forked from extern/shorewall_code
Fix formatting problems in FAQ
git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@848 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
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teastep
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate>2003-12-09</pubdate>
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<pubdate>2003-12-13</pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2001 - 2003</year>
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@ -24,6 +24,16 @@
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</copyright>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
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<date>2003-12-13</date>
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<authorinitials>TE</authorinitials>
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<revremark>Corrected formatting problems</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
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@ -802,8 +812,7 @@
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<listitem>
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<para>Add the following to /etc/shorewall/common</para>
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<programlisting>run_iptables -A icmpdef -p ICMP --icmp-type
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echo-request -j ACCEPT</programlisting>
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<programlisting>run_iptables -A icmpdef -p ICMP --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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@ -868,7 +877,8 @@
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through <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">settings</ulink> in
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/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf -- If you want to log all messages, set:</para>
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<programlisting>LOGLIMIT="" LOGBURST=""</programlisting>
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<programlisting format="linespecific" xml:space="preserve">LOGLIMIT=""
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LOGBURST=""</programlisting>
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<para>Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, you can <ulink
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url="shorewall_logging.html">set up Shorewall to log all of its messages
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@ -881,12 +891,12 @@
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that may be helpful:</para>
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<literallayout><ulink
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url="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/parsefw/">http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/parsefw/</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://www.fireparse.com">http://www.fireparse.com</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/projects/fwlogwatch">http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/projects/fwlogwatch</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://www.logwatch.org">http://www.logwatch.org</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://gege.org/iptables">http://gege.org/iptables</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://home.regit.org/ulogd-php.html">http://home.regit.org/ulogd-php.html</ulink></literallayout>
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url="http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/parsefw/">http://www.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/parsefw/</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://www.fireparse.com">http://www.fireparse.com</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/projects/fwlogwatch">http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/projects/fwlogwatch</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://www.logwatch.org">http://www.logwatch.org</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://gege.org/iptables">http://gege.org/iptables</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://home.regit.org/ulogd-php.html">http://home.regit.org/ulogd-php.html</ulink></literallayout>
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<para>I personnaly use Logwatch. It emails me a report each day from
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my various systems with each report summarizing the logged activity on
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@ -934,10 +944,14 @@
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logged twice, they are corrupted. I solve this problem by using an
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/etc/shorewall/common file like this:</para>
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<programlisting># # Include the standard common.def file # .
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/etc/shorewall/common.def # # The following rule is non-standard and
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compensates for tardy # DNS replies # run_iptables -A common -p udp
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--sport 53 -mstate --state NEW -j DROP</programlisting>
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<programlisting>#
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# Include the standard common.def file
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# . /etc/shorewall/common.def
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#
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# The following rule is non-standard and compensates for tardy
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# DNS replies
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#
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run_iptables -A common -p udp --sport 53 -mstate --state NEW -j DROP</programlisting>
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<para>The above file is also include in all of my sample
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configurations available in the <ulink
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@ -966,25 +980,10 @@
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title>Example:</title>
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<programlisting>MAC=00:04:4c:dc:e2:28:00:b0:8e:cf:3c:4c:08:00</programlisting>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Destination MAC address = 00:04:4c:dc:e2:28</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Source MAC address = 00:b0:8e:cf:3c:4c</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Ethernet Frame Type = 08:00 (IP Version 4)</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</example>
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<para><example><title>Example</title><para><programlisting>MAC=00:04:4c:dc:e2:28:00:b0:8e:cf:3c:4c:08:00</programlisting><itemizedlist><listitem><para>Destination
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MAC address = 00:04:4c:dc:e2:28</para></listitem><listitem><para>Source
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MAC address = 00:b0:8e:cf:3c:4c</para></listitem><listitem><para>Ethernet
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Frame Type = 08:00 (IP Version 4)</para></listitem></itemizedlist></para></example></para>
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</section>
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</section>
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@ -1351,12 +1350,23 @@
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providers that connect a local network (or even a single machine) to
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the big Internet.</para>
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<programlisting>________ +------------+ / | | | +-------------+
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Provider 1 +------- __ | | | / ___/ \_ +------+-------+ +------------+
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| _/ \__ | if1 | / / \ | | | | Local network -----+ Linux router | |
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Internet \_ __/ | | | \__ __/ | if2 | \ \___/ +------+-------+
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+------------+ | | | | \ +-------------+ Provider 2 +------- | | |
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+------------+ \________</programlisting>
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<programlisting> ________
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+------------+ /
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| | |
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+-------------+ Provider 1 +-------
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__ | | | /
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___/ \_ +------+-------+ +------------+ |
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_/ \__ | if1 | /
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/ \ | | |
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| Local network -----+ Linux router | | Internet
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\_ __/ | | |
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\__ __/ | if2 | \
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\___/ +------+-------+ +------------+ |
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| | | \
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+-------------+ Provider 2 +-------
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| | |
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+------------+ \________
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</programlisting>
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<para>There are usually two questions given this setup.</para>
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@ -1385,9 +1395,10 @@
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These are added in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. Then you set up routing in
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these tables as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>ip route add $P1_NET dev $IF1 src $IP1 table T1 ip
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route add default via $P1 table T1 ip route add $P2_NET dev $IF2 src
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$IP2 table T2 ip route add default via $P2 table T2</programlisting>
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<programlisting>ip route add $P1_NET dev $IF1 src $IP1 table T1
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ip route add default via $P1 table T1
