forked from extern/shorewall_code
1171 lines
50 KiB
XML
1171 lines
50 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>shorewall6-mangle</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>mangle</refname>
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<refpurpose>Shorewall Packet marking/mangling rules file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/etc/shorewall6/mangle</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>This file was introduced in Shorewall 4.6.0 and is intended to
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replace <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6-tcrules.html">shorewall6-tcrules(5)</ulink>. This file is
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only processed by the compiler if:</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
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<listitem>
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<para>No file named 'tcrules' exists on the current CONFIG_PATH (see
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<ulink url="/manpages6/shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf(5)</ulink>);
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or</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The first file named 'tcrules' found on the CONFIG_PATH contains
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no non-commentary entries.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
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classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.</para>
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<important>
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<para>Unlike rules in the <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6-rules.html">shorewall6-rules</ulink>(5) file, evaluation
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of rules in this file will continue after a match. So the final mark for
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each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule that
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matches.</para>
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<para>If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
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/etc/shorewall/providers be sure to read the restrictions at <ulink
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url="/MultiISP.html">http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink>.</para>
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</important>
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<para>The columns in the file are as follows (where the column name is
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followed by a different name in parentheses, the different name is used in
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the alternate specification syntax).</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">ACTION</emphasis> -
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<replaceable>command</replaceable>[(<replaceable>parameters</replaceable>)][:<replaceable>chain-designator</replaceable>]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The chain-specifier indicates the Netfilter chain that the
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entry applies to and may be one of the following:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>P</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>PREROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>F</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>FORWARD chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>T</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>POSTROUTING chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>I</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>INPUT chain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Unless otherwise specified for the particular
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<replaceable>command</replaceable>, the default chain is PREROUTING
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when MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf(5)</ulink>, and FORWARD
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when MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=Yes.</para>
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<para>A chain-designator may not be specified if the SOURCE or DEST
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columns begin with '$FW'. When the SOURCE is $FW, the generated rule
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is always placed in the OUTPUT chain. If DEST is '$FW', then the
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rule is placed in the INPUT chain.</para>
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<para>Where a command takes parameters, those parameters are
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enclosed in parentheses ("(....)") and separated by commas.</para>
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<para>The <replaceable>command</replaceable> may be one of the
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following.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CHECKSUM</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Compute and fill in the checksum in a packet that lacks
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a checksum. This is particularly useful if you need to work
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around old applications, such as dhcp clients, that do not
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work well with checksum offloads, but you don't want to
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disable checksum offload in your device.</para>
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<para>Requires 'Checksum Target' support in your kernel and
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iptables.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CLASSIFY(<replaceable>classid</replaceable>)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A classification Id (classid) is of the form
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<emphasis>major</emphasis>:<emphasis>minor</emphasis> where
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<emphasis>major</emphasis> and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are
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integers. Corresponds to the 'class' specification in these
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traffic shaping modules:</para>
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<programlisting> atm
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cbq
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dsmark
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pfifo_fast
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htb
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prio</programlisting>
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<para>Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except
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when the <emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> is <emphasis
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role="bold">$FW</emphasis>[:<emphasis>address</emphasis>] in
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which case classification occurs in the OUTPUT chain.</para>
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<para>When using Shorewall's built-in traffic shaping tool,
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the <emphasis>major</emphasis> class is the device number (the
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first device in <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6-tcdevices.html">shorewall6-tcdevices</ulink>(5)
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is major class 1, the second device is major class 2, and so
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on) and the <emphasis>minor</emphasis> class is the class's
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MARK value in <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6-tcclasses.html">shorewall6-tcclasses</ulink>(5)
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preceded by the number 1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class
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11, MARK 5 corresponds to minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds
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to minor class 122, etc.).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">?COMMENT</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The rest of the line will be attached as a comment to
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the Netfilter rule(s) generated by the following entries. The
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comment will appear delimited by "/* ... */" in the output of
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<command>shorewall show mangle</command></para>
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<para>To stop the comment from being attached to further
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rules, simply include COMMENT on a line by itself.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>CONMARK({mark|range})</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Identical to MARK with the exception that the mark is
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assigned to connection to which the packet belongs is marked
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rather than to the packet itself.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">CONTINUE</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Don't process any more marking rules in the
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table.</para>
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<para>Currently, CONTINUE may not be used with
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<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see the SOURCE and DEST
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columns below); that restriction will be removed when
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iptables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DIVERT</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Two DIVERT rule should precede the TPROXY rule and
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should select DEST PORT tcp 80 and SOURCE PORT tcp 80
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respectively (assuming that tcp port 80 is being proxied).
