shorewall_code/Shorewall-docs2/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.xml

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  <!--$Id$-->

  <articleinfo>
    <title>Operating Shorewall</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Tom</firstname>

        <surname>Eastep</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate>2004-08-01</pubdate>

    <copyright>
      <year>2004</year>

      <holder>Thomas M. Eastep</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
      1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with
      no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover
      Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
      <quote><ulink url="GnuCopyright.htm">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink></quote>.</para>
    </legalnotice>
  </articleinfo>

  <section>
    <title>Operational Components</title>

    <para>There are a number of files that comprise the operational components
    of Shorewall.</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><filename>/sbin/shorewall</filename> ̶ The program that you use
        to interact with Shorewall. Normally the root user&#39;s PATH includes
        <filename>/sbin</filename> and the program can be run from a shell
        prompt by simply typing <command>shorewall</command> followed by a
        command. To see a list of supported commands, use the
        <command>help</command> command:</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall help</command></programlisting>

        <para>To get further information about a particular command, follow
        <command>help</command> by the command:</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall help start</command></programlisting>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><filename>/etc/shorewall</filename> ̶ The default directory
        where Shorewall looks for configuration files. See the section
        entitled <link linkend="AltConfig">Alternate Configuration Directories</link>
        for information about how you can direct Shorewall to look in other
        directories.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><filename>/etc/init.d/shorewall</filename> (<filename>/etc/rc.d/firewall.rc</filename>
        on Slackware) ̶ The script run by <command>init</command> (the program
        responsible for startup and shutdown of your system) to start
        Shorewall at boot time and to stop Shorewall at shutdown.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><filename>/usr/share/shorewall/firewall</filename> ̶ The program
        responsible for configuring Netfilter based on your configuration
        files.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><filename>/usr/share/shorewall/functions</filename> ̶ A library
        of Bourne Shell functions used by both<filename> /sbin/shorewall</filename>
        and <filename>/usr/share/shorewall/firewall</filename>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Starting, Stopping and Clearing</title>

    <para>As explained in the <ulink url="Introduction.html">Introduction</ulink>,
    Shorewall is not something that runs all of the time in your system.
    Nevertheless, for integrating Shorewall into your initialization scripts
    it is useful to speak of <firstterm>starting</firstterm> Shorewall and
    <emphasis>stopping</emphasis> Shorewall.</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Shorewall is started using the <command>shorewall start</command>
        command. Once the start command completes successfully, Netfilter is
        configured as described in your Shorewall configuration files. If
        there is an error during <command>shorewall start</command>, then if
        you have a <firstterm>saved configuration</firstterm> then that
        configuration is restored. Otherwise, an implicit <command>shorewall
        stop</command> is executed.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Shorewall is stopped using the <command>shorewall stop</command>
        command.</para>

        <important>
          <para>The <command>shorewall stop</command> command does not remove
          all netfilter rules and open your firewall for all traffic to pass.
          It rather places your firewall in a safe state defined by the
          contents of your <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</ulink>
          file and the setting of ADMINISABSENTMINDED in <ulink
          url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>.</para>
        </important>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If you want to remove all Netfilter rules and open your firewall
        for all traffic to pass, use the <command>shorewall clear</command>
        command.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>If you change your configuration and want to install the
        changes, use the <command>shorewall restart </command>command.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>For additional information, see the<link linkend="State"> Shorewall
    State Diagram</link> section.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Tracing Command Execution</title>

    <para>If you include the word <emphasis role="bold">trace</emphasis> as
    the first parameter to <filename>an /sbin/shorewall</filename> command
    that transfers control to <filename>/usr/share/shorewall/firewall</filename>,
    execution of the latter program will be traced to STDERR.</para>

    <example>
      <title>Tracing <command>shorewall start</command></title>

      <para>To trace the execution of <command>shorewall start</command> and
      write the trace to the file <filename>/tmp/trace</filename>, you would
      enter:<programlisting><command>shorewall trace start 2&#62; /tmp/trace</command></programlisting></para>
    </example>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Having Shorewall Start Automatically at Boot Time</title>

