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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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all:
install:
install -d $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/etc/cron.d
install etc/zfs-auto-snapshot.cron $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/etc/cron.d/zfs-auto-snapshot
install -d $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/sbin
install src/zfs-auto-snapshot.sh $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/sbin/zfs-auto-snapshot

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An alternative implementation of the zfs-auto-snapshot service for Linux.
This program is a posixly correct bourne shell script. It depends only on
the zfs utilities and cron, and can run in the dash shell.

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PATH="/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
OPTIONS="--quiet --syslog"
* */4 * * * root zfs-auto-snapshot $OPTIONS --label=frequent --keep=4 //
@hourly root zfs-auto-snapshot $OPTIONS --label=hourly --keep=24 //
@daily root zfs-auto-snapshot $OPTIONS --label=daily --keep=31 //
@weekly root zfs-auto-snapshot $OPTIONS --label=weekly --keep=4 //
@monthly root zfs-auto-snapshot $OPTIONS --label=monthly --keep=12 //

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#!/bin/sh
# zfs-auto-snapshot for Linux
# Automatically create, rotate, and destroy periodic ZFS snapshots.
# Copyright 2011 Darik Horn <dajhorn@vanadac.com>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
# Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
# version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
# this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
# Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
#
# Set the field separator to a literal tab and newline.
IFS="
"
# Set default program options.
opt_backup_full=''
opt_backup_incremental=''
opt_default_exclude=''
opt_dry_run=''
opt_keep=''
opt_label=''
opt_prefix='zfs-auto-snap'
opt_recursive=''
opt_sep='_'
opt_setauto=''
opt_syslog=''
opt_skip_scrub=''
opt_verbose=''
print_usage ()
{
echo "Usage: $0 [options] [-l label] <'//' | name [name...]>
--default-exclude Exclude objects if com.sun:auto-snapshot is unset.
-d, --debug Print debugging messages.
-n, --dry-run Print actions without actually doing anything.
-s, --skip-scrub Do not snapshot filesystems in scrubbing pools.
-h, --help Print this usage message.
-k, --keep=NUM Keep NUM recent snapshots and destroy older snapshots.
-l, --label=LAB LAB is usually 'hourly', 'daily', or 'monthly'.
-p, --prefix=PRE PRE is 'zfs-auto-snap' by default.
-q, --quiet Suppress warnings and notices at the console.
--send-full=F Send zfs full backup. Unimplemented.
--send-incr=F Send zfs incremental backup. Unimplemented.
--sep=CHAR Use CHAR to separate date stamps in snapshot names.
-g, --syslog Write messages into the system log.
-r, --recursive Snapshot named filesystem and all descendants.
-v, --verbose Print info messages.
name Filesystem and volume names, or '//' for all ZFS objects.
"
}
print_log () # level, message, ...
{
LEVEL=$1
shift 1
case $LEVEL in
(eme*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.emerge $*
echo Emergency: $* 1>&2
;;
(ale*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.alert $*
echo Alert: $* 1>&2
;;
(cri*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.crit $*
echo Critical: $* 1>&2
;;
(err*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.err $*
echo Error: $* 1>&2
;;
(war*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.warning $*
test -z "$opt_quiet" && echo Warning: $* 1>&2
;;
(not*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.notice $*
test -z "$opt_quiet" && echo $*
;;
(inf*)
# test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.info $*
test -n "$opt_verbose" && echo $*
;;
(deb*)
# test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" -p daemon.debug $*
test -n "$opt_debug" && echo Debug: $*
;;
(*)
test -n "$opt_syslog" && logger -t "$opt_prefix" $*
echo $* 1>&2
;;
esac
}
do_run ()
{
if [ -n "$opt_dry_run" ]
then
echo $*
RC="$?"
else
eval $*
RC="$?"
