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shorewall_code/STABLE/documentation/three-interface.htm
teastep 342db2dd44 Documentation changes for 1.3.8 
git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@240 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
2002-09-16 17:02:45 +00:00

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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Three-Interface Firewall</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
style="border-collapse: collapse;" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber5" bgcolor="#400169" height="90">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 align="center"><font color="#ffffff">Three-Interface Firewall</font></h1>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 align="center">Version 2.0.1</h2>
<p align="left">Setting up a Linux system as a firewall for a small network
with DMZ is a fairly straight-forward task if you understand the basics
and follow the documentation.</p>
<p>This guide doesn't attempt to acquaint you with all of the features of
Shorewall. It rather focuses on what is required to configure Shorewall
in one of its more popular configurations:</p>
<ul>
<li>Linux system used as a firewall/router for a small local network.</li>
<li>Single public IP address.</li>
<li>DMZ connected to a separate ethernet interface.</li>
<li>Connection through DSL, Cable Modem, ISDN, Frame Relay, dial-up, ...</li>
</ul>
<p align="left">Here is a schematic of a typical installation.</p>
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/dmz1.png" width="692"
height="635">
</p>
<p>This guide assumes that you have the iproute/iproute2 package installed
(on RedHat, the package is called <i>iproute</i>)<i>. </i>You can tell if
this package is installed by the presence of an <b>ip</b> program on your
firewall system. As root, you can use the 'which' command to check for this
program:</p>
<pre> [root@gateway root]# which ip<br> /sbin/ip<br> [root@gateway root]#</pre>
<p>I recommend that you first read through the guide to familiarize yourself
with what's involved then go back through it again making your configuration
changes. Points at which configuration changes are recommended are flagged
with <img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13" height="13">
</p>
<p><img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif" width="60" height="60">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> If you edit your configuration files on a Windows system, you must save
them as Unix files if your editor supports that option or you must run them
through dos2unix before trying to use them. Similarly, if you copy a configuration
file from your Windows hard drive to a floppy disk, you must run dos2unix
against the copy before using it with Shorewall.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/51438.html">Windows Version
of dos2unix</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.megaloman.com/%7Ehany/software/hd2u/">Linux Version
of dos2unix</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 align="left">Shorewall Concepts</h2>
<p>The configuration files for Shorewall are contained in the directory /etc/shorewall
-- for simple setups, you will only need to deal with a few of these as
described in this guide. After you have <a href="Install.htm">installed
Shorewall</a>, download the <a
href="/pub/shorewall/LATEST.samples/three-interfaces.tgz">three-interface
sample</a>, un-tar it (tar -zxvf three-interfaces.tgz) and and copy the
files to /etc/shorewall (the files will replace files with the same names
that were placed in /etc/shorewall when Shorewall was installed).</p>
<p>As each file is introduced, I suggest that you look through the actual
file on your system -- each file contains detailed configuration instructions
and default entries.</p>
<p>Shorewall views the network where it is running as being composed of a
set of <i>zones.</i> In the three-interface sample configuration, the following
zone names are used:</p>
<table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" id="AutoNumber2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>Name</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Description</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>net</b></td>
<td><b>The Internet</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>loc</b></td>
<td><b>Your Local Network</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>dmz</b></td>
<td><b>Demilitarized Zone</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Zone names are defined in <a href="Documentation.htm#Zones"> /etc/shorewall/zones</a>.</p>
<p>Shorewall also recognizes the firewall system as its own zone - by default,
the firewall itself is known as <b>fw</b>.</p>
<p>Rules about what traffic to allow and what traffic to deny are expressed
in terms of zones.</p>
<ul>
<li>You express your default policy for connections from one zone to another
zone in the<a href="Documentation.htm#Policy"> /etc/shorewall/policy </a>file.</li>
<li>You define exceptions to those default policies in the <a
href="Documentation.htm#Rules">/etc/shorewall/rules </a>file.</li>
</ul>
<p>For each connection request entering the firewall, the request is first
checked against the /etc/shorewall/rules file. If no rule in that file matches
the connection request then the first policy in /etc/shorewall/policy that
matches the request is applied. If that policy is REJECT or DROP<4F> the
request is first checked against the rules in /etc/shorewall/common (the
samples provide that file for you).</p>
<p>The /etc/shorewall/policy file included with the three-interface sample
has the following policies:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>Source Zone</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Destination Zone</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Policy</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Log Level</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Limit:Burst</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>loc</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>net</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>DROP</td>
