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Darren Schroeder 761946c522
add the ability to combine columns with detect columns (#9511)
# Description

This PR adds the ability to manually combine columns in the `detect
columns` command. This is useful when items are close together but want
them to be in one column.

For example, if you want to parse the output of bash's `ls` command, the
output passed into `detect columns` would look similar to this.
```
❯ ^ls -lh
total 242K
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121 3.5K Mar 30 10:10 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121  11K Jun 21 14:16 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121 153K Jun 21 14:16 Cargo.lock
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121 5.7K Jun 21 08:47 Cargo.toml
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121  371 Mar 30 10:10 Cross.toml
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121 1.1K Apr  3 08:37 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121  13K Jun 21 14:16 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 May 24 08:06 assets
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Jun 21 14:16 benches
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121  310 Mar 30 10:10 codecov.yml
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Jun  1 15:30 crates
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 May  4 07:55 dict
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Mar 30 10:10 docker
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121 1.1K Jun 12 07:03 rust-toolchain.toml
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 May 26 07:11 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Jun 15 07:14 src
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Jun 21 09:48 target
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Jun 21 12:30 tests
-rw-r--r-- 1 dschroeder 197121  16K Jun 21 14:16 toolkit.nu
drwxr-xr-x 1 dschroeder 197121    0 Jun  1 15:30 wix
```
Running it through `detect columns` is helpful but notice how the Month,
Day, and Time are in their own columns.
```
❯ ^ls -lh | detect columns --no-headers --skip 1
╭────┬────────────┬─────────┬────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────────────────╮
│  # │  column0   │ column1 │  column2   │ column3 │ column4 │ column5 │ column6 │ column7 │       column8       │
├────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  0 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 3.5K    │ Mar     │ 30      │ 10:10   │ CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  │
│  1 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 11K     │ Jun     │ 21      │ 14:16   │ CONTRIBUTING.md     │
│  2 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 153K    │ Jun     │ 21      │ 14:16   │ Cargo.lock          │
│  3 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 5.7K    │ Jun     │ 21      │ 08:47   │ Cargo.toml          │
│  4 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 371     │ Mar     │ 30      │ 10:10   │ Cross.toml          │
│  5 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 1.1K    │ Apr     │ 3       │ 08:37   │ LICENSE             │
│  6 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 13K     │ Jun     │ 21      │ 14:16   │ README.md           │
│  7 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ May     │ 24      │ 08:06   │ assets              │
│  8 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun     │ 21      │ 14:16   │ benches             │
│  9 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 310     │ Mar     │ 30      │ 10:10   │ codecov.yml         │
│ 10 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun     │ 1       │ 15:30   │ crates              │
│ 11 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ May     │ 4       │ 07:55   │ dict                │
│ 12 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Mar     │ 30      │ 10:10   │ docker              │
│ 13 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 1.1K    │ Jun     │ 12      │ 07:03   │ rust-toolchain.toml │
│ 14 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ May     │ 26      │ 07:11   │ scripts             │
│ 15 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun     │ 15      │ 07:14   │ src                 │
│ 16 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun     │ 21      │ 09:48   │ target              │
│ 17 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun     │ 21      │ 12:30   │ tests               │
│ 18 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 16K     │ Jun     │ 21      │ 14:16   │ toolkit.nu          │
│ 19 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun     │ 1       │ 15:30   │ wix                 │
├────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  # │  column0   │ column1 │  column2   │ column3 │ column4 │ column5 │ column6 │ column7 │       column8       │
╰────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────────────────╯
```
Now you can add `--combine-columns <range>` and get something like this.
```
❯ ^ls -lh | detect columns --no-headers --skip 1 --combine-columns 5..7
╭────┬────────────┬─────────┬────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────────┬─────────────────────╮
│  # │  column0   │ column1 │  column2   │ column3 │ column4 │   column5    │       column6       │
