v0.0.9

Closes #267

.gitignore

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ dist
 httpie.egg-info
 build
 *.pyc
+*.egg
 .tox
 README.html
 .coverage
 htmlcov
-
+.idea
+.DS_Store

.travis.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
+# https://travis-ci.org/jakubroztocil/httpie
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
 language: python
 python:
   - 2.6
   - 2.7
   - pypy
-  - 3.2
-script: python setup.py test
-install:
-  - pip install . --use-mirrors
+  - 3.3
+  - 3.4
+  - pypy3
+script:
+  - make
+after_success:
+  - pip install python-coveralls
+  - coveralls

AUTHORS.rst

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 HTTPie authors
 ==============
 
-* `Jakub Roztocil <https://github.com/jkbr>`_
+* `Jakub Roztocil <https://github.com/jakubroztocil>`_
 
 
 Patches and ideas
 -----------------
 
+* `Cláudia T. Delgado <https://github.com/claudiatd>`_ (logo)
 * `Hank Gay <https://github.com/gthank>`_
 * `Jake Basile <https://github.com/jakebasile>`_
 * `Vladimir Berkutov <https://github.com/dair-targ>`_
@@ -27,3 +28,7 @@ Patches and ideas
 * `Tomek Wójcik <https://github.com/tomekwojcik>`_
 * `Davey Shafik <https://github.com/dshafik>`_
 * `cido <https://github.com/cido>`_
+* `Justin Bonnar <https://github.com/jargonjustin>`_
+* `Nathan LaFreniere <https://github.com/nlf>`_
+* `Matthias Lehmann <https://github.com/matleh>`_
+* `Dennis Brakhane <https://github.com/brakhane>`_

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+Contributing to HTTPie
+######################
+
+Bug reports and code and documentation patches are greatly appretiated. You can
+also help by using the development version of HTTPie and reporting any bugs you
+might encounter.
+
+Bug Reports
+===========
+
+**It's important that you provide the full command argument list
+as well as the output of the failing command.**
+Use the ``--debug`` flag and copy&paste both the command and its output
+to your bug report, e.g.:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ http --debug [arguments that trigger the error]
+    [complete output]
+
+
+Contributing Code and Documentation
+===================================
+
+Before working on a new feature or a bug, please browse `existing issues`_
+to see whether it has been previously discussed. If the change in question
+is a bigger one, it's always good to discuss before your starting working on
+it.
+
+
+Development Environment
+-----------------------
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    git clone https://github.com/<YOU>/httpie
+
+    cd httpie
+
+    git checkout -b my_topical_branch
+
+    # (Recommended: create a new virtualenv)
+
+    # Install dev. requirements and also HTTPie (in editable mode
+    # so that the `http' command will point to your working copy):
+    make
+
+
+Making Changes
+--------------
+
+Please make sure your changes conform to `Style Guide for Python Code`_ (PEP8).
+
+
+Tests
+-----
+
+Before opening a pull requests, please make sure the `test suite`_ passes
+in all of the `supported Python environments`_. You should also **add tests
+for any new features and bug fixes**.
+
+HTTPie uses `pytest`_ and `Tox`_.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ### Running all tests:
+
+    # Current Python
+    make test
+
+    # Current Python with coverage
+    make test-cover
+
+    # All the supported and available Pythons via Tox
+    make test-tox
+
+    ### Running specific tests:
+
+    # Current Python
+    pytest tests/test_uploads.py
+
+    # All Pythons
+    tox -- tests/test_uploads.py --verbose
+
+
+Don't forget to add yourself to `AUTHORS.rst`_.
+
+
+.. _Tox: http://tox.testrun.org
+.. _supported Python environments: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/blob/master/tox.ini
+.. _existing issues: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues?state=open
+.. _AUTHORS.rst: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/blob/master/AUTHORS.rst
+.. _pytest: http://pytest.org/
+.. _Style Guide for Python Code: http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
+.. _test suite: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/tree/master/tests

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+VERSION=$(shell grep __version__ httpie/__init__.py)
+REQUIREMENTS="requirements-dev.txt"
+TAG="\n\n\033[0;32m\#\#\# "
+END=" \#\#\# \033[0m\n"
+
+all: test
+
+uninstall-httpie:
+	@echo $(TAG)Removing existing installation of HTTPie$(END)
+	- pip uninstall --yes httpie >/dev/null
+	! which http
+	@echo
+
+uninstall-all: uninstall-httpie
+	- pip uninstall --yes -r $(REQUIREMENTS)
+
+init: uninstall-httpie
+	@echo $(TAG)Installing dev requirements$(END)
+	pip install --upgrade -r $(REQUIREMENTS)
+	@echo $(TAG)Installing HTTPie$(END)
+	pip install --upgrade --editable .
+	@echo
+
+test: init
+	@echo $(TAG)Running tests in on current Python with coverage $(END)
+	py.test --cov ./httpie --cov ./tests --doctest-modules --verbose ./httpie ./tests
+	@echo
+
+test-tox: init
+	@echo $(TAG)Running tests on all Pythons via Tox$(END)
+	tox
+	@echo
+
+test-dist: test-sdist test-bdist-wheel
+	@echo
+
+test-sdist: clean uninstall-httpie
+	@echo $(TAG)Testing sdist build an installation$(END)
+	python setup.py sdist
+	pip install --force-reinstall --upgrade dist/*.gz
+	which http
+	@echo
+
+test-bdist-wheel: clean uninstall-httpie
+	@echo $(TAG)Testing wheel build an installation$(END)
+	python setup.py bdist_wheel
+	pip install --force-reinstall --upgrade dist/*.whl
+	which http
+	@echo
+
+# This tests everything, even this Makefile.
+test-all: uninstall-all clean init test test-tox test-dist
+
+publish: test-all
+	@echo $(TAG)Testing wheel build an installation$(END)
+	@echo "$(VERSION)"
+	@echo "$(VERSION)" | grep -q "dev"  && echo "!!!Not publishing dev version!!!" && exit 1
+	python setup.py register
+	python setup.py sdist upload
+	python setup.py bdist_wheel upload
+	@echo
+
+clean:
+	@echo $(TAG)Cleaning up$(END)
+	rm -rf .tox *.egg dist build .coverage
+	find . -name '__pycache__' -delete -print -o -name '*.pyc' -delete -print
+	@echo

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# https://ci.appveyor.com/project/jakubroztocil/httpie
+build: false
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - PYTHON: "C:/Python27"
+    - PYTHON: "C:/Python34"
+init:
+  - "ECHO %PYTHON%"
+  - ps: "ls C:/Python*"
+install:
+  - ps: (new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile('https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py', 'C:/get-pip.py')
+  - "%PYTHON%/python.exe C:/get-pip.py"
+  - "%PYTHON%/Scripts/pip.exe install -e ."
+test_script:
+  - "%PYTHON%/Scripts/pip.exe --version"
+  - "%PYTHON%/Scripts/http.exe --debug"
+  - "%PYTHON%/python.exe setup.py test"

httpie/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 """
-HTTPie - cURL for humans.
+HTTPie - a CLI, cURL-like tool for humans.
 
 """
 __author__ = 'Jakub Roztocil'
-__version__ = '0.2.8-alpha'
+__version__ = '0.9.0'
 __licence__ = 'BSD'
 
 
-class EXIT:
+class ExitStatus:
+    """Exit status code constants."""
     OK = 0
     ERROR = 1
     ERROR_TIMEOUT = 2

httpie/cli.py

@@ -3,207 +3,291 @@
 NOTE: the CLI interface may change before reaching v1.0.
 
 """
-from argparse import FileType, OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE, SUPPRESS
+from textwrap import dedent, wrap
+#noinspection PyCompatibility
+from argparse import (RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, FileType,
+                      OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE, SUPPRESS)
 
-from requests.compat import is_windows
-
-from . import __doc__
-from . import __version__
-from .config import DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
-from .output import AVAILABLE_STYLES, DEFAULT_STYLE
-from .input import (Parser, AuthCredentialsArgType, KeyValueArgType,
-                    SEP_PROXY, SEP_CREDENTIALS, SEP_GROUP_ITEMS,
-                    OUT_REQ_HEAD, OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_RESP_HEAD,
-                    OUT_RESP_BODY, OUTPUT_OPTIONS,
-                    PRETTY_MAP, PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY)
+from httpie import __doc__, __version__
+from httpie.plugins.builtin import BuiltinAuthPlugin
+from httpie.plugins import plugin_manager
+from httpie.sessions import DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR
+from httpie.output.formatters.colors import AVAILABLE_STYLES, DEFAULT_STYLE
+from httpie.input import (Parser, AuthCredentialsArgType, KeyValueArgType,
+                          SEP_PROXY, SEP_CREDENTIALS, SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS,
+                          OUT_REQ_HEAD, OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_RESP_HEAD,
+                          OUT_RESP_BODY, OUTPUT_OPTIONS,
+                          OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT, PRETTY_MAP,
+                          PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY, SessionNameValidator,
+                          readable_file_arg)
 
 
-def _(text):
-    """Normalize whitespace."""
-    return ' '.join(text.strip().split())
+class HTTPieHelpFormatter(RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):
+    """A nicer help formatter.
 
+    Help for arguments can be indented and contain new lines.
+    It will be de-dented and arguments in the help
+    will be separated by a blank line for better readability.
+
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, max_help_position=6, *args, **kwargs):
+        # A smaller indent for args help.
+        kwargs['max_help_position'] = max_help_position
+        super(HTTPieHelpFormatter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _split_lines(self, text, width):
+        text = dedent(text).strip() + '\n\n'
+        return text.splitlines()
 
 parser = Parser(
+    formatter_class=HTTPieHelpFormatter,
     description='%s <http://httpie.org>' % __doc__.strip(),
-    epilog=_('''
-        Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
-        https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/issues
-    ''')
+    epilog=dedent("""
+    For every --OPTION there is also a --no-OPTION that reverts OPTION
+    to its default value.
+
+    Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:
+
+        https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues
+
+    """)
 )
 
 
-
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Positional arguments.
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 
 positional = parser.add_argument_group(
-    title='Positional arguments',
-    description=_('''
-        These arguments come after any flags and in the
-        order they are listed here. Only URL is required.'''
-    )
+    title='Positional Arguments',
+    description=dedent("""
+    These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.
+    Only URL is required.
+
+    """)
 )
 positional.add_argument(
-    'method', metavar='METHOD',
+    'method',
+    metavar='METHOD',
     nargs=OPTIONAL,
     default=None,
-    help=_('''
-        The HTTP method to be used for the request
-        (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, ...).
-        If this argument is omitted, then HTTPie
-        will guess the HTTP method. If there is some
-        data to be sent, then it will be POST, otherwise GET.
-    ''')
+    help="""
+    The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).
+
+    This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there
+    is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:
+
+        $ http example.org               # => GET
+        $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST
+
+    """
 )
 positional.add_argument(
-    'url', metavar='URL',
-    help=_('''
-        The protocol defaults to http:// if the
-        URL does not include one.
-    ''')
+    'url',
+    metavar='URL',
+    help="""
+    The scheme defaults to 'http://' if the URL does not include one.
+
+    You can also use a shorthand for localhost
+
+        $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
+        $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo
+
+    """
 )
 positional.add_argument(
-    'items', metavar='REQUEST ITEM',
+    'items',
+    metavar='REQUEST_ITEM',
     nargs=ZERO_OR_MORE,
-    type=KeyValueArgType(*SEP_GROUP_ITEMS),
-    help=_('''
-        A key-value pair whose type is defined by the
-        separator used. It can be an HTTP header (header:value),
-        a data field to be used in the request body (field_name=value),
-        a raw JSON data field (field_name:=value),
-        a query parameter (name==value),
-        or a file field (field_name@/path/to/file).
-        You can use a backslash to escape a colliding
-        separator in the field name.
-    ''')
+    type=KeyValueArgType(*SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS),
+    help=r"""
+    Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used
+    determines the type:
+
+    ':' HTTP headers:
+
+        Referer:http://httpie.org  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
+
+    '==' URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
+
+        search==httpie
+
+    '=' Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with --json, -j)
+        or form data (with --form, -f):
+
+        name=HTTPie  language=Python  description='CLI HTTP client'
+
+    ':=' Non-string JSON data fields (only with --json, -j):
+
+        awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:='["red", "green", "blue"]'
+
+    '@' Form file fields (only with --form, -f):
+
+        cs@~/Documents/CV.pdf
+
+    '=@' A data field like '=', but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+         essay=@Documents/essay.txt
+
+    ':=@' A raw JSON field like ':=', but takes a file path and embeds its content:
+
+        package:=@./package.json
+
+    You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:
+
+        field-name-with\:colon=value
+
+    """
 )
 
 
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Content type.
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 
 content_type = parser.add_argument_group(
-    title='Predefined content types',
+    title='Predefined Content Types',
     description=None
-).add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
+)
 
 content_type.add_argument(
-    '--json', '-j', action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        (default) Data items from the command
-        line are serialized as a JSON object.
-        The Content-Type and Accept headers
-        are set to application/json (if not specified).
-    ''')
+    '--json', '-j',
+    action='store_true',
+    help="""
+    (default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.
+    The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json
+    (if not specified).
+
+    """
 )
 content_type.add_argument(
-    '--form', '-f', action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
-        The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-        (if not specified).
-        The presence of any file fields results
-        in a multipart/form-data request.
-     ''')
+    '--form', '-f',
+    action='store_true',
+    help="""
+    Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.
+
+    The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not
+    specified). The presence of any file fields results in a
+    multipart/form-data request.
+
+    """
 )
 
 
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Output processing
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 
-output_processing = parser.add_argument_group(title='Output processing')
+output_processing = parser.add_argument_group(title='Output Processing')
 
 output_processing.add_argument(
-    '--output', '-o', type=FileType('w+b'),
-    metavar='FILE',
-    help= SUPPRESS if not is_windows else _(
-        '''
-        Save output to FILE.
-        This option is a replacement for piping output to FILE,
-        which would on Windows result in corrupted data
-        being saved.
+    '--pretty',
+    dest='prettify',
+    default=PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY,
+    choices=sorted(PRETTY_MAP.keys()),
+    help="""
+    Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify
+    the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors
+    and formatting (default for terminal output), "colors", or "format".
 
-        '''
+    """
+)
+output_processing.add_argument(
+    '--style', '-s',
+    dest='style',
+    metavar='STYLE',
+    default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
+    choices=AVAILABLE_STYLES,
+    help="""
+    Output coloring style (default is "{default}"). One of:
+
+{available}
+
+    For this option to work properly, please make sure that the $TERM
+    environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar
+    (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
+
+    """.format(
+        default=DEFAULT_STYLE,
+        available='\n'.join(
+            '{0}{1}'.format(8*' ', line.strip())
+            for line in wrap(', '.join(sorted(AVAILABLE_STYLES)), 60)
+        ).rstrip(),
     )
 )
-output_processing.add_argument(
-    '--pretty', dest='prettify', default=PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY,
-    choices=sorted(PRETTY_MAP.keys()),
-    help=_('''
-        Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify
-        the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors
-        and formatting
-        (default for terminal output), "colors", or "format".
-    ''')
-)
-output_processing.add_argument(
-    '--style', '-s', dest='style', default=DEFAULT_STYLE, metavar='STYLE',
-    choices=AVAILABLE_STYLES,
-    help=_('''
-        Output coloring style. One of %s. Defaults to "%s".
-        For this option to work properly, please make sure that the
-        $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar
-        (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
-    ''') % (', '.join(sorted(AVAILABLE_STYLES)), DEFAULT_STYLE)
-)
 
 
-
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Output options
-###############################################################################
-output_options = parser.add_argument_group(title='Output options')
+#######################################################################
+output_options = parser.add_argument_group(title='Output Options')
 
-output_print = output_options.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
-output_print.add_argument('--print', '-p', dest='output_options',
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--print', '-p',
+    dest='output_options',
     metavar='WHAT',
-    help=_('''
-        String specifying what the output should contain:
-        "{request_headers}" stands for the request headers,  and
-        "{request_body}" for the request body.
-        "{response_headers}" stands for the response headers and
-        "{response_body}" for response the body.
-        The default behaviour is "hb" (i.e., the response
-        headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected.
-        If the output is piped to another program or to a file,
-        then only the body is printed by default.
-    '''.format(
-        request_headers=OUT_REQ_HEAD,
-        request_body=OUT_REQ_BODY,
-        response_headers=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
-        response_body=OUT_RESP_BODY,
-    ))
+    help="""
+    String specifying what the output should contain:
+
+        '{req_head}' request headers
+        '{req_body}' request body
+        '{res_head}' response headers
+        '{res_body}' response body
+
+    The default behaviour is '{default}' (i.e., the response headers and body
+    is printed), if standard output is not redirected. If the output is piped
+    to another program or to a file, then only the response body is printed
+    by default.
+
+    """
+    .format(
+        req_head=OUT_REQ_HEAD,
+        req_body=OUT_REQ_BODY,
+        res_head=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
+        res_body=OUT_RESP_BODY,
+        default=OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT,
+    )
 )
-output_print.add_argument(
-    '--verbose', '-v', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS),
-    help=_('''
-        Print the whole request as well as the response.
-        Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS)))
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--verbose', '-v',
+    dest='output_options',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS),
+    help="""
+    Print the whole request as well as the response. Shortcut for --print={0}.
+
+    """
+    .format(''.join(OUTPUT_OPTIONS))
 )
-output_print.add_argument(
-    '--headers', '-h', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
-    help=_('''
-        Print only the response headers.
-        Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(OUT_RESP_HEAD))
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--headers', '-h',
+    dest='output_options',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=OUT_RESP_HEAD,
+    help="""
+    Print only the response headers. Shortcut for --print={0}.
+
+    """
+    .format(OUT_RESP_HEAD)
 )
-output_print.add_argument(
-    '--body', '-b', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=OUT_RESP_BODY,
-    help=_('''
-        Print only the response body.
-        Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(OUT_RESP_BODY))
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--body', '-b',
+    dest='output_options',
+    action='store_const',
+    const=OUT_RESP_BODY,
+    help="""
+    Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print={0}.
+
+    """
+    .format(OUT_RESP_BODY)
 )
 
-output_options.add_argument('--stream', '-S', action='store_true', default=False,
-    help=_('''
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--stream', '-S',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    help="""
     Always stream the output by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f'.
 
     Without --stream and with --pretty (either set or implied),
@@ -215,138 +299,272 @@ output_options.add_argument('--stream', '-S', action='store_true', default=False
     It is useful also without --pretty: It ensures that the output is flushed
     more often and in smaller chunks.
 
-    '''
-))
+    """
+)
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--output', '-o',
+    type=FileType('a+b'),
+    dest='output_file',
+    metavar='FILE',
+    help="""
+    Save output to FILE. If --download is set, then only the response body is
+    saved to the file. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are printed to stderr.
+
+    """
+
+)
+
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--download', '-d',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    help="""
+    Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it
+    in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with --output
+    [filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.
+
+    """
+)
+
+output_options.add_argument(
+    '--continue', '-c',
+    dest='download_resume',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    help="""
+    Resume an interrupted download. Note that the --output option needs to be
+    specified as well.
+
+    """
+)
 
 
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Sessions
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
+
 sessions = parser.add_argument_group(title='Sessions')\
                  .add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
 
+session_name_validator = SessionNameValidator(
+    'Session name contains invalid characters.'
+)
+
 sessions.add_argument(
-    '--session', metavar='SESSION_NAME',
-    help=_('''
-    Create, or reuse and update a session.
-    Withing a session, custom headers, auth credential, as well as any
-    cookies sent by the server persist between requests.
-    You can use the `httpie' management command to manipulate
-    and inspect existing sessions. See `httpie --help'.
-    ''')
+    '--session',
+    metavar='SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH',
+    type=session_name_validator,
+    help="""
+    Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,
+    auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between
+    requests.
+
+    Session files are stored in:
+
+        {session_dir}/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.
+
+    """
+    .format(session_dir=DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR)
 )
 sessions.add_argument(
-    '--session-read-only', metavar='SESSION_NAME',
-    help=_('''
-        Create or reuse a session, but do not update it once saved.
-    ''')
+    '--session-read-only',
+    metavar='SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH',
+    type=session_name_validator,
+    help="""
+    Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response
+    exchange.
+
+    """
 )
 
 
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Authentication
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
+
 # ``requests.request`` keyword arguments.
 auth = parser.add_argument_group(title='Authentication')
 auth.add_argument(
-    '--auth', '-a', metavar='USER[:PASS]',
+    '--auth', '-a',
+    metavar='USER[:PASS]',
     type=AuthCredentialsArgType(SEP_CREDENTIALS),
-    help=_('''
-        If only the username is provided (-a username),
-        HTTPie will prompt for the password.
-    '''),
+    help="""
+    If only the username is provided (-a username), HTTPie will prompt
+    for the password.
+
+    """,
 )
 
+_auth_plugins = plugin_manager.get_auth_plugins()
 auth.add_argument(
-    '--auth-type', choices=['basic', 'digest'], default='basic',
-    help=_('''
-        The authentication mechanism to be used.
-        Defaults to "basic".
-    ''')
+    '--auth-type',
+    choices=[plugin.auth_type for plugin in _auth_plugins],
+    default=_auth_plugins[0].auth_type,
+    help="""
+    The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to "{default}".
+
+    {types}
+
+    """
+    .format(default=_auth_plugins[0].auth_type, types='\n    '.join(
+        '"{type}": {name}{package}{description}'.format(
+            type=plugin.auth_type,
+            name=plugin.name,
+            package=(
+                '' if issubclass(plugin, BuiltinAuthPlugin)
+                else ' (provided by %s)' % plugin.package_name
+            ),
+            description=(
+                '' if not plugin.description else
+                '\n      ' + ('\n      '.join(wrap(plugin.description)))
+            )
+        )
+        for plugin in _auth_plugins
+    )),
 )
 
 
-
+#######################################################################
 # Network
-#############################################
+#######################################################################
 
 network = parser.add_argument_group(title='Network')
 
 network.add_argument(
-    '--proxy', default=[], action='append', metavar='PROTOCOL:HOST',
+    '--proxy',
+    default=[],
+    action='append',
+    metavar='PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL',
     type=KeyValueArgType(SEP_PROXY),
-    help=_('''
-        String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
-        (e.g. http:foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple
-        proxies with different protocols.
-    ''')
+    help="""
+    String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy
+    (e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with
+    different protocols.
+
+    """
 )
 network.add_argument(
-    '--follow', default=False, action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        Set this flag if full redirects are allowed
-        (e.g. re-POST-ing of data at new ``Location``)
-    ''')
+    '--follow',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    help="""
+    Set this flag if full redirects are allowed (e.g. re-POST-ing of data at
+    new Location).
+
+    """
 )
 network.add_argument(
-    '--verify', default='yes',
-    help=_('''
-        Set to "no" to skip checking the host\'s SSL certificate.
-        You can also pass the  path to a CA_BUNDLE
-        file for private certs. You can also set
-        the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE  environment variable.
-        Defaults to "yes".
-    ''')
+    '--verify',
+    default='yes',
+    help="""
+    Set to "no" to skip checking the host's SSL certificate. You can also pass
+    the path to a CA_BUNDLE file for private certs. You can also set the
+    REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable. Defaults to "yes".
+
+    """
 )
 
 network.add_argument(
-    '--timeout', type=float, default=30, metavar='SECONDS',
-    help=_('''
-        The connection timeout of the request in seconds.
-        The default value is 30 seconds.
-    ''')
+    '--cert',
+    default=None,
+    type=readable_file_arg,
+    help="""
+    You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.
+    This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may
+    specify --cert-key separately.
+
+    """
+)
+
+network.add_argument(
+    '--cert-key',
+    default=None,
+    type=readable_file_arg,
+    help="""
+    The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given and the
+    certificate file does not contain the private key.
+
+    """
+)
+
+network.add_argument(
+    '--timeout',
+    type=float,
+    default=30,
+    metavar='SECONDS',
+    help="""
+    The connection timeout of the request in seconds. The default value is
+    30 seconds.
+
+    """
 )
 network.add_argument(
-    '--check-status', default=False, action='store_true',
-    help=_('''
-        By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal
-        errors occur.
+    '--check-status',
+    default=False,
+    action='store_true',
+    help="""
+    By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors
+    occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
+    exit with an error if the status indicates one.
 
