s3 : update doc for Glacier storage class : related to #923
49 KiB
title | description | date |
---|---|---|
Amazon S3 | Rclone docs for Amazon S3 | 2016-07-11 |
Amazon S3 Storage Providers
The S3 backend can be used with a number of different providers:
- {{< provider name="AWS S3" home="https://aws.amazon.com/s3/" config="/s3/#amazon-s3" >}}
- {{< provider name="Ceph" home="http://ceph.com/" config="/s3/#ceph" >}}
- {{< provider name="DigitalOcean Spaces" home="https://www.digitalocean.com/products/object-storage/" config="/s3/#digitalocean-spaces" >}}
- {{< provider name="Dreamhost" home="https://www.dreamhost.com/cloud/storage/" config="/s3/#dreamhost" >}}
- {{< provider name="IBM COS S3" home="http://www.ibm.com/cloud/object-storage" config="/s3/#ibm-cos-s3" >}}
- {{< provider name="Minio" home="https://www.minio.io/" config="/s3/#minio" >}}
- {{< provider name="Wasabi" home="https://wasabi.com/" config="/s3/#wasabi" >}}
Paths are specified as remote:bucket
(or remote:
for the lsd
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir
.
Once you have made a remote (see the provider specific section above) you can use it like this:
See all buckets
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new bucket
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
List the contents of a bucket
rclone ls remote:bucket
Sync /home/local/directory
to the remote bucket, deleting any excess
files in the bucket.
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
AWS S3
Here is an example of making an s3 configuration. First run
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
n/s/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Alias for a existing remote
\ "alias"
2 / Amazon Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
3 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)
\ "s3"
4 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
[snip]
23 / http Connection
\ "http"
Storage> s3
Choose your S3 provider.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3
\ "AWS"
2 / Ceph Object Storage
\ "Ceph"
3 / Digital Ocean Spaces
\ "DigitalOcean"
4 / Dreamhost DreamObjects
\ "Dreamhost"
5 / IBM COS S3
\ "IBMCOS"
6 / Minio Object Storage
\ "Minio"
7 / Wasabi Object Storage
\ "Wasabi"
8 / Any other S3 compatible provider
\ "Other"
provider> 1
Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
\ "false"
2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
\ "true"
env_auth> 1
AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
access_key_id> XXX
AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
secret_access_key> YYY
Region to connect to.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
/ The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
| Leave location constraint empty.
\ "us-east-1"
/ US East (Ohio) Region
2 | Needs location constraint us-east-2.
\ "us-east-2"
/ US West (Oregon) Region
3 | Needs location constraint us-west-2.
\ "us-west-2"
/ US West (Northern California) Region
4 | Needs location constraint us-west-1.
\ "us-west-1"
/ Canada (Central) Region
5 | Needs location constraint ca-central-1.
\ "ca-central-1"
/ EU (Ireland) Region
6 | Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1.
\ "eu-west-1"
/ EU (London) Region
7 | Needs location constraint eu-west-2.
\ "eu-west-2"
/ EU (Frankfurt) Region
8 | Needs location constraint eu-central-1.
\ "eu-central-1"
/ Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region
9 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1.
\ "ap-southeast-1"
/ Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region
10 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2.
\ "ap-southeast-2"
/ Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region
11 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1.
\ "ap-northeast-1"
/ Asia Pacific (Seoul)
12 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-2.
\ "ap-northeast-2"
/ Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
13 | Needs location constraint ap-south-1.
\ "ap-south-1"
/ South America (Sao Paulo) Region
14 | Needs location constraint sa-east-1.
\ "sa-east-1"
region> 1
Endpoint for S3 API.
Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
endpoint>
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
\ ""
2 / US East (Ohio) Region.
\ "us-east-2"
3 / US West (Oregon) Region.
\ "us-west-2"
4 / US West (Northern California) Region.
\ "us-west-1"
5 / Canada (Central) Region.
\ "ca-central-1"
6 / EU (Ireland) Region.
\ "eu-west-1"
7 / EU (London) Region.
\ "eu-west-2"
8 / EU Region.
\ "EU"
9 / Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region.
\ "ap-southeast-1"
10 / Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region.