if [ "$RC" -eq 0 ]
then
print_log debug "$*"
else
print_log warning "$* returned $RC"
fi
fi
return "$RC"
}
# main ()
# {
DATE=$(date +%F-%H%M)
GETOPT=$(getopt \
--longoptions=default-exclude,dry-run,skip-scrub,recursive \
--longoptions=keep:,label:,prefix:,sep: \
--longoptions=debug,help,quiet,syslog,verbose \
--options=dnshl:k:rs:gv \
-- "$@" ) \
|| exit 1
eval set -- "$GETOPT"
while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
(-d|--debug)
opt_debug=1
opt_quiet=''
opt_verbose=1
shift 1
;;
(--default-exclude)
opt_default_exclude='1'
shift 1
;;
(-n|--dry-run)
opt_dry_run='1'
shift 1
;;
(-s|--skip-scrub)
opt_skip_scrub=1
shift 1
;;
(-h|--help)
print_usage
exit 0
;;
(-k|--keep)
if ! test "$2" -gt 0 2>/dev/null
then
print_log error "The $1 parameter must be a positive integer."
exit 2
fi
opt_keep="$2"
shift 2
;;
(-l|--label)
opt_label="$2"
shift 2
;;
(-p|--prefix)
# @TODO: Parameter validation. See --sep below for the regex.
opt_prefix="$2"
;;
(-q|--quiet)
opt_debug=''
opt_quiet='1'
opt_verbose=''
shift 1
;;
(-r|--recursive)
opt_recursive=1
shift 1
;;
(--sep)
case "$2" in
([[:alnum:]_-.:\ ])
:
;;
('')
print_log error "The $1 parameter must be non-empty."
exit 3
;;
(*)
print_log error "The $1 parameter must be one alphanumeric character."
exit 4
;;
esac
opt_sep="$2"
shift 2
;;
(-g|--syslog)
opt_syslog=1
shift 1
;;
(-v|--verbose)
opt_quiet=''
opt_verbose=1
shift 1
;;
(--)
shift 1
break
;;
esac
done
if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]
then
print_log error "The filesystem argument list is empty."
exit 5
fi
# Count the number of times '//' appears on the command line.
SLASHIES='0'
for ii in "$@"
do
test "$ii" = '//' && SLASHIES=$(( $SLASHIES + 1 ))
done
if [ "$#" -gt 1 -a "$SLASHIES" -gt 0 ]
then
print_log error "The // must be the only argument if it is given."
exit 6
fi
# These are the only times that `zpool status` or `zfs list` are invoked, so
# this program for Linux has a much better runtime complexity than the similar
# Solaris implementation.
ZPOOL_STATUS=$(env LC_ALL=C zpool status 2>&1 ) \
|| { print_log error "zpool status $?: $ZPOOL_STATUS"; exit 7; }
ZFS_LIST=$(env LC_ALL=C zfs list -H -t filesystem,volume -s name \
-o name,com.sun:auto-snapshot,com.sun:auto-snapshot:"$opt_label") \
|| { print_log error "zfs list $?: $ZFS_LIST"; exit 8; }
SNAPSHOTS_OLD=$(env LC_ALL=C zfs list -H -t snapshot -S creation -o name) \
|| { print_log error "zfs list $?: $SNAPSHOTS_OLD"; exit 9; }
# Verify that each argument is a filesystem or volume.
for ii in "$@"
do
test "$ii" = '//' && continue 1
while read NAME PROPERTIES
do
test "$ii" = "$NAME" && continue 2
done <<-HERE
$ZFS_LIST
HERE
print_log error "$ii is not a ZFS filesystem or volume."