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ip route add $P2_NET dev $IF2 src $IP2 table T2
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ip route add default via $P2 table T2</programlisting>
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<para>Nothing spectacular, just build a route to the gateway and build
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a default route via that gateway, as you would do in the case of a
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@ -1401,8 +1412,8 @@
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to that neighbour. Note the `src' arguments, they make sure the
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right outgoing IP address is chosen.</para>
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<programlisting>ip route add $P1_NET dev $IF1 src $IP1 ip route add
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$P2_NET dev $IF2 src $IP2</programlisting>
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<programlisting>ip route add $P1_NET dev $IF1 src $IP1
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ip route add $P2_NET dev $IF2 src $IP2</programlisting>
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<para>Then, your preference for default route:</para>
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@ -1413,8 +1424,8 @@
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a given interface if you already have the corresponding source
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address:</para>
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<programlisting>ip rule add from $IP1 table T1 ip rule add from $IP2
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table T2</programlisting>
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<programlisting>ip rule add from $IP1 table T1
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ip rule add from $IP2 table T2</programlisting>
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<para>This set of commands makes sure all answers to traffic coming in
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on a particular interface get answered from that interface.</para>
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@ -1423,10 +1434,12 @@
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<para>'If $P0_NET is the local network and $IF0 is its
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interface, the following additional entries are desirable:</para>
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<programlisting>ip route add $P0_NET dev $IF0 table T1 ip route add
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$P2_NET dev $IF2 table T1 ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo table T1
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ip route add $P0_NET dev $IF0 table T2 ip route add $P1_NET dev $IF1
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table T2 ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo table T2</programlisting>
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<programlisting format="linespecific">ip route add $P0_NET dev $IF0 table T1
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ip route add $P2_NET dev $IF2 table T1
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ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo table T1
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ip route add $P0_NET dev $IF0 table T2
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ip route add $P1_NET dev $IF1 table T2
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ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo table T2</programlisting>
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</note>
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<para>Now, this is just the very basic setup. It will work for all
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@ -1449,8 +1462,8 @@
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is done as follows (once more building on the example in the section
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on split-access):</para>
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<programlisting>ip route add default scope global nexthop via $P1 dev
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$IF1 weight 1 \ nexthop via $P2 dev $IF2 weight 1</programlisting>
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<programlisting>ip route add default scope global nexthop via $P1 dev $IF1 weight 1 \
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nexthop via $P2 dev $IF2 weight 1</programlisting>
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<para>This will balance the routes over both providers. The <emphasis
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role="bold">weight</emphasis> parameters can be tweaked to favor one
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@ -1492,20 +1505,21 @@
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Answer:</emphasis> The output you will see
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looks something like this:</para>
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<programlisting>/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o:
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init_module: Device or resource busy Hint: insmod errors can be caused
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by incorrect module parameters, including invalid IO or IRQ parameters
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/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o: insmod
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/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o failed
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/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o: insmod
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ip_tables failed iptables v1.2.3: can't initialize iptables table
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`nat': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or
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your kernel needs to be upgraded.</programlisting>
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<programlisting>/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o: init_module: Device or resource busy
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Hint: insmod errors can be caused by incorrect module parameters, including invalid IO or IRQ parameters
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/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o: insmod
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/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o failed
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/lib/modules/2.4.17/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o: insmod ip_tables failed
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iptables v1.2.3: can't initialize iptables table `nat': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
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Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
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</programlisting>
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<para>This is usually cured by the following sequence of commands:</para>
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<para>This problem is usually corrected through the following sequence
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of commands</para>
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<programlisting>service ipchains stop chkconfig --delete ipchains rmmod
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ipchains</programlisting>
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<programlisting>service ipchains stop
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chkconfig --delete ipchains
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rmmod ipchains</programlisting>
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<para>Also, be sure to check the <ulink url="errata.htm">errata</ulink>
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for problems concerning the version of iptables (v1.2.3) shipped with
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@ -1527,13 +1541,21 @@
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<para>I just installed Shorewall and when I issue the start command, I
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see the following:</para>
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<programlisting>Processing /etc/shorewall/params ... Processing
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/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf ... Starting Shorewall... Loading
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Modules... Initializing... Determining Zones... Zones: net loc
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Validating interfaces file... Validating hosts file... Determining Hosts
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in Zones... <emphasis role="bold">Net Zone: eth0:0.0.0.0/0</emphasis>
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<emphasis role="bold">Local Zone: eth1:0.0.0.0/0</emphasis> Deleting
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user chains... Creating input Chains... ...</programlisting>
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<programlisting>Processing /etc/shorewall/params ...
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Processing /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf ...
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Starting Shorewall...
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Loading Modules...
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Initializing...
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Determining Zones...
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Zones: net loc
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Validating interfaces file...
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Validating hosts file...
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Determining Hosts in Zones...
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<emphasis role="bold">Net Zone: eth0:0.0.0.0/0
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</emphasis><emphasis role="bold">Local Zone: eth1:0.0.0.0/0</emphasis>
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Deleting user chains...
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Creating input Chains...
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...</programlisting>
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<para>Why can't Shorewall detect my interfaces properly?</para>
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