\ "ap-southeast-2"
11 / Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region.
\ "ap-northeast-1"
12 / Asia Pacific (Seoul)
\ "ap-northeast-2"
13 / Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
\ "ap-south-1"
14 / South America (Sao Paulo) Region.
\ "sa-east-1"
location_constraint> 1
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
\ "private"
2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access.
\ "public-read"
/ Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.
3 | Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended.
\ "public-read-write"
4 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access.
\ "authenticated-read"
/ Object owner gets FULL_CONTROL. Bucket owner gets READ access.
5 | If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.
\ "bucket-owner-read"
/ Both the object owner and the bucket owner get FULL_CONTROL over the object.
6 | If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.
\ "bucket-owner-full-control"
acl> 1
The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / None
\ ""
2 / AES256
\ "AES256"
server_side_encryption> 1
The storage class to use when storing objects in S3.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Default
\ ""
2 / Standard storage class
\ "STANDARD"
3 / Reduced redundancy storage class
\ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
4 / Standard Infrequent Access storage class
\ "STANDARD_IA"
5 / One Zone Infrequent Access storage class
\ "ONEZONE_IA"
6 / Glacier storage class
\ "GLACIER"
storage_class> 1
Remote config
--------------------
[remote]
type = s3
provider = AWS
env_auth = false
access_key_id = XXX
secret_access_key = YYY
region = us-east-1
endpoint =
location_constraint =
acl = private
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d>
--fast-list
This remote supports --fast-list
which allows you to use fewer
transactions in exchange for more memory. See the rclone
docs for more details.
--update and --use-server-modtime
As noted below, the modified time is stored on metadata on the object. It is used by default for all operations that require checking the time a file was last updated. It allows rclone to treat the remote more like a true filesystem, but it is inefficient because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the metadata.
For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote is
sufficient to determine if it is "dirty". By using --update
along with
--use-server-modtime
, you can avoid the extra API call and simply upload
files whose local modtime is newer than the time it was last uploaded.
Modified time
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
X-Amz-Meta-Mtime
as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.
Multipart uploads
rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload files bigger than 5GB.
Note that files uploaded both with multipart upload and through crypt remotes do not have MD5 sums.
Rclone switches from single part uploads to multipart uploads at the
point specified by --s3-upload-cutoff
. This can be a maximum of 5GB
and a minimum of 0 (ie always upload mulipart files).
The chunk sizes used in the multipart upload are specified by
--s3-chunk-size
and the number of chunks uploaded concurrently is
specified by --s3-upload-concurrency
.
Multipart uploads will use --transfers
* --s3-upload-concurrency
*
--s3-chunk-size
extra memory. Single part uploads to not use extra
memory.
Single part transfers can be faster than multipart transfers or slower depending on your latency from S3 - the more latency, the more likely single part transfers will be faster.
Increasing --s3-upload-concurrency
will increase throughput (8 would
be a sensible value) and increasing --s3-chunk-size
also increases
througput (16M would be sensible). Increasing either of these will
use more memory. The default values are high enough to gain most of
the possible performance without using too much memory.
Buckets and Regions
With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (rclone lsd
) using any region,
but you can only access the content of a bucket from the region it was
created in. If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong region,
you will get an error, incorrect region, the bucket is not in 'XXX' region
.
Authentication
There are a number of ways to supply rclone
with a set of AWS
credentials, with and without using the environment.
The different authentication methods are tried in this order:
- Directly in the rclone configuration file (
env_auth = false
in the config file):access_key_id
andsecret_access_key
are required.session_token
can be optionally set when using AWS STS.
- Runtime configuration (
env_auth = true
in the config file):- Export the following environment variables before running
rclone
:- Access Key ID:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
orAWS_ACCESS_KEY
- Secret Access Key:
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
orAWS_SECRET_KEY
- Session Token:
AWS_SESSION_TOKEN
(optional)
- Access Key ID:
- Or, use a named profile:
- Profile files are standard files used by AWS CLI tools
- By default it will use the profile in your home directory (eg
~/.aws/credentials
on unix based systems) file and the "default" profile, to change set these environment variables:AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE
to control which file.AWS_PROFILE
to control which profile to use.