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DIVERT avoids sending packets to the TPROXY target once a
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socket connection to Squid3 has been established by TPROXY.
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DIVERT marks the packet with a unique mark and exempts it from
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any rules that follow.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis role="bold">DROP</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Causes matching packets to be discarded.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">DSCP</emphasis>(<replaceable>dscp</replaceable>)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sets the <firstterm>Differentiated Services Code
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Point</firstterm> field in the IP header. The
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<replaceable>dscp</replaceable> value may be given as an even
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number (hex or decimal) or as the name of a DSCP class. Valid
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class names and their associated hex numeric values
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are:</para>
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<programlisting> CS0 => 0x00
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CS1 => 0x08
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CS2 => 0x10
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CS3 => 0x18
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CS4 => 0x20
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CS5 => 0x28
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CS6 => 0x30
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CS7 => 0x38
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BE => 0x00
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AF11 => 0x0a
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AF12 => 0x0c
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AF13 => 0x0e
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AF21 => 0x12
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AF22 => 0x14
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AF23 => 0x16
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AF31 => 0x1a
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AF32 => 0x1c
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AF33 => 0x1e
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AF41 => 0x22
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AF42 => 0x24
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AF43 => 0x26
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EF => 0x2e</programlisting>
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<para>To indicate more than one class, add their hex values
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together and specify the result.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">IMQ</emphasis>(<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Specifies that the packet should be passed to the IMQ
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identified by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. Requires IMQ
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Target support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis
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role="bold">INLINE</emphasis>[(<replaceable>action</replaceable>)]</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Allows you to place your own ip[6]tables matches at the
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end of the line following a semicolon (";"). If an
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<replaceable>action</replaceable> is specified, the compiler
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procedes as if that <replaceable>action</replaceable> had been
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specified in this column. If no action is specified, then you
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may include your own jump ("-j
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<replaceable>target</replaceable>
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[<replaceable>option</replaceable>] ...") after any matches
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specified at the end of the rule. If the target is not one
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known to Shorewall, then it must be defined as a builtin
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action in <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6-actions.html">shorewall6-actions</ulink>
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(5).</para>
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<para>The following rules are equivalent:</para>
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<programlisting>2:P eth0 - tcp 22
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INLINE(2):P eth0 - tcp 22
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INLINE(2):P eth0 - ; -p tcp
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INLINE eth0 - tcp 22 ; -j MARK --set-mark 2
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INLINE eth0 - ; -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 2
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</programlisting>
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<para>If INLINE_MATCHES=Yes in <ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf</ulink>(5) then the
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third rule above can be specified as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>2:P eth0 - ; -p tcp</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>IPMARK</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assigns a mark to each matching packet based on the
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either the source or destination IP address. By default, it
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assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits of the
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source address. Default values are:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>src</member>
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<member><emphasis>mask1</emphasis> = 0xFF</member>
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<member><emphasis>mask2</emphasis> = 0x00</member>
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<member><emphasis>shift</emphasis> = 0</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>'src' and 'dst' specify whether the mark is to be based
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on the source or destination address respectively. The
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selected address is first shifted to the right by
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<emphasis>shift</emphasis> bits. The result is then LANDed
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with <emphasis>mask1</emphasis> then LORed with
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<emphasis>ma<emphasis>s</emphasis>k2</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>In a sense, the IPMARK target is more like an IPCLASSIFY