<td>info</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>all</td>
<td>all</td>
<td>REJECT</td>
<td>info</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>In the three-interface sample, the line below is included but commented
out. If you want your firewall system to have full access to servers on
the internet, uncomment that line.</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>Source Zone</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Destination Zone</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Policy</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Log Level</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>Limit:Burst</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>The above policy will:</p>
<ol>
<li>allow all connection requests from your local network to the internet</li>
<li>drop (ignore) all connection requests from the internet to your firewall
or local network</li>
<li>optionally accept all connection requests from the firewall to the
internet (if you uncomment the additional policy)</li>
<li>reject all other connection requests.</li>
</ol>
<p><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_1.gif" width="13" height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> At this point, edit your /etc/shorewall/policy file and make any changes
that you wish.</p>
<h2 align="left">Network Interfaces</h2>
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/dmz1.png" width="692"
height="635">
</p>
<p align="left">The firewall has three network interfaces. Where Internet
connectivity is through a cable or DSL "Modem", the <i>External Interface</i>
will be the ethernet adapter that is connected to that "Modem" (e.g., <b>eth0</b>)<29>
<u>unless</u> you connect via <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint <u>P</u>rotocol
over <u>E</u>thernet</i> (PPPoE) or <i><u>P</u>oint-to-<u>P</u>oint <u>T</u>unneling
<u>P</u>rotocol </i>(PPTP) in which case the External Interface will be a
ppp interface (e.g., <b>ppp0</b>). If you connect via a regular modem, your
External Interface will also be <b>ppp0</b>. If you connect using ISDN,
you external interface will be <b>ippp0.</b></p>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_1.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0 </b>then you will
want to set CLAMPMSS=yes in <a href="Documentation.htm#Conf"> /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf.</a></p>
<p align="left">Your <i>Local Interface</i> will be an ethernet adapter (eth0,
eth1 or eth2) and will be connected to a hub or switch. Your local computers
will be connected to the same switch (note: If you have only a single local
system, you can connect the firewall directly to the computer using a <i>cross-over
</i> cable).</p>
<p align="left">Your <i>DMZ Interface</i> will also be an ethernet adapter
(eth0, eth1 or eth2) and will be connected to a hub or switch. Your DMZ
computers will be connected to the same switch (note: If you have only a
single DMZ system, you can connect the firewall directly to the computer
using a <i>cross-over </i> cable).</p>
<p align="left"><u><b> <img border="0" src="images/j0213519.gif"
width="60" height="60">
</b></u>Do not connect more than one interface to the same hub or switch
(even for testing). It won't work the way that you expect it to and you
will end up confused and believing that Shorewall doesn't work at all.</p>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> The Shorewall three-interface sample configuration assumes that the
external interface is <b>eth0, </b>the local interface is <b>eth1 </b>and
the DMZ interface is <b> eth2</b>. If your configuration is different,
you will have to modify the sample /etc/shorewall/interfaces file accordingly.
While you are there, you may wish to review the list of options that are
specified for the interfaces. Some hints:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>,
you can replace the "detect" in the second column with "-". </p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left">If your external interface is <b>ppp0</b> or <b>ippp0</b>
or if you have a static IP address, you can remove "dhcp" from the option
list. </p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 align="left">IP Addresses</h2>
<p align="left">Before going further, we should say a few words about Internet
Protocol (IP) <i>addresses</i>. Normally, your ISP will assign you a single
<i> Public</i> IP address. This address may be assigned via the<i> Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol</i> (DHCP) or as part of establishing your connection
when you dial in (standard modem) or establish your PPP connection. In rare
cases, your ISP may assign you a<i> static</i> IP address; that means that
you configure your firewall's external interface to use that address permanently.<i>
</i>Regardless of how the address is assigned, it will be shared by all of
your systems when you access the Internet. You will have to assign your
own addresses for your internal network (the local and DMZ Interfaces on
your firewall plus your other computers). RFC 1918 reserves several <i>Private
</i>IP address ranges for this purpose:</p>
<div align="left">
<pre> 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255<br> 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255<br> 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255</pre>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Before starting Shorewall, you should look at the IP address of your
external interface and if it is one of the above ranges, you should remove
the 'norfc1918' option from the external interface's entry in /etc/shorewall/interfaces.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">You will want to assign your local addresses from one <i>
sub-network </i>or <i>subnet</i> and your DMZ addresses from another subnet.
