PowerShell/Data/Abbr/Astronomy.csv

1	Abbreviation,Definition
2	21CSLC,21st Century Space Launch Complex
3	4LGSF,Four-Laser Guide Star Facility
4	4MOST,4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (Proposed new spectroscopic instrument for VISTA)
5	4T,Four Telescope (VLTI mode)
6	A&A,Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics
7	A&ARv,Journal, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
8	ACD,Amplitude Calibration Device (ALMA)
9	ACe,Astaldi Cimolai EIE (Consortium)
10	ADA,ALMA Department of Administration
11	ADO,ALMA Director’s Office
12	ADS,International Italian optics company working on the DSM for the VLT
13	AEM,ALMA construction consortium
14	AFNOR,Association Française de Normalisation
15	AFTA,Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets
16	AG,Aktiengesellschaft
17	AGN,Active Galactic Nucleus
18	AIDA,Astronomical Infrastructure for Data Access
19	AIP,Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
20	AIT,Assembly, Integration and Test
21	AIV,Assembly, Integration and Verification
22	AJ,The Astronomical Journal
23	ALMA,Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
24	AMBER,Astronomical Multi-BEam combineR (VLTI Instrument)
25	AN,Journal, Astronomische Nachrichten
26	Antu,VLT Unit Telescope 1
27	AO,Adaptive Optics
28	AOF,Adaptive Optics Facility
29	AOS,Array Operations Site (ALMA)
30	APE,Active Phasing Experiment
31	APEX,Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
32	ApJ,Astrophysical Journal
33	ApJS,Journal, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
34	AQUARIUS,Mid-infrared detector array (VISIR)
35	ARAL,Alignment facility for the VLTI
36	ARC,ALMA Regional Centre
37	ArTeMiS,Bolometric camera for APEX
38	ASAC,ALMA Science Advisory Committee
39	ASIAA,East Asia FEIC (ALMA)
40	ASIC,Application Specific Integrated Circuit
41	ASSIST,Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Simulator (AOF test bench)
42	AstraLux,Lucky Imaging camera for the Calar Alto 2.2-metre telescope
43	AT,Auxiliary Telescope for the VLTI
44	ATC,Astronomy Technology Centre (United Kingdom)
45	ATILO,Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organisation
46	AU,Astronomical Unit
47	AUI,Associated Universities Inc.
48	AVM,Astronomical Visualisation Metadata
49	BAM,Construction company for the Headquarters extension
50	BE,Back-End (ALMA)
51	BELLA,Building Europe Link to Latin America
52	BFL,Budget and Forward Look
53	BlackGEM,(La Silla) Telescope array searching for optical counterparts of gravitational wave sources
54	BLIP,Background photon noise limited
55	C2PAP,Computational Center for Particle and Astrophysics, Universe Cluster, Garching
56	CAD,Computer Aided Design
57	CADC,Canadian Astronomy Data Centre
58	CAPj,Communicating Astronomy with the Public Journal
59	CARLA,Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (Spitzer)
60	CASA,Common Astronomy Software Applications (ALMA)
61	CCD,Charge Coupled Device
62	CCTV,Closed Circuit TeleVision
63	CDR,Critical Design Review
64	CDS,Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (Strasbourg astronomical Data Center)
65	CEA,Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, France
66	CELAC_EU,Summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States–European Union
67	CERN,European Organization for Nuclear Research
68	CES,Coude Echelle Spectrometer
69	CfP,Call for Proposal
70	CfT,Call for tender
71	CHAMP+,Dual channel heterodyne receiver array (APEX)
72	CHF,Swiss francs
73	CLIF,Convolution with Linearized Inverse Filter algorithm for wavefront sensing
74	CLP,Chilean Peso
75	CMB,Cosmic Microwave Background
76	CMOS,Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
77	CMS,Cisco Meeting Server
78	CNAM,Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
79	CNRS,Centre national de la recherche scientifique