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target in that the mark value is later interpreted as a class
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ID. A packet mark is 32 bits wide; so is a class ID. The
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<major> class occupies the high-order 16 bits and the
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<minor> class occupies the low-order 16 bits. So the
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class ID 1:4ff (remember that class IDs are always in hex) is
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equivalent to a mark value of 0x104ff. Remember that Shorewall
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uses the interface number as the <major> number where
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the first interface in tcdevices has <major> number 1,
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the second has <major> number 2, and so on.</para>
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<para>The IPMARK target assigns a mark to each matching packet
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based on the either the source or destination IP address. By
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default, it assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits
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of the source address. The syntax is as follows:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para><option>IPMARK</option>[([{<option>src</option>|<option>dst</option>}][,[<replaceable>mask1</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>][,[<replaceable>shift</replaceable>]]]])]</para>
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</blockquote>
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<para>Default values are:</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member><option>src</option></member>
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<member><replaceable>mask1</replaceable> = 0xFF</member>
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<member><replaceable>mask2</replaceable> = 0x00</member>
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<member><replaceable>shift</replaceable> = 0</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para><option>src</option> and <option>dst</option> specify
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whether the mark is to be based on the source or destination
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address respectively. The selected address is first shifted
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right by <replaceable>shift</replaceable>, then LANDed with
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<replaceable>mask1</replaceable> and then LORed with
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<replaceable>mask2</replaceable>. The
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<replaceable>shift</replaceable> argument is intended to be
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used primarily with IPv6 addresses.</para>
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<para>Example:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>IPMARK(src,0xff,0x10100)</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>Suppose that the source IP address is 192.168.4.3
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= 0xc0a80403; then</member>
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<member>0xc0a80403 >> 0 = 0xc0a80403</member>
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<member>0xc0a80403 LAND 0xFF = 0x03</member>
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<member>0x03 LOR 0x0x10100 = 0x10103 or class ID
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1:103</member>
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</simplelist>
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</blockquote>
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<para>It is important to realize that, while class IDs are
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composed of a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> value, the set of values must
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be unique. That is, the same numeric value cannot be used as
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both a <replaceable>major</replaceable> and a
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> number for the same interface
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unless class nesting occurs (which is not currently possible
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with Shorewall). You should keep this in mind when deciding
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how to map IP addresses to class IDs.</para>
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<para>For example, suppose that your internal network is
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192.168.1.0/29 (host IP addresses 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.6).
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Your first notion might be to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10000) so
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as to produce class IDs 1:1 through 1:6. But 1:1 is an invalid
|
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class ID since the <replaceable>major</replaceable> and
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> classes are equal. So you
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might choose instead to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10100) as in the
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example above so that all of your
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<replaceable>minor</replaceable> classes will have a value
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> 256.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
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<varlistentry>
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<term>IP6TABLES({<replaceable>target</replaceable>
|
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[<replaceable>option</replaceable> ...])</term>
|
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|
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<listitem>
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<para>This action allows you to specify an iptables target
|
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with options (e.g., 'IP6TABLES(MARK --set-xmark 0x01/0xff)'.
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If the target is not one recognized by Shorewall, the
|
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following error message will be issued:</para>
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|
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<simplelist>
|
|
<member>ERROR: Unknown target
|
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(<replaceable>target</replaceable>)</member>
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</simplelist>
|
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<para>This error message may be eliminated by adding the
