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PowerShell/docs/install-powershell.md
Markus Fleschutz 439fbf5bfa Updated the Markdown manuals
2024-05-19 10:25:56 +02:00

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Script: *install-powershell.ps1*
========================
By default, the latest PowerShell release package will be installed.
If '-Daily' is specified, then the latest PowerShell daily package will be installed.
Parameters
----------
```powershell
PS> ./install-powershell.ps1 [-Destination <String>] [-Daily] [-DoNotOverwrite] [-AddToPath] [-Preview] [<CommonParameters>]
PS> ./install-powershell.ps1 [-UseMSI] [-Quiet] [-AddExplorerContextMenu] [-EnablePSRemoting] [-Preview] [<CommonParameters>]
-Destination <String>
The destination path to install PowerShell to.
Required? false
Position? named
Default value
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-Daily [<SwitchParameter>]
Install PowerShell from the daily build.
Note that the 'PackageManagement' module is required to install a daily package.
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-DoNotOverwrite [<SwitchParameter>]
Do not overwrite the destination folder if it already exists.
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-AddToPath [<SwitchParameter>]
On Windows, add the absolute destination path to the 'User' scope environment variable 'Path';
On Linux, make the symlink '/usr/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh";
On MacOS, make the symlink '/usr/local/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh".
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-UseMSI [<SwitchParameter>]
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-Quiet [<SwitchParameter>]
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-AddExplorerContextMenu [<SwitchParameter>]
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-EnablePSRemoting [<SwitchParameter>]
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
-Preview [<SwitchParameter>]
Required? false
Position? named
Default value False
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
[<CommonParameters>]
This script supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction,
WarningVariable, OutBuffer, PipelineVariable, and OutVariable.
```
Example
-------
```powershell
PS > Install the daily build
.\install-powershell.ps1 -Daily
```
Example
-------
```powershell
PS > Invoke this script directly from GitHub
Invoke-Expression "& { $(Invoke-RestMethod 'https://aka.ms/install-powershell.ps1') } -daily"
```
Script Content
--------------
```powershell
<#
.Synopsis
Install PowerShell on Windows, Linux or macOS.
.DESCRIPTION
By default, the latest PowerShell release package will be installed.
If '-Daily' is specified, then the latest PowerShell daily package will be installed.
.Parameter Destination
The destination path to install PowerShell to.
.Parameter Daily
Install PowerShell from the daily build.
Note that the 'PackageManagement' module is required to install a daily package.
.Parameter DoNotOverwrite
Do not overwrite the destination folder if it already exists.
.Parameter AddToPath
On Windows, add the absolute destination path to the 'User' scope environment variable 'Path';
On Linux, make the symlink '/usr/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh";
On MacOS, make the symlink '/usr/local/bin/pwsh' points to "$Destination/pwsh".
.EXAMPLE
Install the daily build
.\install-powershell.ps1 -Daily
.EXAMPLE
Invoke this script directly from GitHub
Invoke-Expression "& { $(Invoke-RestMethod 'https://aka.ms/install-powershell.ps1') } -daily"
#>
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Daily")]
param(
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")]
[string] $Destination,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")]
[switch] $Daily,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")]
[switch] $DoNotOverwrite,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Daily")]
[switch] $AddToPath,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")]
[switch] $UseMSI,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")]
[switch] $Quiet,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")]
[switch] $AddExplorerContextMenu,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "MSI")]
[switch] $EnablePSRemoting,
[Parameter()]
[switch] $Preview
)
Set-StrictMode -Version 3.0
$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
$IsLinuxEnv = (Get-Variable -Name "IsLinux" -ErrorAction Ignore) -and $IsLinux
$IsMacOSEnv = (Get-Variable -Name "IsMacOS" -ErrorAction Ignore) -and $IsMacOS
$IsWinEnv = !$IsLinuxEnv -and !$IsMacOSEnv
if (-not $Destination) {
if ($IsWinEnv) {
$Destination = "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\Microsoft\powershell"
} else {
$Destination = "~/.powershell"
}
if ($Daily) {
$Destination = "${Destination}-daily"
}
}
$Destination = $PSCmdlet.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($Destination)
if (-not $UseMSI) {
#Write-Host "Installation destination path: $Destination"
} else {
if (-not $IsWinEnv) {
throw "-UseMSI is only supported on Windows"
} else {
$MSIArguments = @()
if($AddExplorerContextMenu) {
$MSIArguments += "ADD_EXPLORER_CONTEXT_MENU_OPENPOWERSHELL=1"
}
if($EnablePSRemoting) {
$MSIArguments += "ENABLE_PSREMOTING=1"
}
}
}
# Expand an archive using Expand-archive when available
# and the DotNet API when it is not
function Expand-ArchiveInternal {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
$Path,
$DestinationPath
)
if((Get-Command -Name Expand-Archive -ErrorAction Ignore))
{
Expand-Archive -Path $Path -DestinationPath $DestinationPath
}
else
{
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IO.Compression.FileSystem
$resolvedPath = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($Path)
$resolvedDestinationPath = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($DestinationPath)
[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory($resolvedPath,$resolvedDestinationPath)
}
}
function Remove-Destination([string] $Destination) {
if (Test-Path -Path $Destination) {
if ($DoNotOverwrite) {
throw "Destination folder '$Destination' already exist. Use a different path or omit '-DoNotOverwrite' to overwrite."