-        This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and
-        exit with an error if the status indicates one.
+    When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)
+    status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a
+    3xx (Redirect) and --follow hasn't been set, then the exit status is 3.
+    Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
 
-        When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx
-        (Server Error) status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively.
-        If the response is a 3xx (Redirect) and --follow
-        hasn't been set, then the exit status is 3.
-
-        Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.
-
-    ''')
+    """
 )
 
 
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 # Troubleshooting
-###############################################################################
+#######################################################################
 
 troubleshooting = parser.add_argument_group(title='Troubleshooting')
 
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--ignore-stdin',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    help="""
+    Do not attempt to read stdin.
+
+    """
+)
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
     '--help',
-    action='help', default=SUPPRESS,
-    help='Show this help message and exit'
-)
-troubleshooting.add_argument('--version', action='version', version=__version__)
-troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    '--traceback', action='store_true', default=False,
-    help='Prints exception traceback should one occur.'
+    action='help',
+    default=SUPPRESS,
+    help="""
+    Show this help message and exit.
+
+    """
 )
 troubleshooting.add_argument(
-    '--debug', action='store_true', default=False,
-    help=_('''
-        Prints exception traceback should one occur, and also other
-        information that is useful for debugging HTTPie itself and
-        for bug reports.
-    ''')
+    '--version',
+    action='version',
+    version=__version__,
+    help="""
+    Show version and exit.
+
+    """
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--traceback',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    help="""
+    Prints exception traceback should one occur.
+
+    """
+)
+troubleshooting.add_argument(
+    '--debug',
+    action='store_true',
+    default=False,
+    help="""
+    Prints exception traceback should one occur, and also other information
+    that is useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.
+
+    """
 )

httpie/client.py

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ import sys
 from pprint import pformat
 
 import requests
-import requests.auth
-from requests.defaults import defaults
 
-from . import sessions
-from . import __version__
+from httpie import sessions
+from httpie import __version__
+from httpie.compat import str
+from httpie.plugins import plugin_manager
 
 
 FORM = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8'
@@ -18,71 +18,106 @@ DEFAULT_UA = 'HTTPie/%s' % __version__
 def get_response(args, config_dir):
     """Send the request and return a `request.Response`."""
 
-    requests_kwargs = get_requests_kwargs(args)
-
-    if args.debug:
-        sys.stderr.write(
-            '\n>>> requests.request(%s)\n\n' % pformat(requests_kwargs))
-
     if not args.session and not args.session_read_only:
-        return requests.request(**requests_kwargs)
+        requests_kwargs = get_requests_kwargs(args)
+        if args.debug:
+            dump_request(requests_kwargs)
+        response = requests.request(**requests_kwargs)
     else:
-        return sessions.get_response(
+        response = sessions.get_response(
+            args=args,
             config_dir=config_dir,
-            name=args.session or args.session_read_only,
-            request_kwargs=requests_kwargs,
+            session_name=args.session or args.session_read_only,
             read_only=bool(args.session_read_only),
         )
 
+    return response
 
-def get_requests_kwargs(args):
-    """Translate our `args` into `requests.request` keyword arguments."""
 
-    base_headers = defaults['base_headers'].copy()
-    base_headers['User-Agent'] = DEFAULT_UA
+def dump_request(kwargs):
+    sys.stderr.write('\n>>> requests.request(%s)\n\n'
+                     % pformat(kwargs))
+
+
+def encode_headers(headers):
+    # This allows for unicode headers which is non-standard but practical.
+    # See: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/212
+    return dict(
+        (name, value.encode('utf8') if isinstance(value, str) else value)
+        for name, value in headers.items()
+    )
+
+
+def get_default_headers(args):
+    default_headers = {
+        'User-Agent': DEFAULT_UA
+    }
 
     auto_json = args.data and not args.form
+    # FIXME: Accept is set to JSON with `http url @./file.txt`.
     if args.json or auto_json:
-        base_headers['Accept'] = 'application/json'
-        if args.data:
-            base_headers['Content-Type'] = JSON
-
-        if isinstance(args.data, dict):
-            # If not empty, serialize the data `dict` parsed from arguments.
-            # Otherwise set it to `None` avoid sending "{}".
-            args.data = json.dumps(args.data) if args.data else None
+        default_headers['Accept'] = 'application/json'
+        if args.json or (auto_json and args.data):
+            default_headers['Content-Type'] = JSON
 
     elif args.form and not args.files:
         # If sending files, `requests` will set
         # the `Content-Type` for us.
-        base_headers['Content-Type'] = FORM
+        default_headers['Content-Type'] = FORM
+    return default_headers
+
+
+def get_requests_kwargs(args, base_headers=None):
+    """
+    Translate our `args` into `requests.request` keyword arguments.
+
+    """
+    # Serialize JSON data, if needed.
+    data = args.data
+    auto_json = data and not args.form
+    if args.json or auto_json and isinstance(data, dict):
+        if data:
+            data = json.dumps(data)
+        else:
+            # We need to set data to an empty string to prevent requests
+            # from assigning an empty list to `response.request.data`.
+            data = ''
+
+    # Finalize headers.
+    headers = get_default_headers(args)
+    if base_headers:
+        headers.update(base_headers)
+    headers.update(args.headers)
+    headers = encode_headers(headers)
 
     credentials = None
     if args.auth:
-        credentials = {
-            'basic': requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth,
-            'digest': requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth,
-        }[args.auth_type](args.auth.key, args.auth.value)
+        auth_plugin = plugin_manager.get_auth_plugin(args.auth_type)()
+        credentials = auth_plugin.get_auth(args.auth.key, args.auth.value)
+
+    cert = None
+    if args.cert:
+        cert = args.cert
+        if args.cert_key:
+            cert = cert, args.cert_key
 
     kwargs = {
-        'prefetch': False,
+        'stream': True,
         'method': args.method.lower(),
         'url': args.url,
-        'headers': args.headers,
-        'data': args.data,
+        'headers': headers,
+        'data': data,
         'verify': {
             'yes': True,
             'no': False
         }.get(args.verify, args.verify),
+        'cert': cert,
         'timeout': args.timeout,
         'auth': credentials,
         'proxies': dict((p.key, p.value) for p in args.proxy),
         'files': args.files,
         'allow_redirects': args.follow,
         'params': args.params,
-        'config': {
-            'base_headers': base_headers
-        }
     }
 
     return kwargs

httpie/compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""
+Python 2.6, 2.7, and 3.x compatibility.
+
+"""
+# Borrow these from requests:
+# noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+from requests.compat import is_windows, bytes, str, is_py3, is_py26
+
+try:
+    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences,PyCompatibility
+    from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+except ImportError:
+    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences,PyCompatibility
+    from urlparse import urlsplit
+
+try:
+    # noinspection PyCompatibility
+    from urllib.request import urlopen
+except ImportError:
+    # noinspection PyCompatibility
+    from urllib2 import urlopen
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2.6 OrderedDict class, needed for headers, parameters, etc .###
+    # <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ordereddict/1.1>
+    # noinspection PyCompatibility
+    from UserDict import DictMixin
+
+    # noinspection PyShadowingBuiltins
+    class OrderedDict(dict, DictMixin):
+        # Copyright (c) 2009 Raymond Hettinger
+        #
+        # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+        # obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+        # (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+        # including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+        # publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+        # and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+        # subject to the following conditions:
+        #
+        #     The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+        #     included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+        #
+        #     THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+        #     EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+        #     OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+        #     NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+        #     HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+        #     WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+        #     FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+        #     OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+        # noinspection PyMissingConstructor
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if len(args) > 1:
+                raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d'
+                                % len(args))
+            try:
+                self.__end
+            except AttributeError:
+                self.clear()
+            self.update(*args, **kwds)
+
+        def clear(self):
+            self.__end = end = []
+            # noinspection PyUnusedLocal
+            end += [None, end, end]     # sentinel node for doubly linked list
+            self.__map = {}             # key --> [key, prev, next]
+            dict.clear(self)
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+            if key not in self:
+                end = self.__end
+                curr = end[1]
+                curr[2] = end[1] = self.__map[key] = [key, curr, end]
+            dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key):
+            dict.__delitem__(self, key)
+            key, prev, next = self.__map.pop(key)
+            prev[2] = next
+            next[1] = prev
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            end = self.__end
+            curr = end[2]
+            while curr is not end:
+                yield curr[0]
+                curr = curr[2]
+
+        def __reversed__(self):
+            end = self.__end
+            curr = end[1]
+            while curr is not end:
+                yield curr[0]
+                curr = curr[1]
+
+        def popitem(self, last=True):
+            if not self:
+                raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
+            if last:
+                key = reversed(self).next()
+            else:
+                key = iter(self).next()
+            value = self.pop(key)
+            return key, value
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
+            tmp = self.__map, self.__end
+            del self.__map, self.__end
+            inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
+            self.__map, self.__end = tmp
+            if inst_dict:
+                return self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict
+            return self.__class__, (items,)
+
+        def keys(self):
+            return list(self)
+
+        setdefault = DictMixin.setdefault
+        update = DictMixin.update
+        pop = DictMixin.pop
+        values = DictMixin.values
+        items = DictMixin.items
+        iterkeys = DictMixin.iterkeys
+        itervalues = DictMixin.itervalues
+        iteritems = DictMixin.iteritems
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if not self:
+                return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
+            return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
+
+        def copy(self):
+            return self.__class__(self)
+
+        # noinspection PyMethodOverriding
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
+            d = cls()
+            for key in iterable:
+                d[key] = value
+            return d
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
+                if len(self) != len(other):
+                    return False
+                for p, q in zip(self.items(), other.items()):
+                    if p != q:
+                        return False
+                return True
+            return dict.__eq__(self, other)
+
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return not self == other

httpie/config.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import os
 import json
 import errno
 
-from . import __version__
-from requests.compat import  is_windows
+from httpie import __version__
+from httpie.compat import is_windows
 
 
 DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR = os.environ.get(
@@ -16,29 +16,29 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR = os.environ.get(
 class BaseConfigDict(dict):
 
     name = None
-    help = None
-    directory=DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
-
-    def __init__(self, directory=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(BaseConfigDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        if directory:
-            self.directory = directory
+    helpurl = None
+    about = None
 
     def __getattr__(self, item):
         return self[item]
 
+    def _get_path(self):
+        """Return the config file path without side-effects."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
     @property
     def path(self):
+        """Return the config file path creating basedir, if needed."""
+        path = self._get_path()
         try:
-            os.makedirs(self.directory, mode=0o700)
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), mode=0o700)
         except OSError as e:
             if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                 raise
-        return os.path.join(self.directory, self.name + '.json')
+        return path
 
-    @property
     def is_new(self):
-        return not os.path.exists(self.path)
+        return not os.path.exists(self._get_path())
 
     def load(self):
         try:
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class BaseConfigDict(dict):
                 except ValueError as e:
                     raise ValueError(
                         'Invalid %s JSON: %s [%s]' %
-                        (type(self).__name__, e.message, self.path)
+                        (type(self).__name__, str(e), self.path)
                     )
                 self.update(data)
         except IOError as e:
@@ -56,7 +56,15 @@ class BaseConfigDict(dict):
                 raise
 
     def save(self):
-        self['__version__'] = __version__
+        self['__meta__'] = {
+            'httpie': __version__
+        }
+        if self.helpurl:
+            self['__meta__']['help'] = self.helpurl
+
+        if self.about:
+            self['__meta__']['about'] = self.about
+
         with open(self.path, 'w') as f:
             json.dump(self, f, indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=True)
             f.write('\n')
@@ -72,12 +80,18 @@ class BaseConfigDict(dict):
 class Config(BaseConfigDict):
 
     name = 'config'
+    helpurl = 'https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#config'
+    about = 'HTTPie configuration file'
 
     DEFAULTS = {
         'implicit_content_type': 'json',
         'default_options': []
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(Config, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(self, directory=DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR):
+        super(Config, self).__init__()
         self.update(self.DEFAULTS)
+        self.directory = directory
+
+    def _get_path(self):
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, self.name + '.json')

httpie/context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import sys
+
+from requests.compat import is_windows
+
+from httpie.config import DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR, Config
+
+
+class Environment(object):
+    """
+    Information about the execution context
+    (standard streams, config directory, etc).
+
+    By default, it represents the actual environment.
+    All of the attributes can be overwritten though, which
+    is used by the test suite to simulate various scenarios.
+
+    """
+    is_windows = is_windows
+    config_dir = DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
+    stdin = sys.stdin
+    stdin_isatty = stdin.isatty()
+    stdin_encoding = None
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    stdout_isatty = stdout.isatty()
+    stdout_encoding = None
+    stderr = sys.stderr
+    stderr_isatty = stderr.isatty()
+    colors = 256
+    if not is_windows:
+        import curses
+        try:
+            curses.setupterm()
+            try:
+                colors = curses.tigetnum('colors')
+            except TypeError:
+                # pypy3 (2.4.0)
+                colors = curses.tigetnum(b'colors')
+        except curses.error:
+            pass
+        del curses
+    else:
+        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+        import colorama.initialise
+        stdout = colorama.initialise.wrap_stream(
+            stdout, convert=None, strip=None,
+            autoreset=True, wrap=True
+        )
+        stderr = colorama.initialise.wrap_stream(
+            stderr, convert=None, strip=None,
+            autoreset=True, wrap=True
+        )
+        del colorama
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Use keyword arguments to overwrite
+        any of the class attributes for this instance.
+
+        """
+        assert all(hasattr(type(self), attr) for attr in kwargs.keys())
+        self.__dict__.update(**kwargs)
+
+        # Keyword arguments > stream.encoding > default utf8
+        if self.stdin_encoding is None:
+            self.stdin_encoding = getattr(
+                self.stdin, 'encoding', None) or 'utf8'
+        if self.stdout_encoding is None:
+            actual_stdout = self.stdout
+            if is_windows:
+                # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+                from colorama import AnsiToWin32
+                if isinstance(self.stdout, AnsiToWin32):
+                    actual_stdout = self.stdout.wrapped
+            self.stdout_encoding = getattr(
+                actual_stdout, 'encoding', None) or 'utf8'
+
+    @property
+    def config(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, '_config'):
+            self._config = Config(directory=self.config_dir)
+            if self._config.is_new():
+                self._config.save()
+            else:
+                self._config.load()
+        return self._config

httpie/core.py

@@ -2,47 +2,50 @@
 
 Invocation flow:
 
-    1. Read, validate and process the input (args, `stdin`).
-    2. Create and send a request.
-    3. Stream, and possibly process and format, the requested parts
-       of the request-response exchange.
-    4. Simultaneously write to `stdout`
-    5. Exit.
+  1. Read, validate and process the input (args, `stdin`).
+  2. Create and send a request.
+  3. Stream, and possibly process and format, the parts
+     of the request-response exchange selected by output options.
+  4. Simultaneously write to `stdout`
+  5. Exit.
 
 """
 import sys
 import errno
 
 import requests
-from requests.compat import str, is_py3
-from httpie import __version__ as httpie_version
 from requests import __version__ as requests_version
 from pygments import __version__ as pygments_version
 
-from .cli import parser
-from .client import get_response
-from .models import Environment
-from .output import output_stream, write, write_with_colors_win_p3k
-from . import EXIT
+from httpie import __version__ as httpie_version, ExitStatus
+from httpie.compat import str, bytes, is_py3
+from httpie.client import get_response
+from httpie.downloads import Download
+from httpie.context import Environment
+from httpie.plugins import plugin_manager
+from httpie.output.streams import (
+    build_output_stream,
+    write, write_with_colors_win_py3
+)
 
 
-def get_exist_status(code, follow=False):
-    """Translate HTTP status code to exit status."""
-    if 300 <= code <= 399 and not follow:
+def get_exit_status(http_status, follow=False):
+    """Translate HTTP status code to exit status code."""
+    if 300 <= http_status <= 399 and not follow:
         # Redirect
-        return EXIT.ERROR_HTTP_3XX
-    elif 400 <= code <= 499:
+        return ExitStatus.ERROR_HTTP_3XX
+    elif 400 <= http_status <= 499:
         # Client Error
-        return EXIT.ERROR_HTTP_4XX
-    elif 500 <= code <= 599:
+        return ExitStatus.ERROR_HTTP_4XX
+    elif 500 <= http_status <= 599:
         # Server Error
-        return EXIT.ERROR_HTTP_5XX
+        return ExitStatus.ERROR_HTTP_5XX
     else:
-        return EXIT.OK
+        return ExitStatus.OK
 
 
 def print_debug_info(env):
-    sys.stderr.writelines([
+    env.stderr.writelines([
         'HTTPie %s\n' % httpie_version,
         'HTTPie data: %s\n' % env.config.directory,
         'Requests %s\n' % requests_version,
@@ -51,73 +54,140 @@ def print_debug_info(env):
     ])
 
 
+def decode_args(args, stdin_encoding):
+    """
+    Convert all bytes ags to str
+    by decoding them using stdin encoding.
+
+    """
+    return [
+        arg.decode(stdin_encoding)
+        if type(arg) == bytes else arg
+        for arg in args
+    ]
+
+
 def main(args=sys.argv[1:], env=Environment()):
     """Run the main program and write the output to ``env.stdout``.
 
-    Return exit status.
+    Return exit status code.
 
     """
+    args = decode_args(args, env.stdin_encoding)
+    plugin_manager.load_installed_plugins()
+
+    from httpie.cli import parser
+
     if env.config.default_options:
         args = env.config.default_options + args
 
-    def error(msg, *args):
+    def error(msg, *args, **kwargs):
         msg = msg % args
-        env.stderr.write('\nhttp: error: %s\n' % msg)
+        level = kwargs.get('level', 'error')
+        env.stderr.write('\nhttp: %s: %s\n' % (level, msg))
 
     debug = '--debug' in args
     traceback = debug or '--traceback' in args
-    status = EXIT.OK
+    exit_status = ExitStatus.OK
 
     if debug:
         print_debug_info(env)
         if args == ['--debug']:
-            sys.exit(EXIT.OK)
+            return exit_status
+
+    download = None
 
     try:
         args = parser.parse_args(args=args, env=env)
 
+        if args.download:
+            args.follow = True  # --download implies --follow.
+            download = Download(
+                output_file=args.output_file,
+                progress_file=env.stderr,
+                resume=args.download_resume
+            )
+            download.pre_request(args.headers)
+
         response = get_response(args, config_dir=env.config.directory)
 
-        if args.check_status:
-            status = get_exist_status(response.status_code,
-                                      args.follow)
-            if status and not env.stdout_isatty:
-                error('%s %s', response.raw.status, response.raw.reason)
+        if args.check_status or download:
 
-        stream = output_stream(args, env, response.request, response)
+            exit_status = get_exit_status(
+                http_status=response.status_code,
+                follow=args.follow
+            )
+
+            if not env.stdout_isatty and exit_status != ExitStatus.OK:
+                error('HTTP %s %s',
+                      response.raw.status,
+                      response.raw.reason,
+                      level='warning')
 
         write_kwargs = {
-            'stream': stream,
+            'stream': build_output_stream(
+                args, env, response.request, response),
+
+            # This will in fact be `stderr` with `--download`
             'outfile': env.stdout,
+
             'flush': env.stdout_isatty or args.stream
         }
+
         try:
+
             if env.is_windows and is_py3 and 'colors' in args.prettify:
-                write_with_colors_win_p3k(**write_kwargs)
+                write_with_colors_win_py3(**write_kwargs)
             else:
                 write(**write_kwargs)
 
+            if download and exit_status == ExitStatus.OK:
+                # Response body download.
+                download_stream, download_to = download.start(response)
+                write(
+                    stream=download_stream,
+                    outfile=download_to,
+                    flush=False,
+                )
+                download.finish()
+                if download.interrupted:
+                    exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR
+                    error('Incomplete download: size=%d; downloaded=%d' % (
+                        download.status.total_size,
+                        download.status.downloaded
+                    ))
+
         except IOError as e:
             if not traceback and e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
                 # Ignore broken pipes unless --traceback.
                 env.stderr.write('\n')
             else:
                 raise
-
-    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
         if traceback:
             raise
         env.stderr.write('\n')
-        status = EXIT.ERROR
+        exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR
+    except SystemExit as e:
+        if e.code != ExitStatus.OK:
+            if traceback:
+                raise
+            env.stderr.write('\n')
+            exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR
     except requests.Timeout:
-        status = EXIT.ERROR_TIMEOUT
+        exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR_TIMEOUT
         error('Request timed out (%ss).', args.timeout)
+
     except Exception as e:
-        # TODO: distinguish between expected and unexpected errors.
-        #       network errors vs. bugs, etc.
+        # TODO: Better distinction between expected and unexpected errors.
+        #       Network errors vs. bugs, etc.
         if traceback:
             raise
         error('%s: %s', type(e).__name__, str(e))
-        status = EXIT.ERROR
+        exit_status = ExitStatus.ERROR
 