- Or, run
rclone
in an ECS task with an IAM role (AWS only). - Or, run
rclone
on an EC2 instance with an IAM role (AWS only).
- Export the following environment variables before running
If none of these option actually end up providing rclone
with AWS
credentials then S3 interaction will be non-authenticated (see below).
S3 Permissions
When using the sync
subcommand of rclone
the following minimum
permissions are required to be available on the bucket being written to:
ListBucket
DeleteObject
GetObject
PutObject
PutObjectACL
Example policy:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {
"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::USER_SID:user/USER_NAME"
},
"Action": [
"s3:ListBucket",
"s3:DeleteObject",
"s3:GetObject",
"s3:PutObject",
"s3:PutObjectAcl"
],
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME/*",
"arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME"
]
}
]
}
Notes on above:
- This is a policy that can be used when creating bucket. It assumes
that
USER_NAME
has been created. - The Resource entry must include both resource ARNs, as one implies the bucket and the other implies the bucket's objects.
For reference, here's an Ansible script
that will generate one or more buckets that will work with rclone sync
.
Key Management System (KMS)
If you are using server side encryption with KMS then you will find
you can't transfer small objects. As a work-around you can use the
--ignore-checksum
flag.
A proper fix is being worked on in issue #1824.
Glacier
You can upload objects using the glacier storage class or transition them to glacier using a lifecycle policy. The bucket can still be synced or copied into normally, but if rclone tries to access data from the glacier storage class you will see an error like below.
2017/09/11 19:07:43 Failed to sync: failed to open source object: Object in GLACIER, restore first: path/to/file
In this case you need to restore the object(s) in question before using rclone.
Standard Options
Here are the standard options specific to s3 (Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)).
--s3-provider
Choose your S3 provider.
- Config: provider
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_PROVIDER
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- "AWS"
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3
- "Ceph"
- Ceph Object Storage
- "DigitalOcean"
- Digital Ocean Spaces
- "Dreamhost"
- Dreamhost DreamObjects
- "IBMCOS"
- IBM COS S3
- "Minio"
- Minio Object Storage
- "Wasabi"
- Wasabi Object Storage
- "Other"
- Any other S3 compatible provider
- "AWS"
--s3-env-auth
Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
- Config: env_auth
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENV_AUTH
- Type: bool
- Default: false
- Examples:
- "false"
- Enter AWS credentials in the next step
- "true"
- Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
- "false"
--s3-access-key-id
AWS Access Key ID. Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
- Config: access_key_id
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID
- Type: string
- Default: ""
--s3-secret-access-key
AWS Secret Access Key (password) Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
- Config: secret_access_key
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
- Type: string
- Default: ""
--s3-region
Region to connect to.
- Config: region
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- "us-east-1"
- The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
- US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
- Leave location constraint empty.
- "us-east-2"
- US East (Ohio) Region
- Needs location constraint us-east-2.
- "us-west-2"
- US West (Oregon) Region
- Needs location constraint us-west-2.
- "us-west-1"
- US West (Northern California) Region
- Needs location constraint us-west-1.
- "ca-central-1"
- Canada (Central) Region
- Needs location constraint ca-central-1.
- "eu-west-1"
- EU (Ireland) Region
- Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1.
- "eu-west-2"
- EU (London) Region
- Needs location constraint eu-west-2.
- "eu-central-1"
- EU (Frankfurt) Region
- Needs location constraint eu-central-1.
- "ap-southeast-1"
- Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region
- Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1.
- "ap-southeast-2"
- Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region
- Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2.
- "ap-northeast-1"
- Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region
- Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1.
- "ap-northeast-2"
- Asia Pacific (Seoul)
- Needs location constraint ap-northeast-2.
- "ap-south-1"
- Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
- Needs location constraint ap-south-1.
- "sa-east-1"
- South America (Sao Paulo) Region
- Needs location constraint sa-east-1.
- "us-east-1"
--s3-region
Region to connect to. Leave blank if you are using an S3 clone and you don't have a region.
- Config: region
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- ""
- Use this if unsure. Will use v4 signatures and an empty region.