}
Write-Host "⏳ (4/4) Removing old installation at $Destination"
if (Test-Path -Path "$Destination.old") {
Remove-Item "$Destination.old" -Recurse -Force
}
if ($IsWinEnv -and ($Destination -eq $PSHOME)) {
# handle the case where the updated folder is currently in use
Get-ChildItem -Recurse -File -Path $PSHOME | ForEach-Object {
if ($_.extension -eq ".old") {
Remove-Item $_
} else {
Move-Item $_.fullname "$($_.fullname).old"
}
}
} else {
# Unix systems don't keep open file handles so you can just move files/folders even if in use
Move-Item "$Destination" "$Destination.old"
}
}
}
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Validation for Add-PathTToSettingsToSettings.
.DESCRIPTION
Validates that the parameter being validated:
- is not null
- is a folder and exists
- and that it does not exist in settings where settings is:
= the process PATH for Linux/OSX
- the registry PATHs for Windows
#>
function Test-PathNotInSettings($Path) {
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Path)) {
throw 'Argument is null'
}
# Remove ending DirectorySeparatorChar for comparison purposes
$Path = [System.Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($Path.TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar));
if (-not [System.IO.Directory]::Exists($Path)) {
throw "Path does not exist: $Path"
}
# [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable automatically expands all variables
[System.Array] $InstalledPaths = @()
if ([System.Environment]::OSVersion.Platform -eq "Win32NT") {
$InstalledPaths += @(([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)) -split ([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator))
$InstalledPaths += @(([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)) -split ([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator))
} else {
$InstalledPaths += @(([System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH'), [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Process) -split ([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator))
}
# Remove ending DirectorySeparatorChar in all items of array for comparison purposes
$InstalledPaths = $InstalledPaths | ForEach-Object { $_.TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar) }
# if $InstalledPaths is in setting return false
if ($InstalledPaths -icontains $Path) {
throw 'Already in PATH environment variable'
}
return $true
}
<#
.Synopsis
Adds a Path to settings (Supports Windows Only)
.DESCRIPTION
Adds the target path to the target registry.
.Parameter Path
The path to add to the registry. It is validated with Test-PathNotInSettings which ensures that:
-The path exists
-Is a directory
-Is not in the registry (HKCU or HKLM)
.Parameter Target
The target hive to install the Path to.
Must be either User or Machine
Defaults to User
#>
function Add-PathTToSettings {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[ValidateScript({Test-PathNotInSettings $_})]
[string] $Path,
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[ValidateSet([System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)]
[System.EnvironmentVariableTarget] $Target = ([System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
)
if (-not $IsWinEnv) {
return
}
if ($Target -eq [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User) {
[string] $Environment = 'Environment'
[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] $Key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::CurrentUser.OpenSubKey($Environment, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree)
} else {
[string] $Environment = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment'
[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] $Key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine.OpenSubKey($Environment, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree)
}
# $key is null here if it the user was unable to get ReadWriteSubTree access.
if ($null -eq $Key) {
throw (New-Object -TypeName 'System.Security.SecurityException' -ArgumentList "Unable to access the target registry")
}
# Get current unexpanded value
[string] $CurrentUnexpandedValue = $Key.GetValue('PATH', '', [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames)
# Keep current PathValueKind if possible/appropriate
try {
[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind] $PathValueKind = $Key.GetValueKind('PATH')
} catch {
[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind] $PathValueKind = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString
}
# Evaluate new path
$NewPathValue = [string]::Concat($CurrentUnexpandedValue.TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator), [System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator, $Path)
# Upgrade PathValueKind to [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString if appropriate
if ($NewPathValue.Contains('%')) { $PathValueKind = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString }
$Key.SetValue("PATH", $NewPathValue, $PathValueKind)
}
if ($IsLinux) {
$platform = (uname -i)
if ($platform -eq "x86_64") { $architecture = "x64" }
elseif ($platform -eq "x86_32") { $architecture = "x86" }
elseif ($platform -eq "aarch64") { $architecture = "arm64" }
elseif ($platform -eq "aarch32") { $architecture = "arm32" }
else { Write-Host "Unknown platform $platform" }
} elseif (-not $IsWinEnv) {
$architecture = "x64"
} elseif ($(Get-ComputerInfo -Property OsArchitecture).OsArchitecture -eq "ARM 64-bit Processor") {
$architecture = "arm64"
} else {
switch ($env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE) {
"AMD64" { $architecture = "x64" }
"x86" { $architecture = "x86" }
default { throw "PowerShell package for OS architecture '$_' is not supported." }
}
}
$tempDir = Join-Path ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()) ([System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName())
$null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $tempDir -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