-    return status
+    finally:
+        if download and not download.finished:
+            download.failed()
+
+    return exit_status

httpie/downloads.py

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+"""
+Download mode implementation.
+
+"""
+from __future__ import division
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import mimetypes
+import threading
+from time import sleep, time
+from mailbox import Message
+
+from httpie.output.streams import RawStream
+from httpie.models import HTTPResponse
+from httpie.utils import humanize_bytes
+from httpie.compat import urlsplit
+
+
+PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
+
+
+CLEAR_LINE = '\r\033[K'
+PROGRESS = (
+    '{percentage: 6.2f} %'
+    ' {downloaded: >10}'
+    ' {speed: >10}/s'
+    ' {eta: >8} ETA'
+)
+PROGRESS_NO_CONTENT_LENGTH = '{downloaded: >10} {speed: >10}/s'
+SUMMARY = 'Done. {downloaded} in {time:0.5f}s ({speed}/s)\n'
+SPINNER = '|/-\\'
+
+
+class ContentRangeError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+def parse_content_range(content_range, resumed_from):
+    """
+    Parse and validate Content-Range header.
+
+    <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html>
+
+    :param content_range: the value of a Content-Range response header
+                          eg. "bytes 21010-47021/47022"
+    :param resumed_from: first byte pos. from the Range request header
+    :return: total size of the response body when fully downloaded.
+
+    """
+    if content_range is None:
+        raise ContentRangeError('Missing Content-Range')
+
+    pattern = (
+        '^bytes (?P<first_byte_pos>\d+)-(?P<last_byte_pos>\d+)'
+        '/(\*|(?P<instance_length>\d+))$'
+    )
+    match = re.match(pattern, content_range)
+
+    if not match:
+        raise ContentRangeError(
+            'Invalid Content-Range format %r' % content_range)
+
+    content_range_dict = match.groupdict()
+    first_byte_pos = int(content_range_dict['first_byte_pos'])
+    last_byte_pos = int(content_range_dict['last_byte_pos'])
+    instance_length = (
+        int(content_range_dict['instance_length'])
+        if content_range_dict['instance_length']
+        else None
+    )
+
+    # "A byte-content-range-spec with a byte-range-resp-spec whose
+    # last- byte-pos value is less than its first-byte-pos value,
+    # or whose instance-length value is less than or equal to its
+    # last-byte-pos value, is invalid. The recipient of an invalid
+    # byte-content-range- spec MUST ignore it and any content
+    # transferred along with it."
+    if (first_byte_pos >= last_byte_pos
+            or (instance_length is not None
+                and instance_length <= last_byte_pos)):
+        raise ContentRangeError(
+            'Invalid Content-Range returned: %r' % content_range)
+
+    if (first_byte_pos != resumed_from
+        or (instance_length is not None
+            and last_byte_pos + 1 != instance_length)):
+        # Not what we asked for.
+        raise ContentRangeError(
+            'Unexpected Content-Range returned (%r)'
+            ' for the requested Range ("bytes=%d-")'
+            % (content_range, resumed_from)
+        )
+
+    return last_byte_pos + 1
+
+
+def filename_from_content_disposition(content_disposition):
+    """
+    Extract and validate filename from a Content-Disposition header.
+
+    :param content_disposition: Content-Disposition value
+    :return: the filename if present and valid, otherwise `None`
+
+    """
+    # attachment; filename=jakubroztocil-httpie-0.4.1-20-g40bd8f6.tar.gz
+
+    msg = Message('Content-Disposition: %s' % content_disposition)
+    filename = msg.get_filename()
+    if filename:
+        # Basic sanitation.
+        filename = os.path.basename(filename).lstrip('.').strip()
+        if filename:
+            return filename
+
+
+def filename_from_url(url, content_type):
+    fn = urlsplit(url).path.rstrip('/')
+    fn = os.path.basename(fn) if fn else 'index'
+    if '.' not in fn and content_type:
+        content_type = content_type.split(';')[0]
+        if content_type == 'text/plain':
+            # mimetypes returns '.ksh'
+            ext = '.txt'
+        else:
+            ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(content_type)
+
+        if ext == '.htm':  # Python 3
+            ext = '.html'
+
+        if ext:
+            fn += ext
+
+    return fn
+
+
+def get_unique_filename(filename, exists=os.path.exists):
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        suffix = '-' + str(attempt) if attempt > 0 else ''
+        if not exists(filename + suffix):
+            return filename + suffix
+        attempt += 1
+
+
+class Download(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, output_file=None,
+                 resume=False, progress_file=sys.stderr):
+        """
+        :param resume: Should the download resume if partial download
+                       already exists.
+        :type resume: bool
+
+        :param output_file: The file to store response body in. If not
+                            provided, it will be guessed from the response.
+
+        :param progress_file: Where to report download progress.
+
+        """
+        self._output_file = output_file
+        self._resume = resume
+        self._resumed_from = 0
+        self.finished = False
+
+        self.status = Status()
+        self._progress_reporter = ProgressReporterThread(
+            status=self.status,
+            output=progress_file
+        )
+
+    def pre_request(self, request_headers):
+        """Called just before the HTTP request is sent.
+
+        Might alter `request_headers`.
+
+        :type request_headers: dict
+
+        """
+        # Disable content encoding so that we can resume, etc.
+        request_headers['Accept-Encoding'] = None
+        if self._resume:
+            bytes_have = os.path.getsize(self._output_file.name)
+            if bytes_have:
+                # Set ``Range`` header to resume the download
+                # TODO: Use "If-Range: mtime" to make sure it's fresh?
+                request_headers['Range'] = 'bytes=%d-' % bytes_have
+                self._resumed_from = bytes_have
+
+    def start(self, response):
+        """
+        Initiate and return a stream for `response` body  with progress
+        callback attached. Can be called only once.
+
+        :param response: Initiated response object with headers already fetched
+        :type response: requests.models.Response
+
+        :return: RawStream, output_file
+
+        """
+        assert not self.status.time_started
+
+        try:
+            total_size = int(response.headers['Content-Length'])
+        except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
+            total_size = None
+
+        if self._output_file:
+            if self._resume and response.status_code == PARTIAL_CONTENT:
+                total_size = parse_content_range(
+                    response.headers.get('Content-Range'),
+                    self._resumed_from
+                )
+
+            else:
+                self._resumed_from = 0
+                try:
+                    self._output_file.seek(0)
+                    self._output_file.truncate()
+                except IOError:
+                    pass  # stdout
+        else:
+            # TODO: Should the filename be taken from response.history[0].url?
+            # Output file not specified. Pick a name that doesn't exist yet.
+            filename = None
+            if 'Content-Disposition' in response.headers:
+                filename = filename_from_content_disposition(
+                    response.headers['Content-Disposition'])
+            if not filename:
+                filename = filename_from_url(
+                    url=response.url,
+                    content_type=response.headers.get('Content-Type'),
+                )
+            self._output_file = open(get_unique_filename(filename), mode='a+b')
+
+        self.status.started(
+            resumed_from=self._resumed_from,
+            total_size=total_size
+        )
+
+        stream = RawStream(
+            msg=HTTPResponse(response),
+            with_headers=False,
+            with_body=True,
+            on_body_chunk_downloaded=self.chunk_downloaded,
+            chunk_size=1024 * 8
+        )
+
+        self._progress_reporter.output.write(
+            'Downloading %sto "%s"\n' % (
+                (humanize_bytes(total_size) + ' '
+                 if total_size is not None
+                 else ''),
+                self._output_file.name
+            )
+        )
+        self._progress_reporter.start()
+
+        return stream, self._output_file
+
+    def finish(self):
+        assert not self.finished
+        self.finished = True
+        self.status.finished()
+
+    def failed(self):
+        self._progress_reporter.stop()
+
+    @property
+    def interrupted(self):
+        return (
+            self.finished
+            and self.status.total_size
+            and self.status.total_size != self.status.downloaded
+        )
+
+    def chunk_downloaded(self, chunk):
+        """
+        A download progress callback.
+
+        :param chunk: A chunk of response body data that has just
+                      been downloaded and written to the output.
+        :type chunk: bytes
+
+        """
+        self.status.chunk_downloaded(len(chunk))
+
+
+class Status(object):
+    """Holds details about the downland status."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.downloaded = 0
+        self.total_size = None
+        self.resumed_from = 0
+        self.time_started = None
+        self.time_finished = None
+
+    def started(self, resumed_from=0, total_size=None):
+        assert self.time_started is None
+        if total_size is not None:
+            self.total_size = total_size
+        self.downloaded = self.resumed_from = resumed_from
+        self.time_started = time()
+
+    def chunk_downloaded(self, size):
+        assert self.time_finished is None
+        self.downloaded += size
+
+    @property
+    def has_finished(self):
+        return self.time_finished is not None
+
+    def finished(self):
+        assert self.time_started is not None
+        assert self.time_finished is None
+        self.time_finished = time()
+
+
+class ProgressReporterThread(threading.Thread):
+    """
+    Reports download progress based on its status.
+
+    Uses threading to periodically update the status (speed, ETA, etc.).
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, status, output, tick=.1, update_interval=1):
+        """
+
+        :type status: Status
+        :type output: file
+        """
+        super(ProgressReporterThread, self).__init__()
+        self.status = status
+        self.output = output
+        self._tick = tick
+        self._update_interval = update_interval
+        self._spinner_pos = 0
+        self._status_line = ''
+        self._prev_bytes = 0
+        self._prev_time = time()
+        self._should_stop = threading.Event()
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop reporting on next tick."""
+        self._should_stop.set()
+
+    def run(self):
+        while not self._should_stop.is_set():
+            if self.status.has_finished:
+                self.sum_up()
+                break
+
+            self.report_speed()
+            sleep(self._tick)
+
+    def report_speed(self):
+
+        now = time()
+
+        if now - self._prev_time >= self._update_interval:
+            downloaded = self.status.downloaded
+            try:
+                speed = ((downloaded - self._prev_bytes)
+                         / (now - self._prev_time))
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
+                speed = 0
+
+            if not self.status.total_size:
+                self._status_line = PROGRESS_NO_CONTENT_LENGTH.format(
+                    downloaded=humanize_bytes(downloaded),
+                    speed=humanize_bytes(speed),
+                )
+            else:
+                try:
+                    percentage = downloaded / self.status.total_size * 100
+                except ZeroDivisionError:
+                    percentage = 0
+
+                if not speed:
+                    eta = '-:--:--'
+                else:
+                    s = int((self.status.total_size - downloaded) / speed)
+                    h, s = divmod(s, 60 * 60)
+                    m, s = divmod(s, 60)
+                    eta = '{0}:{1:0>2}:{2:0>2}'.format(h, m, s)
+
+                self._status_line = PROGRESS.format(
+                    percentage=percentage,
+                    downloaded=humanize_bytes(downloaded),
+                    speed=humanize_bytes(speed),
+                    eta=eta,
+                )
+
+            self._prev_time = now
+            self._prev_bytes = downloaded
+
+        self.output.write(
+            CLEAR_LINE
+            + ' '
+            + SPINNER[self._spinner_pos]
+            + ' '
+            + self._status_line
+        )
+        self.output.flush()
+
+        self._spinner_pos = (self._spinner_pos + 1
+                             if self._spinner_pos + 1 != len(SPINNER)
+                             else 0)
+
+    def sum_up(self):
+        actually_downloaded = (self.status.downloaded
+                               - self.status.resumed_from)
+        time_taken = self.status.time_finished - self.status.time_started
+
+        self.output.write(CLEAR_LINE)
+
+        try:
+            speed = actually_downloaded / time_taken
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            # Either time is 0 (not all systems provide `time.time`
+            # with a better precision than 1 second), and/or nothing
+            # has been downloaded.
+            speed = actually_downloaded
+
+        self.output.write(SUMMARY.format(
+            downloaded=humanize_bytes(actually_downloaded),
+            total=(self.status.total_size
+                   and humanize_bytes(self.status.total_size)),
+            speed=humanize_bytes(speed),
+            time=time_taken,
+        ))
+        self.output.flush()

httpie/input.py

@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import re
-import json
+import errno
 import mimetypes
 import getpass
 from io import BytesIO
-from argparse import ArgumentParser, ArgumentTypeError
-
-try:
-    from collections import OrderedDict
-except ImportError:
-    OrderedDict = dict
+from collections import namedtuple
+# noinspection PyCompatibility
+from argparse import ArgumentParser, ArgumentTypeError, ArgumentError
 
+# TODO: Use MultiDict for headers once added to `requests`.
+# https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/130
 from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
-from requests.compat import str, urlparse
+
+from httpie.compat import OrderedDict, urlsplit, str
+from httpie.sessions import VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN
+from httpie.utils import load_json_preserve_order
 
 
 HTTP_POST = 'POST'
@@ -32,22 +34,40 @@ SEP_PROXY = ':'
 SEP_DATA = '='
 SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON = ':='
 SEP_FILES = '@'
+SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE = '=@'
+SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE = ':=@'
 SEP_QUERY = '=='
 
 # Separators that become request data
 SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS = frozenset([
     SEP_DATA,
     SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON,
-    SEP_FILES
+    SEP_FILES,
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE,
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE
+])
+
+# Separators for items whose value is a filename to be embedded
+SEP_GROUP_DATA_EMBED_ITEMS = frozenset([
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE,
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE,
+])
+
+# Separators for raw JSON items
+SEP_GROUP_RAW_JSON_ITEMS = frozenset([
+    SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON,
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE,
 ])
 
 # Separators allowed in ITEM arguments
-SEP_GROUP_ITEMS = frozenset([
+SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS = frozenset([
     SEP_HEADERS,
     SEP_QUERY,
     SEP_DATA,
     SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON,
-    SEP_FILES
+    SEP_FILES,
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_FILE,
+    SEP_DATA_EMBED_RAW_JSON_FILE,
 ])
 
 
@@ -91,41 +111,46 @@ class Parser(ArgumentParser):
         kwargs['add_help'] = False
         super(Parser, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    #noinspection PyMethodOverriding
+    # noinspection PyMethodOverriding
     def parse_args(self, env, args=None, namespace=None):
 
         self.env = env
+        self.args, no_options = super(Parser, self)\
+            .parse_known_args(args, namespace)
 
-        args = super(Parser, self).parse_args(args, namespace)
+        if self.args.debug:
+            self.args.traceback = True
 
-        if not args.json and env.config.implicit_content_type == 'form':
-            args.form = True
+        # Arguments processing and environment setup.
+        self._apply_no_options(no_options)
+        self._apply_config()
+        self._validate_download_options()
+        self._setup_standard_streams()
+        self._process_output_options()
+        self._process_pretty_options()
+        self._guess_method()
+        self._parse_items()
+        if not self.args.ignore_stdin and not env.stdin_isatty:
+            self._body_from_file(self.env.stdin)
+        if not (self.args.url.startswith((HTTP, HTTPS))):
+            scheme = HTTP
 
-        if args.debug:
-            args.traceback = True
+            # See if we're using curl style shorthand for localhost (:3000/foo)
+            shorthand = re.match(r'^:(?!:)(\d*)(/?.*)$', self.args.url)
+            if shorthand:
+                port = shorthand.group(1)
+                rest = shorthand.group(2)
+                self.args.url = scheme + 'localhost'
+                if port:
+                    self.args.url += ':' + port
+                self.args.url += rest
+            else:
+                self.args.url = scheme + self.args.url
+        self._process_auth()
 
-        if args.output:
-            env.stdout = args.output
-            env.stdout_isatty = False
-
-        self._process_output_options(args, env)
-        self._process_pretty_options(args, env)
-        self._guess_method(args, env)
-        self._parse_items(args)
-
-        if not env.stdin_isatty:
-            self._body_from_file(args, env.stdin)
-
-        if not (args.url.startswith(HTTP) or args.url.startswith(HTTPS)):
-            scheme = HTTPS if env.progname == 'https' else HTTP
-            args.url = scheme + args.url
-
-        if args.auth and not args.auth.has_password():
-            # Stdin already read (if not a tty) so it's save to prompt.
-            args.auth.prompt_password(urlparse(args.url).netloc)
-
-        return args
+        return self.args
 
+    # noinspection PyShadowingBuiltins
     def _print_message(self, message, file=None):
         # Sneak in our stderr/stdout.
         file = {
@@ -133,116 +158,235 @@ class Parser(ArgumentParser):
             sys.stderr: self.env.stderr,
             None: self.env.stderr
         }.get(file, file)
-
+        if not hasattr(file, 'buffer') and isinstance(message, str):
+            message = message.encode(self.env.stdout_encoding)
         super(Parser, self)._print_message(message, file)
 
-    def _body_from_file(self, args, fd):
+    def _setup_standard_streams(self):
+        """
+        Modify `env.stdout` and `env.stdout_isatty` based on args, if needed.
+
+        """
+        if not self.env.stdout_isatty and self.args.output_file:
+            self.error('Cannot use --output, -o with redirected output.')
+
+        if self.args.download:
+            # FIXME: Come up with a cleaner solution.
+            if not self.env.stdout_isatty:
+                # Use stdout as the download output file.
+                self.args.output_file = self.env.stdout
+            # With `--download`, we write everything that would normally go to
+            # `stdout` to `stderr` instead. Let's replace the stream so that
+            # we don't have to use many `if`s throughout the codebase.
+            # The response body will be treated separately.
+            self.env.stdout = self.env.stderr
+            self.env.stdout_isatty = self.env.stderr_isatty
+        elif self.args.output_file:
+            # When not `--download`ing, then `--output` simply replaces
+            # `stdout`. The file is opened for appending, which isn't what
+            # we want in this case.
+            self.args.output_file.seek(0)
+            try:
+                self.args.output_file.truncate()
+            except IOError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.EINVAL:
+                    # E.g. /dev/null on Linux.
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    raise
+            self.env.stdout = self.args.output_file
+            self.env.stdout_isatty = False
+
+    def _apply_config(self):
+        if (not self.args.json
+                and self.env.config.implicit_content_type == 'form'):
+            self.args.form = True
+
+    def _process_auth(self):
+        """
+        If only a username provided via --auth, then ask for a password.
+        Or, take credentials from the URL, if provided.
+
+        """
+        url = urlsplit(self.args.url)
+
+        if self.args.auth:
+            if not self.args.auth.has_password():
+                # Stdin already read (if not a tty) so it's save to prompt.
+                if self.args.ignore_stdin:
+                    self.error('Unable to prompt for passwords because'
+                               ' --ignore-stdin is set.')
+                self.args.auth.prompt_password(url.netloc)
+
+        elif url.username is not None:
+            # Handle http://username:password@hostname/
+            username = url.username
+            password = url.password or ''
+            self.args.auth = AuthCredentials(
+                key=username,
+                value=password,
+                sep=SEP_CREDENTIALS,
+                orig=SEP_CREDENTIALS.join([username, password])
+            )
+
+    def _apply_no_options(self, no_options):
+        """For every `--no-OPTION` in `no_options`, set `args.OPTION` to
+        its default value. This allows for un-setting of options, e.g.,
+        specified in config.
+
+        """
+        invalid = []
+
+        for option in no_options:
+            if not option.startswith('--no-'):
+                invalid.append(option)
+                continue
+
+            # --no-option => --option
+            inverted = '--' + option[5:]
+            for action in self._actions:
+                if inverted in action.option_strings:
+                    setattr(self.args, action.dest, action.default)
+                    break
+            else:
+                invalid.append(option)
+
+        if invalid:
+            msg = 'unrecognized arguments: %s'
+            self.error(msg % ' '.join(invalid))
+
+    def _body_from_file(self, fd):
         """There can only be one source of request data.
 
         Bytes are always read.
 
         """
-        if args.data:
+        if self.args.data:
             self.error('Request body (from stdin or a file) and request '
                        'data (key=value) cannot be mixed.')
-        args.data = getattr(fd, 'buffer', fd).read()
+        self.args.data = getattr(fd, 'buffer', fd).read()
 
-    def _guess_method(self, args, env):
+    def _guess_method(self):
         """Set `args.method` if not specified to either POST or GET
         based on whether the request has data or not.
 
         """
-        if args.method is None:
+        if self.args.method is None:
             # Invoked as `http URL'.
-            assert not args.items
-            if not env.stdin_isatty:
-                args.method = HTTP_POST
+            assert not self.args.items
+            if not self.args.ignore_stdin and not self.env.stdin_isatty:
+                self.args.method = HTTP_POST
             else:
-                args.method = HTTP_GET
+                self.args.method = HTTP_GET
 
         # FIXME: False positive, e.g., "localhost" matches but is a valid URL.
-        elif not re.match('^[a-zA-Z]+$', args.method):
+        elif not re.match('^[a-zA-Z]+$', self.args.method):
             # Invoked as `http URL item+'. The URL is now in `args.method`
             # and the first ITEM is now incorrectly in `args.url`.
             try:
                 # Parse the URL as an ITEM and store it as the first ITEM arg.
-                args.items.insert(
-                    0, KeyValueArgType(*SEP_GROUP_ITEMS).__call__(args.url))
+                self.args.items.insert(0, KeyValueArgType(
+                    *SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS).__call__(self.args.url))
 
             except ArgumentTypeError as e:
-                if args.traceback:
+                if self.args.traceback:
                     raise
-                self.error(e.message)
+                self.error(e.args[0])
 
             else:
                 # Set the URL correctly
-                args.url = args.method
+                self.args.url = self.args.method
                 # Infer the method
-                has_data = not env.stdin_isatty or any(
-                    item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS for item in args.items)
-                args.method = HTTP_POST if has_data else HTTP_GET
+                has_data = (
+                    (not self.args.ignore_stdin and not self.env.stdin_isatty)
+                     or any(item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS
+                            for item in self.args.items)
+                )
+                self.args.method = HTTP_POST if has_data else HTTP_GET
 
-    def _parse_items(self, args):
-        """Parse `args.items` into `args.headers`, `args.data`,
-        `args.`, and `args.files`.
+    def _parse_items(self):
+        """Parse `args.items` into `args.headers`, `args.data`, `args.params`,
+         and `args.files`.
 
         """
-        args.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
-        args.data = ParamDict() if args.form else OrderedDict()
-        args.files = OrderedDict()
-        args.params = ParamDict()
-
         try:
-            parse_items(items=args.items,
-                        headers=args.headers,
-                        data=args.data,
-                        files=args.files,
-                        params=args.params)
+            items = parse_items(
+                items=self.args.items,
+                data_class=ParamsDict if self.args.form else OrderedDict
+            )
         except ParseError as e:
-            if args.traceback:
+            if self.args.traceback:
                 raise
-            self.error(e.message)
+            self.error(e.args[0])
+        else:
+            self.args.headers = items.headers
+            self.args.data = items.data
+            self.args.files = items.files
+            self.args.params = items.params
 
-        if args.files and not args.form:
+        if self.args.files and not self.args.form:
             # `http url @/path/to/file`
-            file_fields = list(args.files.keys())
+            file_fields = list(self.args.files.keys())
             if file_fields != ['']:
                 self.error(
                     'Invalid file fields (perhaps you meant --form?): %s'
                     % ','.join(file_fields))
 
-            fn, fd = args.files['']
-            args.files = {}
-            self._body_from_file(args, fd)
-            if 'Content-Type' not in args.headers:
+            fn, fd = self.args.files['']
+            self.args.files = {}
+
+            self._body_from_file(fd)
+
+            if 'Content-Type' not in self.args.headers:
                 mime, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(fn, strict=False)
                 if mime:
                     content_type = mime
                     if encoding:
                         content_type = '%s; charset=%s' % (mime, encoding)
-                    args.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
+                    self.args.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
 
-    def _process_output_options(self, args, env):
-        """Apply defaults to output options or validate the provided ones.
+    def _process_output_options(self):
+        """Apply defaults to output options, or validate the provided ones.
 
         The default output options are stdout-type-sensitive.
 
         """
-        if not args.output_options:
-            args.output_options = (OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT if env.stdout_isatty
-                                else OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED)
+        if not self.args.output_options:
+            self.args.output_options = (
+                OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT
+                if self.env.stdout_isatty
+                else OUTPUT_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_STDOUT_REDIRECTED
+            )
 
-        unknown = set(args.output_options) - OUTPUT_OPTIONS
-        if unknown:
-            self.error('Unknown output options: %s' % ','.join(unknown))
+        unknown_output_options = set(self.args.output_options) - OUTPUT_OPTIONS
+        if unknown_output_options:
+            self.error(
+                'Unknown output options: %s' % ','.join(unknown_output_options)
+            )
 
-    def _process_pretty_options(self, args, env):
-        if args.prettify == PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY:
-            args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP['all' if env.stdout_isatty else 'none']
-        elif args.prettify and env.is_windows:
+        if self.args.download and OUT_RESP_BODY in self.args.output_options:
+            # Response body is always downloaded with --download and it goes
+            # through a different routine, so we remove it.
+            self.args.output_options = str(
+                set(self.args.output_options) - set(OUT_RESP_BODY))
+
+    def _process_pretty_options(self):
+        if self.args.prettify == PRETTY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY:
+            self.args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[
+                'all' if self.env.stdout_isatty else 'none']
+        elif self.args.prettify and self.env.is_windows:
             self.error('Only terminal output can be colorized on Windows.')
         else:
-            args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[args.prettify]
+            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
+            self.args.prettify = PRETTY_MAP[self.args.prettify]
+
+    def _validate_download_options(self):
+        if not self.args.download:
+            if self.args.download_resume:
+                self.error('--continue only works with --download')
+        if self.args.download_resume and not (
+                self.args.download and self.args.output_file):
+            self.error('--continue requires --output to be specified')
 
 
 class ParseError(Exception):
@@ -261,6 +405,22 @@ class KeyValue(object):
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.__dict__)
+
+
+class SessionNameValidator(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, error_message):
+        self.error_message = error_message
+
+    def __call__(self, value):
+        # Session name can be a path or just a name.
+        if (os.path.sep not in value
+                and not VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN.search(value)):
+            raise ArgumentError(None, self.error_message)
+        return value
+
 
 class KeyValueArgType(object):
     """A key-value pair argument type used with `argparse`.
@@ -274,6 +434,9 @@ class KeyValueArgType(object):
 
     def __init__(self, *separators):
         self.separators = separators
+        self.special_characters = set('\\')
+        for separator in separators:
+            self.special_characters.update(separator)
 
     def __call__(self, string):
         """Parse `string` and return `self.key_value_class()` instance.
@@ -288,25 +451,25 @@ class KeyValueArgType(object):
         class Escaped(str):
             """Represents an escaped character."""
 
-        def tokenize(s):
-            """Tokenize `s`. There are only two token types - strings
+        def tokenize(string):
+            """Tokenize `string`. There are only two token types - strings
             and escaped characters:
 
-            >>> tokenize(r'foo\=bar\\baz')
-            ['foo', Escaped('='), 'bar', Escaped('\\'), 'baz']
+            tokenize(r'foo\=bar\\baz')
+            => ['foo', Escaped('='), 'bar', Escaped('\\'), 'baz']
 
             """
             tokens = ['']
-            esc = False
-            for c in s:
-                if esc:
-                    tokens.extend([Escaped(c), ''])
-                    esc = False
-                else:
-                    if c == '\\':
-                        esc = True
+            characters = iter(string)
+            for char in characters:
+                if char == '\\':
+                    char = next(characters, '')
+                    if char not in self.special_characters:
+                        tokens[-1] += '\\' + char
                     else:
-                        tokens[-1] += c
+                        tokens.extend([Escaped(char), ''])
+                else:
+                    tokens[-1] += char
             return tokens
 
         tokens = tokenize(string)
@@ -343,7 +506,7 @@ class KeyValueArgType(object):
 
         else:
             raise ArgumentTypeError(
-                '"%s" is not a valid value' % string)
+                u'"%s" is not a valid value' % string)
 
         return self.key_value_class(
             key=key, value=value, sep=sep, orig=string)
@@ -391,7 +554,7 @@ class AuthCredentialsArgType(KeyValueArgType):
             )
 
 
-class ParamDict(OrderedDict):
+class RequestItemsDict(OrderedDict):
     """Multi-value dict for URL parameters and form data."""
 
