diff --git a/Shorewall-docs2/Multiple_Zones.xml b/Shorewall-docs2/Multiple_Zones.xml index 7c7ade943..c89968846 100644 --- a/Shorewall-docs2/Multiple_Zones.xml +++ b/Shorewall-docs2/Multiple_Zones.xml @@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ - 2004-03-15 + 2005-05-15 - 2003 + 2003-2005 Thomas M. Eastep @@ -29,17 +29,18 @@ 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled - GNU Free Documentation License. + GNU Free Documentation + License.
Introduction - While most configurations can be handled with each of the - firewall's network interfaces assigned to a single zone, there are - cases where you will want to divide the hosts accessed through an - interface between two or more zones. + While most configurations can be handled with each of the firewall's + network interfaces assigned to a single zone, there are cases where you + will want to divide the hosts accessed through an interface between two or + more zones. @@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ There are routers accessible through the interface and you want - to treat the networks accessed through that router as a separate zone. + to treat the networks accessed through that router as a separate + zone. @@ -83,8 +85,8 @@ These examples use the local zone but the same - technique works for any zone. Remember that Shorewall - doesn't have any conceptual knowledge of Internet, + technique works for any zone. Remember that Shorewall doesn't + have any conceptual knowledge of Internet, Local, or DMZ so all zones except the firewall itself ($FW) are the same as far as Shorewall is concerned. Also, the examples use private (RFC 1918) addresses but public IP addresses can @@ -119,7 +121,8 @@ The hosts in 192.168.1.0/24 know that the route to - 192.168.2.0/24 is through the router. + 192.168.2.0/24 is through the router. @@ -132,11 +135,11 @@ Will One Zone be Enough? If the firewalling requirements for the two local networks is the - same but the hosts in 192.168.1.0/24 don't know how to route to + same but the hosts in 192.168.1.0/24 don't know how to route to 192.168.2.0/24 then you need to configure the firewall slightly differently. This type of configuration is rather stupid from an IP networking point of view but it is sometimes necessary because you - simply don't want to have to reconfigure all of the hosts in + simply don't want to have to reconfigure all of the hosts in 192.168.1.0/24 to add a persistent route to 192.168.2.0/24. On the firewall: @@ -156,13 +159,32 @@ Restart Shorewall. + + If this still doesn't work at all or if it works for connections + in one direction but not for connections in the other direction + then: + + + + You must be running Shorewall version 2.0.16 or later; + and + + + + You need to set DROPINVALID=No in + /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. + +
I Need Separate Zones - If you need to make 192.168.2.0/24 into it's own zone, you can - do it one of two ways; Nested Zones or Parallel Zones. + If you need to make 192.168.2.0/24 into it's own zone, you can do + it one of two ways; Nested Zones or Parallel Zones. Again, it is likely + that you will need to be running Shorewall 2.0.16 or later and that you + will have to set DROPINVALID=No in + /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.
