1) On systems running Upstart, shorewall-init cannot reliably secure the firewall before interfaces are brought up. 2) The 'local' option in /etc/shorewall6/providers produces an 'ip route add' command containing an IPv4 address. 3) When optimize lever 4 is set, the optimizer mis-handles rules of the form: -A -j -m comment ... when such a rule is the only rule in a chain. Workarounds: 1. Don't use optimization level 4; or 2. Remove the comment from the rule.