add into record command (#7225)

# Description

This command converts things into records.
<img width="466" alt="Screenshot 2022-11-24 at 2 10 54 PM"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/343840/203858104-0e4445da-9c37-4c7c-97ec-68ec3515bc4b.png">

<img width="716" alt="Screenshot 2022-11-24 at 5 04 11 PM"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/343840/203872621-48cab199-ba57-44fe-8f36-9e1469b9c4ef.png">



It also converts dates into record but I couldn't get the test harness
to accept an example.

Thanks to @WindSoilder for writing the "hard" parts of this. :)


_(Thank you for improving Nushell. Please, check our [contributing
guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md) and talk to the core team before making major
changes.)_

_(Description of your pull request goes here. **Provide examples and/or
screenshots** if your changes affect the user experience.)_

# User-Facing Changes

_(List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This helps
us keep track of breaking changes.)_

# Tests + Formatting

Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.

Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:

- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect` to check that you're using the standard code
style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass

# After Submitting

If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
documentation](https://github.com/nushell/nushell.github.io) after the
PR is merged, if necessary. This will help us keep the docs up to date.

Co-authored-by: WindSoilder <WindSoilder@outlook.com>

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ mod decimal;
 mod duration;
 mod filesize;
 mod int;
+mod record;
 mod string;
 
 pub use self::bool::SubCommand as IntoBool;
@@ -16,4 +17,5 @@ pub use datetime::SubCommand as IntoDatetime;
 pub use decimal::SubCommand as IntoDecimal;
 pub use duration::SubCommand as IntoDuration;
 pub use int::SubCommand as IntoInt;
+pub use record::SubCommand as IntoRecord;
 pub use string::SubCommand as IntoString;

crates/nu-command/src/conversions/into/record.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+use chrono::{DateTime, Datelike, FixedOffset, Timelike};
+use nu_protocol::format_duration_as_timeperiod;
+use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::Call,
+    engine::{Command, EngineState, Stack},
+    Category, Example, IntoPipelineData, PipelineData, ShellError, Signature, Span, Type, Value,
+};
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SubCommand;
+
+impl Command for SubCommand {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "into record"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("into record")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Date, Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Duration, Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::List(Box::new(Type::Any)), Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Range, Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Record(vec![]), Type::Record(vec![])),
+                (Type::Table(vec![]), Type::Record(vec![])),
+            ])
+            .category(Category::Conversions)
+    }
+
+    fn usage(&self) -> &str {
+        "Convert value to record"
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec!["convert"]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        _stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<nu_protocol::PipelineData, nu_protocol::ShellError> {
+        into_record(engine_state, call, input)
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        let span = Span::test_data();
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert from one row table to record",
+                example: "echo [[value]; [false]] | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["value".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![Value::boolean(false, span)],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert from list to record",
+                example: "[1 2 3] | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["0".to_string(), "1".to_string(), "2".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 3, span },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "Convert from range to record",
+                example: "0..2 | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["0".to_string(), "1".to_string(), "2".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 0, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert duration to record",
+                example: "-500day | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec![
+                        "year".into(),
+                        "month".into(),
+                        "week".into(),
+                        "day".into(),
+                        "sign".into(),
+                    ],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 4, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 2, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 1, span },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "-".into(),
+                            span,
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert record to record",
+                example: "{a: 1, b: 2} | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec!["a".to_string(), "b".to_string()],
+                    vals: vec![Value::Int { val: 1, span }, Value::Int { val: 2, span }],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert date to record",
+                example: "2020-04-12T22:10:57+02:00 | into record",
+                result: Some(Value::Record {
+                    cols: vec![
+                        "year".into(),
+                        "month".into(),
+                        "day".into(),
+                        "hour".into(),
+                        "minute".into(),
+                        "second".into(),
+                        "timezone".into(),
+                    ],
+                    vals: vec![
+                        Value::Int { val: 2020, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 4, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 12, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 22, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 10, span },
+                        Value::Int { val: 57, span },
+                        Value::String {
+                            val: "+02:00".to_string(),
+                            span,
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    span,
+                }),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn into_record(
+    engine_state: &EngineState,
+    call: &Call,
+    input: PipelineData,
+) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+    let input = input.into_value(call.head);
+    let input_type = input.get_type();
+    let res = match input {
+        Value::Date { val, span } => parse_date_into_record(Ok(val), span),
+        Value::Duration { val, span } => parse_duration_into_record(val, span),
+        Value::List { mut vals, span } => match input_type {
+            Type::Table(..) if vals.len() == 1 => vals.pop().expect("already checked 1 item"),
+            _ => {
+                let mut cols = vec![];
+                let mut values = vec![];
+                for (idx, val) in vals.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                    cols.push(format!("{idx}"));
+                    values.push(val);
+                }
+                Value::Record {
+                    cols,
+                    vals: values,
+                    span,
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        Value::Range { val, span } => {
+            let mut cols = vec![];
+            let mut vals = vec![];
+            for (idx, val) in val.into_range_iter(engine_state.ctrlc.clone())?.enumerate() {
+                cols.push(format!("{idx}"));
+                vals.push(val);
+            }
+            Value::Record { cols, vals, span }
+        }
+        Value::Record { cols, vals, span } => Value::Record { cols, vals, span },
+        other => Value::Error {
+            error: ShellError::UnsupportedInput(
+                "'into record' does not support this input".into(),
+                other.span().unwrap_or(call.head),
+            ),
+        },
+    };
+    Ok(res.into_pipeline_data())
+}
+
+fn parse_date_into_record(date: Result<DateTime<FixedOffset>, Value>, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let cols = vec![
+        "year".into(),
+        "month".into(),
+        "day".into(),
+        "hour".into(),
+        "minute".into(),
+        "second".into(),
+        "timezone".into(),
+    ];
+    match date {
+        Ok(x) => {
+            let vals = vec![
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.year() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.month() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.day() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.hour() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.minute() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::Int {
+                    val: x.second() as i64,
+                    span,
+                },
+                Value::String {
+                    val: x.offset().to_string(),
+                    span,
+                },
+            ];
+            Value::Record { cols, vals, span }
+        }
+        Err(e) => e,
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_duration_into_record(duration: i64, span: Span) -> Value {
+    let (sign, periods) = format_duration_as_timeperiod(duration);
+
+    let mut cols = vec![];
+    let mut vals = vec![];
+    for p in periods {
+        let num_with_unit = p.to_text().to_string();
+        let split = num_with_unit.split(' ').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        cols.push(match split[1] {
+            "ns" => "nanosecond".into(),
+            "µs" => "microsecond".into(),
+            "ms" => "millisecond".into(),
+            "sec" => "second".into(),
+            "min" => "minute".into(),
+            "hr" => "hour".into(),
+            "day" => "day".into(),
+            "wk" => "week".into(),
+            "month" => "month".into(),
+            "yr" => "year".into(),
+            _ => "unknown".into(),
+        });
+
+        vals.push(Value::Int {
+            val: split[0].parse::<i64>().unwrap_or(0),
+            span,
+        });
+    }
+
+    cols.push("sign".into());
+    vals.push(Value::String {
+        val: if sign == -1 { "-".into() } else { "+".into() },
+        span,
+    });
+
+    Value::Record { cols, vals, span }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
+    }
+}

