forked from extern/shorewall_code
184390708e
git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@649 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
295 lines
12 KiB
HTML
295 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
|
||
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
|
||
|
||
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
|
||
|
||
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
|
||
|
||
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
|
||
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
|
||
<title>Starting and Stopping Shorewall</title>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
|
||
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|
||
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
|
||
id="AutoNumber1" bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="100%">
|
||
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Starting/Stopping and Monitoring
|
||
the Firewall</font></h1>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p> If you have a permanent internet connection such as DSL or Cable,
|
||
I recommend that you start the firewall automatically at boot.
|
||
Once you have installed "firewall" in your init.d directory, simply
|
||
type "chkconfig --add firewall". This will start the firewall
|
||
in run levels 2-5 and stop it in run levels 1 and 6. If you want to
|
||
configure your firewall differently from this default, you can use
|
||
the "--level" option in chkconfig (see "man chkconfig") or using your
|
||
favorite graphical run-level editor.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><strong><u> <font color="#000099"> Important Notes:</font></u></strong><br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Shorewall startup is disabled by default. Once you have
|
||
configured your firewall, you can enable startup by removing the file
|
||
/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled. Note: Users of the .deb package must
|
||
edit /etc/default/shorewall and set 'startup=1'.<br>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>If you use dialup, you may want to start the firewall
|
||
in your /etc/ppp/ip-up.local script. I recommend just placing "shorewall
|
||
restart" in that script.</li>
|
||
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
|
||
<p> You can manually start and stop Shoreline Firewall using the "shorewall"
|
||
shell program: </p>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>shorewall start - starts the firewall</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall stop - stops the firewall</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall restart - stops the firewall (if it's
|
||
running) and then starts it again</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall reset - reset the packet and byte counters
|
||
in the firewall</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall clear - remove all rules and chains installed
|
||
by Shoreline Firewall</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall refresh - refresh the rules involving the
|
||
broadcast addresses of firewall interfaces, <a
|
||
href="blacklisting_support.htm">the black list</a>, <a
|
||
href="traffic_shaping.htm">traffic control rules</a> and <a
|
||
href="ECN.html">ECN control rules</a>.</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
If you include the keyword <i>debug</i> as the first argument, then
|
||
a shell trace of the command is produced as in:<br>
|
||
|
||
<pre> <font color="#009900"><b>shorewall debug start 2> /tmp/trace</b></font><br></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>The above command would trace the 'start' command and place the trace information
|
||
in the file /tmp/trace<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The <a href="#StateDiagram">Shorewall State Diagram</a> is shown at the
|
||
bottom of this page.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>The "shorewall" program may also be used to monitor the firewall.</p>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>shorewall status - produce a verbose report about the
|
||
firewall (iptables -L -n -v)</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall show <i>chain</i> - produce a verbose report
|
||
about <i>chain </i>(iptables -L <i>chain</i> -n -v)</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall show nat - produce a verbose report about
|
||
the nat table (iptables -t nat -L -n -v)</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall show tos - produce a verbose report about
|
||
the mangle table (iptables -t mangle -L -n -v)</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall show log - display the last 20 packet log
|
||
entries.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall show connections - displays the IP connections
|
||
currently being tracked by the firewall.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall show
|
||
tc - displays
|
||
information about the traffic control/shaping configuration.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall monitor [ delay ] - Continuously display the
|
||
firewall status, last 20 log entries and nat. When the log
|
||
entry display changes, an audible alarm is sounded.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall hits - Produces several reports about the
|
||
Shorewall packet log messages in the current /var/log/messages
|
||
file.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall version - Displays the installed version
|
||
number.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall check - Performs a <u>cursory</u> validation of the
|
||
zones, interfaces, hosts, rules and policy files.<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<font size="4" color="#ff6666"><b>The "check" command is totally unsuppored
|
||
and does not parse and validate the generated iptables commands.