    <para>The .rpm, .deb and .tgz all try to configure your startup scripts so
    that Shorewall will start automatically at boot time. If you are using the
    <command>install.sh </command>script from the .tgz and it cannot determine
    how to configure automatic startup, a message to that effect will be
    displayed. You will need to consult your distribution&#39;s documentation
    to see how to integrate the <filename>/etc/init.d/shorewall</filename>
    script into the distribution&#39;s startup mechanism.<caution><itemizedlist><listitem><para>Shorewall
    startup is disabled by default. Once you have configured your firewall,
    you can enable startup by removing the file <filename>/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled</filename>.
    Note: Users of the .deb package must edit <filename>/etc/default/shorewall</filename>
    and set <quote>startup=1</quote>.</para></listitem><listitem><para>If you
    use dialup or some flavor of PPP where your IP address can change
    arbitrarily, you may want to start the firewall in your
    <command>/etc/ppp/ip-up.local</command> script. I recommend just placing
    <quote><command>/sbin/shorewall restart</command></quote> in that script.</para></listitem></itemizedlist></caution></para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Saving a Working Configuration for Error Recovery and Fast Startup</title>

    <para>Once you have Shorewall working the way that you want it to, you can
    use <command>shorewall save</command> to <firstterm>save</firstterm> the
    commands necessary to recreate that configuration in a
    <firstterm>restore script</firstterm>.</para>

    <para>In its simplest form, the save command is just:</para>

    <programlisting><command>shorewall save</command></programlisting>

    <para>That command creates the default restore script,
    <filename>/var/lib/shorewall/restore</filename>. The default may be
    changed using the RESTOREFILE option in <ulink
    url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>. A
    different file name may also be specified in the specified in the
    <command>save</command> command:</para>

    <programlisting><command>shorewall save &#60;filename&#62;</command></programlisting>

    <para>Where &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62; is a simple file name
    (no slashes).</para>

    <para>Once created, the default restore script serves several useful
    purposes:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>If you change your configuration and there is an error when you
        try to restart Shorewall, the restore script will be run to restore
        your firewall to working order.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Bootup is faster. The -f option of the start command (e.g.,
        <command>shorewall -f start</command>) causes Shorewall to look for
        the default restore script and if it exists, the script is run. This
        is much faster than starting Shorewall using the normal mechanism of
        reading the configuration files and running <command>iptables</command>
        dozens or even hundreds of times. <filename>/etc/init.d/shorewall</filename>
        (<filename>/etc/rc.d/firewall.rc</filename>) uses the -f option when
        it is processing a request to start Shorewall.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>The <command>shorewall restore</command> command can be used at
        any time to quickly configure the firewall.</para>

        <programlisting><command>shorewall restore [ &#60;filename&#62; ]</command></programlisting>

        <para>If no &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62; is given, the
        default restore script is used. Otherwise, the script
        <filename>/var/lib/shorewall/&#60;filename&#62;</filename> is used.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>The ability to have multiple restore scripts means that you can save
    different Shorewall firewall configurations and switch between them
    quickly using the <command>restore</command> command.</para>

    <para>Restore scripts may be removed using the <command>shorewall forget</command>
    command:</para>

    <programlisting><command>shorewall forget [ &#60;filename&#62; ]</command></programlisting>

    <para>If no &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62; is given, the default
    restore script is removed. Otherwise, <filename>/var/lib/shorewall/&#60;filename&#62;</filename>
    is removed (of course, you can also use the Linux <command>rm</command>
    command from the shell prompt to remove these files).</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title id="AltConfig">Alternate Configuration Directories</title>

    <para>As explained above, Shorewall normally looks for configuration files
    in the directory <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>.
    The <command>shorewall start</command>, <command>shorewall restart</command>,
    <command>shorewall check</command>, and <command>shorewall try </command>commands
    allow you to specify a different directory for Shorewall to check before
    looking in <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>:</para>