├────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  0 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 3.5K    │ Mar 30 10:10 │ CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  │
│  1 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 11K     │ Jun 21 14:16 │ CONTRIBUTING.md     │
│  2 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 153K    │ Jun 21 14:16 │ Cargo.lock          │
│  3 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 5.7K    │ Jun 21 08:47 │ Cargo.toml          │
│  4 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 371     │ Mar 30 10:10 │ Cross.toml          │
│  5 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 1.1K    │ Apr 3 08:37  │ LICENSE             │
│  6 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 13K     │ Jun 21 14:16 │ README.md           │
│  7 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ May 24 08:06 │ assets              │
│  8 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun 21 14:16 │ benches             │
│  9 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 310     │ Mar 30 10:10 │ codecov.yml         │
│ 10 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun 1 15:30  │ crates              │
│ 11 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ May 4 07:55  │ dict                │
│ 12 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Mar 30 10:10 │ docker              │
│ 13 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 1.1K    │ Jun 12 07:03 │ rust-toolchain.toml │
│ 14 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ May 26 07:11 │ scripts             │
│ 15 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun 15 07:14 │ src                 │
│ 16 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun 21 09:48 │ target              │
│ 17 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun 21 12:30 │ tests               │
│ 18 │ -rw-r--r-- │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 16K     │ Jun 21 14:16 │ toolkit.nu          │
│ 19 │ drwxr-xr-x │ 1       │ dschroeder │ 197121  │ 0       │ Jun 1 15:30  │ wix                 │
├────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  # │  column0   │ column1 │  column2   │ column3 │ column4 │   column5    │       column6       │
╰────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────────┴─────────────────────╯
```
Then you can fancy-it-up by tweaking the other columns and renaming
columns.
```
❯ ^ls -lh | detect columns --no-headers --skip 1 --combine-columns 5..7 | update column5 {|r| $r.column5 | into datetime} | into int column1 column3 | into filesize column4 | rename perms links user inode filesize datetime name
╭────┬────────────┬───────┬────────────┬────────┬──────────┬──────────────┬─────────────────────╮
│  # │   perms    │ links │    user    │ inode  │ filesize │   datetime   │        name         │
├────┼────────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼──────────┼──────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  0 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │   3.5 KB │ 2 months ago │ CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  │
│  1 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │  11.0 KB │ 2 days ago   │ CONTRIBUTING.md     │
│  2 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │ 153.0 KB │ 2 days ago   │ Cargo.lock          │
│  3 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │   5.7 KB │ 2 days ago   │ Cargo.toml          │
│  4 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │    371 B │ 2 months ago │ Cross.toml          │
│  5 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │   1.1 KB │ 2 months ago │ LICENSE             │
│  6 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │  13.0 KB │ 2 days ago   │ README.md           │
│  7 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ a month ago  │ assets              │
│  8 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 2 days ago   │ benches             │
│  9 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │    310 B │ 2 months ago │ codecov.yml         │
│ 10 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 3 weeks ago  │ crates              │
│ 11 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 2 months ago │ dict                │
│ 12 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 2 months ago │ docker              │
│ 13 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │   1.1 KB │ 2 weeks ago  │ rust-toolchain.toml │
│ 14 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 4 weeks ago  │ scripts             │
│ 15 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ a week ago   │ src                 │
│ 16 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 2 days ago   │ target              │
│ 17 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 2 days ago   │ tests               │
│ 18 │ -rw-r--r-- │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │  16.0 KB │ 2 days ago   │ toolkit.nu          │
│ 19 │ drwxr-xr-x │     1 │ dschroeder │ 197121 │      0 B │ 3 weeks ago  │ wix                 │
├────┼────────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼──────────┼──────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│  # │   perms    │ links │    user    │ inode  │ filesize │   datetime   │        name         │
╰────┴────────────┴───────┴────────────┴────────┴──────────┴──────────────┴─────────────────────╯
```
# User-Facing Changes
<!-- List of all changes that impact the user experience here. This
helps us keep track of breaking changes. -->