     #noinspection PyMethodOverriding
@@ -403,35 +566,49 @@ class ParamDict(OrderedDict):
         data and URL params.
 
         """
-        # NOTE: Won't work when used for form data with multiple values
-        # for a field and a file field is present:
-        # https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/issues/737
+        assert not isinstance(value, list)
         if key not in self:
-            super(ParamDict, self).__setitem__(key, value)
+            super(RequestItemsDict, self).__setitem__(key, value)
         else:
             if not isinstance(self[key], list):
-                super(ParamDict, self).__setitem__(key, [self[key]])
+                super(RequestItemsDict, self).__setitem__(key, [self[key]])
             self[key].append(value)
 
 
-def parse_items(items, data=None, headers=None, files=None, params=None):
+class ParamsDict(RequestItemsDict):
+    pass
+
+
+class DataDict(RequestItemsDict):
+
+    def items(self):
+        for key, values in super(RequestItemsDict, self).items():
+            if not isinstance(values, list):
+                values = [values]
+            for value in values:
+                yield key, value
+
+
+RequestItems = namedtuple('RequestItems',
+                          ['headers', 'data', 'files', 'params'])
+
+
+def parse_items(items,
+                headers_class=CaseInsensitiveDict,
+                data_class=OrderedDict,
+                files_class=DataDict,
+                params_class=ParamsDict):
     """Parse `KeyValue` `items` into `data`, `headers`, `files`,
     and `params`.
 
     """
-    if headers is None:
-        headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
-    if data is None:
-        data = OrderedDict()
-    if files is None:
-        files = OrderedDict()
-    if params is None:
-        params = ParamDict()
+    headers = []
+    data = []
+    files = []
+    params = []
 
     for item in items:
-
         value = item.value
-        key = item.key
 
         if item.sep == SEP_HEADERS:
             target = headers
@@ -443,21 +620,45 @@ def parse_items(items, data=None, headers=None, files=None, params=None):
                     value = (os.path.basename(value),
                              BytesIO(f.read()))
             except IOError as e:
-                raise ParseError(
-                    'Invalid argument "%s": %s' % (item.orig, e))
+                raise ParseError('"%s": %s' % (item.orig, e))
             target = files
 
-        elif item.sep in [SEP_DATA, SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON]:
-            if item.sep == SEP_DATA_RAW_JSON:
+        elif item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_ITEMS:
+
+            if item.sep in SEP_GROUP_DATA_EMBED_ITEMS:
                 try:
-                    value = json.loads(item.value)
-                except ValueError:
-                    raise ParseError('"%s" is not valid JSON' % item.orig)
+                    with open(os.path.expanduser(value), 'rb') as f:
+                        value = f.read().decode('utf8')
+                except IOError as e:
+                    raise ParseError('"%s": %s' % (item.orig, e))
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    raise ParseError(
+                        '"%s": cannot embed the content of "%s",'
+                        ' not a UTF8 or ASCII-encoded text file'
+                        % (item.orig, item.value)
+                    )
+
+            if item.sep in SEP_GROUP_RAW_JSON_ITEMS:
+                try:
+                    value = load_json_preserve_order(value)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    raise ParseError('"%s": %s' % (item.orig, e))
             target = data
 
         else:
             raise TypeError(item)
 
-        target[key] = value
+        target.append((item.key, value))
 
-    return headers, data, files, params
+    return RequestItems(headers_class(headers),
+                        data_class(data),
+                        files_class(files),
+                        params_class(params))
+
+
+def readable_file_arg(filename):
+    try:
+        open(filename, 'rb')
+    except IOError as ex:
+        raise ArgumentTypeError('%s: %s' % (filename, ex.args[1]))
+    return filename

httpie/manage.py

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Provides the `httpie' management command.
-
-Note that the main `http' command points to `httpie.__main__.main()`.
-
-"""
-import argparse
-
-from . import sessions
-from . import __version__
-
-
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-    description='The HTTPie management command.',
-    version=__version__
-)
-subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
-
-
-# Only sessions as of now.
-sessions.add_commands(subparsers)
-
-
-def main():
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    args.command(args)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

httpie/models.py

@@ -1,56 +1,4 @@
-import os
-import sys
-from requests.compat import urlparse, is_windows, bytes, str
-
-from .config import DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR, Config
-
-
-class Environment(object):
-    """Holds information about the execution context.
-
-    Groups various aspects of the environment in a changeable object
-    and allows for mocking.
-
-    """
-
-    #noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
-    is_windows = is_windows
-
-    progname = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
-    if progname not in ['http', 'https']:
-        progname = 'http'
-
-    stdin_isatty = sys.stdin.isatty()
-    stdin = sys.stdin
-    stdout_isatty = sys.stdout.isatty()
-
-    config_dir = DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
-
-    if stdout_isatty and is_windows:
-        from colorama.initialise import wrap_stream
-        stdout = wrap_stream(sys.stdout, convert=None,
-                             strip=None, autoreset=True, wrap=True)
-    else:
-        stdout = sys.stdout
-    stderr = sys.stderr
-
-    # Can be set to 0 to disable colors completely.
-    colors = 256 if '256color' in os.environ.get('TERM', '') else 88
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        assert all(hasattr(type(self), attr)
-                   for attr in kwargs.keys())
-        self.__dict__.update(**kwargs)
-
-    @property
-    def config(self):
-        if not hasattr(self, '_config'):
-            self._config = Config(directory=self.config_dir)
-            if self._config.is_new:
-                self._config.save()
-            else:
-                self._config.load()
-        return self._config
+from httpie.compat import urlsplit, str
 
 
 class HTTPMessage(object):
@@ -86,8 +34,8 @@ class HTTPMessage(object):
     def content_type(self):
         """Return the message content type."""
         ct = self._orig.headers.get('Content-Type', '')
-        if isinstance(ct, bytes):
-            ct = ct.decode()
+        if not isinstance(ct, str):
+            ct = ct.decode('utf8')
         return ct
 
 
@@ -100,11 +48,13 @@ class HTTPResponse(HTTPMessage):
     def iter_lines(self, chunk_size):
         return ((line, b'\n') for line in self._orig.iter_lines(chunk_size))
 
+    #noinspection PyProtectedMember
     @property
     def headers(self):
         original = self._orig.raw._original_response
+        version = {9: '0.9', 10: '1.0', 11: '1.1'}[original.version]
         status_line = 'HTTP/{version} {status} {reason}'.format(
-            version='.'.join(str(original.version)),
+            version=version,
             status=original.status,
             reason=original.reason
         )
@@ -143,40 +93,33 @@ class HTTPRequest(HTTPMessage):
 
     @property
     def headers(self):
-        """Return Request-Line"""
-        url = urlparse(self._orig.url)
+        url = urlsplit(self._orig.url)
 
-        # Querystring
-        qs = ''
-        if url.query or self._orig.params:
-            qs = '?'
-            if url.query:
-                qs += url.query
-            # Requests doesn't make params part of ``request.url``.
-            if self._orig.params:
-                if url.query:
-                    qs += '&'
-                #noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
-                qs += type(self._orig)._encode_params(self._orig.params)
-
-        # Request-Line
         request_line = '{method} {path}{query} HTTP/1.1'.format(
             method=self._orig.method,
             path=url.path or '/',
-            query=qs
+            query='?' + url.query if url.query else ''
         )
 
         headers = dict(self._orig.headers)
+        if 'Host' not in self._orig.headers:
+            headers['Host'] = url.netloc.split('@')[-1]
 
-        if 'Host' not in headers:
-            headers['Host'] = urlparse(self._orig.url).netloc
-
-        headers = ['%s: %s' % (name, value)
-                   for name, value in headers.items()]
+        headers = [
+            '%s: %s' % (
+                name,
+                value if isinstance(value, str) else value.decode('utf8')
+            )
+            for name, value in headers.items()
+        ]
 
         headers.insert(0, request_line)
+        headers = '\r\n'.join(headers).strip()
 
-        return '\r\n'.join(headers).strip()
+        if isinstance(headers, bytes):
+            # Python < 3
+            headers = headers.decode('utf8')
+        return headers
 
     @property
     def encoding(self):
@@ -184,26 +127,8 @@ class HTTPRequest(HTTPMessage):
 
     @property
     def body(self):
-        """Reconstruct and return the original request body bytes."""
-        if self._orig.files:
-            # TODO: would be nice if we didn't need to encode the files again
-            # FIXME: Also the boundary header doesn't match the one used.
-            for fn, fd in self._orig.files.values():
-                # Rewind the files as they have already been read before.
-                fd.seek(0)
-            body, _ = self._orig._encode_files(self._orig.files)
-        else:
-            try:
-                body = self._orig.data
-            except AttributeError:
-                # requests < 0.12.1
-                body = self._orig._enc_data
-
-            if isinstance(body, dict):
-                #noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
-                body = type(self._orig)._encode_params(body)
-
-            if isinstance(body, str):
-                body = body.encode('utf8')
-
-        return body
+        body = self._orig.body
+        if isinstance(body, str):
+            # Happens with JSON/form request data parsed from the command line.
+            body = body.encode('utf8')
+        return body or b''

httpie/output.py

@@ -1,496 +0,0 @@
-"""Output streaming, processing and formatting.
-
-"""
-import json
-from functools import partial
-from itertools import chain
-
-import pygments
-from pygments import token, lexer
-from pygments.styles import get_style_by_name, STYLE_MAP
-from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_for_mimetype, get_lexer_by_name
-from pygments.formatters.terminal import TerminalFormatter
-from pygments.formatters.terminal256 import Terminal256Formatter
-from pygments.util import ClassNotFound
-from requests.compat import is_windows
-
-from .solarized import Solarized256Style
-from .models import HTTPRequest, HTTPResponse, Environment
-from .input import (OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_REQ_HEAD,
-                    OUT_RESP_HEAD, OUT_RESP_BODY)
-
-
-# Colors on Windows via colorama don't look that
-# great and fruity seems to give the best result there.
-AVAILABLE_STYLES = set(STYLE_MAP.keys())
-AVAILABLE_STYLES.add('solarized')
-DEFAULT_STYLE = 'solarized' if not is_windows else 'fruity'
-
-
-BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE = (
-    b'\n'
-    b'+-----------------------------------------+\n'
-    b'| NOTE: binary data not shown in terminal |\n'
-    b'+-----------------------------------------+'
-)
-
-
-class BinarySuppressedError(Exception):
-    """An error indicating that the body is binary and won't be written,
-     e.g., for terminal output)."""
-
-    message = BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Output Streams
-###############################################################################
-
-
-def write(stream, outfile, flush):
-    """Write the output stream."""
-    try:
-        # Writing bytes so we use the buffer interface (Python 3).
-        buf = outfile.buffer
-    except AttributeError:
-        buf = outfile
-
-    for chunk in stream:
-        buf.write(chunk)
-        if flush:
-            outfile.flush()
-
-
-def write_with_colors_win_p3k(stream, outfile, flush):
-    """Like `write`, but colorized chunks are written as text
-    directly to `outfile` to ensure it gets processed by colorama.
-    Applies only to Windows with Python 3 and colorized terminal output.
-
-    """
-    color = b'\x1b['
-    encoding = outfile.encoding
-    for chunk in stream:
-        if color in chunk:
-            outfile.write(chunk.decode(encoding))
-        else:
-            outfile.buffer.write(chunk)
-        if flush:
-            outfile.flush()
-
-
-def output_stream(args, env, request, response):
-    """Build and return a chain of iterators over the `request`-`response`
-    exchange each of which yields `bytes` chunks.
-
-    """
-
-    Stream = make_stream(env, args)
-
-    req_h = OUT_REQ_HEAD in args.output_options
-    req_b = OUT_REQ_BODY in args.output_options
-    resp_h = OUT_RESP_HEAD in args.output_options
-    resp_b = OUT_RESP_BODY in args.output_options
-
-    req = req_h or req_b
-    resp = resp_h or resp_b
-
-    output = []
-
-    if req:
-        output.append(Stream(
-            msg=HTTPRequest(request),
-            with_headers=req_h,
-            with_body=req_b))
-
-    if req_b and resp:
-        # Request/Response separator.
-        output.append([b'\n\n'])
-
-    if resp:
-        output.append(Stream(
-            msg=HTTPResponse(response),
-            with_headers=resp_h,
-            with_body=resp_b))
-
-    if env.stdout_isatty and resp_b:
-        # Ensure a blank line after the response body.
-        # For terminal output only.
-        output.append([b'\n\n'])
-
-    return chain(*output)
-
-
-def make_stream(env, args):
-    """Pick the right stream type based on `env` and `args`.
-    Wrap it in a partial with the type-specific args so that
-    we don't need to think what stream we are dealing with.
-
-    """
-    if not env.stdout_isatty and not args.prettify:
-        Stream = partial(
-            RawStream,
-            chunk_size=RawStream.CHUNK_SIZE_BY_LINE
-                       if args.stream
-                       else RawStream.CHUNK_SIZE
-        )
-    elif args.prettify:
-        Stream = partial(
-            PrettyStream if args.stream else BufferedPrettyStream,
-            env=env,
-            processor=OutputProcessor(
-                env=env, groups=args.prettify, pygments_style=args.style),
-        )
-    else:
-        Stream = partial(EncodedStream, env=env)
-
-    return Stream
-
-
-class BaseStream(object):
-    """Base HTTP message stream class."""
-
-    def __init__(self, msg, with_headers=True, with_body=True):
-        """
-        :param msg: a :class:`models.HTTPMessage` subclass
-        :param with_headers: if `True`, headers will be included
-        :param with_body: if `True`, body will be included
-
-        """
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.with_headers = with_headers
-        self.with_body = with_body
-
-    def _headers(self):
-        """Return the headers' bytes."""
-        return self.msg.headers.encode('ascii')
-
-    def _body(self):
-        """Return an iterator over the message body."""
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        """Return an iterator over `self.msg`."""
-        if self.with_headers:
-            yield self._headers()
-            yield b'\r\n\r\n'
-
-        if self.with_body:
-            try:
-                for chunk in self._body():
-                    yield chunk
-            except BinarySuppressedError as e:
-                if self.with_headers:
-                    yield b'\n'
-                yield e.message
-
-
-class RawStream(BaseStream):
-    """The message is streamed in chunks with no processing."""
-
-    CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 100
-    CHUNK_SIZE_BY_LINE = 1024 * 5
-
-    def __init__(self, chunk_size=CHUNK_SIZE, **kwargs):
-        super(RawStream, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-        self.chunk_size = chunk_size
-
-    def _body(self):
-        return self.msg.iter_body(self.chunk_size)
-
-
-class EncodedStream(BaseStream):
-    """Encoded HTTP message stream.
-
-    The message bytes are converted to an encoding suitable for
-    `self.env.stdout`. Unicode errors are replaced and binary data
-    is suppressed. The body is always streamed by line.
-
-    """
-    CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 5
-
-    def __init__(self, env=Environment(), **kwargs):
-
-        super(EncodedStream, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-
-        if env.stdout_isatty:
-            # Use the encoding supported by the terminal.
-            output_encoding = getattr(env.stdout, 'encoding', None)
-        else:
-            # Preserve the message encoding.
-            output_encoding = self.msg.encoding
-
-        # Default to utf8 when unsure.
-        self.output_encoding = output_encoding or 'utf8'
-
-    def _body(self):
-
-        for line, lf in self.msg.iter_lines(self.CHUNK_SIZE):
-
-            if b'\0' in line:
-                raise BinarySuppressedError()
-
-            yield line.decode(self.msg.encoding)\
-                      .encode(self.output_encoding, 'replace') + lf
-
-
-class PrettyStream(EncodedStream):
-    """In addition to :class:`EncodedStream` behaviour, this stream applies
-    content processing.
-
-    Useful for long-lived HTTP responses that stream by lines
-    such as the Twitter streaming API.
-
-    """
-
-    CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 5
-
-    def __init__(self, processor, **kwargs):
-        super(PrettyStream, self).__init__(**kwargs)
-        self.processor = processor
-
-    def _headers(self):
-        return self.processor.process_headers(
-            self.msg.headers).encode(self.output_encoding)
-
-    def _body(self):
-        for line, lf in self.msg.iter_lines(self.CHUNK_SIZE):
-            if b'\0' in line:
-                raise BinarySuppressedError()
-            yield self._process_body(line) + lf
-
-    def _process_body(self, chunk):
-        return (self.processor
-                    .process_body(
-                        chunk.decode(self.msg.encoding, 'replace'),
-                        self.msg.content_type)
-                    .encode(self.output_encoding, 'replace'))
-
-
-class BufferedPrettyStream(PrettyStream):
-    """The same as :class:`PrettyStream` except that the body is fully
-    fetched before it's processed.
-
-    Suitable regular HTTP responses.
-
-    """
-
-    CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 10
-
-    def _body(self):
-
-        #noinspection PyArgumentList
-        # Read the whole body before prettifying it,
-        # but bail out immediately if the body is binary.
-        body = bytearray()
-        for chunk in self.msg.iter_body(self.CHUNK_SIZE):
-            if b'\0' in chunk:
-                raise BinarySuppressedError()
-            body.extend(chunk)
-
-        yield self._process_body(body)
-
-
-###############################################################################
-# Processing
-###############################################################################
-
-class HTTPLexer(lexer.RegexLexer):
-    """Simplified HTTP lexer for Pygments.
-
-    It only operates on headers and provides a stronger contrast between
-    their names and values than the original one bundled with Pygments
-    (:class:`pygments.lexers.text import HttpLexer`), especially when
-    Solarized color scheme is used.
-
-    """
-    name = 'HTTP'
-    aliases = ['http']
-    filenames = ['*.http']
-    tokens = {
-        'root': [
-            # Request-Line
-            (r'([A-Z]+)( +)([^ ]+)( +)(HTTP)(/)(\d+\.\d+)',
-             lexer.bygroups(
-                 token.Name.Function,
-                 token.Text,
-                 token.Name.Namespace,
-                 token.Text,
-                 token.Keyword.Reserved,
-                 token.Operator,
-                 token.Number
-             )),
-            # Response Status-Line
-            (r'(HTTP)(/)(\d+\.\d+)( +)(\d{3})( +)(.+)',
-             lexer.bygroups(
-                 token.Keyword.Reserved,  # 'HTTP'
-                 token.Operator,  # '/'
-                 token.Number,  # Version
-                 token.Text,
-                 token.Number,  # Status code
-                 token.Text,
-                 token.Name.Exception,  # Reason
-             )),
-            # Header
-            (r'(.*?)( *)(:)( *)(.+)', lexer.bygroups(
-                token.Name.Attribute,  # Name
-                token.Text,
-                token.Operator,  # Colon
-                token.Text,
-                token.String  # Value
-            ))
-        ]
-    }
-
-
-class BaseProcessor(object):
-    """Base, noop output processor class."""
-
-    enabled = True
-
-    def __init__(self, env=Environment(), **kwargs):
-        """
-        :param env: an class:`Environment` instance
-        :param kwargs: additional keyword argument that some
-                       processor might require.
-
-        """
-        self.env = env
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
-
-    def process_headers(self, headers):
-        """Return processed `headers`
-
-        :param headers: The headers as text.
-
-        """
-        return headers
-
-    def process_body(self, content, content_type, subtype):
-        """Return processed `content`.
-
-        :param content: The body content as text
-        :param content_type: Full content type, e.g., 'application/atom+xml'.
-        :param subtype: E.g. 'xml'.
-
-        """
-        return content
-
-
-class JSONProcessor(BaseProcessor):
-    """JSON body processor."""
-
-    def process_body(self, content, content_type, subtype):
-        if subtype == 'json':
-            try:
-                # Indent the JSON data, sort keys by name, and
-                # avoid unicode escapes to improve readability.
-                content = json.dumps(json.loads(content),
-                                     sort_keys=True,
-                                     ensure_ascii=False,
-                                     indent=4)
-            except ValueError:
-                # Invalid JSON but we don't care.
-                pass
-        return content
-
-
-class PygmentsProcessor(BaseProcessor):
-    """A processor that applies syntax-highlighting using Pygments
-    to the headers, and to the body as well if its content type is recognized.
-
-    """
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(PygmentsProcessor, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-        # Cache that speeds up when we process streamed body by line.
-        self.lexers_by_type = {}
-
-        if not self.env.colors:
-            self.enabled = False
-            return
-
-        try:
-            style = get_style_by_name(
-                self.kwargs.get('pygments_style', DEFAULT_STYLE))
-        except ClassNotFound:
-            style = Solarized256Style
-
-        if self.env.is_windows or self.env.colors == 256:
-            fmt_class = Terminal256Formatter
-        else:
-            fmt_class = TerminalFormatter
-        self.formatter = fmt_class(style=style)
-
-    def process_headers(self, headers):
-        return pygments.highlight(
-            headers, HTTPLexer(), self.formatter).strip()
-
-    def process_body(self, content, content_type, subtype):
-        try:
-            lexer = self.lexers_by_type.get(content_type)
-            if not lexer:
-                try:
-                    lexer = get_lexer_for_mimetype(content_type)
-                except ClassNotFound:
-                    lexer = get_lexer_by_name(subtype)
-                self.lexers_by_type[content_type] = lexer
-        except ClassNotFound:
-            pass
-        else:
-            content = pygments.highlight(content, lexer, self.formatter)
-        return content.strip()
-
-
-class HeadersProcessor(BaseProcessor):
-    """Sorts headers by name retaining relative order of multiple headers
-    with the same name.
-
-    """
-    def process_headers(self, headers):
-        lines = headers.splitlines()
-        headers = sorted(lines[1:], key=lambda h: h.split(':')[0])
-        return '\r\n'.join(lines[:1] + headers)
-
-
-class OutputProcessor(object):
-    """A delegate class that invokes the actual processors."""
-
-    installed_processors = {
-        'format': [
-            HeadersProcessor,
-            JSONProcessor
-        ],
-        'colors': [
-            PygmentsProcessor
-        ]
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, groups, env=Environment(), **kwargs):
-        """
-        :param env: a :class:`models.Environment` instance
-        :param groups: the groups of processors to be applied
-        :param kwargs: additional keyword arguments for processors
-
-        """
-        self.processors = []
-        for group in groups:
-            for cls in self.installed_processors[group]:
-                processor = cls(env, **kwargs)
-                if processor.enabled:
-                    self.processors.append(processor)
-
-    def process_headers(self, headers):
-        for processor in self.processors:
-            headers = processor.process_headers(headers)
-        return headers
-
-    def process_body(self, content, content_type):
-        # e.g., 'application/atom+xml'
-        content_type = content_type.split(';')[0]
-        # e.g., 'xml'
-        subtype = content_type.split('/')[-1].split('+')[-1]
-
-        for processor in self.processors:
-            content = processor.process_body(content, content_type, subtype)
-
-        return content