    <programlisting>     <command>shorewall [ -c &#60;configuration-directory&#62; ] {start|restart|check}</command>
     <command>shorewall try &#60;configuration-directory&#62; [ &#60;timeout&#62; ]</command></programlisting>

    <para>If a <emphasis>&#60;configuration-directory</emphasis>&#62; is
    specified, each time that Shorewall is going to use a file in <filename
    class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename> it will first look in the<emphasis>
    &#60;configuration-directory&#62;</emphasis> . If the file is present in
    the <emphasis>&#60;configuration-directory&#62;,</emphasis> that file will
    be used; otherwise, the file in <filename class="directory">/etc/shorewall</filename>
    will be used. When changing the configuration of a production firewall, I
    recommend the following:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>If you haven&#39;t saved the current working configuration, do
        so using <command>shorewall save</command>.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>mkdir /etc/test</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>cd /etc/test</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>&#60;copy any files that you need to change from /etc/shorewall
        to . and change them here&#62;</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>shorewall -c ./ check</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>&#60;correct any errors found by check and check again&#62;</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>shorewall try ./</command></para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>If the configuration starts but doesn&#39;t work, just
    <quote>shorewall restart</quote> to restore the old configuration. If the
    new configuration fails to start, the <quote>try</quote> command will
    automatically restore your configuration.</para>

    <para>When the new configuration works then just:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><command>cp -f * /etc/shorewall</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>cd</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>rm -rf /etc/test</command></para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><command>shorewall save</command></para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Command Reference</title>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>add</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall add &#60;interface&#62;[:&#60;host&#62;]
          &#60;zone&#62;</command></para>

          <para>Adds a host or subnet to a dynamic zone usually used with
          VPN&#39;s.</para>

          <para>Example: <command>shorewall add ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</command></para>

          <para>adds the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 to the zone
          vpn1.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>allow</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall allow &#60;address&#62; ...</command></para>

          <para>Re-enables receipt of packets from hosts previously
          blacklisted by a drop or reject command.</para>

          <para>Shorewall allow, drop, rejct and save implement dynamic
          blacklisting.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>check</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [ -c &#60;configuration-directory&#62; ]
          check</command></para>

          <para>Performs a cursory validation of the zones, interfaces, hosts,
          rules and policy files. Use this if you are unsure of any edits you
          have made to the shorewall configuration. See <link
          linkend="AltConfig">above</link> for a recommended way to make
          changes.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>clear</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall clear</command></para>

          <para>Clear will remove all rules and chains installed by Shorewall.
          The firewall is then wide open and unprotected. Existing connections
          are untouched. Clear is often used to see if the firewall is causing
          connection problems.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>delete</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall delete &#60;interface&#62;[:&#60;host&#62;]
          &#60;zone&#62;</command></para>

          <para>Deletes the specified interface (and host if included) from
          the specified zone.</para>

          <para>Example:</para>

          <para><command>shorewall delete ipsec0:192.0.2.24 vpn1</command></para>

          <para>deletes the address 192.0.2.24 from interface ipsec0 from zone
          vpn1</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>drop</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall drop &#60;address&#62; ...</command></para>

          <para>Causes packets from the specified &#60;<emphasis>address</emphasis>&#62;
          to be ignored</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>forget</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall forget [ &#60;filename&#62; ]</command></para>

          <para>Deletes<filename> /var/lib/shorewall/&#60;filename&#62;</filename>.
          If no &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62; is given then the file
          specified by RESTOREFILE in <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>
          is removed.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>help</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall help [&#60;command&#62; | host | address ]</command></para>

          <para>Display helpful information about the shorewall commands.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>hits</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>hits</command></para>

          <para>Produces several reports about the Shorewall packet log
          messages in the current log file specified by the LOGFILE option in
          <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>ipcalc</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall ipcalc [ &#60;address&#62; &#60;mask&#62; |
          &#60;address&#62;/&#60;vlsm&#62; ]</command></para>

          <para>Ipcalc displays the network address, broadcast address,
          network in CIDR notation and netmask corresponding to the input[s].</para>