80	CO,Carbon monoxide
81	CO,Carried Over budget
82	COFUND,EU fellowship funding programme
83	CONDOR,1.5 THz heterodyne receiver (APEX)
84	CONICA,COudé Near-Infrared CAmera (VLT)
85	CORALIE,Echelle Spectrograph on the 1.2-metre Leonard Euler Swiss telescope
86	CoRoT,COnvection ROtation and planetary Transits (French Satellite)
87	COSMOS,HST survey programme
88	Cou-,Council Document
89	CP,Calibration Programme
90	CPI,Consumer Price Index
91	CRIRES,Cryogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrometer (VLT)
92	CRIRES+,Planned upgrade to CRIRES
93	CSV,Commissioning and Science Verification
94	CTA,Cherenkov Telescope Array
95	CTA-S,Cherenkov Telescope Array South
96	CTAO,Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
97	CUBES,Cassegrain U-band Brazilian ESO Spectrograph
98	CuRe,Fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms for XAO with pyramid WFS
99	CuReD,Fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms for XAO with pyramid WFS with pre-processing
100	DC,Direct Current
101	DDS,Data DistributIOn middleware for SPARTA
102	DDT,Director’s Discretionary Time
103	DFG,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
104	DFS,(VLT) Data Flow System
105	DG,Director General
106	DIG,Deep Imaging Group (Vitacura)
107	DL,Delay Line (VLTI)
108	DMO,Data Management and Operations Division
109	DMS,Dome and Main Structure
110	DoA,Directorate of Administration
111	DoE,Directorate of Engineering
112	DoO,Directorate of Operations
113	DoP,Directorate of Programmes
114	DRS,DRS, formerly Boeing, detector manufacturer
115	DSC,Directorate for Science
116	DSM,Deformable Secondary Mirror
117	DSO,Department of Science Operations (ALMA)
118	eAPD,electron Avalanche Photodiode Detector
119	EASC,European ALMA Support Centre
120	EC,European Commission
121	ECRI,European Conference on Research Infrastructures
122	EFOSC2,ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (v.2)
123	EIB,European Investment Bank
124	EIROforum,Organisation consisting of the seven largest scientific European international organisations devoted to fostering mutual activities
125	ELT,Extremely Large Telescope
126	EM&P,Journal, Earth, Moon, and Planets
127	EMAC,ELT Management Advisory Committee
128	EMBL,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (Germany)
129	EMMI,ESO Multi-Mode Instrument (NTT)
130	ePOD,education and Public Outreach Department
131	ERC,European Research Council
132	ERIS,Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph
133	ERP,Enterprise Resource Planning (Administration software)
134	ESA,European Space Agency
135	ESAC,European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA, Spain)
136	ESAC,European Science Advisory Committee (for ALMA)
137	ESC,ELT Subcommittee
138	ESE,ELT Science and Engineering
139	ESM,European School Munich
140	ESO,European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere
141	ESOF,Euroscience Open Forum
142	ESON,ESO Science Outreach Network
143	ESPRESSO,Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet- and Stable Spectroscopic Observations
144	ESRC,ELT Standing Review Committee
145	ETF,ELT Technical Facility
146	ETH,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
147	EU,European Union
148	EUR,Euro
149	EVALSO,Enabling Virtual Access to Latin-american Southern Observatories
150	EWASS,European Week of Astronomy and Space Science
151	ExA,Journal, Experimental Astronomy
152	ExTrA,(La Silla) Exoplanets in Transit and their Atmospheres
153	FC,Finance Committee
154	FDR,Final Design Review
155	FE,Front End
156	FE IPT,Front-End Integrated Project Team (ALMA)
157	FEA,Finite Element Analysis
158	FEED,Front-End Engineering Design (ELT)
159	FEIC,Front End Integration Centre (ALMA)
160	FEROS,Fibre-fed, Extended Range, Échelle Spectrograph (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)
