forked from extern/shorewall_code
e3a21c0865
git-svn-id: https://shorewall.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/shorewall/trunk@2064 fbd18981-670d-0410-9b5c-8dc0c1a9a2bb
384 lines
15 KiB
XML
384 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<article id="IPIP">
|
|
<!--$Id$-->
|
|
|
|
<articleinfo>
|
|
<title>Shorewall Support Guide</title>
|
|
|
|
<authorgroup>
|
|
<author>
|
|
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
|
|
|
|
<surname>Eastep</surname>
|
|
</author>
|
|
</authorgroup>
|
|
|
|
<pubdate>2005-04-20</pubdate>
|
|
|
|
<copyright>
|
|
<year>2001-2005</year>
|
|
|
|
<holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
|
|
</copyright>
|
|
|
|
<legalnotice>
|
|
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
|
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
|
|
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
|
|
no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
|
|
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
|
|
<quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation
|
|
License</ulink></quote>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<important>
|
|
<para>Problem reports that do not include the information requested in
|
|
the <link linkend="Guidelines">Problem Reporting Guidelines</link>
|
|
below will not be answered by the Shorewall author.</para>
|
|
</important>
|
|
</legalnotice>
|
|
</articleinfo>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Before Reporting a Problem or Asking a Question</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are a number of sources of Shorewall information. Please try
|
|
these before you post.</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The two currently-supported Shorewall <ulink
|
|
url="ReleaseModel.html">major releases</ulink> are 2.0 and 2.2.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>Shorewall versions earlier than 2.0.0 are no longer supported;
|
|
we will only answer your question if it deals with upgrading from
|
|
these old releases to a current one.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>More than half of the questions posted on the support list have
|
|
answers directly accessible from the <ulink
|
|
url="Documentation_Index.html">Documentation Index</ulink></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <ulink url="FAQ.htm">FAQ</ulink> has solutions to more than
|
|
40 common problems.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <ulink url="troubleshoot.htm">Troubleshooting
|
|
Information</ulink> contains a number of tips to help you solve common
|
|
problems.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <ulink url="errata.htm">Errata</ulink> has links to download
|
|
updated components.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <ulink url="http://shorewall.net/search.html">Search
|
|
facility</ulink> can locate documents and posts about similar
|
|
problems:</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id="Guidelines">
|
|
<title>Problem Reporting Guidelines</title>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>When reporting a problem, <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">ALWAYS</emphasis> include this information:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If your problem is that an <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">error</emphasis> occurs when you try to
|
|
<quote><command>shorewall start</command></quote>, then
|
|
please:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<programlisting><command>/sbin/shorewall trace start 2> /tmp/trace</command></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Forward the <filename>/tmp/trace</filename> file as an
|
|
attachment (you may compress it if you like).</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Otherwise, if you are unsure if Shorewall is starting
|
|
successfully on not then first note that if Shorewall starts
|
|
successfully, the last message it produces is "Shorewall
|
|
Started":</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<programlisting>…
|
|
Activating Rules...
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Shorewall Started</emphasis>
|
|
gateway:~#</programlisting>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are seeing this message then Shorewall is starting
|
|
successfully.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are still unsure if Shorewall is starting or not,
|
|
enter the following command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<programlisting><command>/sbin/shorewall show shorewall</command></programlisting>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>If Shorewall has started successfully, you will see output
|
|
similar to this:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<programlisting>Shorewall-2.2.3 Chain shorewall at gateway - Wed Apr 20 14:41:53 PDT 2005
|
|
|
|
Counters reset Sat Apr 16 17:35:06 PDT 2005
|
|
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">Chain shorewall (0 references)
|
|
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>If Shorewall has not started properly, you will see output
|
|
similar to this:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<programlisting>Shorewall-2.2.3 Chain shorewall at gateway - Wed Apr 20 14:43:13 PDT 2005
|
|
|
|
Counters reset Sat Apr 16 17:35:06 PDT 2005
|
|
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">iptables: No chain/target/match by that name</emphasis>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you get this result after you have tried to start
|
|
Shorewall, please produce a trace and forward it to the list as
|
|
instructed above.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Otherwise, if your problem is that some set of <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">connection</emphasis>s to/from or through your
|
|
firewall <emphasis role="bold">isn't working</emphasis> (examples:
|
|
local systems can't access the internet, you can't send email
|
|
through the firewall, you can't surf the web from the firewall,
|
|
etc.) then please perform the following four steps:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If Shorewall isn't started then <command>/sbin/shorewall
|
|
start</command>. Otherwise <command>/sbin/shorewall
|
|
reset</command>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Try making the connection that is failing.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><command>/sbin/shorewall status >
|
|
/tmp/status.txt</command></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Post the <filename>/tmp/status.txt</filename> file as an
|
|
attachment (you may compress it if you like).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Otherwise please include the following
|
|
information:<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the exact version of Shorewall you are running.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting><emphasis role="bold">/sbin/shorewall version</emphasis></programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the complete exact output of</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting><command>ip addr show</command></programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the complete exact output of</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting><command>ip route show</command></programlisting>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please include the exact wording of any ping failure
|
|
responses</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">If you installed Shorewall using one
|
|
of the QuickStart Guides, please indicate which one</emphasis>.