- "other-v2-signature"
- Use this only if v4 signatures don't work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH.
- ""
--s3-endpoint
Endpoint for S3 API. Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
- Config: endpoint
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT
- Type: string
- Default: ""
--s3-endpoint
Endpoint for IBM COS S3 API. Specify if using an IBM COS On Premise.
- Config: endpoint
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- US Cross Region Endpoint
- "s3-api.dal.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- US Cross Region Dallas Endpoint
- "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- US Cross Region Washington DC Endpoint
- "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- US Cross Region San Jose Endpoint
- "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- US Cross Region Private Endpoint
- "s3-api.dal-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- US Cross Region Dallas Private Endpoint
- "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- US Cross Region Washington DC Private Endpoint
- "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- US Cross Region San Jose Private Endpoint
- "s3.us-east.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- US Region East Endpoint
- "s3.us-east.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- US Region East Private Endpoint
- "s3.us-south.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- US Region South Endpoint
- "s3.us-south.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- US Region South Private Endpoint
- "s3.eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- EU Cross Region Endpoint
- "s3.fra-eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- EU Cross Region Frankfurt Endpoint
- "s3.mil-eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- EU Cross Region Milan Endpoint
- "s3.ams-eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- EU Cross Region Amsterdam Endpoint
- "s3.eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- EU Cross Region Private Endpoint
- "s3.fra-eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- EU Cross Region Frankfurt Private Endpoint
- "s3.mil-eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- EU Cross Region Milan Private Endpoint
- "s3.ams-eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- EU Cross Region Amsterdam Private Endpoint
- "s3.eu-gb.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- Great Britan Endpoint
- "s3.eu-gb.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- Great Britan Private Endpoint
- "s3.ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- APAC Cross Regional Endpoint
- "s3.tok-ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- APAC Cross Regional Tokyo Endpoint
- "s3.hkg-ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- APAC Cross Regional HongKong Endpoint
- "s3.seo-ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- APAC Cross Regional Seoul Endpoint
- "s3.ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- APAC Cross Regional Private Endpoint
- "s3.tok-ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- APAC Cross Regional Tokyo Private Endpoint
- "s3.hkg-ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- APAC Cross Regional HongKong Private Endpoint
- "s3.seo-ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- APAC Cross Regional Seoul Private Endpoint
- "s3.mel01.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- Melbourne Single Site Endpoint
- "s3.mel01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- Melbourne Single Site Private Endpoint
- "s3.tor01.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
- Toronto Single Site Endpoint
- "s3.tor01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
- Toronto Single Site Private Endpoint
- "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
--s3-endpoint
Endpoint for S3 API. Required when using an S3 clone.
- Config: endpoint
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- "objects-us-west-1.dream.io"
- Dream Objects endpoint
- "nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com"
- Digital Ocean Spaces New York 3
- "ams3.digitaloceanspaces.com"
- Digital Ocean Spaces Amsterdam 3
- "sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com"
- Digital Ocean Spaces Singapore 1
- "s3.wasabisys.com"
- Wasabi US East endpoint
- "s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com"
- Wasabi US West endpoint
- "objects-us-west-1.dream.io"
--s3-location-constraint
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
- Config: location_constraint
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- ""
- Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
- "us-east-2"
- US East (Ohio) Region.
- "us-west-2"
- US West (Oregon) Region.
- "us-west-1"
- US West (Northern California) Region.
- "ca-central-1"
- Canada (Central) Region.
- "eu-west-1"
- EU (Ireland) Region.
- "eu-west-2"
- EU (London) Region.
- "EU"
- EU Region.
- "ap-southeast-1"
- Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region.
- "ap-southeast-2"
- Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region.
- "ap-northeast-1"
- Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region.
- "ap-northeast-2"
- Asia Pacific (Seoul)
- "ap-south-1"
- Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
- "sa-east-1"
- South America (Sao Paulo) Region.