Nested Zones @@ -173,13 +195,13 @@ - The advantage of this approach is that the zone loc1 - can use CONTINUE policies such that if a connection request - doesn't match a loc1 rule, it will be matched - against the loc rules. For example, if your - loc1->net policy is CONTINUE then if a connection request from - loc1 to the internet doesn't match any rules for loc1->net - then it will be checked against the loc->net rules. + The advantage of this approach is that the zone + loc1 can use CONTINUE policies such that if a + connection request doesn't match a loc1 rule, it will + be matched against the loc rules. For example, if your + loc1->net policy is CONTINUE then if a connection request from loc1 + to the internet doesn't match any rules for loc1->net then it will + be checked against the loc->net rules. /etc/shorewall/zones @@ -201,9 +223,9 @@ loc eth1 192.168.1.255 #ZONE HOSTS loc1 eth1:192.168.2.0/24 - If you don't need Shorewall to set up infrastructure to - route traffic between loc and loc1, add - these two policies. + If you don't need Shorewall to set up infrastructure to route + traffic between loc and loc1, add these + two policies. /etc/shorewall/policy @@ -227,7 +249,7 @@ loc1 Local1 Hosts accessed Directly from Firewall loc2 Local2 Hosts accessed via the internal Router - Here it doesn't matter which zone is defined first. + Here it doesn't matter which zone is defined first. /etc/shorewall/interfaces @@ -241,7 +263,7 @@ loc2 Local2 Hosts accessed via the internal Router - You don't need Shorewall to set up infrastructure to route + You don't need Shorewall to set up infrastructure to route traffic between loc and loc1, so add these two policies: @@ -256,7 +278,7 @@ loc2 loc1 NONE Some Hosts have Special Firewalling Requirements There are cases where a subset of the addresses associated with an - interface need special handling. Here's an example. + interface need special handling. Here's an example. @@ -281,9 +303,9 @@ loc eth1 192.168.1.255 /etc/shorewall/hosts#ZONE HOSTS loc1 eth1:192.168.1.8/29 - You probably don't want Shorewall to set up infrastructure to - route traffic between loc and loc1 so you - should add these two policies. + You probably don't want Shorewall to set up infrastructure to route + traffic between loc and loc1 so you should + add these two policies. /etc/shorewall/policy @@ -295,16 +317,16 @@ loc1 loc NONE
One-armed Router - Nested zones may also be used to configure a one-armed - router (I don't call it a firewall because it is very - insecure. For example, if you connect to the internet via cable modem, - your next door neighbor has full access to your local systems as does - everyone else connected to the same cable modem head-end controller). Here - eth0 is configured with both a public IP address and an RFC 1918 address - (More on that topic may be found Nested zones may also be used to configure a + one-armed router (I don't call it a firewall + because it is very insecure. For example, if you connect to the internet + via cable modem, your next door neighbor has full access to your local + systems as does everyone else connected to the same cable modem head-end + controller). Here eth0 is configured with both a public IP address and an + RFC 1918 address (More on that topic may be found here). Hosts in the loc zone are configured with their default gateway set to - the Shorewall router's RFC1918 address. + the Shorewall router's RFC1918 address. @@ -333,10 +355,11 @@ loc eth0:192.168.1.0/24 maclist #INTERFACE SUBNET ADDRESS eth0:!192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 - Note that the maclist option is specified in /etc/shorewall/interfaces. - This is to help protect your router from unauthorized access by your - friends and neighbors. Start without maclist then add it and configure - your /etc/shorewall/maclist + Note that the maclist option is specified in + /etc/shorewall/interfaces. This is to help protect + your router from unauthorized access by your friends and neighbors. Start + without maclist then add it and configure your /etc/shorewall/maclist file when everything else is working.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.xml b/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.xml index 17d9d8531..d287993f5 100644 --- a/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.xml +++ b/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_Squid_Usage.xml @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ - 2005-03-01 + 2005-05-16 2003-2005 @@ -174,7 +174,9 @@ REDIRECT loc 3128 tcp www - !206.124.146. already enabled from the local zone to the internet. If you are running a Shorewall version earlier than 2.3.3 OR your - kernel and/or iptables do not have ROUTE target support then: + kernel and/or iptables do not have ROUTE target + support then: @@ -218,17 +220,19 @@ fi If you are running Shorewall 2.3.3 or later and your kernel and - iptables have ROUTE target support then add this entry to + iptables have ROUTE + target support then add this entry to /etc/shorewall/routes:
- #SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE INTERFACE GATEWAY + #SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE TEST INTERFACE GATEWAY # PORT(S) -eth1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80 - eth1 192.168.1.3 +eth1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80 - - eth1 192.168.1.3
Regardless of your Shorewall version or your kernel and iptables - ROUTE target support, you need the following: + ROUTE target + support, you need the following: @@ -282,7 +286,9 @@ chkconfig --level 35 iptables on Your DMZ interface is eth1 and your local interface is eth2. If you are running a Shorewall version earlier than 2.3.3 OR your - kernel and/or iptables do not have ROUTE target support then: + kernel and/or iptables do not have ROUTE target + support then: @@ -351,17 +357,19 @@ fi If you are running Shorewall 2.3.3 or later and your kernel and - iptables have ROUTE target support then add this entry to + iptables have ROUTE + target support then add this entry to /etc/shorewall/routes:
- #SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE INTERFACE GATEWAY + #SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE TEST INTERFACE GATEWAY # PORT(S) -eth2 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80 - eth1 192.0.2.177 +eth2 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80 - - eth1 192.0.2.177
Regardless of your Shorewall version or your kernel and iptables - ROUTE target support, you need the following: + ROUTE target + support, you need the following: diff --git a/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_and_Routing.xml b/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_and_Routing.xml index f04032da2..30bca8b41 100644 --- a/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_and_Routing.xml +++ b/Shorewall-docs2/Shorewall_and_Routing.xml @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ - 2005-05-15 + 2005-05-18 2005 @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ configure your alternate routing table at boot time and that other than as described in the previous section, there is no connection between Shorewall and routing when using Shorewall versions - prior to 2.3.3. + prior to 2.3.3.
