines a byte or packet range that the
          connection must fall within in order for the rule to match.</para>

          <para>A packet matches if the the packet/byte count is within the
          range defined by <emphasis>min</emphasis> and
          <emphasis>max</emphasis> (unless ! is given in which case, a packet
          matches if the packet/byte count is not within the range).
          <emphasis>min</emphasis> is an integer which defines the beginning
          of the byte/packet range. <emphasis>max</emphasis> is an integer
          which defines the end of the byte/packet range; if omitted, only the
          beginning of the range is checked. The first letter gives the
          direction which the range refers to:<blockquote>
              <para><emphasis role="bold">O</emphasis> - The original
              direction of the connection.</para>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">R</emphasis> - The opposite
              direction from the original connection.</para>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - The total of both
              directions.</para>
            </blockquote></para>

          <para>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
          assumed.</para>

          <para>The second letter determines what the range refers
          to.<blockquote>
              <para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - Bytes</para>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis> - Packets</para>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">A</emphasis> - Average packet
              size.</para>
            </blockquote>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
          assumed.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><emphasis role="bold">HELPER -
        </emphasis><emphasis>helper</emphasis></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Names a Netfiler protocol <firstterm>helper</firstterm> module
          such as <option>ftp</option>, <option>sip</option>,
          <option>amanda</option>, etc. A packet will match if it was accepted
          by the named helper module. You can also append "-" and a port
          number to the helper module name (e.g., <emphasis
          role="bold">ftp-21</emphasis>) to specify the port number that the
          original connection was made on.</para>

          <para>Example: Mark all FTP data connections with mark
          4:<programlisting>#MARK/    SOURCE    DEST      PROTO   PORT(S)    SOURCE  USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER
#CLASSIFY                                        PORT(S)
4         ::/       ::/       TCP     -          -       -    -    -      -   -         ftp</programlisting></para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Example</title>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>Example 1:</term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Mark all forwarded ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark
          all forwarded peer to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>

          <para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
          the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
          are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
          packets are determined to match.</para>

          <para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>

          <programlisting>       #MARK/    SOURCE    DEST         PROTO   PORT(S)       SOURCE  USER    TEST
       #CLASSIFY                                              PORT(S)
       1         ::/       ::/          icmp    echo-request
       1         ::/       ::/          icmp    echo-reply
       RESTORE   ::/       ::/          all     -             -       -       0
       CONTINUE  ::/       ::/          all     -             -       -      !0
       4         ::/       ::/          ipp2p:all
       SAVE      ::/       ::/          all     -             -       -       !0</programlisting>

          <para>If a packet hasn't been classifed (packet mark is 0), copy the
          connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set, we're
          done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the packet
          mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>FILES</title>

    <para>/etc/shorewall6/tcrules</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See ALSO</title>

    <para><ulink
    url="http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm">http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>

    <para><ulink
    url="http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html">http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink></para>

    <para><ulink
    url="http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html">http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html</ulink></para>

    <para>shorewall6(8), shorewall6-accounting(5), shorewall6-actions(5),
    shorewall6-blacklist(5), shorewall6-ecn(5), shorewall6-exclusion(5),
    shorewall6-hosts(5), shorewall6-interfaces(5), shorewall6-maclist(5),
    shorewall6-params(5), shorewall6-policy(5), shorewall6-providers(5),
    shorewall6-route_rules(5), shorewall6-routestopped(5),
    shorewall6-rules(5), shorewall6.conf(5), shorewall6-tcclasses(5),
    shorewall6-tcdevices(5), shorewall6-tos(5), shorewall6-tunnels(5),
    shorewall6-zones(5)</para>
  </refsect1>
</refentry>