161	FIAT,Facility (for) Infrared Arrays Testing
162	FITS,Flexible Image Transport System
163	FLAMES,Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (VLT)
164	FORS1,FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (VLT)-1
165	FORS2,FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (VLT)-2
166	FOS,Faint Object Spectrograph (HST)
167	FP,Fabry-Perot
168	FP6,Sixth EC Framework Programme
169	FP7,Seventh EC Framework Programme
170	FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Array
171	FTE,Full Time Equivalent
172	FWHM,Full Width at Half Maximum
173	GALACSI,Ground Atmospheric Layer Adaptive Optics for Spectroscopic Imaging (AOF)
174	GB,Gigabyte
175	GBP,British Pounds
176	GÉANT,European multi-gigabit computer network for research and education purposes
177	gGmbH,Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (non-profit German limited liability company)
178	GHz,Gigahertz
179	GIRAFFE,Fibre-fed multi-object spectrograph and part of the VLT FLAMES facility
180	GLAO,Ground Layer Adaptive Optics
181	gNLT,Garching Night Log Tool
182	GRAAL,GRound-layer Adaptive optics Assisted by Lasers (AOF)
183	GRAVITY,AO assisted, two-object, multiple-beam-combiner (VLTI)
184	GROND,Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)
185	GTC,Gran Telescopio Canarias
186	GTO,Guaranteed Time for Observation
187	GUI,Graphical User Interface
188	GWh,Gigawatt hours
189	H-LTAO,HARMONI Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics
190	H2020,(EU) Horizon 2020 Programme
191	HARMONI,Proposed first light integral field spectrograph for the ELT
192	HARPS,High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planetary Searcher (3.6-metre)
193	HAWK-I,High Acuity Wide field K-band Imager
194	HCI,Human Computer Interface
195	HIA,Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (Canada)
196	HIRES,(ELT) HIgh REsolution Spectrograph
197	HODM,High Order Deformable Mirror
198	HQ,Headquarters
199	HR,Human Resources
200	HST,Hubble Space Telescope
201	HVAC,Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
202	IAG,Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (Brazil)
203	IAS,International Accounting Standards
204	IAU,International Astronomical Union
205	Icar,Icarus, Planetary science journal, Planetary science journal
206	IFS,Integral Field Spectrograph (SPHERE, ELT)
207	IFU,Integral Field Unit
208	INAF,Italian National Institute for Astrophysics
209	INRIA,Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique
210	IPAG,Institut de Planetologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble
211	IPC,(Chilean) Índice de Precios al Consumidor
212	IPP,Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (Germany)
213	IPSAS,International Public Sector Accounting Standards
214	IPT,Integrated Product Team (ALMA)
215	IR,Infrared
216	IRAM,Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
217	IRDIS,InfraRed Dual-beam Imager and Spectrograph (SPHERE, ELT)
218	IRIS,VLTI Infrared Image Sensor
219	IRLOS,InfraRed Low Order Sensor
220	IRO,International Relations Office
221	ISAAC,Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera (VLT)
222	ISERD,Israeli inter-ministerial agency for R&D cooperation with Europe
223	ISM,International Staff Member
224	IT,Information Technology
225	ITAR,International Traffic in Arms Regulations
226	ITER,International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
227	IVOA,International Virtual Observatory Alliance
228	IVSLA,Istituto Veneto di Scienze ed Arti
229	IYA2009,International Year of Astronomy 2009
230	JAO,Joint ALMA Observatory
231	JENAM,Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting
232	JPL,Jet Propulsion Laboratory
233	JWST,James Webb Space Telescope
234	k,kilo/1,000
235	KIDS,(VST) Kilo-Degree Survey
236	KMOS,K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (VLT)