@@ -206,7 +206,194 @@
- Routing with Shorewall 2.3.3 and Later + Multiple Internet Connection Support in Shorewall 2.3.3 and + Later + + Beginning with Shorewall 2.3.3, support is included for multiple + internet connections. + +
+ Overview + + Let's assume that a firewall is connected via two separate + ethernet interfaces to two different ISP as in the following + diagram. + + + + eth0 connects to ISP1. The IP address of eth0 is + 206.124.146.176 and the ISP's gateway router has IP address + 206.124.146.254. + + + + eth1 connects to ISP 2. The IP address of eth1 is + 130.252.99.27 and the ISP's gateway router has IP address + 130.252.99.254. + + + + Each of these providers is described in an + entry in the file /etc/shorewall/providers. + + Entries in /etc/shorewall/providers can + specify that outgoing connections are to be load-balanced between the + two ISPs. Entries in /etc/shorewall/tcrules can be + used to direct particular outgoing connections to one ISP or the + other. + + Connections from the internet are automatically routed back out of + the correct interface and through the correct ISP gateway. This works + whether the connection is handled by the firewall itself or if it is + routed or port-forwarded to a system behind the firewall. + + Shorewall will set up the routing and will update the + /etc/iproute2/rt_tables to include the table names and number of the + tables that it adds. + + + This feature uses packet + marking to control the routing. As a consequence, there are + some restrictions concerning entries in /etc/shorewall/tcrules: + + + + Packet marking for traffic control purposes must be done in + the FORWARD table. + + + + You may not use the SAVE or RESTORE options. + + + + You man not use connection marking. + + + + + The /etc/shorewall/providers file can also be + used in other routing senarios. See the Squid documentation for an + example. +
+ +
+ /etc/shorewall/providers File + + Entries in this file have the following columns. As in all + Shorewall configuration files, enter "-" in a column if you don't want + to enter any value. + + + + /etc/shorewall/providers: + + + NAME + + + The provider name. Must begin with a letter and consist of + letters and digits. The provider name becomes the name of the + generated routing table for this provider. + + + + + NUMBER + + + A number between 1 and 252. This becomes the routing table + number for the generated table for this provider. + + + + + MARK + + + A mark value used in your /etc/shorewall/tcrules file to + direct packets to this provider. Shorewall will also mark + connections that have seen input from this provider with this + value and will restore the packet mark in the PREROUTING + CHAIN. + + + + + DUPLICATE + + + Gives the name and number of a routing table to duplicate. + May be 'main' or the name of a previously declared provider. For + most applications, you want to specify 'main' here. + + + + + INTERFACE + + + The name of the interface to the provider. + + + + + GATEWAY + + + The IP address of the provider's Gateway router. + + + + + OPTIONS + + + A comma-separated list from the following: + + + + track + + + If specified, connections FROM this interface are to + be tracked so that responses may be routed back out this + same interface. + + You want specify 'track' if internet hosts will be + connecting to local servers through this provider. + + + + + balance + + + The providers that have 'default' specified will get + outbound traffic load-balanced among them. + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ Example + + The configuration in the figure at the top of this section would + be specified as follows: + + #NAME NUMBER MARK DUPLICATE INTERFACE GATEWAY OPTIONS +ISP1 1 1 main eth0 206.124.146.254 track,balance +ISP2 2 2 main eth1 130.252.99.254 track,balance +
+
+ +