exit 10
done
# Get a list of pools that are being scrubbed.
ZPOOLS_SCRUBBING=$(echo "$ZFS_STATUS" | awk -F ': ' \
'$1 ~ /^ *pool$/ { pool = $2 } ; \
$1 ~ /^ *scan$/ && $2 ~ /scrub in progress/ { print pool }' \
| sort )
# Get a list of pools that cannot do a snapshot.
ZPOOLS_NOTREADY=$(echo "$ZFS_STATUS" | awk -F ': ' \
'$1 ~ /^ *pool$/ { pool = $2 } ; \
$1 ~ /^ *state$/ && $2 !~ /ONLINE|DEGRADED/ { print pool } ' \
| sort)
# Get a list of objects for which snapshots are explicitly disabled.
NOAUTO=$(echo "$ZFS_LIST" | awk -F '\t' \
'tolower($2) ~ /false/ || tolower($3) ~ /false/ {print $1}')
# If the --default-exclude flag is set, then exclude all objects that lack
# an explicit com.sun:auto-snapshot* property. Otherwise, include them.
if [ -n "$opt_default_exclude" ]
then
# Get a list of objects for which snapshots are explicitly enabled.
CANDIDATES=$(echo "$ZFS_LIST" | awk -F '\t' \
'tolower($2) ~ /true/ || tolower($3) ~ /true/ {print $1}')
else
# Invert the NOAUTO list.
CANDIDATES=$(echo "$ZFS_LIST" | awk -F '\t' \
'tolower($2) !~ /false/ && tolower($3) !~ /false/ {print $1}')
fi
# Initialize the list of objects that will get a recursive snapshot.
TARGETS_RECURSIVE=''
# Initialize the list of objects that will get a non-recursive snapshot.
TARGETS_REGULAR=''
for ii in $CANDIDATES
do
# Qualify object names so variable globbing works properly.
# Suppose ii=tanker/foo and jj=tank sometime during the loop.
# Just testing "$ii" != ${ii#$jj} would incorrectly match.
iii="$ii/"
# Exclude objects that are not named on the command line.
IN_ARGS='0'
for jj in "$@"
do
if [ "$jj" = '//' -o "$jj" = "$ii" ]
then
IN_ARGS=$(( $IN_ARGS + 1 ))
fi
done
if [ "$IN_ARGS" -eq '0' ]
then
continue
fi
# Exclude objects in pools that cannot do a snapshot.
for jj in $ZPOOLS_NOTREADY
do
# Ibid regarding iii.
jjj="$jj/"
# Check whether the pool name is a prefix of the object name.
if [ "$iii" != "${iii#$jjj}" ]
then
print_log info "Excluding $ii because pool $jj is not ready."
continue 2
fi
done
# Exclude objects in scrubbing pools if the --skip-scrub flag is set.
test -z "$opt_skip_scrub" && for jj in $ZPOOLS_SCRUBBING
do
# Ibid regarding iii.
jjj="$jj/"
# Check whether the pool name is a prefix of the object name.
if [ "$iii" != "${iii#$jjj}" ]
then
print_log info "Excluding $ii because pool $jj is scrubbing."
continue 2
fi
done
for jj in $NOAUTO
do
# Ibid regarding iii.
jjj="$jj/"
# The --recusive switch only matters for non-wild arguments.
if [ -z "$opt_recursive" -a "$1" != '//' ]
then
# Snapshot this object non-recursively.
print_log debug "Including $ii for regular snapshot."
TARGETS_REGULAR="${TARGETS_REGULAR:+$TARGETS_REGULAR }$ii" # nb: \t
continue 2
# Check whether the candidate name is a prefix of any excluded object name.
elif [ "$jjj" != "${jjj#$iii}" ]
then
# Snapshot this object non-recursively.
print_log debug "Including $ii for regular snapshot."
TARGETS_REGULAR="${TARGETS_REGULAR:+$TARGETS_REGULAR }$ii" # nb: \t
continue 2
fi
done
for jj in $TARGETS_RECURSIVE
do
# Ibid regarding iii.
jjj="$jj/"
# Check whether any included object is a prefix of the candidate name.
if [ "$iii" != "${iii#$jjj}" ]
then
print_log debug "Excluding $ii because $jj includes it recursively."
continue 2
fi
done
# Append this candidate to the recursive snapshot list because it:
#
# * Does not have an exclusionary property.
# * Is in a pool that can currently do snapshots.
# * Does not have an excluded descendent filesystem.
# * Is not the descendant of an already included filesystem.
#
print_log debug "Including $ii for recursive snapshot."
