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Shorewall-docs/two-interface.xml
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@ -8,17 +8,20 @@
<firstname>Tom</firstname> <firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Eastep</surname> <surname>Eastep</surname>
</author> </author>
<pubdate>2003&#047;12&#047;24</pubdate> <pubdate><?dbtimestamp format="Y/m/d"?></pubdate>
<copyright> <copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year> <year>2003</year>
<year>2004</year>
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder> <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
</copyright> </copyright>
<legalnotice> <legalnotice>
<para> <para>
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled <quote><ulink url="copyright.htm" type="">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink></quote>. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink></quote>.
</para> </para>
</legalnotice> </legalnotice>
</articleinfo> </articleinfo>
<section> <section>
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para> <para>
@ -27,6 +30,7 @@
<para> <para>
This guide doesn't attempt to acquaint you with all of the features of Shorewall. It rather focuses on what is required to configure Shorewall in its most common configuration: This guide doesn't attempt to acquaint you with all of the features of Shorewall. It rather focuses on what is required to configure Shorewall in its most common configuration:
</para> </para>
<itemizedlist mark="bullet" spacing="compact"> <itemizedlist mark="bullet" spacing="compact">
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
@ -44,9 +48,10 @@
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<para> <para>
Here is a schematic of a typical installation: Here is a schematic of a typical installation:
</para>
<figure label="1"> <figure label="1">
<title>Common two interface firewall configuration</title> <title>Common two interface firewall configuration</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
@ -55,7 +60,8 @@
</imageobject> </imageobject>
</mediaobject> </mediaobject>
</figure> </figure>
<note>
<tip>
<title>Shorewall and <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> 9.0&#043;</title> <title>Shorewall and <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> 9.0&#043;</title>
<para> <para>
If you are running Shorewall under <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> 9.0 or later, you can easily configure the above setup using the <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> <quote>Internet Connection Sharing</quote> applet. From the <emphasis><interface>Mandrake Control Center</interface></emphasis>, select <quote><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem> &#038; <guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu></quote> then <quote><interface>Connection Sharing</interface></quote>. If you are running Shorewall under <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> 9.0 or later, you can easily configure the above setup using the <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> <quote>Internet Connection Sharing</quote> applet. From the <emphasis><interface>Mandrake Control Center</interface></emphasis>, select <quote><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem> &#038; <guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu></quote> then <quote><interface>Connection Sharing</interface></quote>.
@ -63,41 +69,132 @@
<para> <para>
Note however, that the Shorewall configuration produced by <emphasis>Mandrake Internet Connection Sharing</emphasis> is strange and is apt to confuse you if you use the rest of this documentation (it has two local zones; <varname>loc</varname> and <varname>masq</varname> where <varname>loc</varname> is empty; this conflicts with this documentation which assumes a single local zone <varname>loc</varname>). We therefore recommend that once you have set up this sharing that you uninstall the <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> Shorewall RPM and install the one from the <ulink url="download.htm">download</ulink> page then follow the instructions in this Guide. Note however, that the Shorewall configuration produced by <emphasis>Mandrake Internet Connection Sharing</emphasis> is strange and is apt to confuse you if you use the rest of this documentation (it has two local zones; <varname>loc</varname> and <varname>masq</varname> where <varname>loc</varname> is empty; this conflicts with this documentation which assumes a single local zone <varname>loc</varname>). We therefore recommend that once you have set up this sharing that you uninstall the <trademark>Mandrake</trademark> Shorewall RPM and install the one from the <ulink url="download.htm">download</ulink> page then follow the instructions in this Guide.
</para> </para>
</note> </tip>
<caution>
<para> <para>
Shorewall requires that you have the <command>iproute</command>/<command>iproute2</command> package installed (on <trademark>RedHat</trademark>, the package is called <command>iproute</command>). You can tell if this package is installed by the presence of an <command>ip</command> program on your firewall system. As <literal>root</literal>, you can use the <command>which</command> command to check for this program: If you edit your configuration files on a <trademark>Windows</trademark> system, you must save them as <trademark>Unix</trademark> files if your editor supports that option or you must run them through <command>dos2unix</command> before trying to use them. Similarly, if you copy a configuration file from your <trademark>Windows</trademark> hard drive to a floppy disk, you must run <command>dos2unix</command> against the copy before using it with Shorewall.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/51438.html"><trademark>Windows</trademark> Version of <command>dos2unix</command></ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/">Linux Version of <command>dos2unix</command></ulink></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</caution>
</para>
<section>
<title>System Requirements</title>
<para>
Shorewall requires that you have the <command>iproute</command>/<command>iproute2</command> package installed (on <trademark>RedHat</trademark>, the package is called <command>iproute</command>). You can tell if this package is installed by the presence of an <command>ip</command> program on your firewall system. As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, you can use the <command>which</command> command to check for this program:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
[root@gateway root]# which ip [root@gateway root]# which ip
/sbin/ip /sbin/ip
[root@gateway root]# [root@gateway root]#
</programlisting> </programlisting>
I recommend that you first read through the guide to familiarize yourself with what's involved then go back through it again making your configuration changes. I recommend that you first read through the guide to familiarize yourself with what's involved then go back through it again making your configuration changes.