try {
# Setting Tls to 12 to prevent the Invoke-WebRequest : The request was
# aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel. error.
$originalValue = [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
if ($Daily) {
$metadata = Invoke-RestMethod 'https://aka.ms/pwsh-buildinfo-daily'
$release = $metadata.ReleaseTag -replace '^v'
$blobName = $metadata.BlobName
# Get version from currently installed PowerShell Daily if available.
$pwshPath = if ($IsWinEnv) {Join-Path $Destination "pwsh.exe"} else {Join-Path $Destination "pwsh"}
$currentlyInstalledVersion = if(Test-Path $pwshPath) {
((& $pwshPath -version) -split " ")[1]
}
if($currentlyInstalledVersion -eq $release) {
Write-Verbose "Latest PowerShell Daily already installed." -Verbose
return
}
if ($IsWinEnv) {
if ($UseMSI) {
$packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.msi"
} else {
$packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.zip"
}
} elseif ($IsLinuxEnv) {
$packageName = "powershell-${release}-linux-${architecture}.tar.gz"
} elseif ($IsMacOSEnv) {
$packageName = "powershell-${release}-osx-${architecture}.tar.gz"
}
if ($architecture -ne "x64") {
throw "The OS architecture is '$architecture'. However, we currently only support daily package for x64."
}
$downloadURL = "https://pscoretestdata.blob.core.windows.net/${blobName}/${packageName}"
Write-Verbose "About to download package from '$downloadURL'" -Verbose
$packagePath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath $packageName
if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") {
# On Windows PowerShell, progress can make the download significantly slower
$oldProgressPreference = $ProgressPreference
$ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
}
try {
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $downloadURL -OutFile $packagePath
} finally {
if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") {
$ProgressPreference = $oldProgressPreference
}
}
$contentPath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath "new"
$null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $contentPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($IsWinEnv) {
if ($UseMSI -and $Quiet) {
Write-Verbose "Performing quiet install"
$ArgumentList=@("/i", $packagePath, "/quiet")
if($MSIArguments) {
$ArgumentList+=$MSIArguments
}
$process = Start-Process msiexec -ArgumentList $ArgumentList -Wait -PassThru
if ($process.exitcode -ne 0) {
throw "Quiet install failed, please rerun install without -Quiet switch or ensure you have administrator rights"
}
} elseif ($UseMSI) {
if($MSIArguments) {
Start-Process $packagePath -ArgumentList $MSIArguments -Wait
} else {
Start-Process $packagePath -Wait
}
} else {
Expand-ArchiveInternal -Path $packagePath -DestinationPath $contentPath
}
} else {
tar zxf $packagePath -C $contentPath
}
} else {
Write-Host "⏳ (1/4) Loading metadata from https://raw.githubusercontent.com ..."
$metadata = Invoke-RestMethod https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/master/tools/metadata.json
if ($Preview) {
$release = $metadata.PreviewReleaseTag -replace '^v'
} else {
$release = $metadata.ReleaseTag -replace '^v'
}
if ($IsWinEnv) {
if ($UseMSI) {
if ($architecture -eq "arm64") {
$packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.msix"
} else {
$packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.msi"
}
} else {
$packageName = "PowerShell-${release}-win-${architecture}.zip"
}
} elseif ($IsLinuxEnv) {
$packageName = "powershell-${release}-linux-${architecture}.tar.gz"
} elseif ($IsMacOSEnv) {
$packageName = "powershell-${release}-osx-${architecture}.tar.gz"
}
Write-Host "⏳ (2/4) Latest release is $release for $architecture, package name is $packageName ..."