237	KTS,Klaus Tschira Stiftung
238	Kueyan,VLT Unit Telescope 2
239	LABOCA,Large APEX Bolometer CAmera
240	LAOG,Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble
241	LCS,Local Control System
242	LFC,Laser Frequency Comb
243	LGS,Laser Guide Star
244	LGSF,Laser Guide Star Facility
245	LMC,Large Magellanic Cloud
246	LMU,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
247	LN2,Liquid nitrogen
248	LOFAR,Low Frequency Array
249	LOPS,Local Optical Phasing Sensor
250	LP,Large Programme
251	LPG,Liquefied Petroleum Gas
252	LPO,La Silla ­Paranal Observatory
253	LSM,Local Staff Members
254	LSP,La Silla ­Paranal Subcommittee
255	LTAO,Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics
256	LVSM,Large Visible Sensor Module
257	M,million/1,000,000
258	M#,Mirror #
259	MACAO,Multiple Application Curvature Adaptive Optic
260	MACCON,Motion controller manufacturer
261	MAD,Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator
262	MAORY,(ELT) Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY
263	mas,milliarcseconds
264	MASCOT,Mini All-Sky Cloud Observation Tool (Paranal)
265	MATISSE,Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment (VLTI)
266	MCAO,Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics
267	Melipal,VLT Unit Telescope 3
268	MELT,Minuscule ELT
269	MENLO systems,Optical equipment manufacturer
270	MERAC,Mobilising European Research in Astrophysics and Cosmology
271	MERIL,Mapping the European Research Infrastructure Landscape
272	METIS,Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph
273	MICADO,Adaptive optics imaging camera (ELT)
274	MIDI,Mid-infrared Interferometric Instrument (VLTI)
275	MIM,Museo Interactivo Mirador, Santiago
276	MIT,Massachusetts Institute of Technology
277	mmVLBI,Millimeter Very Long Baseline Interferometry
278	Mn,Mirror #n
279	MNRAS,Journal, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
280	MOAO,Multiple-Object Adaptive Optics
281	MOONS,Multi Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph (VLT third generation)
282	MOS,(ELT) Multi-Object Spectroscopy
283	MOSAIC,(ELT) Multi-Object Spectrograph (Multi-Object Spectrograph for Astrophysics, Intergalactic medium studies and Cosmology)
284	MOSFIRE,Near-infrared multi-object spectrograph (Keck)
285	MPA,Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
286	MPE,Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
287	MPG,Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
288	MPIA,Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
289	MPIfR,Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (Germany)
290	MS,Member State(s)
291	MTM,MT Mechatronics (European company of high technology, engineering and maintenance services)
292	MUSE,Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT)
293	NACO,NAOS-CONICA (VLT)
294	NAOJ,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
295	NAOMI,Adaptive optics system for the ATs (VLTI)
296	NAOS,Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (VLT)
297	NASA,National Aeronautics and Space Administration
298	NAV,Navision
299	NDF,Non-Deliverable Forward Agreement
300	NEAR,New Earths in the Alpha Cen Region experiment
301	NEO,Near-Earth Object
302	NewA,Journal, New Astronomy
303	NewAR,Journal, New Astronomy Reviews
304	NFM,Narrow Field Mode
305	NGC,New General Catalogue
306	NGC,New General detector Controller
307	NGSD,Proposed large natural/laser guide star WFS detector (ELT)
308	NGTS,Next Generation Transit Survey
309	NINS,National Institutes of Natural Sciences
310	NIRPS,(NNT) Near Infra Red Planet Searcher
311	NOVA,The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie)
312	NRAO,National Radio Astronomy Observatory
313	NSF,National Science Foundation
314	NTT,New Technology Telescope
315	NUVA,Network for UltraViolet Astrophysics
316	OAA,Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