httpie/output/formatters/colors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+import pygments.lexer
+import pygments.token
+import pygments.styles
+import pygments.lexers
+import pygments.style
+from pygments.formatters.terminal import TerminalFormatter
+from pygments.formatters.terminal256 import Terminal256Formatter
+from pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from httpie.compat import is_windows
+from httpie.plugins import FormatterPlugin
+
+
+# Colors on Windows via colorama don't look that
+# great and fruity seems to give the best result there.
+AVAILABLE_STYLES = set(pygments.styles.STYLE_MAP.keys())
+AVAILABLE_STYLES.add('solarized')
+DEFAULT_STYLE = 'solarized' if not is_windows else 'fruity'
+
+
+class ColorFormatter(FormatterPlugin):
+    """
+    Colorize using Pygments
+
+    This processor that applies syntax highlighting to the headers,
+    and also to the body if its content type is recognized.
+
+    """
+    group_name = 'colors'
+
+    def __init__(self, env, color_scheme=DEFAULT_STYLE, **kwargs):
+        super(ColorFormatter, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        if not env.colors:
+            self.enabled = False
+            return
+
+        # Cache to speed things up when we process streamed body by line.
+        self.lexer_cache = {}
+
+        try:
+            style_class = pygments.styles.get_style_by_name(color_scheme)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            style_class = Solarized256Style
+
+        if env.colors == 256:
+            fmt_class = Terminal256Formatter
+        else:
+            fmt_class = TerminalFormatter
+        self.formatter = fmt_class(style=style_class)
+
+    def format_headers(self, headers):
+        return pygments.highlight(headers, HTTPLexer(), self.formatter).strip()
+
+    def format_body(self, body, mime):
+        lexer = self.get_lexer(mime)
+        if lexer:
+            body = pygments.highlight(body, lexer, self.formatter)
+        return body.strip()
+
+    def get_lexer(self, mime):
+        if mime in self.lexer_cache:
+            return self.lexer_cache[mime]
+        self.lexer_cache[mime] = get_lexer(mime)
+        return self.lexer_cache[mime]
+
+
+def get_lexer(mime):
+    mime_types, lexer_names = [mime], []
+    type_, subtype = mime.split('/')
+    if '+' not in subtype:
+        lexer_names.append(subtype)
+    else:
+        subtype_name, subtype_suffix = subtype.split('+')
+        lexer_names.extend([subtype_name, subtype_suffix])
+        mime_types.extend([
+            '%s/%s' % (type_, subtype_name),
+            '%s/%s' % (type_, subtype_suffix)
+        ])
+    # as a last resort, if no lexer feels responsible, and
+    # the subtype contains 'json', take the JSON lexer
+    if 'json' in subtype:
+        lexer_names.append('json')
+    lexer = None
+    for mime_type in mime_types:
+        try:
+            lexer = pygments.lexers.get_lexer_for_mimetype(mime_type)
+            break
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            pass
+    else:
+        for name in lexer_names:
+            try:
+                lexer = pygments.lexers.get_lexer_by_name(name)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+    return lexer
+
+
+class HTTPLexer(pygments.lexer.RegexLexer):
+    """Simplified HTTP lexer for Pygments.
+
+    It only operates on headers and provides a stronger contrast between
+    their names and values than the original one bundled with Pygments
+    (:class:`pygments.lexers.text import HttpLexer`), especially when
+    Solarized color scheme is used.
+
+    """
+    name = 'HTTP'
+    aliases = ['http']
+    filenames = ['*.http']
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            # Request-Line
+            (r'([A-Z]+)( +)([^ ]+)( +)(HTTP)(/)(\d+\.\d+)',
+             pygments.lexer.bygroups(
+                 pygments.token.Name.Function,
+                 pygments.token.Text,
+                 pygments.token.Name.Namespace,
+                 pygments.token.Text,
+                 pygments.token.Keyword.Reserved,
+                 pygments.token.Operator,
+                 pygments.token.Number
+             )),
+            # Response Status-Line
+            (r'(HTTP)(/)(\d+\.\d+)( +)(\d{3})( +)(.+)',
+             pygments.lexer.bygroups(
+                 pygments.token.Keyword.Reserved,  # 'HTTP'
+                 pygments.token.Operator,  # '/'
+                 pygments.token.Number,  # Version
+                 pygments.token.Text,
+                 pygments.token.Number,  # Status code
+                 pygments.token.Text,
+                 pygments.token.Name.Exception,  # Reason
+             )),
+            # Header
+            (r'(.*?)( *)(:)( *)(.+)', pygments.lexer.bygroups(
+                pygments.token.Name.Attribute,  # Name
+                pygments.token.Text,
+                pygments.token.Operator,  # Colon
+                pygments.token.Text,
+                pygments.token.String  # Value
+            ))
+        ]
+    }
+
+
+class Solarized256Style(pygments.style.Style):
+    """
+    solarized256
+    ------------
+
+    A Pygments style inspired by Solarized's 256 color mode.
+
+    :copyright: (c) 2011 by Hank Gay, (c) 2012 by John Mastro.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
+
+    """
+    BASE03 = "#1c1c1c"
+    BASE02 = "#262626"
+    BASE01 = "#4e4e4e"
+    BASE00 = "#585858"
+    BASE0 = "#808080"
+    BASE1 = "#8a8a8a"
+    BASE2 = "#d7d7af"
+    BASE3 = "#ffffd7"
+    YELLOW = "#af8700"
+    ORANGE = "#d75f00"
+    RED = "#af0000"
+    MAGENTA = "#af005f"
+    VIOLET = "#5f5faf"
+    BLUE = "#0087ff"
+    CYAN = "#00afaf"
+    GREEN = "#5f8700"
+
+    background_color = BASE03
+    styles = {
+        pygments.token.Keyword: GREEN,
+        pygments.token.Keyword.Constant: ORANGE,
+        pygments.token.Keyword.Declaration: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Keyword.Namespace: ORANGE,
+        pygments.token.Keyword.Reserved: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Keyword.Type: RED,
+        pygments.token.Name.Attribute: BASE1,
+        pygments.token.Name.Builtin: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Builtin.Pseudo: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Class: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Constant: ORANGE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Decorator: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Entity: ORANGE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Exception: YELLOW,
+        pygments.token.Name.Function: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Tag: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.Name.Variable: BLUE,
+        pygments.token.String: CYAN,
+        pygments.token.String.Backtick: BASE01,
+        pygments.token.String.Char: CYAN,
+        pygments.token.String.Doc: CYAN,
+        pygments.token.String.Escape: RED,
+        pygments.token.String.Heredoc: CYAN,
+        pygments.token.String.Regex: RED,
+        pygments.token.Number: CYAN,
+        pygments.token.Operator: BASE1,
+        pygments.token.Operator.Word: GREEN,
+        pygments.token.Comment: BASE01,
+        pygments.token.Comment.Preproc: GREEN,
+        pygments.token.Comment.Special: GREEN,
+        pygments.token.Generic.Deleted: CYAN,
+        pygments.token.Generic.Emph: 'italic',
+        pygments.token.Generic.Error: RED,
+        pygments.token.Generic.Heading: ORANGE,
+        pygments.token.Generic.Inserted: GREEN,
+        pygments.token.Generic.Strong: 'bold',
+        pygments.token.Generic.Subheading: ORANGE,
+        pygments.token.Token: BASE1,
+        pygments.token.Token.Other: ORANGE,
+    }

httpie/output/formatters/headers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from httpie.plugins import FormatterPlugin
+
+
+class HeadersFormatter(FormatterPlugin):
+
+    def format_headers(self, headers):
+        """
+        Sorts headers by name while retaining relative
+        order of multiple headers with the same name.
+
+        """
+        lines = headers.splitlines()
+        headers = sorted(lines[1:], key=lambda h: h.split(':')[0])
+        return '\r\n'.join(lines[:1] + headers)

httpie/output/formatters/json.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import json
+
+from httpie.plugins import FormatterPlugin
+
+
+DEFAULT_INDENT = 4
+
+
+class JSONFormatter(FormatterPlugin):
+
+    def format_body(self, body, mime):
+        if 'json' in mime:
+            try:
+                obj = json.loads(body)
+            except ValueError:
+                # Invalid JSON, ignore.
+                pass
+            else:
+                # Indent, sort keys by name, and avoid
+                # unicode escapes to improve readability.
+                body = json.dumps(obj,
+                                  sort_keys=True,
+                                  ensure_ascii=False,
+                                  indent=DEFAULT_INDENT)
+        return body

httpie/output/formatters/xml.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import re
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
+from httpie.plugins import FormatterPlugin
+
+
+DECLARATION_RE = re.compile('<\?xml[^\n]+?\?>', flags=re.I)
+DOCTYPE_RE = re.compile('<!DOCTYPE[^\n]+?>', flags=re.I)
+
+
+DEFAULT_INDENT = 4
+
+
+def indent(elem, indent_text=' ' * DEFAULT_INDENT):
+    """
+    In-place prettyprint formatter
+    C.f. http://effbot.org/zone/element-lib.htm#prettyprint
+
+    """
+    def _indent(elem, level=0):
+        i = "\n" + level * indent_text
+        if len(elem):
+            if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
+                elem.text = i + indent_text
+            if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
+                elem.tail = i
+            for elem in elem:
+                _indent(elem, level + 1)
+            if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
+                elem.tail = i
+        else:
+            if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
+                elem.tail = i
+
+    return _indent(elem)
+
+
+class XMLFormatter(FormatterPlugin):
+    # TODO: tests
+
+    def format_body(self, body, mime):
+        if 'xml' in mime:
+            # FIXME: orig NS names get forgotten during the conversion, etc.
+            try:
+                root = ElementTree.fromstring(body.encode('utf8'))
+            except ElementTree.ParseError:
+                # Ignore invalid XML errors (skips attempting to pretty print)
+                pass
+            else:
+                indent(root)
+                # Use the original declaration
+                declaration = DECLARATION_RE.match(body)
+                doctype = DOCTYPE_RE.match(body)
+                body = ElementTree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8')\
+                                  .decode('utf8')
+                if doctype:
+                    body = '%s\n%s' % (doctype.group(0), body)
+                if declaration:
+                    body = '%s\n%s' % (declaration.group(0), body)
+        return body

httpie/output/processing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import re
+
+from httpie.plugins import plugin_manager
+from httpie.context import Environment
+
+
+MIME_RE = re.compile(r'^[^/]+/[^/]+$')
+
+
+def is_valid_mime(mime):
+    return mime and MIME_RE.match(mime)
+
+
+class Conversion(object):
+
+    def get_converter(self, mime):
+        if is_valid_mime(mime):
+            for converter_class in plugin_manager.get_converters():
+                if converter_class.supports(mime):
+                    return converter_class(mime)
+
+
+class Formatting(object):
+    """A delegate class that invokes the actual processors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, groups, env=Environment(), **kwargs):
+        """
+        :param groups: names of processor groups to be applied
+        :param env: Environment
+        :param kwargs: additional keyword arguments for processors
+
+        """
+        available_plugins = plugin_manager.get_formatters_grouped()
+        self.enabled_plugins = []
+        for group in groups:
+            for cls in available_plugins[group]:
+                p = cls(env=env, **kwargs)
+                if p.enabled:
+                    self.enabled_plugins.append(p)
+
+    def format_headers(self, headers):
+        for p in self.enabled_plugins:
+            headers = p.format_headers(headers)
+        return headers
+
+    def format_body(self, content, mime):
+        if is_valid_mime(mime):
+            for p in self.enabled_plugins:
+                content = p.format_body(content, mime)
+        return content

httpie/output/streams.py

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+from itertools import chain
+from functools import partial
+
+from httpie.compat import str
+from httpie.context import Environment
+from httpie.models import HTTPRequest, HTTPResponse
+from httpie.input import (OUT_REQ_BODY, OUT_REQ_HEAD,
+                          OUT_RESP_HEAD, OUT_RESP_BODY)
+from httpie.output.processing import Formatting, Conversion
+
+
+BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE = (
+    b'\n'
+    b'+-----------------------------------------+\n'
+    b'| NOTE: binary data not shown in terminal |\n'
+    b'+-----------------------------------------+'
+)
+
+
+class BinarySuppressedError(Exception):
+    """An error indicating that the body is binary and won't be written,
+     e.g., for terminal output)."""
+
+    message = BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE
+
+
+def write(stream, outfile, flush):
+    """Write the output stream."""
+    try:
+        # Writing bytes so we use the buffer interface (Python 3).
+        buf = outfile.buffer
+    except AttributeError:
+        buf = outfile
+
+    for chunk in stream:
+        buf.write(chunk)
+        if flush:
+            outfile.flush()
+
+
+def write_with_colors_win_py3(stream, outfile, flush):
+    """Like `write`, but colorized chunks are written as text
+    directly to `outfile` to ensure it gets processed by colorama.
+    Applies only to Windows with Python 3 and colorized terminal output.
+
+    """
+    color = b'\x1b['
+    encoding = outfile.encoding
+    for chunk in stream:
+        if color in chunk:
+            outfile.write(chunk.decode(encoding))
+        else:
+            outfile.buffer.write(chunk)
+        if flush:
+            outfile.flush()
+
+
+def build_output_stream(args, env, request, response):
+    """Build and return a chain of iterators over the `request`-`response`
+    exchange each of which yields `bytes` chunks.
+
+    """
+    req_h = OUT_REQ_HEAD in args.output_options
+    req_b = OUT_REQ_BODY in args.output_options
+    resp_h = OUT_RESP_HEAD in args.output_options
+    resp_b = OUT_RESP_BODY in args.output_options
+    req = req_h or req_b
+    resp = resp_h or resp_b
+
+    output = []
+    Stream = get_stream_type(env, args)
+
+    if req:
+        output.append(Stream(
+            msg=HTTPRequest(request),
+            with_headers=req_h,
+            with_body=req_b))
+
+    if req_b and resp:
+        # Request/Response separator.
+        output.append([b'\n\n'])
+
+    if resp:
+        output.append(Stream(
+            msg=HTTPResponse(response),
+            with_headers=resp_h,
+            with_body=resp_b))
+
+    if env.stdout_isatty and resp_b:
+        # Ensure a blank line after the response body.
+        # For terminal output only.
+        output.append([b'\n\n'])
+
+    return chain(*output)
+
+
+def get_stream_type(env, args):
+    """Pick the right stream type based on `env` and `args`.
+    Wrap it in a partial with the type-specific args so that
+    we don't need to think what stream we are dealing with.
+
+    """
+    if not env.stdout_isatty and not args.prettify:
+        Stream = partial(
+            RawStream,
+            chunk_size=RawStream.CHUNK_SIZE_BY_LINE
+            if args.stream
+            else RawStream.CHUNK_SIZE
+        )
+    elif args.prettify:
+        Stream = partial(
+            PrettyStream if args.stream else BufferedPrettyStream,
+            env=env,
+            conversion=Conversion(),
+            formatting=Formatting(env=env, groups=args.prettify,
+                                  color_scheme=args.style),
+        )
+    else:
+        Stream = partial(EncodedStream, env=env)
+
+    return Stream
+
+
+class BaseStream(object):
+    """Base HTTP message output stream class."""
+
+    def __init__(self, msg, with_headers=True, with_body=True,
+                 on_body_chunk_downloaded=None):
+        """
+        :param msg: a :class:`models.HTTPMessage` subclass
+        :param with_headers: if `True`, headers will be included
+        :param with_body: if `True`, body will be included
+
+        """
+        assert with_headers or with_body
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.with_headers = with_headers
+        self.with_body = with_body
+        self.on_body_chunk_downloaded = on_body_chunk_downloaded
+
+    def get_headers(self):
+        """Return the headers' bytes."""
+        return self.msg.headers.encode('utf8')
+
+    def iter_body(self):
+        """Return an iterator over the message body."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Return an iterator over `self.msg`."""
+        if self.with_headers:
+            yield self.get_headers()
+            yield b'\r\n\r\n'
+
+        if self.with_body:
+            try:
+                for chunk in self.iter_body():
+                    yield chunk
+                    if self.on_body_chunk_downloaded:
+                        self.on_body_chunk_downloaded(chunk)
+            except BinarySuppressedError as e:
+                if self.with_headers:
+                    yield b'\n'
+                yield e.message
+
+
+class RawStream(BaseStream):
+    """The message is streamed in chunks with no processing."""
+
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 100
+    CHUNK_SIZE_BY_LINE = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size=CHUNK_SIZE, **kwargs):
+        super(RawStream, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def iter_body(self):
+        return self.msg.iter_body(self.chunk_size)
+
+
+class EncodedStream(BaseStream):
+    """Encoded HTTP message stream.
+
+    The message bytes are converted to an encoding suitable for
+    `self.env.stdout`. Unicode errors are replaced and binary data
+    is suppressed. The body is always streamed by line.
+
+    """
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, env=Environment(), **kwargs):
+
+        super(EncodedStream, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+        if env.stdout_isatty:
+            # Use the encoding supported by the terminal.
+            output_encoding = env.stdout_encoding
+        else:
+            # Preserve the message encoding.
+            output_encoding = self.msg.encoding
+
+        # Default to utf8 when unsure.
+        self.output_encoding = output_encoding or 'utf8'
+
+    def iter_body(self):
+
+        for line, lf in self.msg.iter_lines(self.CHUNK_SIZE):
+
+            if b'\0' in line:
+                raise BinarySuppressedError()
+
+            yield line.decode(self.msg.encoding) \
+                      .encode(self.output_encoding, 'replace') + lf
+
+
+class PrettyStream(EncodedStream):
+    """In addition to :class:`EncodedStream` behaviour, this stream applies
+    content processing.
+
+    Useful for long-lived HTTP responses that stream by lines
+    such as the Twitter streaming API.
+
+    """
+
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, conversion, formatting, **kwargs):
+        super(PrettyStream, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.formatting = formatting
+        self.conversion = conversion
+        self.mime = self.msg.content_type.split(';')[0]
+
+    def get_headers(self):
+        return self.formatting.format_headers(
+            self.msg.headers).encode(self.output_encoding)
+
+    def iter_body(self):
+        first_chunk = True
+        iter_lines = self.msg.iter_lines(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        for line, lf in iter_lines:
+            if b'\0' in line:
+                if first_chunk:
+                    converter = self.conversion.get_converter(self.mime)
+                    if converter:
+                        body = bytearray()
+                        # noinspection PyAssignmentToLoopOrWithParameter
+                        for line, lf in chain([(line, lf)], iter_lines):
+                            body.extend(line)
+                            body.extend(lf)
+                        self.mime, body = converter.convert(body)
+                        assert isinstance(body, str)
+                        yield self.process_body(body)
+                        return
+                raise BinarySuppressedError()
+            yield self.process_body(line) + lf
+            first_chunk = False
+
+    def process_body(self, chunk):
+        if not isinstance(chunk, str):
+            # Text when a converter has been used,
+            # otherwise it will always be bytes.
+            chunk = chunk.decode(self.msg.encoding, 'replace')
+        chunk = self.formatting.format_body(content=chunk, mime=self.mime)
+        return chunk.encode(self.output_encoding, 'replace')
+
+
+class BufferedPrettyStream(PrettyStream):
+    """The same as :class:`PrettyStream` except that the body is fully
+    fetched before it's processed.
+
+    Suitable regular HTTP responses.
+
+    """
+
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 10
+
+    def iter_body(self):
+        # Read the whole body before prettifying it,
+        # but bail out immediately if the body is binary.
+        converter = None
+        body = bytearray()
+
+        for chunk in self.msg.iter_body(self.CHUNK_SIZE):
+            if not converter and b'\0' in chunk:
+                converter = self.conversion.get_converter(self.mime)
+                if not converter:
+                    raise BinarySuppressedError()
+            body.extend(chunk)
+
+        if converter:
+            self.mime, body = converter.convert(body)
+
+        yield self.process_body(body)

httpie/plugins/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from httpie.plugins.base import AuthPlugin, FormatterPlugin, ConverterPlugin
+from httpie.plugins.manager import PluginManager
+from httpie.plugins.builtin import BasicAuthPlugin, DigestAuthPlugin
+from httpie.output.formatters.headers import HeadersFormatter
+from httpie.output.formatters.json import JSONFormatter
+from httpie.output.formatters.xml import XMLFormatter
+from httpie.output.formatters.colors import ColorFormatter
+
+
+plugin_manager = PluginManager()
+plugin_manager.register(BasicAuthPlugin,
+                        DigestAuthPlugin)
+plugin_manager.register(HeadersFormatter,
+                        JSONFormatter,
+                        XMLFormatter,
+                        ColorFormatter)

httpie/plugins/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+class BasePlugin(object):
+
+    # The name of the plugin, eg. "My auth".
+    name = None
+
+    # Optional short description. Will be be shown in the help
+    # under --auth-type.
+    description = None
+
+    # This be set automatically once the plugin has been loaded.
+    package_name = None
+
+
+class AuthPlugin(BasePlugin):
+    """
+    Base auth plugin class.
+
+    See <https://github.com/jkbr/httpie-ntlm> for an example auth plugin.
+
+    """
+    # The value that should be passed to --auth-type
+    # to use this auth plugin. Eg. "my-auth"
+    auth_type = None
+
+    def get_auth(self, username, password):
+        """
+        Return a ``requests.auth.AuthBase`` subclass instance.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class ConverterPlugin(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, mime):
+        self.mime = mime
+
+    def convert(self, content_bytes):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def supports(cls, mime):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class FormatterPlugin(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        :param env: an class:`Environment` instance
+        :param kwargs: additional keyword argument that some
+                       processor might require.
+
+        """
+        self.enabled = True
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def format_headers(self, headers):
+        """Return processed `headers`
+
+        :param headers: The headers as text.
+
+        """
+        return headers
+
+    def format_body(self, content, mime):
+        """Return processed `content`.
+
+        :param mime: E.g., 'application/atom+xml'.
+        :param content: The body content as text
+
+        """
+        return content

httpie/plugins/builtin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+import requests.auth
+
+from httpie.plugins.base import AuthPlugin
+
+
+class BuiltinAuthPlugin(AuthPlugin):
+
+    package_name = '(builtin)'
+
+
+class HTTPBasicAuth(requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth):
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        """
+        Override username/password serialization to allow unicode.
+
+        See https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/212
+
+        """
+        r.headers['Authorization'] = type(self).make_header(
+            self.username, self.password).encode('latin1')
+        return r
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_header(username, password):
+        credentials = u'%s:%s' % (username, password)
+        token = b64encode(credentials.encode('utf8')).strip().decode('latin1')
+        return 'Basic %s' % token
+
+
+class BasicAuthPlugin(BuiltinAuthPlugin):
+
+    name = 'Basic HTTP auth'
+    auth_type = 'basic'
+
+    def get_auth(self, username, password):
+        return HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)
+
+
+class DigestAuthPlugin(BuiltinAuthPlugin):
+
+    name = 'Digest HTTP auth'
+    auth_type = 'digest'
+
+    def get_auth(self, username, password):
+        return requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth(username, password)

httpie/plugins/manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from itertools import groupby
+from pkg_resources import iter_entry_points
+from httpie.plugins import AuthPlugin, FormatterPlugin, ConverterPlugin
+
+
+ENTRY_POINT_NAMES = [
+    'httpie.plugins.auth.v1',
+    'httpie.plugins.formatter.v1',
+    'httpie.plugins.converter.v1',
+]
+
+
+class PluginManager(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._plugins = []
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._plugins)
+
+    def register(self, *plugins):
+        for plugin in plugins:
+            self._plugins.append(plugin)
+
+    def load_installed_plugins(self):
+        for entry_point_name in ENTRY_POINT_NAMES:
+            for entry_point in iter_entry_points(entry_point_name):
+                plugin = entry_point.load()
+                plugin.package_name = entry_point.dist.key
+                self.register(entry_point.load())
+
+    # Auth
+    def get_auth_plugins(self):
+        return [plugin for plugin in self if issubclass(plugin, AuthPlugin)]
+
+    def get_auth_plugin_mapping(self):
+        return dict((plugin.auth_type, plugin)
+                    for plugin in self.get_auth_plugins())
+
+    def get_auth_plugin(self, auth_type):
+        return self.get_auth_plugin_mapping()[auth_type]
+
+    # Output processing
+    def get_formatters(self):
+        return [plugin for plugin in self
+                if issubclass(plugin, FormatterPlugin)]
+
+    def get_formatters_grouped(self):
+        groups = {}
+        for group_name, group in groupby(
+                self.get_formatters(),
+                key=lambda p: getattr(p, 'group_name', 'format')):
+            groups[group_name] = list(group)
+        return groups
+
+    def get_converters(self):
+        return [plugin for plugin in self
+                if issubclass(plugin, ConverterPlugin)]

httpie/sessions.py

@@ -1,115 +1,118 @@
 """Persistent, JSON-serialized sessions.
 