$downloadURL = "https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases/download/v${release}/${packageName}"
Write-Host "⏳ (3/4) Loading $downloadURL"
$packagePath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath $packageName
if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") {
# On Windows PowerShell, progress can make the download significantly slower
$oldProgressPreference = $ProgressPreference
$ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
}
try {
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $downloadURL -OutFile $packagePath
} finally {
if (!$PSVersionTable.ContainsKey('PSEdition') -or $PSVersionTable.PSEdition -eq "Desktop") {
$ProgressPreference = $oldProgressPreference
}
}
$contentPath = Join-Path -Path $tempDir -ChildPath "new"
$null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $contentPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($IsWinEnv) {
if ($UseMSI -and $architecture -eq "arm64") {
Add-AppxPackage -Path $packagePath
} elseif ($UseMSI -and $Quiet) {
Write-Verbose "Performing quiet install"
$ArgumentList=@("/i", $packagePath, "/quiet")
if($MSIArguments) {
$ArgumentList+=$MSIArguments
}
$process = Start-Process msiexec -ArgumentList $ArgumentList -Wait -PassThru
if ($process.exitcode -ne 0) {
throw "Quiet install failed, please rerun install without -Quiet switch or ensure you have administrator rights"
}
} elseif ($UseMSI) {
if($MSIArguments) {
Start-Process $packagePath -ArgumentList $MSIArguments -Wait
} else {
Start-Process $packagePath -Wait
}
} else {
Expand-ArchiveInternal -Path $packagePath -DestinationPath $contentPath
}
} else {
tar zxf $packagePath -C $contentPath
}
}
if (-not $UseMSI) {
Remove-Destination $Destination
if (Test-Path $Destination) {
Write-Verbose "Copying files" -Verbose
# only copy files as folders will already exist at $Destination
Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path "$contentPath" -File | ForEach-Object {
$DestinationFilePath = Join-Path $Destination $_.fullname.replace($contentPath, "")
Copy-Item $_.fullname -Destination $DestinationFilePath
}
} else {
$null = New-Item -Path (Split-Path -Path $Destination -Parent) -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Move-Item -Path $contentPath -Destination $Destination
}
}
## Change the mode of 'pwsh' to 'rwxr-xr-x' to allow execution
if (-not $IsWinEnv) { chmod 755 $Destination/pwsh }
if ($AddToPath -and -not $UseMSI) {
if ($IsWinEnv) {
if ((-not ($Destination.StartsWith($ENV:USERPROFILE))) -and
(-not ($Destination.StartsWith($ENV:APPDATA))) -and
(-not ($Destination.StartsWith($env:LOCALAPPDATA)))) {
$TargetRegistry = [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
try {
Add-PathTToSettings -Path $Destination -Target $TargetRegistry
} catch {
Write-Warning -Message "Unable to save the new path in the machine wide registry: $_"
$TargetRegistry = [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
}
} else {
$TargetRegistry = [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
}
# If failed to install to machine wide path or path was not appropriate for machine wide path
if ($TargetRegistry -eq [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User) {
try {
Add-PathTToSettings -Path $Destination -Target $TargetRegistry
} catch {
Write-Warning -Message "Unable to save the new path in the registry for the current user : $_"
}
}
} else {
$targetPath = Join-Path -Path $Destination -ChildPath "pwsh"
if ($IsLinuxEnv) { $symlink = "/usr/bin/pwsh" } elseif ($IsMacOSEnv) { $symlink = "/usr/local/bin/pwsh" }
$needNewSymlink = $true
if (Test-Path -Path $symlink) {
$linkItem = Get-Item -Path $symlink
if ($linkItem.LinkType -ne "SymbolicLink") {
Write-Warning "'$symlink' already exists but it's not a symbolic link. Abort adding to PATH."
$needNewSymlink = $false
} elseif ($linkItem.Target -contains $targetPath) {
## The link already points to the target
Write-Verbose "'$symlink' already points to '$targetPath'" -Verbose
$needNewSymlink = $false
}
}
if ($needNewSymlink) {
$uid = id -u
if ($uid -ne "0") { $SUDO = "sudo" } else { $SUDO = "" }
Write-Verbose "Make symbolic link '$symlink' point to '$targetPath'..." -Verbose
& $SUDO ln -fs $targetPath $symlink
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
Write-Error "Could not add to PATH: failed to make '$symlink' point to '$targetPath'."
}
}
}
## Add to the current process 'Path' if the process is not 'pwsh'
$runningProcessName = (Get-Process -Id $PID).ProcessName
if ($runningProcessName -ne 'pwsh') {
$env:Path = $Destination + [System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator + $env:Path
}
}
if (-not $UseMSI) {
Write-Host "✅ Installed PowerShell $release at $Destination" -noNewline
if ($Destination -eq $PSHOME) {
Write-Host " - Please restart pwsh now."
} else {
Write-Host " "
}
}
} finally {
# Restore original value
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = $originalValue
Remove-Item -Path $tempDir -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
exit 0 # success
}
```
*(generated by convert-ps2md.ps1 using the comment-based help of install-powershell.ps1 as of 05/19/2024 10:25:20)*
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