For our purposes, we can consider a subnet to consists of a range of addresses
x.y.z.0 - x.y.z.255. Such a subnet will have a <i>Subnet Mask </i>of 255.255.255.0.
The address x.y.z.0 is reserved as the <i>Subnet Address</i> and x.y.z.255
is reserved as the <i>Subnet Broadcast</i> <i>Address</i>. In Shorewall,
a subnet is described using <a href="subnet_masks.htm"> <i>Variable-Length
Subnet Mask </i>(VLSM)</a> notation with consists of the subnet address
followed by "/24". The "24" refers to the number of consecutive "1"
bits from the left of the subnet mask. </p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">Example sub-network:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;" id="AutoNumber1"
cellpadding="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>Range:</b></td>
<td>10.10.10.0 - 10.10.10.255</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Subnet Address:</b></td>
<td>10.10.10.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Broadcast Address:</b></td>
<td>10.10.10.255</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>VLSM Notation:</b></td>
<td>10.10.10.0/24</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">It is conventional to assign the internal interface either
the first usable address in the subnet (10.10.10.1 in the above example)
or the last usable address (10.10.10.254).</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">One of the purposes of subnetting is to allow all computers
in the subnet to understand which other computers can be communicated
with directly. To communicate with systems outside of the subnetwork,
systems send packets through a<i><EFBFBD> gateway</i><EFBFBD> (router).</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_1.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Your local computers (Local Computers 1 &amp; 2) should be configured
with their<i> default gateway</i> set to the IP address of the firewall's
internal interface and your DMZ computers ( DMZ Computers 1 &amp; 2) should
be configured with their default gateway set to the IP address of the
firewall's DMZ interface.<2E><> </p>
</div>
<p align="left">The foregoing short discussion barely scratches the surface
regarding subnetting and routing. If you are interested in learning more
about IP addressing and routing, I highly recommend <i>"IP Fundamentals:
What Everyone Needs to Know about Addressing &amp; Routing",</i> Thomas
A. Maufer, Prentice-Hall, 1999, ISBN 0-13-975483-0.</p>
<p align="left">The remainder of this quide will assume that you have configured
your network as shown here:</p>
<p align="center"> <img border="0" src="images/dmz2.png" width="721"
height="635">
</p>
<p align="left">The default gateway for the DMZ computers would be 10.10.10.254
and the default gateway for the Local computers would be 10.10.10.254.</p>
<h2 align="left">IP Masquerading (SNAT)</h2>
<p align="left">The addresses reserved by RFC 1918 are sometimes referred
to as <i>non-routable</i> because the Internet backbone routers don't forward
packets which have an RFC-1918 destination address. When one of your local
systems (let's assume local computer 1) sends a connection request to an
internet host, the firewall must perform <i>Network Address Translation
</i>(NAT). The firewall rewrites the source address in the packet to be
the address of the firewall's external interface; in other words, the firewall
makes it look as if the firewall itself is initiating the connection.<2E> This
is necessary so that the destination host will be able to route return packets
back to the firewall (remember that packets whose destination address is
reserved by RFC 1918 can't be routed accross the internet). When the firewall
receives a return packet, it rewrites the destination address back to 10.10.10.1
and forwards the packet on to local computer 1. </p>
<p align="left">On Linux systems, the above process is often referred to
as<i> IP Masquerading</i> and you will also see the term <i>Source Network
Address Translation </i>(SNAT) used. Shorewall follows the convention used
with Netfilter:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p align="left"><i>Masquerade</i> describes the case where you let your
firewall system automatically detect the external interface address.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"><i>SNAT</i> refers to the case when you explicitly specify
the source address that you want outbound packets from your local network
to use. </p>
</li>
</ul>
<p align="left">In Shorewall, both Masquerading and SNAT are configured with
entries in the /etc/shorewall/masq file.</p>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> If your external firewall interface is <b>eth0</b>, your local interface
<b>eth1 </b>and your DMZ interface is <b>eth2</b> then you do not need to
modify the file provided with the sample. Otherwise, edit /etc/shorewall/masq
and change it to match your configuration.</p>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> If your external IP is static, you can enter it in the third column
in the /etc/shorewall/masq entry if you like although your firewall will
work fine if you leave that column empty. Entering your static IP in column
3 makes processing outgoing packets a little more efficient. </p>