          <para>Example:</para>

          <para><command>ipcalc 192.168.1.0/24</command></para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>iprange</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall iprange
          &#60;address1&#62;-&#60;address2&#62;</command></para>

          <para>Iprange decomposes the specified range of IP addresses into
          the equivalent list of network/host addresses.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>logwatch</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall logwatch [&#60;refresh interval&#62;]</command></para>

          <para>Monitors the log file specified by theLOGFILE option in <ulink
          url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>
          and produces an audible alarm when new Shorewall messages are
          logged.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>monitor</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [-x] monitor [&#60;refresh_interval&#62;]</command></para>

          <para>Continuously display the firewall status, last 20 log entries
          and nat. When the log entry display changes, an audible alarm is
          sounded.</para>

          <para>When -x is given, that option is also passed to iptables to
          display actual packet and byte counts.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>refresh</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall refresh: [ -q ] refresh</command></para>

          <para>The rules involving the broadcast addresses of firewall
          interfaces, the black list, traffic control rules and ECN control
          rules are recreated to reflect any changes made to your
          configuration files. Existing connections are untouched If -q is
          specified, less detain is displayed making it easier to spot
          warnings.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>reject</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall reject &#60;address&#62; ...</command></para>

          <para>Causes packets from the specified &#60;<emphasis>address</emphasis>&#62;s
          to be rejected</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>reset</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall reset</command></para>

          <para>All the packet and byte counters in the firewall are reset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>restart</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [ -q ] [ -c
          &#60;configuration-directory&#62; ] restart</command></para>

          <para>Restart is similar to <command>shorewall stop</command>
          followed by <command>shorewall start</command>. Existing connections
          are maintained. If -q is specified, less detail is displayed making
          it easier to spot warnings</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>restore</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [ -q ] restore [ &#60;filename&#62; ]</command></para>

          <para>Restore Shorewall to a state saved using the
          <command>shorewall save</command> command Existing connections are
          maintained. The &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62; names a
          restore file in <filename class="directory">/var/lib/shorewall</filename>
          created using <command>shorewall save</command>; if no &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62;
          is given then Shorewall will be restored from the file specified by
          the RESTOREFILE option in <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>save</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall save [ &#60;filename&#62; ]</command></para>

          <para>The dynamic data is stored in /var/lib/shorewall/save. The
          state of the firewall is stored in <filename>/var/lib/shorewall/&#60;filename&#62;</filename>
          for use by the <command>shorewall restore</command> and
          <command>shorewall -f start</command> commands. If &#60;<emphasis>filename</emphasis>&#62;
          is not given then the state is saved in the file specified by the
          RESTOREFILE option in <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>show</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [ -x ] show [ &#60;chain&#62; [
          &#60;chain&#62; ...] |classifiers|connections|log|nat|tc|tos]</command></para>

          <para><command>shorewall [ -x ] show &#60;chain&#62; [
          &#60;chain&#62; ... ] </command> - produce a verbose report about
          the Netfilter chain(s). (<command>iptables -L chain -n -v</command>)</para>

          <para><command>shorewall [ -x ] show nat</command> - produce a
          verbose report about the nat table. (<command>iptables -t nat -L -n
          -v</command>)</para>

          <para><command>shorewall [ -x ] show tos</command> - produce a
          verbose report about the mangle table. (<command>iptables -t mangle
          -L -n -v</command>)</para>

          <para><command>shorewall show log</command> - display the last 20
          packet log entries.</para>

          <para><command>shorewall show connections</command> - displays the
          IP connections currently being tracked by the firewall.</para>

          <para><command>shorewall show classifiers</command> - displays
          information about the traffic control/shaping classifiers.</para>

          <para><command>shorewall show tc</command> - displays information
          about the traffic control/shaping configuration.</para>

          <para>When -x is given, that option is also passed to iptables to
          display actual packet and byte counts.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>start</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [ -q ] [ -f ] [ -c
          &#60;configuration-directory&#62; ] start</command></para>