- ""
--s3-location-constraint
Location constraint - must match endpoint when using IBM Cloud Public. For on-prem COS, do not make a selection from this list, hit enter
- Config: location_constraint
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- "us-standard"
- US Cross Region Standard
- "us-vault"
- US Cross Region Vault
- "us-cold"
- US Cross Region Cold
- "us-flex"
- US Cross Region Flex
- "us-east-standard"
- US East Region Standard
- "us-east-vault"
- US East Region Vault
- "us-east-cold"
- US East Region Cold
- "us-east-flex"
- US East Region Flex
- "us-south-standard"
- US Sout hRegion Standard
- "us-south-vault"
- US South Region Vault
- "us-south-cold"
- US South Region Cold
- "us-south-flex"
- US South Region Flex
- "eu-standard"
- EU Cross Region Standard
- "eu-vault"
- EU Cross Region Vault
- "eu-cold"
- EU Cross Region Cold
- "eu-flex"
- EU Cross Region Flex
- "eu-gb-standard"
- Great Britan Standard
- "eu-gb-vault"
- Great Britan Vault
- "eu-gb-cold"
- Great Britan Cold
- "eu-gb-flex"
- Great Britan Flex
- "ap-standard"
- APAC Standard
- "ap-vault"
- APAC Vault
- "ap-cold"
- APAC Cold
- "ap-flex"
- APAC Flex
- "mel01-standard"
- Melbourne Standard
- "mel01-vault"
- Melbourne Vault
- "mel01-cold"
- Melbourne Cold
- "mel01-flex"
- Melbourne Flex
- "tor01-standard"
- Toronto Standard
- "tor01-vault"
- Toronto Vault
- "tor01-cold"
- Toronto Cold
- "tor01-flex"
- Toronto Flex
- "us-standard"
--s3-location-constraint
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Leave blank if not sure. Used when creating buckets only.
- Config: location_constraint
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT
- Type: string
- Default: ""
--s3-acl
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and storing or copying objects.
For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
Note that this ACL is applied when server side copying objects as S3 doesn't copy the ACL from the source but rather writes a fresh one.
- Config: acl
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ACL
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- "private"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
- "public-read"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access.
- "public-read-write"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.
- Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended.
- "authenticated-read"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access.
- "bucket-owner-read"
- Object owner gets FULL_CONTROL. Bucket owner gets READ access.
- If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.
- "bucket-owner-full-control"
- Both the object owner and the bucket owner get FULL_CONTROL over the object.
- If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.
- "private"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise COS
- "public-read"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise IBM COS
- "public-read-write"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), On-Premise IBM COS
- "authenticated-read"
- Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. Not supported on Buckets. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra) and On-Premise IBM COS
- "private"
--s3-server-side-encryption
The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
- Config: server_side_encryption
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- ""
- None
- "AES256"
- AES256
- "aws:kms"
- aws:kms
- ""
--s3-sse-kms-key-id
If using KMS ID you must provide the ARN of Key.
- Config: sse_kms_key_id
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_KMS_KEY_ID
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- ""
- None
- "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:*"
- arn:aws:kms:*
- ""
--s3-storage-class
The storage class to use when storing new objects in S3.
- Config: storage_class
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS
- Type: string
- Default: ""
- Examples:
- ""
- Default
- "STANDARD"
- Standard storage class
- "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
- Reduced redundancy storage class
- "STANDARD_IA"
- Standard Infrequent Access storage class
- "ONEZONE_IA"
- One Zone Infrequent Access storage class
- "GLACIER"
- GLACIER storage class
- ""
Advanced Options
Here are the advanced options specific to s3 (Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)).
--s3-upload-cutoff
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload
Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of chunk_size. The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 5GB.
- Config: upload_cutoff
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_UPLOAD_CUTOFF
- Type: SizeSuffix
- Default: 200M
--s3-chunk-size
Chunk size to use for uploading.
When uploading files larger than upload_cutoff they will be uploaded as multipart uploads using this chunk size.
Note that "--s3-upload-concurrency" chunks of this size are buffered in memory per transfer.
If you are transferring large files over high speed links and you have enough memory, then increasing this will speed up the transfers.