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<replaceable>target</replaceable> as a builtin action in
|
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<ulink
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url="/manpages6/shorewall6-actions.html">shorewall6-actions</ulink>(5).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>MARK({<replaceable>mark</replaceable>|<replaceable>range</replaceable>})</term>
|
|
|
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<listitem>
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>mark</replaceable> is a packet mark
|
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value.</para>
|
|
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<para>Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a
|
|
vertical bar ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with
|
|
the current mark value to produce a new mark value. If
|
|
preceded by an ampersand ("&"), will be logically ANDed
|
|
with the current mark value to produce a new mark
|
|
value.</para>
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|
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<para>Both "|" and "&" require Extended MARK Target
|
|
support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
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<para>The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a
|
|
mask value (used to determine those bits of the connection
|
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mark to actually be set). When a mask is specified, the result
|
|
of logically ANDing the mark value with the mask must be the
|
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same as the mark value.</para>
|
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|
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<para>A mark <replaceable>range</replaceable> is a pair of
|
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integers separated by a dash ("-").</para>
|
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<para>May be optionally followed by a slash ("/") and a mask
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|
and requires the <firstterm>Statistics Match</firstterm>
|
|
capability in iptables and kernel. Marks in the specified
|
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range are assigned to packets on a round-robin fashion.</para>
|
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<para>When a mask is specified, the result of logically ANDing
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each mark value with the mask must be the same as the mark
|
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value. The least significant bit in the mask is used as an
|
|
increment. For example, if '0x200-0x400/0xff00' is specified,
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|
then the assigned mark values are 0x200, 0x300 and 0x400 in
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|
equal proportions. If no mask is specified, then ( 2 **
|
|
MASK_BITS ) - 1 is assumed (MASK_BITS is set in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages6/shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">RESTORE</emphasis>[(/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>)]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Restore the packet's mark from the connection's mark
|
|
using the supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must
|
|
include CONNMARK support.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SAME</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Some websites run applications that require multiple
|
|
connections from a client browser. Where multiple 'balanced'
|
|
providers are configured, this can lead to problems when some
|
|
of the connections are routed through one provider and some
|
|
through another. The SAME target allows you to work around
|
|
that problem. SAME may be used in the PREROUTING and OUTPUT
|
|
chains. When used in PREROUTING, it causes matching
|
|
connections from an individual local system to all use the
|
|
same provider. For example: <programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
SAME:P 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
|
|
If a host in 192.168.1.0/24 attempts a connection on TCP port
|
|
80 or 443 and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in
|
|
the last five minutes then the new connection will use the
|
|
same provider as the connection over which that last packet
|
|
was sent.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When used in the OUTPUT chain, it causes all matching
|
|
connections to an individual remote system to all use the same
|
|
provider. For example:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
SAME $FW 0.0.0.0/0 tcp 80,443</programlisting>
|
|
If the firewall attempts a connection on TCP port 80 or 443
|
|
and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in the last
|
|
five minutes to the same remote system then the new connection
|
|
will use the same provider as the connection over which that
|
|
last packet was sent.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SAVE[(/<emphasis>mask)</emphasis>]
|
|
</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Save the packet's mark to the connection's mark using
|
|
the supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must
|
|
include CONNMARK support.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">TOS</emphasis>(<replaceable>tos</replaceable>[/<replaceable>mask</replaceable>])</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Sets the <firstterm>Type of Service</firstterm> field in
|
|
the IP header. The <replaceable>tos</replaceable> value may be
|
|
given as an number (hex or decimal) or as the name of a TOS
|
|
type. Valid type names and their associated hex numeric values
|
|
are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>Minimize-Delay => 0x10,
|
|
Maximize-Throughput => 0x08,
|
|
Maximize-Reliability => 0x04,
|
|
Minimize-Cost => 0x02,
|
|
Normal-Service => 0x00</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>To indicate more than one class, add their hex values
|
|
together and specify the result.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When <replaceable>tos</replaceable> is given as a
|
|
number, it may be optionally followed by '/' and a
|
|
<replaceable>mask</replaceable>. When no
|
|
<replaceable>mask</replaceable> is given, the value 0xff is
|
|
assumed. When <replaceable>tos</replaceable> is given as a
|
|
type name, the <replaceable>mask</replaceable> 0x3f is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The action performed is to zero out the bits specified
|
|
by the <replaceable>mask</replaceable>, then set the bits
|
|
specified by <replaceable>tos</replaceable>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis
|
|
role="bold">TPROXY</emphasis>([<replaceable>port</replaceable>][,<replaceable>address</replaceable>])</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Transparently redirects a packet without altering the IP
|
|
header. Requires a tproxy provider to be defined in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages6/shorewall6-providers.html">shorewall6-providers</ulink>(5).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are three parameters to TPROXY - neither is