<h2 align="left">Port Forwarding (DNAT)</h2>
<p align="left">One of your goals will be to run one or more servers on your
DMZ computers. Because these computers have RFC-1918 addresses, it is not
possible for clients on the internet to connect directly to them. It is
rather necessary for those clients to address their connection requests
to your firewall who rewrites the destination address to the address of
your server and forwards the packet to that server. When your server responds,
the firewall automatically performs SNAT to rewrite the source address in
the response.</p>
<p align="left">The above process is called<i> Port Forwarding</i> or <i>
Destination Network Address Translation</i> (DNAT). You configure port forwarding
using DNAT rules in the /etc/shorewall/rules file.</p>
<p>The general form of a simple port forwarding rule in /etc/shorewall/rules
is:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DNAT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>dmz:<i>&lt;server local ip address&gt; </i>[:<i>&lt;server port&gt;</i>]</td>
<td><i>&lt;protocol&gt;</i></td>
<td><i>&lt;port&gt;</i></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>If you don't specify the <i>&lt;server port&gt;</i>, it is assumed to
be the same as <i>&lt;port&gt;</i>.</p>
<p>Example - you run a Web Server on DMZ 2 and you want to forward incoming
TCP port 80 to that system:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DNAT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.2</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>80</td>
<td># Forward port 80</td>
<td>from the internet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.2</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>#Allow connections </td>
<td>from the local network</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>A couple of important points to keep in mind:</p>
<ul>
<li>When you are connecting to your server from your local systems, you
must use the server's internal IP address (10.10.11.2).</li>
<li>Many ISPs block incoming connection requests to port 80. If you have
problems connecting to your web server, try the following rule and try
connecting to port 5000 (e.g., connect to <a
href="http://w.x.y.z:5000"> http://w.x.y.z:5000</a> where w.x.y.z is your
external IP).</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DNAT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.2:80</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>5000</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>If you want to be able to access your server from the local network using
your external address, then if you have a static external IP you can replace
the loc-&gt;dmz rule above with:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DNAT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.2:80</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>-</td>
<td><i>&lt;external IP&gt;</i></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>If you have a dynamic ip then you must ensure that your external interface
is up before starting Shorewall and you must take steps as follows (assume
that your external interface is <b>eth0</b>):</p>
<ol>
<li>Include the following in /etc/shorewall/params:<br>
<br>
ETH0_IP=`find_interface_address eth0`<br>
<20></li>
<li>Make your loc-&gt;dmz rule:</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DNAT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.2:80</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>$ETH0_IP</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>If you want to access your server from the DMZ using your external IP
address, see <a href="FAQ.htm#faq2a">FAQ 2a</a>.</p>
<p><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13" height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> At this point, add the DNAT and ACCEPT rules for your servers. </p>
<h2 align="left">Domain Name Server (DNS)</h2>
<p align="left">Normally, when you connect to your ISP, as part of getting
an IP address your firewall's <i>Domain Name Service </i>(DNS) resolver
will be automatically configured (e.g., the /etc/resolv.conf file will be
written). Alternatively, your ISP may have given you the IP address of a
pair of DNS <i> name servers</i> for you to manually configure as your primary
and secondary name servers. It is <u>your</u> responsibility to configure
the resolver in your internal systems. You can take one of two approaches:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p align="left">You can configure your internal systems to use your ISP's
name servers. If you ISP gave you the addresses of their servers or if
those addresses are available on their web site, you can configure your
internal systems to use those addresses. If that information isn't available,
look in /etc/resolv.conf on your firewall system -- the name servers are
given in "nameserver" records in that file. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif"
width="13" height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> You can configure a<i> Caching Name Server </i>on your firewall or
in your DMZ.<i> </i>Red Hat has an RPM for a caching name server (which also
requires the 'bind' RPM) and for Bering users, there is dnscache.lrp.
