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title | description | slug | url |
---|---|---|---|
rclone serve docker | Serve any remote on docker's volume plugin API. | rclone_serve_docker | /commands/rclone_serve_docker/ |
rclone serve docker
Serve any remote on docker's volume plugin API.
Synopsis
This command implements the Docker volume plugin API allowing docker to use rclone as a data storage mechanism for various cloud providers. rclone provides docker volume plugin based on it.
To create a docker plugin, one must create a Unix or TCP socket that Docker will look for when you use the plugin and then it listens for commands from docker daemon and runs the corresponding code when necessary. Docker plugins can run as a managed plugin under control of the docker daemon or as an independent native service. For testing, you can just run it directly from the command line, for example:
sudo rclone serve docker --base-dir /tmp/rclone-volumes --socket-addr localhost:8787 -vv
Running rclone serve docker
will create the said socket, listening for
commands from Docker to create the necessary Volumes. Normally you need not
give the --socket-addr
flag. The API will listen on the unix domain socket
at /run/docker/plugins/rclone.sock
. In the example above rclone will create
a TCP socket and a small file /etc/docker/plugins/rclone.spec
containing
the socket address. We use sudo
because both paths are writeable only by
the root user.
If you later decide to change listening socket, the docker daemon must be
restarted to reconnect to /run/docker/plugins/rclone.sock
or parse new /etc/docker/plugins/rclone.spec
. Until you restart, any
volume related docker commands will timeout trying to access the old socket.
Running directly is supported on Linux only, not on Windows or MacOS.
This is not a problem with managed plugin mode described in details
in the full documentation.
The command will create volume mounts under the path given by --base-dir
(by default /var/lib/docker-volumes/rclone
available only to root)
and maintain the JSON formatted file docker-plugin.state
in the rclone cache
directory with book-keeping records of created and mounted volumes.
All mount and VFS options are submitted by the docker daemon via API, but you can also provide defaults on the command line as well as set path to the config file and cache directory or adjust logging verbosity.
VFS - Virtual File System
This command uses the VFS layer. This adapts the cloud storage objects that rclone uses into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.
Cloud storage objects have lots of properties which aren't like disk files - you can't extend them or write to the middle of them, so the VFS layer has to deal with that. Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.
The VFS layer also implements a directory cache - this caches info about files and directories (but not the data) in memory.
VFS Directory Cache
Using the --dir-cache-time
flag, you can control how long a
directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the
backend. Changes made through the mount will appear immediately or
invalidate the cache.
--dir-cache-time duration Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
--poll-interval duration Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
However, changes made directly on the cloud storage by the web interface or a different copy of rclone will only be picked up once the directory cache expires if the backend configured does not support polling for changes. If the backend supports polling, changes will be picked up within the polling interval.
You can send a SIGHUP
signal to rclone for it to flush all
directory caches, regardless of how old they are. Assuming only one
rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache like this:
kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)
If you configure rclone with a remote control then you can use rclone rc to flush the whole directory cache:
rclone rc vfs/forget
Or individual files or directories:
rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir
VFS File Buffering
The --buffer-size
flag determines the amount of memory,
that will be used to buffer data in advance.
Each open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times. The buffered data is bound to one open file and won't be shared.
This flag is a upper limit for the used memory per open file. The buffer will only use memory for data that is downloaded but not not yet read. If the buffer is empty, only a small amount of memory will be used.
The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to
--buffer-size * open files
.
VFS File Caching
These flags control the VFS file caching options. File caching is necessary to make the VFS layer appear compatible with a normal file system. It can be disabled at the cost of some compatibility.
For example you'll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously to a file. See below for more details.
Note that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you need one or the other or both.
--cache-dir string Directory rclone will use for caching.
--vfs-cache-mode CacheMode Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
--vfs-write-back duration Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
If run with -vv
rclone will print the location of the file cache. The
files are stored in the user cache file area which is OS dependent but
can be controlled with --cache-dir
or setting the appropriate
environment variable.