|
|
required:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><replaceable>port</replaceable> - the port on which
|
|
the proxy server is listening. If omitted, the original
|
|
destination port.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><replaceable>address</replaceable> - a local (to the
|
|
firewall) IP address on which the proxy server is
|
|
listening. If omitted, the IP address of the interface on
|
|
which the request arrives.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TTL</emphasis>([<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">+</emphasis>]<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> is included,
|
|
packets matching the rule will have their TTL incremented by
|
|
<replaceable>number</replaceable>. Similarly, if <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis> is included, matching packets have
|
|
their TTL decremented by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. If
|
|
neither <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> nor <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis> is given, the TTL of matching packets
|
|
is set to <replaceable>number</replaceable>. The valid range
|
|
of values for <replaceable>number</replaceable> is
|
|
1-255.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">TTL</emphasis>([<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">+</emphasis>]<replaceable>number</replaceable>)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.4.24.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Prior to Shorewall 4.5.7.2, may be optionally followed by
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">:F</emphasis> but the resulting rule is
|
|
always added to the FORWARD chain. Beginning with Shorewall
|
|
4.5.7.s, it may be optionally followed by <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:P</emphasis>, in which case the rule is added to
|
|
the PREROUTING chain.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> is included, packets
|
|
matching the rule will have their TTL incremented by
|
|
<replaceable>number</replaceable>. Similarly, if <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis> is included, matching packets have
|
|
their TTL decremented by <replaceable>number</replaceable>. If
|
|
neither <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> nor <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis> is given, the TTL of matching packets
|
|
is set to <replaceable>number</replaceable>. The valid range of
|
|
values for <replaceable>number</replaceable> is 1-255.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}|[{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">$FW</emphasis>}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>May be:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>An interface name - matches traffic entering the firewall
|
|
on the specified interface. May not be used in classify rules or
|
|
in rules using the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or
|
|
MAC addresses. <emphasis role="bold">This form will not match
|
|
traffic that originates on the firewall itself unless either
|
|
<major><minor> or the :T chain qualifier is used in
|
|
the ACTION column.</emphasis></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Examples:<simplelist>
|
|
<member>0.0.0.0/0</member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><simplelist>
|
|
<member>192.168.1.0/24, 172.20.4.0/24</member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>An interface name followed by a colon (":") followed by a
|
|
comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or MAC
|
|
addresses. May not be used in classify rules or in rules using
|
|
the :T chain qualifier.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>$FW optionally followed by a colon (":") and a
|
|
comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses. Matches
|
|
packets originating on the firewall. May not be used with a
|
|
chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in the ACTION column.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>MAC addresses must be prefixed with "~" and use "-" as a
|
|
separator.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example: ~00-A0-C9-15-39-78</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
|
|
through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages6/shorewall6-exclusion.html">shorewall6-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">DEST</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|{<emphasis>interface</emphasis>|$FW}|[<emphasis>{interface</emphasis>|$FW}:]<emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>address-or-range</emphasis>]...}[<emphasis>exclusion</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>May be:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>An interface name. May not be used in the PREROUTING chain
|
|
(:P in the mark column or no chain qualifier and
|
|
MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages6/shorewall6.conf.html">shorewall6.conf</ulink> (5)). The
|
|
interface name may be optionally followed by a colon (":") and
|
|
an IP address list.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses.
|
|
The list may include ip address ranges if your kernel and
|
|
iptables include iprange support.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.4.13, $FW may be specified by
|
|
itself or qualified by an address list. This causes marking to
|
|
occur in the INPUT chain.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined
|
|
through use of an <emphasis>exclusion</emphasis> (see <ulink
|
|
url="/manpages6/shorewall6-exclusion.html">shorewall6-exclusion</ulink>(5)).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROTO</emphasis> - {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">{tcp:syn</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipp2p:udp</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ipp2p:all</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-number</emphasis>|<emphasis>protocol-name</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">all}[,...]}</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Protocol - <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> requires
|
|
ipp2p match support in your kernel and iptables.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.12, this column can accept a
|
|
comma-separated list of protocols.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">PORT(S)</emphasis> (dport) - [<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port
|
|
names (from services(5)), <emphasis>port number</emphasis>s or
|
|
<emphasis>port range</emphasis>s; if the protocol is <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">icmp</emphasis>, this column is interpreted as the
|
|
destination icmp-type(s). ICMP types may be specified as a numeric
|
|
type, a numeric type and code separated by a slash (e.g., 3/4), or a
|
|
typename. See <ulink
|
|
url="/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP</ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the protocol is <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis>,
|
|
this column is interpreted as an ipp2p option without the leading
|
|
"--" (example <emphasis role="bold">bit</emphasis> for bit-torrent).