crates/nu-command/src/default_context.rs

@@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ pub fn create_default_context() -> EngineState {
             IntoDuration,
             IntoFilesize,
             IntoInt,
+            IntoRecord,
             IntoString,
         };
 

crates/nu-protocol/src/value/mod.rs

@@ -2968,7 +2968,7 @@ pub fn is_leap_year(year: i32) -> bool {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-enum TimePeriod {
+pub enum TimePeriod {
     Nanos(i64),
     Micros(i64),
     Millis(i64),
@@ -2982,18 +2982,18 @@ enum TimePeriod {
 }
 
 impl TimePeriod {
-    fn to_text(self) -> Cow<'static, str> {
+    pub fn to_text(self) -> Cow<'static, str> {
         match self {
-            Self::Nanos(n) => format!("{}ns", n).into(),
-            Self::Micros(n) => format!("{}µs", n).into(),
-            Self::Millis(n) => format!("{}ms", n).into(),
-            Self::Seconds(n) => format!("{}sec", n).into(),
-            Self::Minutes(n) => format!("{}min", n).into(),
-            Self::Hours(n) => format!("{}hr", n).into(),
-            Self::Days(n) => format!("{}day", n).into(),
-            Self::Weeks(n) => format!("{}wk", n).into(),
-            Self::Months(n) => format!("{}month", n).into(),
-            Self::Years(n) => format!("{}yr", n).into(),
+            Self::Nanos(n) => format!("{} ns", n).into(),
+            Self::Micros(n) => format!("{} µs", n).into(),
+            Self::Millis(n) => format!("{} ms", n).into(),
+            Self::Seconds(n) => format!("{} sec", n).into(),
+            Self::Minutes(n) => format!("{} min", n).into(),
+            Self::Hours(n) => format!("{} hr", n).into(),
+            Self::Days(n) => format!("{} day", n).into(),
+            Self::Weeks(n) => format!("{} wk", n).into(),
+            Self::Months(n) => format!("{} month", n).into(),
+            Self::Years(n) => format!("{} yr", n).into(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -3005,6 +3005,21 @@ impl Display for TimePeriod {
 }
 
 pub fn format_duration(duration: i64) -> String {
+    let (sign, periods) = format_duration_as_timeperiod(duration);
+
+    let text = periods
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|p| p.to_text().to_string().replace(' ', ""))
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>();
+
+    format!(
+        "{}{}",
+        if sign == -1 { "-" } else { "" },
+        text.join(" ").trim()
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn format_duration_as_timeperiod(duration: i64) -> (i32, Vec<TimePeriod>) {
     // Attribution: most of this is taken from chrono-humanize-rs. Thanks!
     // https://gitlab.com/imp/chrono-humanize-rs/-/blob/master/src/humantime.rs
     const DAYS_IN_YEAR: i64 = 365;
@@ -3151,21 +3166,7 @@ pub fn format_duration(duration: i64) -> String {
         periods.push(TimePeriod::Seconds(0));
     }
 
-    // let last = periods.pop().map(|last| last.to_text().to_string());
-    let text = periods
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|p| p.to_text().to_string())
-        .collect::<Vec<String>>();
-
-    // if let Some(last) = last {
-    //     text.push(format!("and {}", last));
-    // }
-
-    format!(
-        "{}{}",
-        if sign == -1 { "-" } else { "" },
-        text.join(" ").trim()
-    )
+    (sign, periods)
 }
 
 pub fn format_filesize_from_conf(num_bytes: i64, config: &Config) -> String {