The cache has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode
.
The higher the cache mode the more compatible rclone becomes at the
cost of using disk space.
Note that files are written back to the remote only when they are closed and if they haven't been accessed for --vfs-write-back second. If rclone is quit or dies with files that haven't been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with the same flags.
If using --vfs-cache-max-size
note that the cache may exceed this size
for two reasons. Firstly because it is only checked every
--vfs-cache-poll-interval
. Secondly because open files cannot be
evicted from the cache.
You should not run two copies of rclone using the same VFS cache
with the same or overlapping remotes if using --vfs-cache-mode > off
.
This can potentially cause data corruption if you do. You can work
around this by giving each rclone its own cache hierarchy with
--cache-dir
. You don't need to worry about this if the remotes in
use don't overlap.
--vfs-cache-mode off
In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly to the remote without caching anything on disk.
This will mean some operations are not possible
- Files can't be opened for both read AND write
- Files opened for write can't be seeked
- Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
- Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only
- Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied
- Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored
- If an upload fails it can't be retried
--vfs-cache-mode minimal
This is very similar to "off" except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered to disk. This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses the minimal disk space.
These operations are not possible
- Files opened for write only can't be seeked
- Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set
- Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC
- If an upload fails it can't be retried
--vfs-cache-mode writes
In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly from the remote, write only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.
This mode should support all normal file system operations.
If an upload fails it will be retried at exponentially increasing intervals up to 1 minute.
--vfs-cache-mode full
In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk. When data is read from the remote this is buffered to disk as well.
In this mode the files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone will keep track of which bits of the files it has downloaded.
So if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer the start of the file. These files will appear to be their full size in the cache, but they will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.
This mode should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise identical to --vfs-cache-mode writes.
When reading a file rclone will read --buffer-size plus --vfs-read-ahead bytes ahead. The --buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the --vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.
When using this mode it is recommended that --buffer-size is not set too big and --vfs-read-ahead is set large if required.
IMPORTANT not all file systems support sparse files. In particular FAT/exFAT do not. Rclone will perform very badly if the cache directory is on a filesystem which doesn't support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.
VFS Performance
These flags may be used to enable/disable features of the VFS for performance or other reasons.
In particular S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the --no-modtime flag (or use --use-server-modtime for a slightly different effect) as each read of the modification time takes a transaction.
--no-checksum Don't compare checksums on up/download.
--no-modtime Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
--no-seek Don't allow seeking in files.
--read-only Mount read-only.
When rclone reads files from a remote it reads them in chunks. This means that rather than requesting the whole file rclone reads the chunk specified. This is advantageous because some cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not all the data delivered.
Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at --vfs-read-chunk-size with a maximum of --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to "off" in which case there will be no limit.
--vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
--vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix Max chunk doubling size (default "off")
Sometimes rclone is delivered reads or writes out of order. Rather than seeking rclone will wait a short time for the in sequence read or write to come in. These flags only come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.
--vfs-read-wait duration Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
--vfs-write-wait duration Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)
When using VFS write caching (--vfs-cache-mode with value writes or full), the global flag --transfers can be set to adjust the number of parallel uploads of modified files from cache (the related global flag --checkers have no effect on mount).
--transfers int Number of file transfers to run in parallel. (default 4)
VFS Case Sensitivity
Linux file systems are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case, and the exact case must be used when opening a file.
File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing files can be opened using any case, the exact case used to create the file is preserved and available for programs to query. It is not allowed for two files in the same directory to differ only by case.
Usually file systems on macOS are case-insensitive. It is possible to make macOS file systems case-sensitive but that is not the default
The --vfs-case-insensitive
mount flag controls how rclone handles these
two cases. If its value is "false", rclone passes file names to the mounted
file system as-is. If the flag is "true" (or appears without a value on
command line), rclone may perform a "fixup" as explained below.