|
|
If no PORT is given, <emphasis role="bold">ipp2p</emphasis> is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
|
icmp (1), tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if
|
|
any of the following field is supplied.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">SOURCE PORT(S)</emphasis> (sport) -
|
|
[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">-</emphasis>|<emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>[<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">,</emphasis><emphasis>port-name-number-or-range</emphasis>]...]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional source port(s). If omitted, any source port is
|
|
acceptable. Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port
|
|
numbers or port ranges.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>An entry in this field requires that the PROTO column specify
|
|
tcp (6), udp (17), sctp (132) or udplite (136). Use '-' if any of
|
|
the following fields is supplied.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.15, you may place '=' in this
|
|
column, provided that the DEST PORT(S) column is non-empty. This
|
|
causes the rule to match when either the source port or the
|
|
destination port in a packet matches one of the ports specified in
|
|
DEST PORTS(S). Use of '=' requires multi-port match in your iptables
|
|
and kernel.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">USER</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">!</emphasis>][<emphasis>user-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:</emphasis><emphasis>group-name-or-number</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">+</emphasis><emphasis>program-name</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This optional column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is
|
|
the firewall itself.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the
|
|
program generating the output is running under the effective
|
|
<emphasis>user</emphasis> and/or <emphasis>group</emphasis>
|
|
specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Examples:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>joe</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>program must be run by joe</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>:kids</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>program must be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
|
group</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>!:kids</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>program must not be run by a member of the 'kids'
|
|
group</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>+upnpd</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>#program named upnpd</para>
|
|
|
|
<important>
|
|
<para>The ability to specify a program name was removed from
|
|
Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.</para>
|
|
</important>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TEST</emphasis> - [<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">!</emphasis>]<emphasis>value</emphasis>[/<emphasis>mask</emphasis>][<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:C</emphasis>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional - Defines a test on the existing packet or connection
|
|
mark. The rule will match only if the test returns true.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you don't want to define a test but need to specify
|
|
anything in the following columns, place a "-" in this field.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>!</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Inverts the test (not equal)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>value</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Value of the packet or connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>mask</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">:C</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet
|
|
mark's value is tested.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">LENGTH</emphasis> -
|
|
[<emphasis>length</emphasis>|[<emphasis>min</emphasis>]<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">:</emphasis>[<emphasis>max</emphasis>]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional - packet payload length. This field, if present allow
|
|
you to match the length of a packet payload (Layer 4 data ) against
|
|
a specific value or range of values. You must have iptables length
|
|
support for this to work. A range is specified in the form
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis>:<emphasis>max</emphasis> where either
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis> or <emphasis>max</emphasis> (but not both)
|
|
may be omitted. If <emphasis>min</emphasis> is omitted, then 0 is
|
|
assumed; if <emphasis>max</emphasis> is omitted, than any packet
|
|
that is <emphasis>min</emphasis> or longer will match.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">TOS</emphasis> -
|
|
<emphasis>tos</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
|
|
match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> <emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Delay</emphasis> (16)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Throughput</emphasis> (8)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Maximize-Reliability</emphasis> (4)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Minimize-Cost</emphasis> (2)
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Normal-Service</emphasis> (0)</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">CONNBYTES</emphasis> -
|
|
[!]<emphasis>min</emphasis>:[<emphasis>max</emphasis>[:{<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">O</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">R</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">B</emphasis>}[:{<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">B</emphasis>|<emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">A</emphasis>}]]]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Optional connection Bytes; defines a byte or packet range that
|
|
the connection must fall within in order for the rule to
|
|
match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A packet matches if the the packet/byte count is within the
|
|
range defined by <emphasis>min</emphasis> and
|
|
<emphasis>max</emphasis> (unless ! is given in which case, a packet
|
|
matches if the packet/byte count is not within the range).