 """
+import re
 import os
-import sys
-import glob
-import errno
-import codecs
-import shutil
-import subprocess
 
 import requests
-from requests.compat import urlparse
 from requests.cookies import RequestsCookieJar, create_cookie
-from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth
-from argparse import OPTIONAL
 
-from .config import BaseConfigDict, DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
-from .output import PygmentsProcessor
+from httpie.compat import urlsplit
+from httpie.config import BaseConfigDict, DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR
+from httpie.plugins import plugin_manager
 
 
 SESSIONS_DIR_NAME = 'sessions'
+DEFAULT_SESSIONS_DIR = os.path.join(DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR, SESSIONS_DIR_NAME)
+VALID_SESSION_NAME_PATTERN = re.compile('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+$')
+# Request headers starting with these prefixes won't be stored in sessions.
+# They are specific to each request.
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Requests
+SESSION_IGNORED_HEADER_PREFIXES = ['Content-', 'If-']
 
 
-def get_response(name, request_kwargs, config_dir, read_only=False):
+def get_response(session_name, config_dir, args, read_only=False):
     """Like `client.get_response`, but applies permanent
     aspects of the session to the request.
 
     """
-    sessions_dir = os.path.join(config_dir, SESSIONS_DIR_NAME)
-    host = Host(
-        root_dir=sessions_dir,
-        name=request_kwargs['headers'].get('Host', None)
-             or urlparse(request_kwargs['url']).netloc.split('@')[-1]
-    )
+    from .client import get_requests_kwargs, dump_request
+    if os.path.sep in session_name:
+        path = os.path.expanduser(session_name)
+    else:
+        hostname = (args.headers.get('Host', None)
+                    or urlsplit(args.url).netloc.split('@')[-1])
+        assert re.match('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.:-]+$', hostname)
 
-    session = Session(host, name)
+        # host:port => host_port
+        hostname = hostname.replace(':', '_')
+        path = os.path.join(config_dir,
+                            SESSIONS_DIR_NAME,
+                            hostname,
+                            session_name + '.json')
+
+    session = Session(path)
     session.load()
 
-    # Update session headers with the request headers.
-    session['headers'].update(request_kwargs.get('headers', {}))
-    # Use the merged headers for the request
-    request_kwargs['headers'] = session['headers']
+    requests_kwargs = get_requests_kwargs(args, base_headers=session.headers)
+    if args.debug:
+        dump_request(requests_kwargs)
+    session.update_headers(requests_kwargs['headers'])
 
-    auth = request_kwargs.get('auth', None)
-    if auth:
-        session.auth = auth
+    if args.auth:
+        session.auth = {
+            'type': args.auth_type,
+            'username': args.auth.key,
+            'password': args.auth.value,
+        }
     elif session.auth:
-        request_kwargs['auth'] = session.auth
+        requests_kwargs['auth'] = session.auth
+
+    requests_session = requests.Session()
+    requests_session.cookies = session.cookies
 
-    rsession = requests.Session(cookies=session.cookies)
     try:
-        response = rsession.request(**request_kwargs)
+        response = requests_session.request(**requests_kwargs)
     except Exception:
         raise
     else:
         # Existing sessions with `read_only=True` don't get updated.
-        if session.is_new or not read_only:
-            session.cookies = rsession.cookies
+        if session.is_new() or not read_only:
+            session.cookies = requests_session.cookies
             session.save()
         return response
 
 
-class Host(object):
-    """A host is a per-host directory on the disk containing sessions files."""
-
-    def __init__(self, name, root_dir=DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR):
-        self.name = name
-        self.root_dir = root_dir
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        """Return a iterator yielding `(session_name, session_path)`."""
-        for fn in sorted(glob.glob1(self.path, '*.json')):
-            yield os.path.splitext(fn)[0], os.path.join(self.path, fn)
-
-    def delete(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(self.path)
-
-    @property
-    def path(self):
-        # Name will include ':' if a port is specified, which is invalid
-        # on windows. DNS does not allow '_' in a domain, or for it to end
-        # in a number (I think?)
-        path = os.path.join(self.root_dir, self.name.replace(':', '_'))
-        try:
-            os.makedirs(path, mode=0o700)
-        except OSError as e:
-            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
-                raise
-        return path
-
-    @classmethod
-    def all(cls):
-        """Return a generator yielding a host at a time."""
-        for name in sorted(glob.glob1(SESSIONS_DIR, '*')):
-            if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(SESSIONS_DIR, name)):
-                yield Host(name)
-
-
 class Session(BaseConfigDict):
-    """"""
+    helpurl = 'https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#sessions'
+    about = 'HTTPie session file'
 
-    def __init__(self, host, name, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
         super(Session, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.host = host
-        self.name = name
+        self._path = path
         self['headers'] = {}
         self['cookies'] = {}
+        self['auth'] = {
+            'type': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None
+        }
+
+    def _get_path(self):
+        return self._path
+
+    def update_headers(self, request_headers):
+        """
+        Update the session headers with the request ones while ignoring
+        certain name prefixes.
+
+        :type request_headers: dict
+
+        """
+        for name, value in request_headers.items():
+            value = value.decode('utf8')
+            if name == 'User-Agent' and value.startswith('HTTPie/'):
+                continue
+
+            for prefix in SESSION_IGNORED_HEADER_PREFIXES:
+                if name.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
+                    break
+            else:
+                self['headers'][name] = value
 
     @property
-    def directory(self):
-        return self.host.path
+    def headers(self):
+        return self['headers']
 
     @property
     def cookies(self):
@@ -122,108 +125,27 @@ class Session(BaseConfigDict):
 
     @cookies.setter
     def cookies(self, jar):
-        excluded = [
-            '_rest', 'name', 'port_specified',
-            'domain_specified', 'domain_initial_dot',
-            'path_specified', 'comment', 'comment_url'
-        ]
+        """
+        :type jar: CookieJar
+        """
+        # http://docs.python.org/2/library/cookielib.html#cookie-objects
+        stored_attrs = ['value', 'path', 'secure', 'expires']
         self['cookies'] = {}
-        for host in jar._cookies.values():
-            for path in host.values():
-                for name, cookie in path.items():
-                    cookie_dict = {}
-                    for k, v in cookie.__dict__.items():
-                        if k not in excluded:
-                            cookie_dict[k] = v
-                    self['cookies'][name] = cookie_dict
+        for cookie in jar:
+            self['cookies'][cookie.name] = dict(
+                (attname, getattr(cookie, attname))
+                for attname in stored_attrs
+            )
 
     @property
     def auth(self):
         auth = self.get('auth', None)
-        if not auth:
-            return None
-        Auth = {'basic': HTTPBasicAuth,
-                'digest': HTTPDigestAuth}[auth['type']]
-        return Auth(auth['username'], auth['password'])
+        if not auth or not auth['type']:
+            return
+        auth_plugin = plugin_manager.get_auth_plugin(auth['type'])()
+        return auth_plugin.get_auth(auth['username'], auth['password'])
 
     @auth.setter
-    def auth(self, cred):
-        self['auth'] = {
-            'type': {HTTPBasicAuth: 'basic',
-                     HTTPDigestAuth: 'digest'}[type(cred)],
-            'username': cred.username,
-            'password': cred.password,
-        }
-
-
-def list_command(args):
-    if args.host:
-        for name, path in Host(args.host):
-            print(name + ' [' + path + ']')
-    else:
-        for host in Host.all():
-            print(host.name)
-            for name, path in host:
-                print(' ' + name + ' [' + path + ']')
-
-
-def show_command(args):
-    path = Session(Host(args.host), args.name).path
-    if not os.path.exists(path):
-        sys.stderr.write('Session "%s" does not exist [%s].\n'
-        % (args.name, path))
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    with codecs.open(path, encoding='utf8') as f:
-        print(path + ':\n')
-        proc = PygmentsProcessor()
-        print(proc.process_body(f.read(), 'application/json', 'json'))
-        print('')
-
-
-def delete_command(args):
-    host = Host(args.host)
-    if not args.name:
-        host.delete()
-    else:
-        Session(host, args.name).delete()
-
-
-def edit_command(args):
-    editor = os.environ.get('EDITOR', None)
-    if not editor:
-        sys.stderr.write(
-            'You need to configure the environment variable EDITOR.\n')
-        sys.exit(1)
-    command = editor.split()
-    command.append(Session(Host(args.host), args.name).path)
-    subprocess.call(command)
-
-
-def add_commands(subparsers):
-
-    # List
-    list_ = subparsers.add_parser('session-list', help='list sessions')
-    list_.set_defaults(command=list_command)
-    list_.add_argument('host', nargs=OPTIONAL)
-
-    # Show
-    show = subparsers.add_parser('session-show', help='show a session')
-    show.set_defaults(command=show_command)
-    show.add_argument('host')
-    show.add_argument('name')
-
-    # Edit
-    edit = subparsers.add_parser(
-        'session-edit', help='edit a session in $EDITOR')
-    edit.set_defaults(command=edit_command)
-    edit.add_argument('host')
-    edit.add_argument('name')
-
-    # Delete
-    delete = subparsers.add_parser('session-delete', help='delete a session')
-    delete.set_defaults(command=delete_command)
-    delete.add_argument('host')
-    delete.add_argument('name', nargs=OPTIONAL,
-        help='The name of the session to be deleted.'
-             ' If not specified, all host sessions are deleted.')
+    def auth(self, auth):
+        assert set(['type', 'username', 'password']) == set(auth.keys())
+        self['auth'] = auth

httpie/solarized.py

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""
-    solarized256
-    ------------
-
-    A Pygments style inspired by Solarized's 256 color mode.
-
-    :copyright: (c) 2011 by Hank Gay, (c) 2012 by John Mastro.
-    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
-"""
-
-from pygments.style import Style
-from pygments.token import Token, Comment, Name, Keyword, Generic, Number, \
-    Operator, String
-
-BASE03  = "#1c1c1c"
-BASE02  = "#262626"
-BASE01  = "#4e4e4e"
-BASE00  = "#585858"
-BASE0   = "#808080"
-BASE1   = "#8a8a8a"
-BASE2   = "#d7d7af"
-BASE3   = "#ffffd7"
-YELLOW  = "#af8700"
-ORANGE  = "#d75f00"
-RED     = "#af0000"
-MAGENTA = "#af005f"
-VIOLET  = "#5f5faf"
-BLUE    = "#0087ff"
-CYAN    = "#00afaf"
-GREEN   = "#5f8700"
-
-
-class Solarized256Style(Style):
-    background_color = BASE03
-    styles = {
-        Keyword: GREEN,
-        Keyword.Constant: ORANGE,
-        Keyword.Declaration: BLUE,
-        Keyword.Namespace: ORANGE,
-        #Keyword.Pseudo
-        Keyword.Reserved: BLUE,
-        Keyword.Type: RED,
-
-        #Name
-        Name.Attribute: BASE1,
-        Name.Builtin: BLUE,
-        Name.Builtin.Pseudo: BLUE,
-        Name.Class: BLUE,
-        Name.Constant: ORANGE,
-        Name.Decorator: BLUE,
-        Name.Entity: ORANGE,
-        Name.Exception: YELLOW,
-        Name.Function: BLUE,
-        #Name.Label
-        #Name.Namespace
-        #Name.Other
-        Name.Tag: BLUE,
-        Name.Variable: BLUE,
-        #Name.Variable.Class
-        #Name.Variable.Global
-        #Name.Variable.Instance
-
-        #Literal
-        #Literal.Date
-        String: CYAN,
-        String.Backtick: BASE01,
-        String.Char: CYAN,
-        String.Doc: CYAN,
-        #String.Double
-        String.Escape: RED,
-        String.Heredoc: CYAN,
-        #String.Interpol
-        #String.Other
-        String.Regex: RED,
-        #String.Single
-        #String.Symbol
-        Number: CYAN,
-        #Number.Float
-        #Number.Hex
-        #Number.Integer
-        #Number.Integer.Long
-        #Number.Oct
-
-        Operator: BASE1,
-        Operator.Word: GREEN,
-
-        #Punctuation: ORANGE,
-
-        Comment: BASE01,
-        #Comment.Multiline
-        Comment.Preproc: GREEN,
-        #Comment.Single
-        Comment.Special: GREEN,
-
-        #Generic
-        Generic.Deleted: CYAN,
-        Generic.Emph: 'italic',
-        Generic.Error: RED,
-        Generic.Heading: ORANGE,
-        Generic.Inserted: GREEN,
-        #Generic.Output
-        #Generic.Prompt
-        Generic.Strong: 'bold',
-        Generic.Subheading: ORANGE,
-        #Generic.Traceback
-
-        Token: BASE1,
-        Token.Other: ORANGE,
-    }

httpie/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from __future__ import division
+import json
+
+from httpie.compat import is_py26, OrderedDict
+
+
+def load_json_preserve_order(s):
+    if is_py26:
+        return json.loads(s)
+    return json.loads(s, object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict)
+
+
+def humanize_bytes(n, precision=2):
+    # Author: Doug Latornell
+    # Licence: MIT
+    # URL: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577081/
+    """Return a humanized string representation of a number of bytes.
+
+    Assumes `from __future__ import division`.
+
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1)
+    '1 B'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024, precision=1)
+    '1.0 kB'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024 * 123, precision=1)
+    '123.0 kB'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024 * 12342, precision=1)
+    '12.1 MB'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024 * 12342, precision=2)
+    '12.05 MB'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024 * 1234, precision=2)
+    '1.21 MB'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024 * 1234 * 1111, precision=2)
+    '1.31 GB'
+    >>> humanize_bytes(1024 * 1234 * 1111, precision=1)
+    '1.3 GB'
+
+    """
+    abbrevs = [
+        (1 << 50, 'PB'),
+        (1 << 40, 'TB'),
+        (1 << 30, 'GB'),
+        (1 << 20, 'MB'),
+        (1 << 10, 'kB'),
+        (1, 'B')
+    ]
+
+    if n == 1:
+        return '1 B'
+
+    for factor, suffix in abbrevs:
+        if n >= factor:
+            break
+
+    # noinspection PyUnboundLocalVariable
+    return '%.*f %s' % (precision, n / factor, suffix)
+

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+tox
+pytest
+pytest-cov
+pytest-httpbin
+docutils
+wheel

setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[wheel]
+universal = 1

setup.py

@@ -1,37 +1,72 @@
-import os
+# This is purely the result of trial and error.
+
 import sys
-import re
 import codecs
-from setuptools import setup
+
+from setuptools import setup, find_packages
+from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
+
 import httpie
 
 
-if sys.argv[-1] == 'test':
-    status = os.system('python tests/tests.py')
-    sys.exit(1 if status > 127 else status)
+class PyTest(TestCommand):
+    # `$ python setup.py test' simply installs minimal requirements
+    # and runs the tests with no fancy stuff like parallel execution.
+    def finalize_options(self):
+        TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
+        self.test_suite = True
+        self.test_args = [
+            '--doctest-modules', '--verbose',
+            './httpie', './tests'
+        ]
+        self.test_suite = True
+
+    def run_tests(self):
+        import pytest
+        sys.exit(pytest.main(self.test_args))
 
 
-requirements = [
-    # Debian has only requests==0.10.1 and httpie.deb depends on that.
-    'requests>=0.10.1',
+tests_require = [
+    # Pytest needs to come last.
+    # https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/issue/196/
+    'pytest-httpbin',
+    'pytest',
+]
+
+
+install_requires = [
+    'requests>=2.3.0',
     'Pygments>=1.5'
 ]
-if sys.version_info[:2] in ((2, 6), (3, 1)):
-    # argparse has been added in Python 3.2 / 2.7
-    requirements.append('argparse>=1.2.1')
-if 'win32' in str(sys.platform).lower():
-    # Terminal colors for Windows
-    requirements.append('colorama>=0.2.4')
+
+### Conditional dependencies:
+
+# sdist
+if not 'bdist_wheel' in sys.argv:
+    try:
+        #noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+        import argparse
+    except ImportError:
+        install_requires.append('argparse>=1.2.1')
+
+    if 'win32' in str(sys.platform).lower():
+        # Terminal colors for Windows
+        install_requires.append('colorama>=0.2.4')
+
+
+# bdist_wheel
+extras_require = {
+    # http://wheel.readthedocs.org/en/latest/#defining-conditional-dependencies
+    ':python_version == "2.6"'
+    ' or python_version == "3.0"'
+    ' or python_version == "3.1" ': ['argparse>=1.2.1'],
+    ':sys_platform == "win32"': ['colorama>=0.2.4'],
+}
 
 
 def long_description():
-    """Pre-process the README so that PyPi can render it properly."""
     with codecs.open('README.rst', encoding='utf8') as f:
-        rst = f.read()
-    code_block = '(:\n\n)?\.\. code-block::.*'
-    rst = re.sub(code_block, '::', rst)
-    return rst
-
+        return f.read()
 
 setup(
     name='httpie',
@@ -39,25 +74,31 @@ setup(
     description=httpie.__doc__.strip(),
     long_description=long_description(),
     url='http://httpie.org/',
-    download_url='https://github.com/jkbr/httpie',
+    download_url='https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie',
     author=httpie.__author__,
     author_email='jakub@roztocil.name',
     license=httpie.__licence__,
-    packages=['httpie'],
+    packages=find_packages(),
     entry_points={
         'console_scripts': [
             'http = httpie.__main__:main',
-            'httpie = httpie.manage:main',
         ],
     },
-    install_requires=requirements,
+    extras_require=extras_require,
+    install_requires=install_requires,
+    tests_require=tests_require,
+    cmdclass={'test': PyTest},
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
         'Programming Language :: Python',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.1',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
         'Environment :: Console',
         'Intended Audience :: Developers',
         'Intended Audience :: System Administrators',

tests/README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+HTTPie Test Suite
+=================
+
+
+Please see `CONTRIBUTING`_.
+
+
+.. _CONTRIBUTING: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.rst

tests/client_certs/client.crt

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIFAjCCAuoCAQEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwSTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNV
+BAgTAkNBMQswCQYDVQQHEwJTRjEPMA0GA1UEChMGSFRUUGllMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZI
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+M6JRL7QuDC9vCw0ycr2HCV1sYX/ICgPCXYgmyigH535lb9V9hHjAgy60QgJBgSE7
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+ynOCgx46hGE12/oiRIKq/wGMpv6ClfJhW1N5nJahDqoIMEvnNaQ=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

tests/client_certs/client.key

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIJKAIBAAKCAgEAu6aPiR3TpPESWKTS969fxNRoSxl8P4osjhIaUuwblFNZc8/R
+n5mCMKmD506JrFV8fktQM6JRL7QuDC9vCw0ycr2HCV1sYX/ICgPCXYgmyigH535l
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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

tests/client_certs/client.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Bag Attributes
+    localKeyID: 93 0C 3E A7 82 62 36 37 5E 73 9B 05 C4 98 DF DC 04 5C B4 C9 
+subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
+issuer=/C=US/ST=CA/L=SF/O=HTTPie/CN=HTTPie
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIFAjCCAuoCAQEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwSTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNV
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+ynOCgx46hGE12/oiRIKq/wGMpv6ClfJhW1N5nJahDqoIMEvnNaQ=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+Bag Attributes
+    localKeyID: 93 0C 3E A7 82 62 36 37 5E 73 9B 05 C4 98 DF DC 04 5C B4 C9 
+Key Attributes: <No Attributes>
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

tests/fixtures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Test data"""
+from os import path
+import codecs
+
+
+def patharg(path):
+    """
+    Back slashes need to be escaped in ITEM args,
+    even in Windows paths.
+
+    """
+    return path.replace('\\', '\\\\\\')
+
+
+FIXTURES_ROOT = path.join(path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__)), 'fixtures')
+FILE_PATH = path.join(FIXTURES_ROOT, 'test.txt')
+JSON_FILE_PATH = path.join(FIXTURES_ROOT, 'test.json')
+BIN_FILE_PATH = path.join(FIXTURES_ROOT, 'test.bin')
+
+
+FILE_PATH_ARG = patharg(FILE_PATH)
+BIN_FILE_PATH_ARG = patharg(BIN_FILE_PATH)
+JSON_FILE_PATH_ARG = patharg(JSON_FILE_PATH)
+
+
+with codecs.open(FILE_PATH, encoding='utf8') as f:
+    # Strip because we don't want new lines in the data so that we can
+    # easily count occurrences also when embedded in JSON (where the new
+    # line would be escaped).
+    FILE_CONTENT = f.read().strip()
+
+
+with codecs.open(JSON_FILE_PATH, encoding='utf8') as f:
+    JSON_FILE_CONTENT = f.read()
+
+
+with open(BIN_FILE_PATH, 'rb') as f:
+    BIN_FILE_CONTENT = f.read()
+
+UNICODE = FILE_CONTENT
+

tests/fixtures/file.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-__test_file_content__

tests/fixtures/file2.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-__test_file_content__

tests/fixtures/test.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+    "name": "Jakub Roztočil",
+    "unicode": "χρυσαφὶ 太陽 เลิศ ♜♞♝♛♚♝♞♜ оживлённым तान्यहानि 有朋"
+}

tests/fixtures/test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[one line of UTF8-encoded unicode text] χρυσαφὶ 太陽 เลิศ ♜♞♝♛♚♝♞♜ оживлённым तान्यहानि 有朋 ஸ்றீனிவாஸ ٱلرَّحْمـَبنِ

tests/test_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""HTTP authentication-related tests."""
+import requests
+import pytest
+
+from utils import http, add_auth, HTTP_OK, TestEnvironment
+import httpie.input
+import httpie.cli
+
+
+class TestAuth:
+    def test_basic_auth(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--auth=user:password',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/basic-auth/user/password')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json == {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        requests.__version__ == '0.13.6',
+        reason='Redirects with prefetch=False are broken in Requests 0.13.6')
+    def test_digest_auth(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--auth-type=digest', '--auth=user:password',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/digest-auth/auth/user/password')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json == {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
+
+    def test_password_prompt(self, httpbin):
+        httpie.input.AuthCredentials._getpass = lambda self, prompt: 'password'
+        r = http('--auth', 'user',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/basic-auth/user/password')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json == {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
+
+    def test_credentials_in_url(self, httpbin):
+        url = add_auth(httpbin.url + '/basic-auth/user/password',
+                       auth='user:password')
+        r = http('GET', url)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json == {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
+
+    def test_credentials_in_url_auth_flag_has_priority(self, httpbin):
+        """When credentials are passed in URL and via -a at the same time,
+         then the ones from -a are used."""
+        url = add_auth(httpbin.url + '/basic-auth/user/password',
+                       auth='user:wrong')
+        r = http('--auth=user:password', 'GET', url)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json == {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('url', [
+        'username@example.org',
+        'username:@example.org',
+    ])
+    def test_only_username_in_url(self, url):
+        """
+        https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/242
+
+        """
+        args = httpie.cli.parser.parse_args(args=[url], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.auth
+        assert args.auth.key == 'username'
+        assert args.auth.value == ''
+

tests/test_binary.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""Tests for dealing with binary request and response data."""
+from httpie.compat import urlopen
+from httpie.output.streams import BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http
+from fixtures import BIN_FILE_PATH, BIN_FILE_CONTENT, BIN_FILE_PATH_ARG
+
+
+class TestBinaryRequestData:
+    def test_binary_stdin(self, httpbin):
+        with open(BIN_FILE_PATH, 'rb') as stdin:
+            env = TestEnvironment(
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdin_isatty=False,
+                stdout_isatty=False
+            )
+            r = http('--print=B', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', env=env)
+            assert r == BIN_FILE_CONTENT
+
+    def test_binary_file_path(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('--print=B', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 '@' + BIN_FILE_PATH_ARG, env=env, )
+        assert r == BIN_FILE_CONTENT
+
+    def test_binary_file_form(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('--print=B', '--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 'test@' + BIN_FILE_PATH_ARG, env=env)
+        assert bytes(BIN_FILE_CONTENT) in bytes(r)
+
+
+class TestBinaryResponseData:
+    url = 'http://www.google.com/favicon.ico'
+
+    @property
+    def bindata(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, '_bindata'):
+            self._bindata = urlopen(self.url).read()
+        return self._bindata
+
+    def test_binary_suppresses_when_terminal(self):
+        r = http('GET', self.url)
+        assert BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE.decode() in r
+
+    def test_binary_suppresses_when_not_terminal_but_pretty(self):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('--pretty=all', 'GET', self.url,
+                 env=env)
+        assert BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE.decode() in r
+
+    def test_binary_included_and_correct_when_suitable(self):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('GET', self.url, env=env)
+        assert r == self.bindata