# Tests + Formatting
<!--
Don't forget to add tests that cover your changes.

Make sure you've run and fixed any issues with these commands:

- `cargo fmt --all -- --check` to check standard code formatting (`cargo
fmt --all` applies these changes)
- `cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used -A
clippy::needless_collect -A clippy::result_large_err` to check that
you're using the standard code style
- `cargo test --workspace` to check that all tests pass
- `cargo run -- crates/nu-std/tests/run.nu` to run the tests for the
standard library

> **Note**
> from `nushell` you can also use the `toolkit` as follows
> ```bash
> use toolkit.nu # or use an `env_change` hook to activate it
automatically
> toolkit check pr
> ```
-->

# After Submitting
<!-- If your PR had any user-facing changes, update [the
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2023-06-23 16:19:08 -05:00
.cargo reset stack size to 10mb vs 2gb (#7103) 2022-11-11 15:22:26 -06:00
.githooks Add git hooks for formatting and running clippy (#8820) 2023-04-13 07:34:23 -05:00
.github Prevent rustflags build config from being ignored in ci workflows (#9513) 2023-06-23 14:53:45 -05:00
assets REFACTOR: clean the root of the repo (#9231) 2023-05-20 07:57:51 -05:00
benches Removes some permutations of benchmarks for plugin encoding/decoding. (#9465) 2023-06-18 07:15:16 +08:00
crates add the ability to combine columns with detect columns (#9511) 2023-06-23 16:19:08 -05:00
docker Add cross-rs config (#7559) 2022-12-22 08:52:07 -06:00
scripts add a new toolkit install command with --features support (#9288) 2023-05-26 11:22:34 +02:00
src cratification: move the bytes command to nu-cmd-extra (#9509) 2023-06-23 12:23:08 -07:00
tests split $nu variable into scope commands and simpler $nu (#9487) 2023-06-21 09:33:01 +12:00
wix Revert install context of windows terminal profile to per-system (#9514) 2023-06-23 14:53:59 -05:00
.gitattributes Add Nushell Language detect for linguist (#9491) 2023-06-21 15:30:10 +08:00
.gitignore Add custom datetime format through strftime strings (#9500) 2023-06-23 15:05:04 -05:00
.typos.toml Update .typos.toml add ratatui 2023-06-09 07:59:52 -05:00
Cargo.lock cratification: move the bytes command to nu-cmd-extra (#9509) 2023-06-23 12:23:08 -07:00
Cargo.toml cratification: move the bytes command to nu-cmd-extra (#9509) 2023-06-23 12:23:08 -07:00
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md First pass at updating all documentation formatting and cleaning up output of examples (#2031) 2020-06-24 06:21:47 +12:00
codecov.yml Disable Windows coverage tracking for now (#8190) 2023-02-24 13:05:05 +01:00
CONTRIBUTING.md Update Contributing.md stating we can not accept PRs that are GPL (#9483) 2023-06-19 11:03:38 -07:00
Cross.toml Add cross-rs config (#7559) 2022-12-22 08:52:07 -06:00
LICENSE Update LICENSE 2023-04-03 08:23:19 +12:00
README.md Remove "Progress" section from README (#9471) 2023-06-19 18:50:40 +12:00
rust-toolchain.toml bump rust toolchain to 1.68.2 (#9346) 2023-06-02 17:30:15 -05:00
toolkit.nu toolkit: use --features instead of --dataframe and refactor a bit (#9425) 2023-06-18 16:16:05 +02:00

Nushell

Crates.io Build Status Nightly Build Discord The Changelog #363 @nu_shell GitHub commit activity GitHub contributors codecov

A new type of shell.

Example of nushell

Table of Contents

Status

This project has reached a minimum-viable-product level of quality. Many people use it as their daily driver, but it may be unstable for some commands. Nu's design is subject to change as it matures.

Learning About Nu

The Nushell book is the primary source of Nushell documentation. You can find a full list of Nu commands in the book, and we have many examples of using Nu in our cookbook.

We're also active on Discord and Twitter; come and chat with us!

Installation

To quickly install Nu:

# Linux and macOS
brew install nushell
# Windows
winget install nushell

To use Nu in GitHub Action, check setup-nu for more detail.

Detailed installation instructions can be found in the installation chapter of the book. Nu is available via many package managers:

Packaging status

Configuration

The default configurations can be found at sample_config which are the configuration files one gets when they startup Nushell for the first time.

It sets all of the default configuration to run Nushell. From here one can then customize this file for their specific needs.

To see where config.nu is located on your system simply type this command.

$nu.config-path

Please see our book for all of the Nushell documentation.

Philosophy

Nu draws inspiration from projects like PowerShell, functional programming languages, and modern CLI tools. Rather than thinking of files and data as raw streams of text, Nu looks at each input as something with structure. For example, when you list the contents of a directory what you get back is a table of rows, where each row represents an item in that directory. These values can be piped through a series of steps, in a series of commands called a 'pipeline'.

Pipelines

In Unix, it's common to pipe between commands to split up a sophisticated command over multiple steps. Nu takes this a step further and builds heavily on the idea of pipelines. As in the Unix philosophy, Nu allows commands to output to stdout and read from stdin. Additionally, commands can output structured data (you can think of this as a third kind of stream). Commands that work in the pipeline fit into one of three categories:

  • Commands that produce a stream (e.g., ls)
  • Commands that filter a stream (e.g., where type == "dir")
  • Commands that consume the output of the pipeline (e.g., table)

Commands are separated by the pipe symbol (|) to denote a pipeline flowing left to right.