317	OBAMA,Optical Bidule for Aberration Measurement on the ATs
318	OCA-NICE,Cote d’Azur Observatory (Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur)
319	ODG,Office of the Director General
320	OECD,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
321	OmegaCAM,Optical Camera for the VST
322	OPC,Observing Programmes Committee
323	OPO,Observing Programmes Office
324	OPTICON,Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy
325	OSF,ALMA Operations Support Facilities
326	OSO,Onsala Space Observatory
327	OT,Observing Tool
328	OTS,Operations Technical Support
329	P&SS,Journal, Planetary and Space Science
330	P2PP,Peer to Peer Protocol
331	P86,Observing Period 86
332	P87,Observing Period 87
333	PA,Product Assurance
334	PAC,Provisional Acceptance Chile
335	PACMAN,Fringe tracker for PRIMA (VLTI)
336	PAE,Provisional Acceptance Europe
337	PARLA,PAranal Raman Laser, replacement for PARSEC (VLTI)
338	PARSEC,Sodium line laser for VLT AO
339	PASJ,Journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
340	PASP,Journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
341	PB,Petabyte
342	PC,Personal Computer
343	PDF,Portable Document Format
344	PDM,Product Document Management
345	PDR,Preliminary Design Review
346	PESSTO,Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects
347	PFS,(ELT) Pre-Focal Station
348	PFS-A,(ELT) Pre-Focal Station for Nasmyth A
349	PhD,Doctor of Philosophy
350	PI,Principal Investigator
351	PIO,Public Information Officer
352	PIONIER,VLTI visitor instrument
353	PIP,Paranal Instrumentation Programme
354	PLC,Programmable Logic Controllers (ELT)
355	PMD,Project Management Department
356	PMPD,Performance Management and Professional Development
357	PRIMA,Phase-Referenced Imaging and Micro-arcsecond Astrometry facility (VLTI)
358	PSF,Point Spread Function
359	PTP,Precision Time Protocol
360	Q,Quarter
361	QA,Quality Assurance
362	QSO,Quasi Stellar Object, quasar
363	QUEST,QUasar Equatorial Survey Team
364	R&D,Research and Development
365	RAB,Reflector Assembly Building
366	RAL,Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot (UK)
367	RCL,Radioastronomy Chajnantor Limitada
368	RedCLARA,Latin American Advanced Networks Cooperation (Academic data network in Latin America)
369	REM,Rapid Eye Mount Telescope (La Silla)
370	REUNA,Red Universitaria Nacional (Academic data network in Chile)
371	RM,Rossiter-McClaughlin (effect)
372	RMN,Reflective Memory Network (VLTI)
373	rms,Root Mean Square
374	RTC,Real Time Computing
375	SABOCA,Shortwave Apex BOlometer Camera
376	SAC,EURO-VO Science Advisory Committee
377	SAF,Science Archive Facility
378	SAFRAN-REOSC,High performance optics company
379	SAPHIRA,Detector for the GRAVITY wavefront sensor
380	SAXO,SPHERE’S AO system (VLT)
381	SCAO,Single-conjugate adaptive optics
382	SCO,Santiago Central Office (ALMA/ESO Vitacura)
383	SDD,Software Development Division
384	SDSS,Sloan Digital Sky Survey
385	SE,System Engineering (ALMA)
386	SEK,Swedish Crown
387	SEO,Search Engine Operations
388	SEPA,Single Euro Payments Area
389	SEPIA,Swedish ESO PI receiver for APEX
390	SHFI,Swedish Heterodyne Facility Instrument
391	SiC,(ELT) SiliconCarbide-mirrorsubstrate
392	SINFONI,Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (VLT)
393	SKA,Square Kilometer Array
394	SM,Service Mode (observing)
395	SM4,Servicing Mission 4 (HST)
396	SOFI,SOn oF Isaac (NTT)
397	SOPHIE,Spectrographe pour l’Observation des Phénomènes des Intérieurs stellaires et des Exoplanètes
398	SOXS,(NTT) Son Of X-Shooter
399	SPARTA,Real-time computer for the AOF
400	SPC,Scientific Personnel Committee
401	SPECULOOS,(Paranal) Search for habitable Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars
402	SPHERE,Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research instrument (VLT)