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+"""CLI argument parsing related tests."""
+import json
+# noinspection PyCompatibility
+import argparse
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+from httpie import input
+from httpie.input import KeyValue, KeyValueArgType, DataDict
+from httpie import ExitStatus
+from httpie.cli import parser
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http, HTTP_OK
+from fixtures import (
+    FILE_PATH_ARG, JSON_FILE_PATH_ARG,
+    JSON_FILE_CONTENT, FILE_CONTENT, FILE_PATH
+)
+
+
+class TestItemParsing:
+
+    key_value = KeyValueArgType(*input.SEP_GROUP_ALL_ITEMS)
+
+    def test_invalid_items(self):
+        items = ['no-separator']
+        for item in items:
+            pytest.raises(argparse.ArgumentTypeError, self.key_value, item)
+
+    def test_escape_separator(self):
+        items = input.parse_items([
+            # headers
+            self.key_value(r'foo\:bar:baz'),
+            self.key_value(r'jack\@jill:hill'),
+
+            # data
+            self.key_value(r'baz\=bar=foo'),
+
+            # files
+            self.key_value(r'bar\@baz@%s' % FILE_PATH_ARG),
+        ])
+        # `requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict` => `dict`
+        headers = dict(items.headers._store.values())
+
+        assert headers == {
+            'foo:bar': 'baz',
+            'jack@jill': 'hill',
+        }
+        assert items.data == {'baz=bar': 'foo'}
+        assert 'bar@baz' in items.files
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('string', 'key', 'sep', 'value'), [
+        ('path=c:\windows', 'path', '=', 'c:\windows'),
+        ('path=c:\windows\\', 'path', '=', 'c:\windows\\'),
+        ('path\==c:\windows', 'path=', '=', 'c:\windows'),
+    ])
+    def test_backslash_before_non_special_character_does_not_escape(
+            self, string, key, sep, value):
+        expected = KeyValue(orig=string, key=key, sep=sep, value=value)
+        actual = self.key_value(string)
+        assert actual == expected
+
+    def test_escape_longsep(self):
+        items = input.parse_items([
+            self.key_value(r'bob\:==foo'),
+        ])
+        assert items.params == {'bob:': 'foo'}
+
+    def test_valid_items(self):
+        items = input.parse_items([
+            self.key_value('string=value'),
+            self.key_value('header:value'),
+            self.key_value('list:=["a", 1, {}, false]'),
+            self.key_value('obj:={"a": "b"}'),
+            self.key_value('eh:'),
+            self.key_value('ed='),
+            self.key_value('bool:=true'),
+            self.key_value('file@' + FILE_PATH_ARG),
+            self.key_value('query==value'),
+            self.key_value('string-embed=@' + FILE_PATH_ARG),
+            self.key_value('raw-json-embed:=@' + JSON_FILE_PATH_ARG),
+        ])
+
+        # Parsed headers
+        # `requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict` => `dict`
+        headers = dict(items.headers._store.values())
+        assert headers == {'header': 'value', 'eh': ''}
+
+        # Parsed data
+        raw_json_embed = items.data.pop('raw-json-embed')
+        assert raw_json_embed == json.loads(JSON_FILE_CONTENT)
+        items.data['string-embed'] = items.data['string-embed'].strip()
+        assert dict(items.data) == {
+            "ed": "",
+            "string": "value",
+            "bool": True,
+            "list": ["a", 1, {}, False],
+            "obj": {"a": "b"},
+            "string-embed": FILE_CONTENT,
+        }
+
+        # Parsed query string parameters
+        assert items.params == {'query': 'value'}
+
+        # Parsed file fields
+        assert 'file' in items.files
+        assert (items.files['file'][1].read().strip().decode('utf8')
+                == FILE_CONTENT)
+
+    def test_multiple_file_fields_with_same_field_name(self):
+        items = input.parse_items([
+            self.key_value('file_field@' + FILE_PATH_ARG),
+            self.key_value('file_field@' + FILE_PATH_ARG),
+        ])
+        assert len(items.files['file_field']) == 2
+
+    def test_multiple_text_fields_with_same_field_name(self):
+        items = input.parse_items(
+            [self.key_value('text_field=a'),
+             self.key_value('text_field=b')],
+            data_class=DataDict
+        )
+        assert items.data['text_field'] == ['a', 'b']
+        assert list(items.data.items()) == [
+            ('text_field', 'a'),
+            ('text_field', 'b'),
+        ]
+
+
+class TestQuerystring:
+    def test_query_string_params_in_url(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--print=Hhb', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get?a=1&b=2')
+        path = '/get?a=1&b=2'
+        url = httpbin.url + path
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert 'GET %s HTTP/1.1' % path in r
+        assert '"url": "%s"' % url in r
+
+    def test_query_string_params_items(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--print=Hhb', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', 'a==1')
+        path = '/get?a=1'
+        url = httpbin.url + path
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert 'GET %s HTTP/1.1' % path in r
+        assert '"url": "%s"' % url in r
+
+    def test_query_string_params_in_url_and_items_with_duplicates(self,
+                                                                  httpbin):
+        r = http('--print=Hhb', 'GET',
+                 httpbin.url + '/get?a=1&a=1', 'a==1', 'a==1')
+        path = '/get?a=1&a=1&a=1&a=1'
+        url = httpbin.url + path
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert 'GET %s HTTP/1.1' % path in r
+        assert '"url": "%s"' % url in r
+
+
+class TestURLshorthand:
+    def test_expand_localhost_shorthand(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=[':'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://localhost'
+
+    def test_expand_localhost_shorthand_with_slash(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=[':/'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://localhost/'
+
+    def test_expand_localhost_shorthand_with_port(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=[':3000'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://localhost:3000'
+
+    def test_expand_localhost_shorthand_with_path(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=[':/path'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://localhost/path'
+
+    def test_expand_localhost_shorthand_with_port_and_slash(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=[':3000/'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://localhost:3000/'
+
+    def test_expand_localhost_shorthand_with_port_and_path(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=[':3000/path'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://localhost:3000/path'
+
+    def test_dont_expand_shorthand_ipv6_as_shorthand(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(args=['::1'], env=TestEnvironment())
+        assert args.url == 'http://::1'
+
+    def test_dont_expand_longer_ipv6_as_shorthand(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(
+            args=['::ffff:c000:0280'],
+            env=TestEnvironment()
+        )
+        assert args.url == 'http://::ffff:c000:0280'
+
+    def test_dont_expand_full_ipv6_as_shorthand(self):
+        args = parser.parse_args(
+            args=['0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001'],
+            env=TestEnvironment()
+        )
+        assert args.url == 'http://0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001'
+
+
+class TestArgumentParser:
+
+    def setup_method(self, method):
+        self.parser = input.Parser()
+
+    def test_guess_when_method_set_and_valid(self):
+        self.parser.args = argparse.Namespace()
+        self.parser.args.method = 'GET'
+        self.parser.args.url = 'http://example.com/'
+        self.parser.args.items = []
+        self.parser.args.ignore_stdin = False
+
+        self.parser.env = TestEnvironment()
+
+        self.parser._guess_method()
+
+        assert self.parser.args.method == 'GET'
+        assert self.parser.args.url == 'http://example.com/'
+        assert self.parser.args.items == []
+
+    def test_guess_when_method_not_set(self):
+        self.parser.args = argparse.Namespace()
+        self.parser.args.method = None
+        self.parser.args.url = 'http://example.com/'
+        self.parser.args.items = []
+        self.parser.args.ignore_stdin = False
+        self.parser.env = TestEnvironment()
+
+        self.parser._guess_method()
+
+        assert self.parser.args.method == 'GET'
+        assert self.parser.args.url == 'http://example.com/'
+        assert self.parser.args.items == []
+
+    def test_guess_when_method_set_but_invalid_and_data_field(self):
+        self.parser.args = argparse.Namespace()
+        self.parser.args.method = 'http://example.com/'
+        self.parser.args.url = 'data=field'
+        self.parser.args.items = []
+        self.parser.args.ignore_stdin = False
+        self.parser.env = TestEnvironment()
+        self.parser._guess_method()
+
+        assert self.parser.args.method == 'POST'
+        assert self.parser.args.url == 'http://example.com/'
+        assert self.parser.args.items == [
+            KeyValue(key='data',
+                     value='field',
+                     sep='=',
+                     orig='data=field')
+        ]
+
+    def test_guess_when_method_set_but_invalid_and_header_field(self):
+        self.parser.args = argparse.Namespace()
+        self.parser.args.method = 'http://example.com/'
+        self.parser.args.url = 'test:header'
+        self.parser.args.items = []
+        self.parser.args.ignore_stdin = False
+
+        self.parser.env = TestEnvironment()
+
+        self.parser._guess_method()
+
+        assert self.parser.args.method == 'GET'
+        assert self.parser.args.url == 'http://example.com/'
+        assert self.parser.args.items, [
+            KeyValue(key='test',
+                     value='header',
+                     sep=':',
+                     orig='test:header')
+        ]
+
+    def test_guess_when_method_set_but_invalid_and_item_exists(self):
+        self.parser.args = argparse.Namespace()
+        self.parser.args.method = 'http://example.com/'
+        self.parser.args.url = 'new_item=a'
+        self.parser.args.items = [
+            KeyValue(
+                key='old_item', value='b', sep='=', orig='old_item=b')
+        ]
+        self.parser.args.ignore_stdin = False
+
+        self.parser.env = TestEnvironment()
+
+        self.parser._guess_method()
+
+        assert self.parser.args.items, [
+            KeyValue(key='new_item', value='a', sep='=', orig='new_item=a'),
+            KeyValue(
+                key='old_item', value='b', sep='=', orig='old_item=b'),
+        ]
+
+
+class TestNoOptions:
+
+    def test_valid_no_options(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose', '--no-verbose', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        assert 'GET /get HTTP/1.1' not in r
+
+    def test_invalid_no_options(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--no-war', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert r.exit_status == 1
+        assert 'unrecognized arguments: --no-war' in r.stderr
+        assert 'GET /get HTTP/1.1' not in r
+
+
+class TestIgnoreStdin:
+
+    def test_ignore_stdin(self, httpbin):
+        with open(FILE_PATH) as f:
+            env = TestEnvironment(stdin=f, stdin_isatty=False)
+            r = http('--ignore-stdin', '--verbose', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                     env=env)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert 'GET /get HTTP' in r, "Don't default to POST."
+        assert FILE_CONTENT not in r, "Don't send stdin data."
+
+    def test_ignore_stdin_cannot_prompt_password(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--ignore-stdin', '--auth=no-password', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.ERROR
+        assert 'because --ignore-stdin' in r.stderr

tests/test_defaults.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""
+Tests for the provided defaults regarding HTTP method, and --json vs. --form.
+
+"""
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http, HTTP_OK, no_content_type
+from fixtures import FILE_PATH
+
+
+class TestImplicitHTTPMethod:
+    def test_implicit_GET(self, httpbin):
+        r = http(httpbin.url + '/get')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_implicit_GET_with_headers(self, httpbin):
+        r = http(httpbin.url + '/headers', 'Foo:bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['headers']['Foo'] == 'bar'
+
+    def test_implicit_POST_json(self, httpbin):
+        r = http(httpbin.url + '/post', 'hello=world')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['json'] == {'hello': 'world'}
+
+    def test_implicit_POST_form(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', httpbin.url + '/post', 'foo=bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['form'] == {'foo': 'bar'}
+
+    def test_implicit_POST_stdin(self, httpbin):
+        with open(FILE_PATH) as f:
+            env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=False, stdin=f)
+            r = http('--form', httpbin.url + '/post', env=env)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+
+class TestAutoContentTypeAndAcceptHeaders:
+    """
+    Test that Accept and Content-Type correctly defaults to JSON,
+    but can still be overridden. The same with Content-Type when --form
+    -f is used.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_GET_no_data_no_auto_headers(self, httpbin):
+        # https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/62
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/headers')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['headers']['Accept'] == '*/*'
+        assert no_content_type(r.json['headers'])
+
+    def test_POST_no_data_no_auto_headers(self, httpbin):
+        # JSON headers shouldn't be automatically set for POST with no data.
+        r = http('POST', httpbin.url + '/post')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"Accept": "*/*"' in r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "application/json' not in r
+
+    def test_POST_with_data_auto_JSON_headers(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'a=b')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"Accept": "application/json"' in r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8' in r
+
+    def test_GET_with_data_auto_JSON_headers(self, httpbin):
+        # JSON headers should automatically be set also for GET with data.
+        r = http('POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'a=b')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"Accept": "application/json"' in r, r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8' in r
+
+    def test_POST_explicit_JSON_auto_JSON_accept(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--json', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['headers']['Accept'] == 'application/json'
+        # Make sure Content-Type gets set even with no data.
+        # https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/137
+        assert 'application/json' in r.json['headers']['Content-Type']
+
+    def test_GET_explicit_JSON_explicit_headers(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--json', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/headers',
+                 'Accept:application/xml',
+                 'Content-Type:application/xml')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"Accept": "application/xml"' in r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "application/xml"' in r
+
+    def test_POST_form_auto_Content_Type(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded' in r
+
+    def test_POST_form_Content_Type_override(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 'Content-Type:application/xml')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "application/xml"' in r
+
+    def test_print_only_body_when_stdout_redirected_by_default(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=env)
+        assert 'HTTP/' not in r
+
+    def test_print_overridable_when_stdout_redirected(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('--print=h', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=env)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r

tests/test_docs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import os
+import fnmatch
+import subprocess
+
+import pytest
+
+from utils import TESTS_ROOT
+
+
+def has_docutils():
+    try:
+        #noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+        import docutils
+        return True
+    except ImportError:
+        return False
+
+
+def rst_filenames():
+    for root, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(os.path.dirname(TESTS_ROOT)):
+        if '.tox' not in root:
+            for filename in fnmatch.filter(filenames, '*.rst'):
+                yield os.path.join(root, filename)
+
+
+filenames = list(rst_filenames())
+assert filenames
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_docutils(), reason='docutils not installed')
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('filename', filenames)
+def test_rst_file_syntax(filename):
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        ['rst2pseudoxml.py', '--report=1', '--exit-status=1', filename],
+         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+         stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+    )
+    err = p.communicate()[1]
+    assert p.returncode == 0, err

tests/test_downloads.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import os
+import time
+
+import pytest
+from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+from httpie.compat import urlopen
+from httpie.downloads import (
+    parse_content_range, filename_from_content_disposition, filename_from_url,
+    get_unique_filename, ContentRangeError, Download,
+)
+from utils import http, TestEnvironment
+
+
+class Response(object):
+    # noinspection PyDefaultArgument
+    def __init__(self, url, headers={}, status_code=200):
+        self.url = url
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(headers)
+        self.status_code = status_code
+
+
+class TestDownloadUtils:
+    def test_Content_Range_parsing(self):
+        parse = parse_content_range
+
+        assert parse('bytes 100-199/200', 100) == 200
+        assert parse('bytes 100-199/*', 100) == 200
+
+        # missing
+        pytest.raises(ContentRangeError, parse, None, 100)
+
+        # syntax error
+        pytest.raises(ContentRangeError, parse, 'beers 100-199/*', 100)
+
+        # unexpected range
+        pytest.raises(ContentRangeError, parse, 'bytes 100-199/*', 99)
+
+        # invalid instance-length
+        pytest.raises(ContentRangeError, parse, 'bytes 100-199/199', 100)
+
+        # invalid byte-range-resp-spec
+        pytest.raises(ContentRangeError, parse, 'bytes 100-99/199', 100)
+
+        # invalid byte-range-resp-spec
+        pytest.raises(ContentRangeError, parse, 'bytes 100-100/*', 100)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('header, expected_filename', [
+        ('attachment; filename=hello-WORLD_123.txt', 'hello-WORLD_123.txt'),
+        ('attachment; filename=".hello-WORLD_123.txt"', 'hello-WORLD_123.txt'),
+        ('attachment; filename="white space.txt"', 'white space.txt'),
+        (r'attachment; filename="\"quotes\".txt"', '"quotes".txt'),
+        ('attachment; filename=/etc/hosts', 'hosts'),
+        ('attachment; filename=', None)
+    ])
+    def test_Content_Disposition_parsing(self, header, expected_filename):
+        assert filename_from_content_disposition(header) == expected_filename
+
+    def test_filename_from_url(self):
+        assert 'foo.txt' == filename_from_url(
+            url='http://example.org/foo',
+            content_type='text/plain'
+        )
+        assert 'foo.html' == filename_from_url(
+            url='http://example.org/foo',
+            content_type='text/html; charset=utf8'
+        )
+        assert 'foo' == filename_from_url(
+            url='http://example.org/foo',
+            content_type=None
+        )
+        assert 'foo' == filename_from_url(
+            url='http://example.org/foo',
+            content_type='x-foo/bar'
+        )
+
+    def test_unique_filename(self):
+        def attempts(unique_on_attempt=0):
+            # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences,PyUnusedLocal
+            def exists(filename):
+                if exists.attempt == unique_on_attempt:
+                    return False
+                exists.attempt += 1
+                return True
+
+            exists.attempt = 0
+            return exists
+
+        assert 'foo.bar' == get_unique_filename('foo.bar', attempts(0))
+        assert 'foo.bar-1' == get_unique_filename('foo.bar', attempts(1))
+        assert 'foo.bar-10' == get_unique_filename('foo.bar', attempts(10))
+
+
+class TestDownloads:
+    # TODO: more tests
+
+    def test_actual_download(self, httpbin):
+        url = httpbin.url + '/robots.txt'
+        body = urlopen(url).read().decode()
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True, stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('--download', url, env=env)
+        assert 'Downloading' in r.stderr
+        assert '[K' in r.stderr
+        assert 'Done' in r.stderr
+        assert body == r
+
+    def test_download_with_Content_Length(self, httpbin):
+        devnull = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+        download = Download(output_file=devnull, progress_file=devnull)
+        download.start(Response(
+            url=httpbin.url + '/',
+            headers={'Content-Length': 10}
+        ))
+        time.sleep(1.1)
+        download.chunk_downloaded(b'12345')
+        time.sleep(1.1)
+        download.chunk_downloaded(b'12345')
+        download.finish()
+        assert not download.interrupted
+
+    def test_download_no_Content_Length(self, httpbin):
+        devnull = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+        download = Download(output_file=devnull, progress_file=devnull)
+        download.start(Response(url=httpbin.url + '/'))
+        time.sleep(1.1)
+        download.chunk_downloaded(b'12345')
+        download.finish()
+        assert not download.interrupted
+
+    def test_download_interrupted(self, httpbin):
+        devnull = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+        download = Download(output_file=devnull, progress_file=devnull)
+        download.start(Response(
+            url=httpbin.url + '/',
+            headers={'Content-Length': 5}
+        ))
+        download.chunk_downloaded(b'1234')
+        download.finish()
+        assert download.interrupted

tests/test_exit_status.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import requests
+import pytest
+
+from httpie import ExitStatus
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http, HTTP_OK
+
+
+class TestExitStatus:
+    def test_ok_response_exits_0(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/status/200')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.OK
+
+    def test_error_response_exits_0_without_check_status(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/status/500')
+        assert '500 INTERNAL SERVER ERRO' in r
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.OK
+        assert not r.stderr
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        tuple(map(int, requests.__version__.split('.'))) < (2, 3, 0),
+        reason='timeout broken in requests prior v2.3.0 (#185)'
+    )
+    def test_timeout_exit_status(self, httpbin):
+
+        r = http('--timeout=0.5', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/delay/1',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.ERROR_TIMEOUT
+
+    def test_3xx_check_status_exits_3_and_stderr_when_stdout_redirected(
+            self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http('--check-status', '--headers',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/status/301',
+                 env=env, error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert '301 MOVED PERMANENTLY' in r
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.ERROR_HTTP_3XX
+        assert '301 moved permanently' in r.stderr.lower()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        requests.__version__ == '0.13.6',
+        reason='Redirects with prefetch=False are broken in Requests 0.13.6')
+    def test_3xx_check_status_redirects_allowed_exits_0(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--check-status', '--follow',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/status/301',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        # The redirect will be followed so 200 is expected.
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.OK
+
+    def test_4xx_check_status_exits_4(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--check-status', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/status/401',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert '401 UNAUTHORIZED' in r
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.ERROR_HTTP_4XX
+        # Also stderr should be empty since stdout isn't redirected.
+        assert not r.stderr
+
+    def test_5xx_check_status_exits_5(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--check-status', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/status/500',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert '500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR' in r
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.ERROR_HTTP_5XX

tests/test_httpie.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""High-level tests."""
+import pytest
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http, HTTP_OK
+from fixtures import FILE_PATH, FILE_CONTENT
+
+import httpie
+from httpie.compat import is_py26
+
+
+class TestHTTPie:
+
+    def test_debug(self):
+        r = http('--debug')
+        assert r.exit_status == httpie.ExitStatus.OK
+        assert 'HTTPie %s' % httpie.__version__ in r.stderr
+        assert 'HTTPie data:' in r.stderr
+
+    def test_help(self):
+        r = http('--help', error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert r.exit_status == httpie.ExitStatus.OK
+        assert 'https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues' in r
+
+    def test_version(self):
+        r = http('--version', error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert r.exit_status == httpie.ExitStatus.OK
+        # FIXME: py3 has version in stdout, py2 in stderr
+        assert httpie.__version__ == r.stderr.strip() + r.strip()
+
+    def test_GET(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_DELETE(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('DELETE', httpbin.url + '/delete')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_PUT(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('PUT', httpbin.url + '/put', 'foo=bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['json']['foo'] == 'bar'
+
+    def test_POST_JSON_data(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'foo=bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['json']['foo'] == 'bar'
+
+    def test_POST_form(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'foo=bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"foo": "bar"' in r
+
+    def test_POST_form_multiple_values(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'foo=bar', 'foo=baz')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['form'] == {'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
+
+    def test_POST_stdin(self, httpbin):
+        with open(FILE_PATH) as f:
+            env = TestEnvironment(stdin=f, stdin_isatty=False)
+            r = http('--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', env=env)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert FILE_CONTENT in r
+
+    def test_headers(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/headers', 'Foo:bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"User-Agent": "HTTPie' in r, r
+        assert '"Foo": "bar"' in r
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        is_py26,
+        reason='the `object_pairs_hook` arg for `json.loads()` is Py>2.6 only'
+    )
+    def test_json_input_preserve_order(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('PATCH', httpbin.url + '/patch',
+                 'order:={"map":{"1":"first","2":"second"}}')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['data'] == \
+            '{"order": {"map": {"1": "first", "2": "second"}}}'

tests/test_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import pytest
+
+from httpie import ExitStatus
+from httpie.output.formatters.colors import get_lexer
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http, HTTP_OK, COLOR, CRLF
+
+
+class TestVerboseFlag:
+    def test_verbose(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', 'test-header:__test__')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.count('__test__') == 2
+
+    def test_verbose_form(self, httpbin):
+        # https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/53
+        r = http('--verbose', '--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 'A=B', 'C=D')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert 'A=B&C=D' in r
+
+    def test_verbose_json(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose',
+                 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'foo=bar', 'baz=bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert '"baz": "bar"' in r
+
+
+class TestColors:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('mime', [
+        'application/json',
+        'application/json+foo',
+        'application/foo+json',
+        'application/json-foo',
+        'application/x-json',
+        'foo/json',
+        'foo/json+bar',
+        'foo/bar+json',
+        'foo/json-foo',
+        'foo/x-json',
+    ])
+    def test_get_lexer(self, mime):
+        lexer = get_lexer(mime)
+        assert lexer is not None
+        assert lexer.name == 'JSON'
+
+    def test_get_lexer_not_found(self):
+        assert get_lexer('xxx/yyy') is None
+
+
+class TestPrettyOptions:
+    """Test the --pretty flag handling."""
+
+    def test_pretty_enabled_by_default(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(colors=256)
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=env)
+        assert COLOR in r
+
+    def test_pretty_enabled_by_default_unless_stdout_redirected(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        assert COLOR not in r
+
+    def test_force_pretty(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdout_isatty=False, colors=256)
+        r = http('--pretty=all', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=env, )
+        assert COLOR in r
+
+    def test_force_ugly(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--pretty=none', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        assert COLOR not in r
+
+    def test_subtype_based_pygments_lexer_match(self, httpbin):
+        """Test that media subtype is used if type/subtype doesn't
+        match any lexer.
+
+        """
+        env = TestEnvironment(colors=256)
+        r = http('--print=B', '--pretty=all', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 'Content-Type:text/foo+json', 'a=b', env=env)
+        assert COLOR in r
+
+    def test_colors_option(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(colors=256)
+        r = http('--print=B', '--pretty=colors',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', 'a=b',
+                 env=env)
+        # Tests that the JSON data isn't formatted.
+        assert not r.strip().count('\n')
+        assert COLOR in r
+
+    def test_format_option(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(colors=256)
+        r = http('--print=B', '--pretty=format',
+                 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', 'a=b',
+                 env=env)
+        # Tests that the JSON data is formatted.
+        assert r.strip().count('\n') == 2
+        assert COLOR not in r
+
+
+class TestLineEndings:
+    """
+    Test that CRLF is properly used in headers
+    and as the headers/body separator.
+
+    """
+    def _validate_crlf(self, msg):
+        lines = iter(msg.splitlines(True))
+        for header in lines:
+            if header == CRLF:
+                break
+            assert header.endswith(CRLF), repr(header)
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'CRLF between headers and body not found in %r' % msg
+        body = ''.join(lines)
+        assert CRLF not in body
+        return body
+
+    def test_CRLF_headers_only(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--headers', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        body = self._validate_crlf(r)
+        assert not body, 'Garbage after headers: %r' % r
+
+    def test_CRLF_ugly_response(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--pretty=none', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        self._validate_crlf(r)
+
+    def test_CRLF_formatted_response(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--pretty=format', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.OK
+        self._validate_crlf(r)
+
+    def test_CRLF_ugly_request(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--pretty=none', '--print=HB', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        self._validate_crlf(r)
+
+    def test_CRLF_formatted_request(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--pretty=format', '--print=HB', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get')
+        self._validate_crlf(r)