|
|
<emphasis role="bold">If you did not use one of the QuickStart
|
|
Guides, please say so</emphasis>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please remember we only know what is posted in your message. Do
|
|
not leave out any information that appears to be correct, or was
|
|
mentioned in a previous post. There have been countless posts by
|
|
people who were sure that some part of their configuration was correct
|
|
when it actually contained a small error. We tend to be skeptics where
|
|
detail is lacking.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please keep in mind that you're asking for <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">free</emphasis> technical support. Any help we offer is an
|
|
act of generosity, not an obligation. Try to make it easy for us to
|
|
help you. Follow good, courteous practices in writing and formatting
|
|
your e-mail. Provide details that we need if you expect good answers.
|
|
Exact quoting of error messages, log entries, command output, and
|
|
other output is better than a paraphrase or summary.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please give details about what doesn't work. Reports that say
|
|
<quote>I followed the directions and it didn't work</quote> will
|
|
elicit sympathy but probably little in the way of help. Again -- if
|
|
ping from A to B fails, say so (and see below for information about
|
|
reporting <quote>ping</quote> problems). If Computer B doesn't show up
|
|
in <quote>Network Neighborhood</quote> then say so. If access by IP
|
|
address works but by DNS names it doesn't then say so.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please don't describe your environment and then ask us to send
|
|
you custom configuration files. We're here to answer your questions
|
|
but we can't do your job for you.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please do NOT include the output of <command>iptables
|
|
-L</command> — the output of <emphasis role="bold">shorewall
|
|
show</emphasis> or <command>shorewall status</command> is much more
|
|
useful.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>As a general matter, <emphasis role="bold">please do not edit
|
|
the diagnostic information</emphasis> in an attempt to conceal your IP
|
|
address, netmask, nameserver addresses, domain name, etc. These aren't
|
|
secrets, and concealing them often misleads us (and 80% of the time, a
|
|
hacker could derive them anyway from information contained in the SMTP
|
|
headers of your post).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Do you see any <quote>Shorewall</quote> messages
|
|
(<quote><command>/sbin/shorewall show log</command></quote>) when you
|
|
exercise the function that is giving you problems? If so, include the
|
|
message(s) in your post along with a copy of your
|
|
/etc/shorewall/interfaces file (and /etc/shorewall/hosts file if you
|
|
have entries in that file).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Please include any of the Shorewall configuration files
|
|
(especially the /etc/shorewall/hosts file if you have modified that
|
|
file) that you think are relevant. If you include
|
|
/etc/shorewall/rules, please include /etc/shorewall/policy as well
|
|
(rules are meaningless unless one also knows the policies).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">The list server limits posts to 120kb so
|
|
don't post graphics of your network layout, etc. to the Mailing List
|
|
-- your post will be rejected</emphasis>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The author gratefully acknowleges that the above list was
|
|
heavily plagiarized from the excellent LEAF document by <emphasis>Ray
|
|
Olszewski</emphasis> found at <ulink
|
|
url="http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1891.html">http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1891.html</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>When using the mailing list, please post in plain text</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>A growing number of MTAs serving list subscribers are rejecting all
|
|
HTML traffic. At least one MTA has gone so far as to blacklist
|
|
shorewall.net <quote>for continuous abuse</quote> because it has been my
|
|
policy to allow HTML in list posts!!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>I think that blocking all HTML is a Draconian way to control spam
|
|
and that the ultimate losers here are not the spammers but the list
|
|
subscribers whose MTAs are bouncing all shorewall.net mail. As one list
|
|
subscriber wrote to me privately <quote>These e-mail admin's need to get a
|
|
(expletive deleted) life instead of trying to rid the planet of HTML based
|
|
e-mail</quote>. Nevertheless, to allow subscribers to receive list posts
|
|
as must as possible, I have now configured the list server at
|
|
shorewall.net to convert all HTML to plain text. These converted posts are
|
|
difficult to read so all of us will appreciate it if you just post in
|
|
plain text to begin with.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Where to Send your Problem Report or to Ask for Help</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">If you run the current development release and
|
|
your question involves a feature that is only available in the development
|
|
release</emphasis> (see the <ulink url="ReleaseModel.html">Shorewall
|
|
Release Model page</ulink>) -- please post your question or problem to the
|
|
<ulink url="mailto:shorewall-devel@lists.shorewall.net">Shorewall
|
|
Development Mailing List</ulink>. <emphasis
|
|
role="bold">IMPORTANT</emphasis>: You must subscribe to the list before
|
|
you will be able to post to it (see link below).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis role="bold">If you run Shorewall under MandrakeSoft Multi
|
|
Network Firewall (MNF) and you have not purchased an MNF license from
|
|
MandrakeSoft then you can post non MNF-specific Shorewall questions to the
|
|
<ulink url="mailto:shorewall-users@lists.shorewall.net">Shorewall users
|
|
mailing list</ulink>. Do not expect to get free MNF support on the
|
|
list</emphasis>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Otherwise, please post your question or problem to the <ulink
|
|
url="mailto:shorewall-users@lists.shorewall.net">Shorewall users mailing
|
|
list</ulink>. <emphasis role="bold">IMPORTANT</emphasis>: You must
|
|
subscribe to the list before you will be able to post to it (see link
|
|
below).</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Subscribing to the Users Mailing List</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>To Subscribe to the users mailing list go to <ulink
|
|
url="https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users">https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-users</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Subscribing to the Development Mailing List</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>To Subscribe to the development mailing list go to <ulink
|
|
url="https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel">https://lists.shorewall.net/mailman/listinfo/shorewall-devel</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section>
|
|
<title>Other Mailing Lists</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For information on other Shorewall mailing lists, go to <ulink
|
|
url="http://lists.shorewall.net">http://lists.shorewall.net</ulink>
|
|
.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</article> |