TARGETS_RECURSIVE="${TARGETS_RECURSIVE:+$TARGETS_RECURSIVE }$ii" # nb: \t
done
# Summary statistics.
DESTRUCTION_COUNT='0'
SNAPSHOT_COUNT='0'
WARNING_COUNT='0'
# Linux lacks SMF and the notion of an FMRI event.
FMRI_EVENT='-'
# Create the snapshot using these arguments.
SNAPSHOT_PROPERTIES="-o com.sun:auto-snapshot-desc='$FMRI_EVENT'"
SNAPSHOT_NAME="$opt_prefix${opt_label:+$opt_sep$opt_label-$DATE}"
# The expression for old snapshots. -YYYY-MM-DD-HHMM
SNAPSHOT_MATCH="$opt_prefix${opt_label:+?$opt_label}????????????????"
test -n "$TARGETS_REGULAR" \
&& print_log info "Doing regular snapshots of $TARGETS_REGULAR"
test -n "$TARGETS_RECURSIVE" \
&& print_log info "Doing recursive snapshots of $TARGETS_RECURSIVE"
test -n "$opt_dry_run" \
&& print_log info "Doing a dry run. Not running these commands..."
for ii in $TARGETS_REGULAR
do
if do_run "zfs snapshot $SNAPSHOT_PROPERTIES '$ii@$SNAPSHOT_NAME'"
then
SNAPSHOT_COUNT=$(( $SNAPSHOT_COUNT +1 ))
else
WARNING_COUNT=$(( $WARNING_COUNT +1 ))
continue
fi
# Retain at most $opt_keep number of old snapshots of this filesystem,
# including the one that was just recently created.
if [ -z "$opt_keep" ]
then
continue
fi
KEEP="$opt_keep"
for jj in $SNAPSHOTS_OLD
do
# Check whether this is an old snapshot of the filesystem.
if [ -z "${jj#$ii@$SNAPSHOT_MATCH}" ]
then
KEEP=$(( $KEEP - 1 ))
if [ "$KEEP" -le 0 ]
then
if do_run "zfs destroy '$jj'"
then
DESTRUCTION_COUNT=$(( $DESTRUCTION_COUNT +1 ))
else
WARNING_COUNT=$(( $WARNING_COUNT + 1 ))
fi
fi
fi
done
done
for ii in $TARGETS_RECURSIVE
do
if do_run "zfs snapshot $SNAPSHOT_PROPERTIES -r '$ii@$SNAPSHOT_NAME'"
then
SNAPSHOT_COUNT=$(( $SNAPSHOT_COUNT +1 ))
else
WARNING_COUNT=$(( $WARNING_COUNT +1 ))
continue
fi
# Retain at most $opt_keep number of old snapshots of this filesystem,
# including the one that was just recently created.
if [ -z "$opt_keep" ]
then
continue
fi
KEEP="$opt_keep"
# ASSERT: The old snapshot list is sorted by increasing age.
for jj in $SNAPSHOTS_OLD
do
# Check whether this is an old snapshot of the filesystem.
if [ -z "${jj#$ii@$SNAPSHOT_MATCH}" ]
then
KEEP=$(( $KEEP - 1 ))
if [ "$KEEP" -le 0 ]
then
if do_run "zfs destroy -r '$jj'"
then
DESTRUCTION_COUNT=$(( $DESTRUCTION_COUNT +1 ))
else
WARNING_COUNT=$(( $WARNING_COUNT + 1 ))
fi
fi
fi
done
done
print_log notice "@$SNAPSHOT_NAME, \
$SNAPSHOT_COUNT created, $DESTRUCTION_COUNT destroyed, $WARNING_COUNT warnings."
# }