tests/test_regressions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Miscellaneous regression tests"""
+import pytest
+
+from utils import http, HTTP_OK
+from httpie.compat import is_windows
+
+
+def test_Host_header_overwrite(httpbin):
+    """
+    https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/235
+
+    """
+    host = 'httpbin.org'
+    url = httpbin.url + '/get'
+    r = http('--print=hH', url, 'host:{0}'.format(host))
+    assert HTTP_OK in r
+    assert r.lower().count('host:') == 1
+    assert 'host: {0}'.format(host) in r
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(is_windows, reason='Unix-only')
+def test_output_devnull(httpbin):
+    """
+    https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/252
+
+    """
+    http('--output=/dev/null', httpbin + '/get')

tests/test_sessions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+import os
+import shutil
+
+from httpie.plugins.builtin import HTTPBasicAuth
+from utils import TestEnvironment, mk_config_dir, http, HTTP_OK, \
+    no_content_type
+from fixtures import UNICODE
+
+
+class SessionTestBase(object):
+
+    def start_session(self, httpbin):
+        """Create and reuse a unique config dir for each test."""
+        self.config_dir = mk_config_dir()
+
+    def teardown_method(self, method):
+        shutil.rmtree(self.config_dir)
+
+    def env(self):
+        """
+        Return an environment.
+
+        Each environment created withing a test method
+        will share the same config_dir. It is necessary
+        for session files being reused.
+
+        """
+        return TestEnvironment(config_dir=self.config_dir)
+
+
+class TestSessionFlow(SessionTestBase):
+    """
+    These tests start with an existing session created in `setup_method()`.
+
+    """
+
+    def start_session(self, httpbin):
+        """
+        Start a full-blown session with a custom request header,
+        authorization, and response cookies.
+
+        """
+        super(TestSessionFlow, self).start_session(httpbin)
+        r1 = http('--follow', '--session=test', '--auth=username:password',
+                  'GET', httpbin.url + '/cookies/set?hello=world',
+                  'Hello:World',
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r1
+
+    def test_session_created_and_reused(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+        # Verify that the session created in setup_method() has been used.
+        r2 = http('--session=test',
+                  'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+        assert r2.json['headers']['Hello'] == 'World'
+        assert r2.json['headers']['Cookie'] == 'hello=world'
+        assert 'Basic ' in r2.json['headers']['Authorization']
+
+    def test_session_update(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+        # Get a response to a request from the original session.
+        r2 = http('--session=test', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+
+        # Make a request modifying the session data.
+        r3 = http('--follow', '--session=test', '--auth=username:password2',
+                  'GET', httpbin.url + '/cookies/set?hello=world2', 'Hello:World2',
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r3
+
+        # Get a response to a request from the updated session.
+        r4 = http('--session=test', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r4
+        assert r4.json['headers']['Hello'] == 'World2'
+        assert r4.json['headers']['Cookie'] == 'hello=world2'
+        assert (r2.json['headers']['Authorization'] !=
+                r4.json['headers']['Authorization'])
+
+    def test_session_read_only(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+        # Get a response from the original session.
+        r2 = http('--session=test', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+
+        # Make a request modifying the session data but
+        # with --session-read-only.
+        r3 = http('--follow', '--session-read-only=test',
+                  '--auth=username:password2', 'GET',
+                  httpbin.url + '/cookies/set?hello=world2', 'Hello:World2',
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r3
+
+        # Get a response from the updated session.
+        r4 = http('--session=test', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r4
+
+        # Origin can differ on Travis.
+        del r2.json['origin'], r4.json['origin']
+        # Different for each request.
+
+        # Should be the same as before r3.
+        assert r2.json == r4.json
+
+
+class TestSession(SessionTestBase):
+    """Stand-alone session tests."""
+
+    def test_session_ignored_header_prefixes(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+        r1 = http('--session=test', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                  'Content-Type: text/plain',
+                  'If-Unmodified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT',
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r1
+
+        r2 = http('--session=test', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+        assert no_content_type(r2.json['headers'])
+        assert 'If-Unmodified-Since' not in r2.json['headers']
+
+    def test_session_by_path(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+        session_path = os.path.join(self.config_dir, 'session-by-path.json')
+        r1 = http('--session=' + session_path, 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                  'Foo:Bar', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r1
+
+        r2 = http('--session=' + session_path, 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+        assert r2.json['headers']['Foo'] == 'Bar'
+
+    def test_session_unicode(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+
+        r1 = http('--session=test', u'--auth=test:' + UNICODE,
+                  'GET', httpbin.url + '/get', u'Test:%s' % UNICODE,
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r1
+
+        r2 = http('--session=test', '--verbose', 'GET',
+                  httpbin.url + '/get', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+
+        # FIXME: Authorization *sometimes* is not present on Python3
+        assert (r2.json['headers']['Authorization']
+                == HTTPBasicAuth.make_header(u'test', UNICODE))
+        # httpbin doesn't interpret utf8 headers
+        assert UNICODE in r2
+
+    def test_session_default_header_value_overwritten(self, httpbin):
+        self.start_session(httpbin)
+        # https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues/180
+        r1 = http('--session=test',
+                  httpbin.url + '/headers', 'User-Agent:custom',
+                  env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r1
+        assert r1.json['headers']['User-Agent'] == 'custom'
+
+        r2 = http('--session=test', httpbin.url + '/headers', env=self.env())
+        assert HTTP_OK in r2
+        assert r2.json['headers']['User-Agent'] == 'custom'

tests/test_ssl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+import pytest_httpbin.certs
+from requests.exceptions import SSLError
+
+from httpie import ExitStatus
+from utils import http, HTTP_OK, TESTS_ROOT
+
+
+CLIENT_CERT = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'client_certs', 'client.crt')
+CLIENT_KEY = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'client_certs', 'client.key')
+CLIENT_PEM = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'client_certs', 'client.pem')
+
+# We test against a local httpbin instance which uses a self-signed cert.
+# Requests without --verify=<CA_BUNDLE> will fail with a verification error.
+# See: https://github.com/kevin1024/pytest-httpbin#https-support
+CA_BUNDLE = pytest_httpbin.certs.where()
+
+
+class TestClientSSLCertHandling(object):
+
+    def test_cert_file_not_found(self, httpbin_secure):
+        r = http(httpbin_secure + '/get',
+                 '--verify', CA_BUNDLE,
+                 '--cert', '/__not_found__',
+                 error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert r.exit_status == ExitStatus.ERROR
+        assert 'No such file or directory' in r.stderr
+
+    def test_cert_file_invalid(self, httpbin_secure):
+        with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+            http(httpbin_secure + '/get',
+                 '--verify', CA_BUNDLE,
+                 '--cert', __file__)
+
+    def test_cert_ok_but_missing_key(self, httpbin_secure):
+        with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+            http(httpbin_secure + '/get',
+                 '--verify', CA_BUNDLE,
+                 '--cert', CLIENT_CERT)
+
+    def test_cert_and_key(self, httpbin_secure):
+        r = http(httpbin_secure + '/get',
+                 '--verify', CA_BUNDLE,
+                 '--cert', CLIENT_CERT,
+                 '--cert-key', CLIENT_KEY)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_cert_pem(self, httpbin_secure):
+        r = http(httpbin_secure + '/get',
+                 '--verify', CA_BUNDLE,
+                 '--cert', CLIENT_PEM)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+
+class TestServerSSLCertHandling(object):
+
+    def test_self_signed_server_cert_by_default_raises_ssl_error(
+            self, httpbin_secure):
+        with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+            http(httpbin_secure.url + '/get')
+
+    def test_verify_no_OK(self, httpbin_secure):
+        r = http(httpbin_secure.url + '/get', '--verify=no')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_verify_custom_ca_bundle_path(
+            self, httpbin_secure):
+        r = http(httpbin_secure.url + '/get', '--verify', CA_BUNDLE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_verify_custom_ca_bundle_invalid_path(self, httpbin_secure):
+        with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+            http(httpbin_secure.url + '/get', '--verify', '/__not_found__')
+
+    def test_verify_custom_ca_bundle_invalid_bundle(self, httpbin_secure):
+        with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+            http(httpbin_secure.url + '/get', '--verify', __file__)

tests/test_stream.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import pytest
+
+from httpie.compat import is_windows
+from httpie.output.streams import BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE
+from utils import http, TestEnvironment
+from fixtures import BIN_FILE_CONTENT, BIN_FILE_PATH
+
+
+class TestStream:
+    # GET because httpbin 500s with binary POST body.
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(is_windows,
+                        reason='Pretty redirect not supported under Windows')
+    def test_pretty_redirected_stream(self, httpbin):
+        """Test that --stream works with prettified redirected output."""
+        with open(BIN_FILE_PATH, 'rb') as f:
+            env = TestEnvironment(colors=256, stdin=f,
+                                  stdin_isatty=False,
+                                  stdout_isatty=False)
+            r = http('--verbose', '--pretty=all', '--stream', 'GET',
+                     httpbin.url + '/get', env=env)
+        assert BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE.decode() in r
+
+    def test_encoded_stream(self, httpbin):
+        """Test that --stream works with non-prettified
+        redirected terminal output."""
+        with open(BIN_FILE_PATH, 'rb') as f:
+            env = TestEnvironment(stdin=f, stdin_isatty=False)
+            r = http('--pretty=none', '--stream', '--verbose', 'GET',
+                     httpbin.url + '/get', env=env)
+        assert BINARY_SUPPRESSED_NOTICE.decode() in r
+
+    def test_redirected_stream(self, httpbin):
+        """Test that --stream works with non-prettified
+        redirected terminal output."""
+        with open(BIN_FILE_PATH, 'rb') as f:
+            env = TestEnvironment(stdout_isatty=False,
+                                  stdin_isatty=False,
+                                  stdin=f)
+            r = http('--pretty=none', '--stream', '--verbose', 'GET',
+                     httpbin.url + '/get', env=env)
+        assert BIN_FILE_CONTENT in r

tests/test_unicode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+"""
+Various unicode handling related tests.
+
+"""
+from utils import http, HTTP_OK
+from fixtures import UNICODE
+
+
+class TestUnicode:
+
+    def test_unicode_headers(self, httpbin):
+        # httpbin doesn't interpret utf8 headers
+        r = http(httpbin.url + '/headers', u'Test:%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_unicode_headers_verbose(self, httpbin):
+        # httpbin doesn't interpret utf8 headers
+        r = http('--verbose', httpbin.url + '/headers', u'Test:%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert UNICODE in r
+
+    def test_unicode_form_item(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', u'test=%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['form'] == {'test': UNICODE}
+
+    def test_unicode_form_item_verbose(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose', '--form',
+                 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', u'test=%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert UNICODE in r
+
+    def test_unicode_json_item(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--json', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', u'test=%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['json'] == {'test': UNICODE}
+
+    def test_unicode_json_item_verbose(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose', '--json',
+                 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', u'test=%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert UNICODE in r
+
+    def test_unicode_raw_json_item(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--json', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 u'test:={ "%s" : [ "%s" ] }' % (UNICODE, UNICODE))
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['json'] == {'test': {UNICODE: [UNICODE]}}
+
+    def test_unicode_raw_json_item_verbose(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--json', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 u'test:={ "%s" : [ "%s" ] }' % (UNICODE, UNICODE))
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['json'] == {'test': {UNICODE: [UNICODE]}}
+
+    def test_unicode_url_query_arg_item(self, httpbin):
+        r = http(httpbin.url + '/get', u'test==%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['args'] == {'test': UNICODE}, r
+
+    def test_unicode_url_query_arg_item_verbose(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose', httpbin.url + '/get', u'test==%s' % UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert UNICODE in r
+
+    def test_unicode_url(self, httpbin):
+        r = http(httpbin.url + u'/get?test=' + UNICODE)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.json['args'] == {'test': UNICODE}
+
+    # def test_unicode_url_verbose(self):
+    #     r = http(httpbin.url + '--verbose', u'/get?test=' + UNICODE)
+    #     assert HTTP_OK in r
+
+    def test_unicode_basic_auth(self, httpbin):
+        # it doesn't really authenticate us because httpbin
+        # doesn't interpret the utf8-encoded auth
+        http('--verbose', '--auth', u'test:%s' % UNICODE,
+             httpbin.url + u'/basic-auth/test/' + UNICODE)
+
+    def test_unicode_digest_auth(self, httpbin):
+        # it doesn't really authenticate us because httpbin
+        # doesn't interpret the utf8-encoded auth
+        http('--auth-type=digest',
+             '--auth', u'test:%s' % UNICODE,
+             httpbin.url + u'/digest-auth/auth/test/' + UNICODE)

tests/test_uploads.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+from httpie.input import ParseError
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http, HTTP_OK
+from fixtures import FILE_PATH_ARG, FILE_PATH, FILE_CONTENT
+
+
+class TestMultipartFormDataFileUpload:
+
+    def test_non_existent_file_raises_parse_error(self, httpbin):
+        with pytest.raises(ParseError):
+            http('--form',
+                 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'foo@/__does_not_exist__')
+
+    def test_upload_ok(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', '--verbose', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 'test-file@%s' % FILE_PATH_ARG, 'foo=bar')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo"' in r
+        assert 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="test-file";' \
+               ' filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(FILE_PATH) in r
+        assert FILE_CONTENT in r
+        assert '"foo": "bar"' in r
+
+    def test_upload_multiple_fields_with_the_same_name(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--form', '--verbose', 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post',
+                 'test-file@%s' % FILE_PATH_ARG,
+                 'test-file@%s' % FILE_PATH_ARG)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert r.count('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="test-file";'
+               ' filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(FILE_PATH)) == 2
+        # Should be 4, but is 3 because httpbin
+        # doesn't seem to support filed field lists
+        assert r.count(FILE_CONTENT) in [3, 4]
+
+
+class TestRequestBodyFromFilePath:
+    """
+    `http URL @file'
+
+    """
+
+    def test_request_body_from_file_by_path(self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose',
+                 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', '@' + FILE_PATH_ARG)
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert FILE_CONTENT in r, r
+        assert '"Content-Type": "text/plain"' in r
+
+    def test_request_body_from_file_by_path_with_explicit_content_type(
+            self, httpbin):
+        r = http('--verbose',
+                 'POST', httpbin.url + '/post', '@' + FILE_PATH_ARG,
+                 'Content-Type:text/plain; charset=utf8')
+        assert HTTP_OK in r
+        assert FILE_CONTENT in r
+        assert 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf8' in r
+
+    def test_request_body_from_file_by_path_no_field_name_allowed(
+            self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=True)
+        r = http('POST', httpbin.url + '/post', 'field-name@' + FILE_PATH_ARG,
+                 env=env, error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert 'perhaps you meant --form?' in r.stderr
+
+    def test_request_body_from_file_by_path_no_data_items_allowed(
+            self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(stdin_isatty=False)
+        r = http('POST', httpbin.url + '/post', '@' + FILE_PATH_ARG, 'foo=bar',
+                 env=env, error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert 'cannot be mixed' in r.stderr

tests/test_windows.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+from httpie.context import Environment
+
+from utils import TestEnvironment, http
+from httpie.compat import is_windows
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_windows, reason='windows-only')
+class TestWindowsOnly:
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(True,
+                        reason='this test for some reason kills the process')
+    def test_windows_colorized_output(self, httpbin):
+        # Spits out the colorized output.
+        http(httpbin.url + '/get', env=Environment())
+
+
+class TestFakeWindows:
+    def test_output_file_pretty_not_allowed_on_windows(self, httpbin):
+        env = TestEnvironment(is_windows=True)
+        output_file = os.path.join(
+            tempfile.gettempdir(), '__httpie_test_output__')
+        r = http('--output', output_file,
+                 '--pretty=all', 'GET', httpbin.url + '/get',
+                 env=env, error_exit_ok=True)
+        assert 'Only terminal output can be colorized on Windows' in r.stderr

tests/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+"""Utilities used by HTTPie tests.
+
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import json
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+import httpie
+from httpie.context import Environment
+from httpie.core import main
+from httpie.compat import bytes, str
+
+
+TESTS_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+CRLF = '\r\n'
+COLOR = '\x1b['
+HTTP_OK = '200 OK'
+HTTP_OK_COLOR = (
+    'HTTP\x1b[39m\x1b[38;5;245m/\x1b[39m\x1b'
+    '[38;5;37m1.1\x1b[39m\x1b[38;5;245m \x1b[39m\x1b[38;5;37m200'
+    '\x1b[39m\x1b[38;5;245m \x1b[39m\x1b[38;5;136mOK'
+)
+
+
+def no_content_type(headers):
+    return (
+        'Content-Type' not in headers
+        # We need to do also this because of this issue:
+        # <https://github.com/kevin1024/pytest-httpbin/issues/5>
+        # TODO: remove this function once the issue is if fixed
+        or headers['Content-Type'] == 'text/plain'
+    )
+
+
+def add_auth(url, auth):
+    proto, rest = url.split('://', 1)
+    return proto + '://' + auth + '@' + rest
+
+
+class TestEnvironment(Environment):
+    """
+    Environment subclass with reasonable defaults suitable for testing.
+
+    """
+    colors = 0
+    stdin_isatty = True,
+    stdout_isatty = True
+    is_windows = False
+
+    _shutil = shutil  # needed by __del__ (would get gc'd)
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+
+        if 'stdout' not in kwargs:
+            kwargs['stdout'] = tempfile.TemporaryFile('w+b')
+
+        if 'stderr' not in kwargs:
+            kwargs['stderr'] = tempfile.TemporaryFile('w+t')
+
+        self.delete_config_dir = False
+        if 'config_dir' not in kwargs:
+            kwargs['config_dir'] = mk_config_dir()
+            self.delete_config_dir = True
+
+        super(TestEnvironment, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self.delete_config_dir:
+            self._shutil.rmtree(self.config_dir)
+
+
+def http(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Run HTTPie and capture stderr/out and exit status.
+
+    Invoke `httpie.core.main()` with `args` and `kwargs`,
+    and return a `CLIResponse` subclass instance.
+
+    The return value is either a `StrCLIResponse`, or `BytesCLIResponse`
+    if unable to decode the output.
+
+    The response has the following attributes:
+
+        `stdout` is represented by the instance itself (print r)
+        `stderr`: text written to stderr
+        `exit_status`: the exit status
+        `json`: decoded JSON (if possible) or `None`
+
+    Exceptions are propagated.
+
+    If you pass ``error_exit_ok=True``, then error exit statuses
+    won't result into an exception.
+
+    Example:
+
+    $ http --auth=user:password GET httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password
+
+        >>> r = http('-a', 'user:pw', 'httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pw')
+        >>> type(r) == StrCLIResponse
+        True
+        >>> r.exit_status
+        0
+        >>> r.stderr
+        ''
+        >>> 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK' in r
+        True
+        >>> r.json == {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
+        True
+
+
+    """
+    error_exit_ok = kwargs.pop('error_exit_ok', False)
+    env = kwargs.get('env')
+    if not env:
+        env = kwargs['env'] = TestEnvironment()
+
+    stdout = env.stdout
+    stderr = env.stderr
+
+    args = list(args)
+    if '--debug' not in args and '--traceback' not in args:
+        args = ['--traceback'] + args
+
+    def dump_stderr():
+        stderr.seek(0)
+        sys.stderr.write(stderr.read())
+
+    try:
+        try:
+            exit_status = main(args=args, **kwargs)
+            if '--download' in args:
+                # Let the progress reporter thread finish.
+                time.sleep(.5)
+        except SystemExit:
+            if error_exit_ok:
+                exit_status = httpie.ExitStatus.ERROR
+            else:
+                dump_stderr()
+                raise
+        except Exception:
+            stderr.seek(0)
+            sys.stderr.write(stderr.read())
+            raise
+        else:
+            if exit_status != httpie.ExitStatus.OK and not error_exit_ok:
+                dump_stderr()
+                raise Exception('Unexpected exit status: %s', exit_status)
+
+        stdout.seek(0)
+        stderr.seek(0)
+        output = stdout.read()
+        try:
+            output = output.decode('utf8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            # noinspection PyArgumentList
+            r = BytesCLIResponse(output)
+        else:
+            # noinspection PyArgumentList
+            r = StrCLIResponse(output)
+        r.stderr = stderr.read()
+        r.exit_status = exit_status
+
+        if r.exit_status != httpie.ExitStatus.OK:
+            sys.stderr.write(r.stderr)
+
+        return r
+
+    finally:
+        stdout.close()
+        stderr.close()
+
+
+class BaseCLIResponse(object):
+    """
+    Represents the result of simulated `$ http' invocation  via `http()`.
+
+    Holds and provides access to:
+
+        - stdout output: print(self)
+        - stderr output: print(self.stderr)
+        - exit_status output: print(self.exit_status)
+
+    """
+    stderr = None
+    json = None
+    exit_status = None
+
+
+class BytesCLIResponse(bytes, BaseCLIResponse):
+    """
+    Used as a fallback when a StrCLIResponse cannot be used.
+
+    E.g. when the output contains binary data or when it is colorized.
+
+    `.json` will always be None.
+
+    """
+
+
+class StrCLIResponse(str, BaseCLIResponse):
+
+    @property
+    def json(self):
+        """
+        Return deserialized JSON body, if one included in the output
+        and is parseable.
+
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, '_json'):
+            self._json = None
+            # De-serialize JSON body if possible.
+            if COLOR in self:
+                # Colorized output cannot be parsed.
+                pass
+            elif self.strip().startswith('{'):
+                # Looks like JSON body.
+                self._json = json.loads(self)
+            elif (self.count('Content-Type:') == 1
+                    and 'application/json' in self):
+                # Looks like a whole JSON HTTP message,
+                # try to extract its body.
+                try:
+                    j = self.strip()[self.strip().rindex('\r\n\r\n'):]
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self._json = json.loads(j)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+        return self._json
+
+
+def mk_config_dir():
+    return tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='httpie_test_config_dir_')

tox.ini

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 # Tox (http://tox.testrun.org/) is a tool for running tests
-# in multiple virtualenvs. This configuration file will run the
-# test suite on all supported python versions. To use it, "pip install tox"
-# and then run "tox" from this directory.
+# in multiple virtualenvs.
+# Run:
+# $ pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
+# $ tox
+
 
 [tox]
-envlist = py26, py27, py32, pypy
+envlist = py26, py27, py34, pypy
+
 
 [testenv]
-commands = {envpython} setup.py test
+deps =
+    pytest
+    pytest-httpbin
 
-[testenv:py26]
-deps = argparse
+commands =
+    py.test --verbose --doctest-modules --basetemp={envtmpdir} {posargs:./tests ./httpie}
 
-[testenv:py30]
-deps = argparse
-
-[testenv:py31]
-deps = argparse
+[pytest]
+addopts = --tb=native