+ Experimental Routing with Shorewall 2.3.3 and Later Beginning with Shorewall 2.2.3, Shorewall is integrated with the ROUTE target extension available from Netfilter Patch-O-Matic-NG ( As of this writing, I know of no distribution that is shipping a kernel or iptables with the ROUTE target patch included. This means that - you must patch and build your own kernel and iptables. + you must patch and build your own kernel and iptables in order to be + able to use the feature described in this section. This code remains experimental since there is no + intent by the Netfilter team to ever submit the ROUTE target patch for + inclusion in the official kernels from kernel.org. See Shorewall FAQ 42 for @@ -224,7 +415,13 @@ determination. Routing with Shorewall is specified through entries in - /etc/shorewall/routes. Columns in this file are as follows: + /etc/shorewall/routes. Note that entries in the /etc/shorewall/routes file + override the routing specified in your routing tables. These rules + generate Netfilter rules in the mangle tables FORWARD chain or OUTPUT + chain depending whether the packets are being routed through the firewall + or originate on the firewall itself (see figure above). + + Columns in this file are as follows: @@ -330,7 +527,58 @@ Optional) Source port(s). If omitted, any source port is acceptable. Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port - numbers or port ranges. + numbers or port ranges. + + + + + TEST + + + Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The + rule will match only if the test returns true. Tests have the + format + +
+ [!]<value>[/<mask>][:C] +
+ + where: + + + + ! + + + Inverts the test (not equal) + + + + + <value> + + + Value of the packet or connection mark. + + + + + <mask> + + + A mask to be applied to the mark before testing + + + + + :C + + + Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet + mark's value is tested + + +
@@ -355,8 +603,8 @@
The idea here is that traffic that matches the SOURCE, DEST, PROTO, - PORT(S) and SOURCE PORT(S) columns is routed out of the INTERFACE through - the optional GATEWAY. + PORT(S), SOURCE PORT(S) and TEST columns is routed out of the INTERFACE + through the optional GATEWAY.
Example: @@ -366,17 +614,12 @@ your DMZ. You would use the following entry in /etc/shorewall/routes: - #SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE INTERFACE GATEWAY + #SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE TEST INTERFACE GATEWAY # PORT(S) -eth1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80 - eth1 192.168.3.22 +eth1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80 - - eth1 192.168.3.22 This entry specifies that "traffic coming in through eth1 to TCP port 80 is to be routed out of eth1 to gateway 192.168.3.22".
- - Note that entries in the /etc/shorewall/routes file override the - routing specified in your routing tables. These rules generate Netfilter - rules in the mangle tables FORWARD chain or OUTPUT chain (see figure - above).
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Shorewall-docs2/UPnP.xml b/Shorewall-docs2/UPnP.xml index afd1c513c..614233b8c 100644 --- a/Shorewall-docs2/UPnP.xml +++ b/Shorewall-docs2/UPnP.xml @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ - 2005-05-07 + 2005-05-16 2005 @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ In Shorewall 2.2.4, support was added for UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) using linux-igd (http://linux-idg.sourceforge.net). + url="http://linux-igd.sourceforge.net">http://linux-igd.sourceforge.net). UPnP is required by a number of popular applications including MSN IM. @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
- linux-idg Configuration + linux-igd Configuration In /etc/upnpd.conf, you will want: @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ allowinUPnP loc fw forwardUPnP net loc You must also ensure that you have a route to 224.0.0.0/4 on your - internal (local) interface as described in the linux-idg + internal (local) interface as described in the linux-igd documentation.