If you take this approach, you configure your internal systems to use
the caching name server as their primary (and only) name server. You use
the internal IP address of the firewall (10.10.10.254 in the example above)
for the name server address if you choose to run the name server on your
firewall. To allow your local systems to talk to your caching name server,
you must open port 53 (both UDP and TCP) from the local network to the
server; you do that by adding the rules in /etc/shorewall/rules. </p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p align="left">If you run the name server on the firewall:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>udp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>dmz</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>dmz</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>udp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</p>
</blockquote>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<p>Run name server on DMZ computer 1</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.1</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.11.1</td>
<td>udp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.10.1</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>dmz:10.10.10.1</td>
<td>udp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<h2 align="left">Other Connections</h2>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">The three-interface sample includes the following rules:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>udp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">Those rules allow DNS access from your firewall and may be
removed if you commented out the line in /etc/shorewall/policy allowing
all connections from the firewall to the internet.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">The sample also includes:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>22</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>loc</td>
<td>dmz</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>22</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">That rule allows you to run an SSH server on your firewall
and in each of your DMZ systems and to connect to those servers from
your local systems.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">If you wish to enable other connections between your systems,
the general format is:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td><i>&lt;source zone&gt;</i></td>
<td><i>&lt;destination zone&gt;</i></td>
<td><i>&lt;protocol&gt;</i></td>
<td><i>&lt;port&gt;</i></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">Example - You want to run a publicly-available DNS server
on your firewall system:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>#Allow DNS access</td>
<td>from the internet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>#Allow DNS access</td>
<td>from the internet</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">Those two rules would of course be in addition to the rules
listed above under "If you run the name server on your firewall".</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">If you don't know what port and protocol a particular
application uses, look <a href="ports.htm">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><b>Important: </b>I don't recommend enabling telnet to/from
the internet because it uses clear text (even for login!). If you want
shell access to your firewall from the internet, use SSH:</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
id="AutoNumber4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><u><b>ACTION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>DESTINATION</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PROTOCOL</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>SOURCE PORT</b></u></td>
<td><u><b>ORIGINAL ADDRESS</b></u></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ACCEPT</td>
<td>net</td>
<td>fw</td>
<td>tcp</td>
<td>22</td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
<td><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Now modify /etc/shorewall/rules to add or remove other connections
as required.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<h2 align="left">Starting and Stopping Your Firewall</h2>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">The <a href="Install.htm">installation procedure </a> configures
your system to start Shorewall at system boot.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left">The firewall is started using the "shorewall start" command
and stopped using "shorewall stop". When the firewall is stopped, routing
is enabled on those hosts that have an entry in <a
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>. A
running firewall may be restarted using the "shorewall restart" command.
If you want to totally remove any trace of Shorewall from your Netfilter
configuration, use "shorewall clear".</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><img border="0" src="images/BD21298_2.gif" width="13"
height="13">
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> The three-interface sample assumes that you want to enable routing
to/from <b>eth1 (</b>your local network) and<b> eth2 </b>(DMZ) when Shorewall
is stopped. If these two interfaces don't connect to your local network
and DMZ or if you want to enable a different set of hosts, modify /etc/shorewall/routestopped
accordingly.</p>
</div>
<div align="left">
<p align="left"><b>WARNING: </b>If you are connected to your firewall from
the internet, do not issue a "shorewall stop" command unless you have
added an entry for the IP address that you are connected from to <a
href="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</a>.
Also, I don't recommend using "shorewall restart"; it is better to create
an <i><a href="Documentation.htm#Configs">alternate configuration</a></i>
and test it using the <a href="Documentation.htm#Starting">"shorewall
try" command</a>.</p>
</div>
<p align="left"><font size="2">Last updated 9/16/2002 - <a
href="support.htm">Tom Eastep</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><a href="copyright.htm"><font size="2">Copyright 2002 Thomas
M. Eastep</font></a></p>
<br>
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