diff --git a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Accounting.pm b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Accounting.pm
index 73171b41e..281bda9cd 100644
--- a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Accounting.pm
+++ b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Accounting.pm
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ sub process_accounting_rule( $$$$$$$$$ ) {
 
     my ($action, $chain, $source, $dest, $proto, $ports, $sports, $user, $mark ) = @_;
 
+    our $disposition = '';
+
     sub check_for_builtin( $ ) {
 	my $chainref = shift;
 	fatal_error "A builtin Chain ($jumpchainref->{name}) may not appear in the accounting file" if $chainref->{builtin};
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ sub process_accounting_rule( $$$$$$$$$ ) {
 	my $jumpchain = $_[0];
 	$jumpchainref = ensure_chain( 'filter', $jumpchain );
 	check_for_builtin( $jumpchainref );
-	mark_referenced $jumpchainref;
+	$disposition = $jumpchain;
 	"-j $jumpchain";
     }
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ sub process_accounting_rule( $$$$$$$$$ ) {
 	'' ,
 	$target ,
 	'' ,
-	'' ,
+	$disposition ,
 	'' ;
 
     if ( $rule2 ) {
diff --git a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Actions.pm b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Actions.pm
index 9c487ea6e..5c44e10e1 100644
--- a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Actions.pm
+++ b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Actions.pm
@@ -294,8 +294,6 @@ sub createlogactionchain( $$ ) {
 
     fatal_error "Too many invocations of Action $action" if $actionref->{actchain} > 99;
     
-    mark_referenced $chainref; # Just in case the action body is empty.
-
     unless ( $targets{$action} & STANDARD ) {
 
 	my $file = find_file $chain;
@@ -322,8 +320,6 @@ sub createsimpleactionchain( $ ) {
 
     $logactionchains{"$action:none"} = $chainref;
 
-    mark_referenced $chainref; # Just in case the action body is empty.
-
     unless ( $targets{$action} & STANDARD ) {
 
 	my $file = find_file $action;
diff --git a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Chains.pm b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Chains.pm
index 08c7e9fe0..0f5ea0d07 100644
--- a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Chains.pm
+++ b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Chains.pm
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
 				       snat_chain
 				       ecn_chain
 				       first_chains
-				       mark_referenced
 				       ensure_chain
 				       ensure_mangle_chain
 				       new_standard_chain
 				       new_builtin_chain
+				       new_nat_chain
 				       ensure_filter_chain
 				       initialize_chain_table
 				       finish_section
@@ -393,10 +393,6 @@ sub add_commands {
     $chainref->{referenced} = 1;
 }
 
-sub mark_referenced( $ ) {
-    $_[0]->{referenced} = 1;
-}
-
 sub push_rule( $$ ) {
     my ($chainref, $rule) = @_;
 
@@ -703,6 +699,12 @@ sub new_standard_chain($) {
     $chainref;
 }
 
+sub new_nat_chain($) {
+    my $chainref = new_chain 'nat' ,$_[0];
+    $chainref->{referenced} = 1;
+    $chainref;
+}
+
 sub new_manual_chain($) {
     my $chain = $_[0];
     fatal_error "Duplicate Chain Name ($chain)" if $targets{$chain} || $filter_table->{$chain};
@@ -1658,7 +1660,6 @@ sub expand_rule( $$$$$$$$$$ )
     my ($iiface, $diface, $inets, $dnets, $iexcl, $dexcl, $onets , $oexcl );
     my $chain = $chainref->{name};
     my $initialcmdlevel = $chainref->{cmdlevel};
-
     #
     # Handle Log Level
     #
@@ -1679,6 +1680,14 @@ sub expand_rule( $$$$$$$$$$ )
     } elsif ( $disposition eq 'LOG' ) {
 	fatal_error "LOG requires a level";
     }
+    #
+    # Mark Target as referenced, if it's a chain
+    #
+    if ( $disposition ) {
+	my $targetref = $chain_table{$chainref->{table}}{$disposition};
+	$targetref->{referenced} = 1 if $targetref;
+    }
+
     #
     # Isolate Source Interface, if any
     #
diff --git a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Rules.pm b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Rules.pm
index eca215faf..7fd6306c7 100644
--- a/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Rules.pm
+++ b/Shorewall-perl/Shorewall/Rules.pm
@@ -628,9 +628,9 @@ sub add_common_rules() {
 		new_standard_chain $chain;
 	    }
 
-	    mark_referenced( new_chain 'nat' , $chain = dynamic_in($interface) );
+	    new_nat_chain( $chain = dynamic_in($interface) );
 
-	    add_rule $filter_table->{input_chain $interface},  "-j $chain";
+	    add_rule $filter_table->{input_chain $interface},   '-j ' . dynamic_in  $interface; 
 	    add_rule $filter_table->{forward_chain $interface}, '-j ' . dynamic_fwd $interface;
 	    add_rule $filter_table->{output_chain $interface},  '-j ' . dynamic_out $interface;
 	}
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ sub add_common_rules() {
     if ( @$list ) {
 	progress_message2 '$doing UPnP';
 
-	mark_referenced( new_chain( 'nat', 'UPnP' ) );
+	new_nat_chain( 'UPnP' );
 
 	for $interface ( @$list ) {
 	    add_rule $nat_table->{PREROUTING} , match_source_dev ( $interface ) . '-j UPnP';