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+4.31.61.40.60.70.3000000000400010.1666666666666667000000000000-110330000001.401.40.600.600eth0 +206.124.146.176 +6.71.6142857142857141.20.60.60.3000000000400010.1666666666666667000000000000-110330000001.201.20.600.600eth1 +130.252.99.27 +1101192953400.5100101102103104 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Shorewall-docs2/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.xml b/Shorewall-docs2/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.xml index 1be38f2c9..fbaa5b0e4 100644 --- a/Shorewall-docs2/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.xml +++ b/Shorewall-docs2/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.xml @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ - 2005-04-13 + 2005-05-15 2004 @@ -48,7 +48,45 @@ to interact with Shorewall. Normally the root user's PATH includes /sbin and the program can be run from a shell prompt by simply typing shorewall followed by a - command. To see a list of supported commands, use the + command. + + + In some releases of KDE, the default configuration of the + konsole program is brain dead with + respect to the "Root Console". It executes the command "su" where it + should execute "su -"; the latter will cause a login shell to be + created which will in turn set PATH properly. You can correct this + problem as follows: + + + + Click on "Settings" on the toolbar and select "Configure + Konsole" + + + + Select the "Session" tab. + + + + Click on "Root Console" + + + + Change the Execute command from "su" to "su -" + + + + Click on "Save Session" + + + + Click on "Ok" + + + + + To see a list of supported commands, use the help command: shorewall help @@ -61,10 +99,11 @@ /etc/shorewall — The default directory - where Shorewall looks for configuration files. See the section - entitled Alternate Configuration - Directories for information about how you can direct Shorewall - to look in other directories. + where Shorewall looks for configuration files. See the sections + entitled Additional Configuration + Directories and Alternate + Configuration Directories for information about how you can + direct Shorewall to look in other directories. @@ -237,7 +276,7 @@ is much faster than starting Shorewall using the normal mechanism of reading the configuration files and running iptables dozens or even hundreds of times. - /etc/init.d/shorewall + By default, /etc/init.d/shorewall (/etc/rc.d/firewall.rc) uses the -f option when it is processing a request to start Shorewall. @@ -271,16 +310,52 @@ shell prompt to remove these files). -
- Alternate Configuration Directories +
+ Additional Configuration Directories - As explained above, Shorewall normally looks for configuration files - in the directory /etc/shorewall. - The shorewall start, shorewall - restart, shorewall check, and - shorewall try commands allow you to specify a different - directory for Shorewall to check before looking in /etc/shorewall. + The CONFIG_PATH setting in + /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf determines where + Shorewall looks for configuration files. The default setting is + CONFIG_PATH=/etc/shorewall:/usr/share/shorewall which means that + /etc/shorewall is searched first + and if the file is not found then /usr/share/shorewall is searched. You can + change the value of CONFIG_PATH to cause additional directories to be + searched but CONFIG_PATH should always include both + /etc/shorewall and /usr/share/shorewall. + + When an alternate configuration directory is specified as described + in the next section, that directory + is searched before those directories listed in + CONFIG_PATH. + + Example - Search /etc/shorewall, /etc/shorewall/actiondir and /usr/share/shorewall in that order: + + CONFIG_PATH=/etc/shorewall:/etc/shorewall/actiondir:/usr/share/shorewall + + The above is the setting that I use and it allows me to place all of + my user-defined 'action.' files in /etc/shorewall/actiondir. +
+ +
+ Alternate Configuration Directories + + As explained above, Shorewall + normally looks for configuration files in the directories specified by the + CONFIG_PATH option in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf. The + shorewall start, shorewall restart, + shorewall check, and shorewall try + commands allow you to specify an additional directory for + Shorewall to check before looking in the directories listed in + CONFIG_PATH. Shorewall versions before Shorewall 2.2.0: