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112 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
PowerShell FAQ
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==============
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What is PowerShell?
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-------------------
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PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language.
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Why use PowerShell?
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-------------------
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✔️ it's **powerful**: fully control your computer
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✔️ it's **cross-platform**: available for Linux, Mac OS and Windows
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✔️ it's **open-source and free**: see the Github repository at https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell
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✔️ it's **easy to learn**: see the tutorial for beginners at https://www.guru99.com/powershell-tutorial.html
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✔️ it's **fully documented**: see the PowerShell documentation at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/
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How to get PowerShell?
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* **Windows 7 and newer** provides PowerShell by default. However, script execution is **disallowed by default** (execution policy is "restricted"). To enable this, enter as administrator:
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```
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PS> Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
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```
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* **On CentOS, Debian, Docker, Fedora, macOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, Ubuntu** visit https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell for installation.
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* **On Linux supporting Snaps** install PowerShell by executing:
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```
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$ snap install PowerShell
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$ ln -s /snap/bin/pwsh /usr/bin/pwsh
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```
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How to get the PowerShell Scripts?
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* Git users execute: `$ git clone https://github.com/fleschutz/PowerShell`
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* otherwise download and unzip: https://github.com/fleschutz/PowerShell/archive/master.zip
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Why do some scripts show gibberish characters?
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----------------------------------------------
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Those PowerShell scripts are using Unicode characters. Use a modern console supporting UTF-8 such as Windows Terminal, please.
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How to set PowerShell as default shell on Linux?
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------------------------------------------------
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Make sure PowerShell is installed, then execute: `chsh -s /usr/bin/pwsh <username>`. In case you experience an "invalid shell" error, add "/usr/bin/pwsh" to /etc/shells.
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How to add the scripts to the search path?
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------------------------------------------
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Want to use the PowerShell scripts everywhere on the command-line? Then you need to add the Scripts/ subfolder to the search path:
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* **On Linux using Bash:** edit .profile in your home directory and add the line: PATH="$PATH:/path/to/PowerShell/Scripts"
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* **On Windows:** open the environment variables dialogue and add the full path to Scripts/ to the system environment variable "Path"
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How to use PowerShell in Windows context menus?
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* to enable "right-click > New > Windows PowerShell Script" execute `Add_ps1_to_New_context_menu.reg` in subfolder [Data/](../Data)
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* to disable this execute `Remove_ps1_from_New_context_menu.reg` in subfolder [Data/](../Data)
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How to execute PowerShell scripts by voice?
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1. Download and install *Serenade* from https://serenade.ai/.
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2. Download and install the *PowerShell Scripts*, then set the search path to it.
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3. Execute once: `./export-to-serenade.ps1 computer` (this creates a custom JavaScript file at `$HOME/.serenade/scripts/PowerShell.js` using the wake word 'computer').
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4. Launch *Serenade* and click the Pause button to enable Listening mode.
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5. Launch *Windows Terminal* and click into the window.
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6. Say: `Computer, open calculator` (this launches the calculator application by executing the PowerShell script `open-calculator.ps1`).
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See the [list of supported voice commands](VoiceCommands.md) for more information.
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Which editor to use for PowerShell scripts?
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* *PowerShell ISE* (Integrated Scripting Environment) - Official PowerShell development environment included with Microsoft Windows.
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* *Visual Studio Code* - Supporting syntax highlighting, on-the-fly problem checking and an integrated PowerShell Console (available for free on Linux, Mac OS and Windows).
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* *PowerShell Studio* - Powerful PowerShell IDE with module, help, and user interface development tools, high DPI support and regular updates.
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* *PowerShell Plus* - All in one IDE.
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* *Atom package* - Add-on with PowerShell language support for Atom.
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* *SublimeText package* - Add-on with PowerShell language support for Sublime Text.
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* or simply use your *favorite text editor*
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How to write good PowerShell scripts?
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-------------------------------------
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Good PowerShell scripts are user-friendly and platform-independant. As a guideline follow these rules, please:
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1. the filename is named using the `<verb>-<object>.ps1` scheme
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2. the encoding is UTF-8-BOM to provide Unicode character support
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3. the script has execute file permissions: chmod a+rx <file> (for Linux support)
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4. the script provides a comment-based help with synopsis, description, parameters, link, author, and license
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5. check the requirements (e.g. #Requires -RunAsAdministrator, or #Requires -Version 3)
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6. prefer command-line options, else ask the user for help
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7. recommended is `Set-StrictMode -Version Latest` to enable additional error checking
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8. for readibility use UpperCamelCase for variables and functions, lowerCamelCase for everything else
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9. on error call write-error with keyword "ERROR:" (to support log parsers) and exit the error code (mostly 1)
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10. on success exit with error code 0 (exit 0)
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Want to contribute or found a bug or issue?
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-------------------------------------------
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If you find something bad (like a bug, error, or any issue), please report it here by open an Issue.
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Or even better: Fork the repository, add or fix the script and submit a pull request, so others can participate too.
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Your question is not answered here?
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-----------------------------------
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Send your question to: markus [at] fleschutz [dot] de
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