</para> </para>
<caution> </section>
<section>
<title>Conventions</title>
<para> <para>
If you edit your configuration files on a <trademark>Windows</trademark> system, you must save them as <trademark>Unix</trademark> files if your editor supports that option or you must run them through <command>dos2unix</command> before trying to use them. Similarly, if you copy a configuration file from your <trademark>Windows</trademark> hard drive to a floppy disk, you must run <command>dos2unix</command> against the copy before using it with Shorewall. Points at which configuration changes are recommended are flagged with <inlinegraphic fileref="images/BD21298_.gif" format="GIF" />.
<itemizedlist> </para>
<para>
Configuration notes that are unique to LEAF/Bering are marked with <inlinegraphic fileref="images/leaflogo.gif" format="GIF" />.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>PPTP/ADSL</title>
<para>
<inlinegraphic fileref="images/BD21298_.gif" format="GIF" />If you have an <acronym>ADSL</acronym> Modem and you use <acronym>PPTP</acronym> to communicate with a server in that modem, you must make the changes recommended here in addition to those detailed below. <acronym>ADSL</acronym> with <acronym>PPTP</acronym> is most commonly found in Europe, notably in Austria.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Shorewall Concepts</title>
<para>
<inlinegraphic fileref="images/BD21298_.gif" format="GIF" />The configuration files for Shorewall are contained in the directory <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename> -- for simple setups, you will only need to deal with a few of these as described in this guide.
<tip>
<para>
After you have <ulink url="Install.htm">installed Shorewall</ulink>, download the <ulink url="http://www1.shorewall.net/pub/shorewall/Samples/">two-interface sample</ulink>, un-tar it (<command>tar <option>-zxvf</option> <filename>two-interfaces.tgz</filename></command>) and and copy the files to <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename> <emphasis role="bold">(these files will replace files with the same name)</emphasis>.
</para>
</tip>
As each file is introduced, I suggest that you look through the actual file on your system -- each file contains detailed configuration instructions and default entries.
</para>
<para>
Shorewall views the network where it is running as being composed of a set of zones. In the two-interface sample configuration, the following zone names are used:
<informaltable frame="all" pgwide="0">
<tgroup cols="2" align="left">
<thead valign="middle">
<row valign="middle">
<entry align="left">Name</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="middle">
<row valign="middle">
<entry align="left"><varname>net</varname></entry>
<entry align="left">The Internet</entry>
</row>
<row valign="middle">
<entry align="left"><varname>loc</varname></entry>
<entry align="left">Your Local Network</entry>
</row>
<row valign="middle">
<entry align="left"><varname>dmz</varname></entry>
<entry align="left">Demilitarized Zone</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
Zones are defined in the <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Zones"><filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>zones</filename></ulink> file.
</para>
<para>
Shorewall also recognizes the firewall system as its own zone - by default, the firewall itself is known as <varname>fw</varname>.
</para>
<para>
Rules about what traffic to allow and what traffic to deny are expressed in terms of zones.
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<ulink url="http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/51438.html"><trademark>Windows</trademark> Version of <command>dos2unix</command></ulink> You express your default policy for connections from one zone to another zone in the <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Policy"><filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>policy</filename></ulink> file.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<ulink url="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/">Linux Version of <command>dos2unix</command></ulink> You define exceptions to those default policies in the <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Rules"><filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>rules</filename></ulink> file.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
For each connection request entering the firewall, the request is first checked against the <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>rules</filename> file. If no rule in that file matches the connection request then the first policy in <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>policy</filename> that matches the request is applied. If that policy is <varname>REJECT</varname> or <varname>DROP</varname> the request is first checked against the rules in <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>common</filename> if that file exists; otherwise the rules in <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>common.def</filename> are checked.
</para> </para>
</caution>
</section>
<section>
<title>PPTP/ADSL</title>
<important>
<para> <para>
If you have an <acronym>ADSL</acronym> Modem and you use <acronym>PPTP</acronym> to communicate with a server in that modem, you must make the changes recommended here in addition to those detailed below. <acronym>ADSL</acronym> with <acronym>PPTP</acronym> is most commonly found in Europe, notably in Austria. The <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall/</filename><filename>policy</filename> file included with the two-interface sample has the following policies:
</para>
</important>
<informaltable pgwide="0" frame="all" label="policy file">
<tgroup cols="5" align="left">
<thead valign="middle">
</thead>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</section> </section>
</article> </article>