> ls | where type == "dir" | table
╭────┬──────────┬──────┬─────────┬───────────────╮
│ #  │   name   │ type │  size   │   modified    │
├────┼──────────┼──────┼─────────┼───────────────┤
│  0 │ .cargo   │ dir  │     0 B │ 9 minutes ago │
│  1 │ assets   │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  2 │ crates   │ dir  │ 4.0 KiB │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  3 │ docker   │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  4 │ docs     │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  5 │ images   │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  6 │ pkg_mgrs │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  7 │ samples  │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  8 │ src      │ dir  │ 4.0 KiB │ 2 weeks ago   │
│  9 │ target   │ dir  │     0 B │ a day ago     │
│ 10 │ tests    │ dir  │ 4.0 KiB │ 2 weeks ago   │
│ 11 │ wix      │ dir  │     0 B │ 2 weeks ago   │
╰────┴──────────┴──────┴─────────┴───────────────╯

Because most of the time you'll want to see the output of a pipeline, table is assumed. We could have also written the above:

> ls | where type == "dir"

Being able to use the same commands and compose them differently is an important philosophy in Nu. For example, we could use the built-in ps command to get a list of the running processes, using the same where as above.

> ps | where cpu > 0
╭───┬───────┬───────────┬───────┬───────────┬───────────╮
│ # │  pid  │   name    │  cpu  │    mem    │  virtual  │
├───┼───────┼───────────┼───────┼───────────┼───────────┤
│ 02240 │ Slack.exe │ 16.40 │ 178.3 MiB │ 232.6 MiB │
│ 116948 │ Slack.exe │ 16.32 │ 205.0 MiB │ 197.9 MiB │
│ 217700 │ nu.exe    │  3.77 │  26.1 MiB │   8.8 MiB │
╰───┴───────┴───────────┴───────┴───────────┴───────────╯

Opening files

Nu can load file and URL contents as raw text or structured data (if it recognizes the format). For example, you can load a .toml file as structured data and explore it:

> open Cargo.toml
╭──────────────────┬────────────────────╮
│ bin              │ [table 1 row]      │
│ dependencies     │ {record 25 fields} │
│ dev-dependencies │ {record 8 fields}  │
│ features         │ {record 10 fields} │
│ package          │ {record 13 fields} │
│ patch            │ {record 1 field}   │
│ profile          │ {record 3 fields}  │
│ target           │ {record 3 fields}  │
│ workspace        │ {record 1 field}   │
╰──────────────────┴────────────────────╯

We can pipe this into a command that gets the contents of one of the columns:

> open Cargo.toml | get package
╭───────────────┬────────────────────────────────────╮
│ authors       │ [list 1 item]                      │
│ default-run   │ nu                                 │
│ description   │ A new type of shell                │
│ documentation │ https://www.nushell.sh/book/       │
│ edition       │ 2018                               │
│ exclude       │ [list 1 item]                      │
│ homepage      │ https://www.nushell.sh             │
│ license       │ MIT                                │
│ metadata      │ {record 1 field}                   │
│ name          │ nu                                 │
│ repository    │ https://github.com/nushell/nushell │
│ rust-version  │ 1.60                               │
│ version       │ 0.72.0                             │
╰───────────────┴────────────────────────────────────╯

And if needed we can drill down further:

> open Cargo.toml | get package.version
0.72.0

Plugins

Nu supports plugins that offer additional functionality to the shell and follow the same structured data model that built-in commands use. There are a few examples in the crates/nu_plugins_* directories.

Plugins are binaries that are available in your path and follow a nu_plugin_* naming convention. These binaries interact with nu via a simple JSON-RPC protocol where the command identifies itself and passes along its configuration, making it available for use. If the plugin is a filter, data streams to it one element at a time, and it can stream data back in return via stdin/stdout. If the plugin is a sink, it is given the full vector of final data and is given free reign over stdin/stdout to use as it pleases.

The awesome-nu repo lists a variety of nu-plugins while the showcase repo shows off informative blog posts that have been written about Nushell along with videos that highlight technical topics that have been presented.

Goals

Nu adheres closely to a set of goals that make up its design philosophy. As features are added, they are checked against these goals.

  • First and foremost, Nu is cross-platform. Commands and techniques should work across platforms and Nu has first-class support for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

  • Nu ensures compatibility with existing platform-specific executables.

  • Nu's workflow and tools should have the usability expected of modern software in 2022 (and beyond).

  • Nu views data as either structured or unstructured. It is a structured shell like PowerShell.

  • Finally, Nu views data functionally. Rather than using mutation, pipelines act as a means to load, change, and save data without mutable state.

Officially Supported By

Please submit an issue or PR to be added to this list.

Contributing

See Contributing for details. Thanks to all the people who already contributed!

License

The project is made available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more information.