          <para>Start shorewall. Existing connections through shorewall
          managed interfaces are untouched. New connections will be allowed
          only if they are allowed by the firewall rules or policies. If -q is
          specified, less detail is displayed making it easier to spot
          warnings If -f is specified, the saved configuration specified by
          the RESTOREFILE option in <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>
          will be restored if that saved configuration exists</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>stop</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall stop</command></para>

          <para>Stops the firewall. All existing connections, except those
          listed in <filename><ulink url="Documentation.htm#Routestopped">/etc/shorewall/routestopped</ulink></filename>
          or permitted by the ADMINISABSENTMINDED option in <ulink
          url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>,
          are taken down. The only new traffic permitted through the firewall
          is from systems listed in <filename>/etc/shorewall/routestopped</filename>
          or by ADMINISABSENTMINDED.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>status</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall [ -x ] status</command></para>

          <para>Produce a verbose report about the firewall.</para>

          <para>When -x is given, that option is also passed to iptables to
          display actual packet and byte counts.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>try</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall try &#60;configuration-directory&#62; [
          &#60;timeout&#62; ]</command></para>

          <para>Restart shorewall using the specified configuration. If an
          error occurs during the restart, then another shorewall restart is
          performed using the default configuration. If a timeout is specified
          then the restart is always performed after the timeout occurs and
          uses the default configuration.</para>

          <para>When restarting using the default configuration, if the
          default restore script (as specified by the RESTOREFILE setting in
          <ulink url="Documentation.htm#Conf">/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf</ulink>)
          exists. then that script is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>version</term>

        <listitem>
          <para><command>shorewall version</command></para>

          <para>Show the current shorewall version</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </section>

  <section id="State">
    <title>Shorewall State Diagram</title>

    <para>The Shorewall State Diargram is depicted below.</para>

    <para><graphic align="center" fileref="images/State_Diagram.png" /></para>

    <para>You will note that the commands that result in state transitions use
    the word <quote>firewall</quote> rather than <quote>shorewall</quote>.
    That is because the actual transitions are done by <command>/usr/share/shorewall/firewall</command>;
    <command>/sbin/shorewall</command> runs <quote>firewall</quote> according
    to the following table:</para>

    <informaltable>
      <tgroup cols="3">
        <thead>
          <row>
            <entry align="center">/sbin/shorewall Command</entry>

            <entry align="center">Resulting /usr/share/shorewall/firewall
            Command</entry>

            <entry align="center">Effect if the Command Succeeds</entry>
          </row>
        </thead>

        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>shorewall start</entry>

            <entry>firewall start</entry>

            <entry>The system filters packets based on your current Shorewall
            Configuration</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall stop</entry>

            <entry>firewall stop</entry>

            <entry>Only traffic to/from hosts listed in /etc/shorewall/hosts
            is passed to/from/through the firewall. For Shorewall versions
            beginning with 1.4.7, if ADMINISABSENTMINDED=Yes in
            /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf then in addition, all existing
            connections are retained and all connection requests from the
            firewall are accepted.</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall restart</entry>

            <entry>firewall restart</entry>

            <entry>Logically equivalent to <quote>firewall stop;firewall start</quote></entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall add</entry>

            <entry>firewall add</entry>

            <entry>Adds a host or subnet to a dynamic zone</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall delete</entry>

            <entry>firewall delete</entry>

            <entry>Deletes a host or subnet from a dynamic zone</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall refresh</entry>

            <entry>firewall refresh</entry>

            <entry>Reloads rules dealing with static blacklisting, traffic
            control and ECN.</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall reset</entry>

            <entry>firewall reset</entry>

            <entry>Resets traffic counters</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall clear</entry>

            <entry>firewall clear</entry>

            <entry>Removes all Shorewall rules, chains, addresses, routes and
            ARP entries.</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry>shorewall try</entry>

            <entry>firewall -c &#60;new configuration&#62; restart If
            unsuccessful then firewall start (standard configuration) If
            timeout then firewall restart (standard configuration)</entry>

            <entry></entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
  </section>
</article>