|
|
<emphasis>min</emphasis> is an integer which defines the beginning
|
|
of the byte/packet range. <emphasis>max</emphasis> is an integer
|
|
which defines the end of the byte/packet range; if omitted, only the
|
|
beginning of the range is checked. The first letter gives the
|
|
direction which the range refers to:<blockquote>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">O</emphasis> - The original
|
|
direction of the connection.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>- The opposite direction from the original
|
|
connection.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - The total of both
|
|
directions.</para>
|
|
</blockquote></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The second letter determines what the range refers
|
|
to.<blockquote>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> - Bytes</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">P</emphasis> - Packets</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">A</emphasis> - Average packet
|
|
size.</para>
|
|
</blockquote>If omitted, <emphasis role="bold">B</emphasis> is
|
|
assumed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">HELPER -
|
|
</emphasis><emphasis>helper</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Names a Netfilter protocol <firstterm>helper</firstterm>
|
|
module such as <option>ftp</option>, <option>sip</option>,
|
|
<option>amanda</option>, etc. A packet will match if it was accepted
|
|
by the named helper module.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example: Mark all FTP data connections with mark
|
|
4:<programlisting>#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
4:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 TCP - - - - - - - ftp</programlisting></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">PROBABILITY</emphasis> -
|
|
[<replaceable>probability</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.0. When non-empty, requires the
|
|
<firstterm>Statistics Match</firstterm> capability in your kernel
|
|
and ip6tables and causes the rule to match randomly but with the
|
|
given <replaceable>probability</replaceable>. The
|
|
<replaceable>probability</replaceable> is a number 0 <
|
|
<replaceable>probability</replaceable> <= 1 and may be expressed
|
|
at up to 8 decimal points of precision.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">DSCP -</emphasis>
|
|
[[!]<replaceable>dscp</replaceable>]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Added in Shorewall 4.5.1. When non-empty, match packets whose
|
|
<firstterm>Differentiated Service Code Point</firstterm> field
|
|
matches the supplied value (when '!' is given, the rule matches
|
|
packets whose DSCP field does not match the supplied value). The
|
|
<replaceable>dscp</replaceable> value may be given as an even number
|
|
(hex or decimal) or as the name of a DSCP class. Valid class names
|
|
and their associated hex numeric values are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> CS0 => 0x00
|
|
CS1 => 0x08
|
|
CS2 => 0x10
|
|
CS3 => 0x18
|
|
CS4 => 0x20
|
|
CS5 => 0x28
|
|
CS6 => 0x30
|
|
CS7 => 0x38
|
|
BE => 0x00
|
|
AF11 => 0x0a
|
|
AF12 => 0x0c
|
|
AF13 => 0x0e
|
|
AF21 => 0x12
|
|
AF22 => 0x14
|
|
AF23 => 0x16
|
|
AF31 => 0x1a
|
|
AF32 => 0x1c
|
|
AF33 => 0x1e
|
|
AF41 => 0x22
|
|
AF42 => 0x24
|
|
AF43 => 0x26
|
|
EF => 0x2e</programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role="bold">STATE</emphasis> -- {<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">NEW</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">RELATED</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ESTABLISHED</emphasis>|<emphasis
|
|
role="bold">INVALID</emphasis>} [,...]</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The rule will only match if the packet's connection is in one
|
|
of the listed states.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Example 1:</term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer
|
|
to peer traffic with packet mark 4.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since
|
|
the ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection
|
|
are P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
|
|
packets are determined to match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting> #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT(S) SOURCE USER TEST
|
|
# PORT(S)
|
|
MARK(1):T ::/0 ::/0 icmp echo-request
|
|
MARK(1):T ::/0 ::/0 icmp echo-reply
|
|
RESTORE:T ::/0 ::/0 all - - - 0
|
|
CONTINUE:T ::/0 ::/0 all - - - !0
|
|
MARK(4):T ::/0 ::/0 ipp2p:all
|
|
SAVE:T ::/0 ::/0 all - - - !0</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a packet hasn't been classified (packet mark is 0), copy
|
|
the connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set,
|
|
we're done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the
|
|
packet mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>/etc/shorewall6/mangle</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/traffic_shaping.htm">http://www.shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/MultiISP.html">http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/PacketMarking.html">http://www.shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink
|
|
url="/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs">http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#Pairs</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>shorewall6(8), shorewall6-accounting(5), shorewall6-actions(5),
|
|
shorewall6-blacklist(5), shorewall6-ecn(5), shorewall6-exclusion(5),
|
|
shorewall6-hosts(5), shorewall6_interfaces(5), shorewall6-ipsets(5),
|
|
shorewall6-maclist(5), shorewall6-masq(5), shorewall6-nat(5),
|
|
shorewall6-netmap(5), shorewall6-params(5), shorewall6-policy(5),
|
|
shorewall6-providers(5), shorewall6-proxyarp(5), shorewall6-rtrules(5),
|
|
shorewall6-routestopped(5), shorewall6-rules(5), shorewall6.conf(5),
|
|
shorewall6-secmarks(5), shorewall6-tcclasses(5), shorewall6-tcdevices(5),
|
|
shorewall6-tos(5), shorewall6-tunnels(5), shorewall6-zones(5)</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|