403	SPIFFI,SPectrometer for Infrared Faint Field Imaging
404	SPT,South Pole Telescope
405	SSDF,Science Support Discretionary Fund
406	SSED,Software System Engineering Department
407	SSWG,Science Strategy Working Group
408	ST-ECF,Space Telescope European Coordination Facility
409	STC,Scientific Technical Committee
410	STFC,Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)
411	STRAP,Tip-tilt sensors (VLTI)
412	STScI,Space Telescope Science Institute (USA)
413	sub-mm,submillimetre
414	SUSI2,Superb Seeing Imager 2 (NTT)
415	SW,Software
416	TAROT,Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires
417	TAROT-S,Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires South
418	TB,Terabyte
419	TBT,Test-Bed Telescope
420	TEC,Technology Division
421	telbib,ESO library telescope bibliography database
422	TFB,Tunable Filter Bank (ALMA)
423	TIMMI,TIMMI far-infrared camera (ESO 3.6-metre telescope)
424	ToO,Target of Opportunity
425	TRAPPIST,TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope
426	TRR,Test Readiness Review
427	TUM,Technische Universität München
428	UC,Users Committee
429	UK,United Kingdom
430	UK ATC,UK Astronomy Technology Centre
431	Ultracam,High-speed camera (VLT)
432	UltraVISTA,Ultra-deep near-infrared survey in the COSMOS field
433	UN,United Nations
434	UNCOPUOS,United Nations Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
435	UNESCO,United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
436	US,United States (of America)
437	USD,User Support Department
438	USD,United States Dollar
439	USM,University Observatory Munich
440	UT,Unit Telescope of the VLT
441	UT1–4,VLT Unit Telescopes 1–4: Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun
442	UV,UltraViolet
443	UVES,UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph (VLT)
444	VAT,Value Added Tax
445	VERTEX,(APEX) VERTEX Antennentechnik GmbH, Duisburg (Germany)
446	VHS,VISTA Hemisphere Survey
447	VIDEO,VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations Survey
448	VIKING,VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy survey
449	VIMOS,VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph (VLT)
450	VINCI,VLT INterferometer Commissioning Instrument (VLTI)
451	VIP,Very Important Person
452	VIPERS,VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey
453	VIRCAM,VISTA Infrared Camera
454	VISA,VLTI Sub-Array
455	VISIR,VLT Mid-Infrared Imager Spectrometer
456	VISTA,Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy
457	VLT,Very Large Telescope
458	VLT/I,Very Large Telescope and its Interferometer
459	VLTI,Very Large Telescope Interferometer
460	VLTI-PR#,VLTI projects
461	VM,Visitor Mode (observing)
462	VMC,VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system
463	VO,Virtual Observatory
464	VOP,Virtual Observatory Project Office
465	VPHAS+,VST Photometric Hα Survey
466	VSS,Variability Sky Survey
467	VST,VLT Survey Telescope
468	VVDS,VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
469	VVV,ESO public survey VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea
470	WASP,Wide Angle Search for Planets survey
471	WFCAM,Infrared wide field camera for the UK Infrared Telescope on Mauna Kea
472	WFI,Wide Field Imager (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)
473	WiFi,Wireless Fidelity
474	WVR,Water Vapour Radiometer (ALMA)
475	X-shooter,Wideband ultraviolet-infrared single target spectrograph (VLT)
476	XAO,Extreme adaptive optics
477	XMM-Newton,X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite (ESA)
478	Yepun,VLT Unit Telescope 4
479	Z-Spec,Millimetre-wave spectrograph (APEX visitor instrument)
480	zCOSMOS,Large Programme to measure 30 000 galaxies in the HST Cosmic Origins field
481	ZIMPOL,Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (SPHERE, ELT)
482	ΛCDM,Lambda Cold Dark Matter
483	μm,Micrometre