Ab/version details (#12593)

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Closes #12561

# Description
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Add version details in `version`'s output. The intended use is for
third-party tools to be able to quickly check version numbers without
having to the parsing from `(version).version` or `$env.NU_VERSION`.

# User-Facing Changes
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helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->

This adds 4 new values to the record from `version`:

```
...
│ major              │ 0                                               │
│ minor              │ 92                                              │
│ patch              │ 3                                               │
│ pre                │ a-value                                         │
...
```

`pre` is optional and won't be present most of the time I think.

# Tests + Formatting
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I ran the new command using `cargo run -- -c version`:

```
╭────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ version            │ 0.92.3                                          │
│ major              │ 0                                               │
│ minor              │ 92                                              │
│ patch              │ 3                                               │
│ branch             │                                                 │
│ commit_hash        │                                                 │
│ build_os           │ macos-aarch64                                   │
│ build_target       │ aarch64-apple-darwin                            │
│ rust_version       │ rustc 1.77.2 (25ef9e3d8 2024-04-09)             │
│ rust_channel       │ 1.77.2-aarch64-apple-darwin                     │
│ cargo_version      │ cargo 1.77.2 (e52e36006 2024-03-26)             │
│ build_time         │ 2024-04-20 15:09:36 +02:00                      │
│ build_rust_channel │ release                                         │
│ allocator          │ mimalloc                                        │
│ features           │ default, sqlite, system-clipboard, trash, which │
│ installed_plugins  │                                                 │
╰────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
```

# After Submitting
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After this is merged I would like to write docs somewhere for scripts
writer to advise using these members instead of the string values. Where
should I put said docs ?

crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/version.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
 use nu_protocol::engine::StateWorkingSet;
 use shadow_rs::shadow;
@@ -56,8 +58,12 @@ impl Command for Version {
 }
 
 pub fn version(engine_state: &EngineState, call: &Call) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    // Pre-allocate the arrays in the worst case (12 items):
+    // Pre-allocate the arrays in the worst case (17 items):
     // - version
+    // - major
+    // - minor
+    // - patch
+    // - pre
     // - branch
     // - commit_hash
     // - build_os
@@ -66,15 +72,23 @@ pub fn version(engine_state: &EngineState, call: &Call) -> Result<PipelineData,
     // - cargo_version
     // - build_time
     // - build_rust_channel
+    // - allocator
     // - features
     // - installed_plugins
-    let mut record = Record::with_capacity(12);
+    let mut record = Record::with_capacity(17);
 
     record.push(
         "version",
         Value::string(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"), call.head),
     );
 
+    push_version_numbers(&mut record, call.head);
+
+    let version_pre = Some(build::PKG_VERSION_PRE).filter(|x| !x.is_empty());
+    if let Some(version_pre) = version_pre {
+        record.push("pre", Value::string(version_pre, call.head));
+    }
+
     record.push("branch", Value::string(build::BRANCH, call.head));
 
     let commit_hash = option_env!("NU_COMMIT_HASH");
@@ -142,6 +156,22 @@ pub fn version(engine_state: &EngineState, call: &Call) -> Result<PipelineData,
     Ok(Value::record(record, call.head).into_pipeline_data())
 }
 
+/// Add version numbers as integers to the given record
+fn push_version_numbers(record: &mut Record, head: Span) {
+    static VERSION_NUMBERS: OnceLock<(u8, u8, u8)> = OnceLock::new();
+
+    let &(major, minor, patch) = VERSION_NUMBERS.get_or_init(|| {
+        (
+            build::PKG_VERSION_MAJOR.parse().expect("Always set"),
+            build::PKG_VERSION_MINOR.parse().expect("Always set"),
+            build::PKG_VERSION_PATCH.parse().expect("Always set"),
+        )
+    });
+    record.push("major", Value::int(major as _, head));
+    record.push("minor", Value::int(minor as _, head));
+    record.push("patch", Value::int(patch as _, head));
+}
+
 fn global_allocator() -> &'static str {
     if cfg!(feature = "mimalloc") {
         "mimalloc"