|
||
Even though the "check" command completes successfully, the configuration
|
||
may fail to start. Problem reports that complain about errors that the 'check'
|
||
command does not detect will not be accepted.<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
See the recommended way to make configuration changes described below.</b></font><br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall try<i> configuration-directory</i> [<i> timeout</i>
|
||
] - Restart shorewall using the specified configuration and if
|
||
an error occurs or if the<i> timeout </i> option is given and the
|
||
new configuration has been up for that many seconds then shorewall
|
||
is restarted using the standard configuration.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall deny, shorewall reject, shorewall accept and
|
||
shorewall save implement <a href="blacklisting_support.htm">dynamic
|
||
blacklisting</a>.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall logwatch (added in version 1.3.2) - Monitors
|
||
the <a href="#Conf">LOGFILE </a>and produces an audible alarm when
|
||
new Shorewall messages are logged.</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
Beginning with Shorewall 1.4.6, /sbin/shorewall supports a couple of commands
|
||
for dealing with IP addresses and IP address ranges:<br>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>shorewall ipcalc [ <i>address mask </i>| <i>address/vlsm</i> ] - displays
|
||
the network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR notation and netmask
|
||
corresponding to the input[s].</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall iprange <i>address1-address2</i> - Decomposes the specified
|
||
range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of network/host addresses.
|
||
<br>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
Finally, the "shorewall" program may be used to dynamically alter the
|
||
contents of a zone.<br>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>shorewall add <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone </i>-
|
||
Adds the specified interface (and host if included) to the specified zone.</li>
|
||
<li>shorewall delete <i>interface</i>[:<i>host]</i> <i>zone
|
||
</i>- Deletes the specified interface (and host if included) from
|
||
the specified zone.</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>Examples:<br>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall add ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</b></font>
|
||
-- adds the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 to the zone vpn1<br>
|
||
<font color="#009900"><b> shorewall delete ipsec0:192.0.2.24
|
||
vpn1</b></font> -- deletes the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0
|
||
from zone vpn1<br>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<p> The <b>shorewall start</b>, <b>shorewall restart, shorewall check, </b>and
|
||
<b>shorewall try </b>commands allow you to specify which <a
|
||
href="configuration_file_basics.htm#Configs"> Shorewall configuration</a>
|
||
to use:</p>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p> shorewall [ -c <i>configuration-directory</i> ] {start|restart|check}<br>
|
||
shorewall try <i>configuration-directory</i></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<p> If a <i>configuration-directory</i> is specified, each time that Shorewall
|
||
is going to use a file in /etc/shorewall it will first look in the
|
||
<i>configuration-directory</i> . If the file is present in the <i>configuration-directory</i>,
|
||
that file will be used; otherwise, the file in /etc/shorewall will be
|
||
used.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p> When changing the configuration of a production firewall, I recommend
|
||
the following:</p>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><font color="#009900"><b>mkdir /etc/test</b></font></li>
|
||
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd /etc/test</b></font></li>
|
||
<li><copy any files that you need to change
|
||
from /etc/shorewall to . and change them here></li>
|
||
<li><font color="#009900"><b>shorewall -c . check</b></font></li>
|
||
<li><correct any errors found by check and check again></li>
|
||
<li><font
|
||
color="#009900"><b>/sbin/shorewall try .</b></font></li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p> If the configuration starts but doesn't work, just "shorewall restart"
|
||
to restore the old configuration. If the new configuration fails to
|
||
start, the "try" command will automatically start the old one for you.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p> When the new configuration works then just </p>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cp * /etc/shorewall</b></font></li>
|
||
<li><font color="#009900"><b>cd</b></font></li>
|
||
<li><font color="#009900"><b>rm -rf /etc/test</b></font></li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p><a name="StateDiagram"></a>The Shorewall State Diargram is depicted below.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"><img src="images/State_Diagram.png"
|
||
alt="(State Diagram)" width="747" height="714" align="middle">
|
||
<br>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p><EFBFBD> <br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
You will note that the commands that result in state transitions
|
||
use the word "firewall" rather than "shorewall". That is because the actual
|
||
transitions are done by /usr/lib/shorewall/firewall (/usr/share/shorewall/firewall
|
||
on Debian); /sbin/shorewall runs 'firewall" according to the following
|
||
table:<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall start<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall start<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall stop<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall stop<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall restart<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall restart<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall add<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall add<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall delete<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall delete<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall refresh<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall refresh<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td valign="top">shorewall try<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td valign="top">firewall -c <new configuration> restart<br>
|
||
If unsuccessful then firewall start (standard configuration)<br>
|
||
If timeout then firewall restart (standard configuration)<br>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
<p><font size="2"> Updated 7/6/2003 - <a href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a>
|
||
</font></p>
|
||
|
||
<p><font face="Trebuchet MS"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright</font>
|
||
<20> <font size="2">2001, 2002, 2003 Thomas M. Eastep.</font></a></font><br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|