The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what is stored on mounted file system. If an argument refers to an existing file with exactly the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used. However, if a file name with exactly the same name is not found but a name differing only by case exists, rclone will transparently fixup the name. This fixup happens only when an existing file is requested. Case sensitivity of file names created anew by rclone is controlled by an underlying mounted file system.
Note that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may differ from case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source). The flag controls whether "fixup" is performed to satisfy the target.
If the flag is not provided on the command line, then its default value depends on the operating system where rclone runs: "true" on Windows and macOS, "false" otherwise. If the flag is provided without a value, then it is "true".
Alternate report of used bytes
Some backends, most notably S3, do not report the amount of bytes used.
If you need this information to be available when running df
on the
filesystem, then pass the flag --vfs-used-is-size
to rclone.
With this flag set, instead of relying on the backend to report this
information, rclone will scan the whole remote similar to rclone size
and compute the total used space itself.
WARNING. Contrary to rclone size
, this flag ignores filters so that the
result is accurate. However, this is very inefficient and may cost lots of API
calls resulting in extra charges. Use it as a last resort and only with caching.
rclone serve docker [flags]
Options
--allow-non-empty Allow mounting over a non-empty directory. Not supported on Windows.
--allow-other Allow access to other users. Not supported on Windows.
--allow-root Allow access to root user. Not supported on Windows.
--async-read Use asynchronous reads. Not supported on Windows. (default true)
--attr-timeout duration Time for which file/directory attributes are cached. (default 1s)
--base-dir string base directory for volumes (default "/var/lib/docker-volumes/rclone")
--daemon Run mount as a daemon (background mode). Not supported on Windows.
--daemon-timeout duration Time limit for rclone to respond to kernel. Not supported on Windows.
--debug-fuse Debug the FUSE internals - needs -v.
--default-permissions Makes kernel enforce access control based on the file mode. Not supported on Windows.
--dir-cache-time duration Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
--dir-perms FileMode Directory permissions (default 0777)
--file-perms FileMode File permissions (default 0666)
--forget-state skip restoring previous state
--fuse-flag stringArray Flags or arguments to be passed direct to libfuse/WinFsp. Repeat if required.
--gid uint32 Override the gid field set by the filesystem. Not supported on Windows. (default 1000)
-h, --help help for docker
--max-read-ahead SizeSuffix The number of bytes that can be prefetched for sequential reads. Not supported on Windows. (default 128Ki)
--network-mode Mount as remote network drive, instead of fixed disk drive. Supported on Windows only
--no-checksum Don't compare checksums on up/download.
--no-modtime Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
--no-seek Don't allow seeking in files.
--no-spec do not write spec file
--noappledouble Ignore Apple Double (._) and .DS_Store files. Supported on OSX only. (default true)
--noapplexattr Ignore all "com.apple.*" extended attributes. Supported on OSX only.
-o, --option stringArray Option for libfuse/WinFsp. Repeat if required.
--poll-interval duration Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
--read-only Mount read-only.
--socket-addr string <host:port> or absolute path (default: /run/docker/plugins/rclone.sock)
--socket-gid int GID for unix socket (default: current process GID) (default 1000)
--uid uint32 Override the uid field set by the filesystem. Not supported on Windows. (default 1000)
--umask int Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. Not supported on Windows. (default 2)
--vfs-cache-max-age duration Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
--vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
--vfs-cache-mode CacheMode Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
--vfs-cache-poll-interval duration Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
--vfs-case-insensitive If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
--vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
--vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128Mi)
--vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
--vfs-read-wait duration Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
--vfs-used-is-size rclone size Use the rclone size algorithm for Used size.
--vfs-write-back duration Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
--vfs-write-wait duration Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)
--volname string Set the volume name. Supported on Windows and OSX only.
--write-back-cache Makes kernel buffer writes before sending them to rclone. Without this, writethrough caching is used. Not supported on Windows.
See the global flags page for global options not listed here.
SEE ALSO
- rclone serve - Serve a remote over a protocol.