- Config: chunk_size
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_CHUNK_SIZE
- Type: SizeSuffix
- Default: 5M
--s3-disable-checksum
Don't store MD5 checksum with object metadata
- Config: disable_checksum
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_DISABLE_CHECKSUM
- Type: bool
- Default: false
--s3-session-token
An AWS session token
- Config: session_token
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SESSION_TOKEN
- Type: string
- Default: ""
--s3-upload-concurrency
Concurrency for multipart uploads.
This is the number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded concurrently.
If you are uploading small numbers of large file over high speed link and these uploads do not fully utilize your bandwidth, then increasing this may help to speed up the transfers.
- Config: upload_concurrency
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY
- Type: int
- Default: 4
--s3-force-path-style
If true use path style access if false use virtual hosted style.
If this is true (the default) then rclone will use path style access, if false then rclone will use virtual path style. See the AWS S3 docs for more info.
Some providers (eg Aliyun OSS or Netease COS) require this set to false.
- Config: force_path_style
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE
- Type: bool
- Default: true
--s3-v2-auth
If true use v2 authentication.
If this is false (the default) then rclone will use v4 authentication. If it is set then rclone will use v2 authentication.
Use this only if v4 signatures don't work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH.
- Config: v2_auth
- Env Var: RCLONE_S3_V2_AUTH
- Type: bool
- Default: false
Anonymous access to public buckets
If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a
blank access_key_id
and secret_access_key
. Your config should end
up looking like this:
[anons3]
type = s3
provider = AWS
env_auth = false
access_key_id =
secret_access_key =
region = us-east-1
endpoint =
location_constraint =
acl = private
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg
rclone lsd anons3:1000genomes
You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it.
Ceph
Ceph is an open source unified, distributed storage system designed for excellent performance, reliability and scalability. It has an S3 compatible object storage interface.
To use rclone with Ceph, configure as above but leave the region blank and set the endpoint. You should end up with something like this in your config:
[ceph]
type = s3
provider = Ceph
env_auth = false
access_key_id = XXX
secret_access_key = YYY
region =
endpoint = https://ceph.endpoint.example.com
location_constraint =
acl =
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
Note also that Ceph sometimes puts /
in the passwords it gives
users. If you read the secret access key using the command line tools
you will get a JSON blob with the /
escaped as \/
. Make sure you
only write /
in the secret access key.
Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys removed).
{
"user_id": "xxx",
"display_name": "xxxx",
"keys": [
{
"user": "xxx",
"access_key": "xxxxxx",
"secret_key": "xxxxxx\/xxxx"
}
],
}
Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the /
as \/
, so if you
use the secret key as xxxxxx/xxxx
it will work fine.
Dreamhost
Dreamhost DreamObjects is an object storage system based on CEPH.
To use rclone with Dreamhost, configure as above but leave the region blank and set the endpoint. You should end up with something like this in your config:
[dreamobjects]
type = s3
provider = DreamHost
env_auth = false
access_key_id = your_access_key
secret_access_key = your_secret_key
region =
endpoint = objects-us-west-1.dream.io
location_constraint =
acl = private
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
DigitalOcean Spaces
Spaces is an S3-interoperable object storage service from cloud provider DigitalOcean.
To connect to DigitalOcean Spaces you will need an access key and secret key. These can be retrieved on the "Applications & API" page of the DigitalOcean control panel. They will be needed when promted by rclone config
for your access_key_id
and secret_access_key
.
When prompted for a region
or location_constraint
, press enter to use the default value. The region must be included in the endpoint
setting (e.g. nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
). The defualt values can be used for other settings.
Going through the whole process of creating a new remote by running rclone config
, each prompt should be answered as shown below:
Storage> s3
env_auth> 1
access_key_id> YOUR_ACCESS_KEY
secret_access_key> YOUR_SECRET_KEY
region>
endpoint> nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
location_constraint>
acl>
storage_class>
The resulting configuration file should look like:
[spaces]
type = s3
provider = DigitalOcean
env_auth = false
access_key_id = YOUR_ACCESS_KEY
secret_access_key = YOUR_SECRET_KEY
region =
endpoint = nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
location_constraint =
acl =
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
Once configured, you can create a new Space and begin copying files. For example:
rclone mkdir spaces:my-new-space
rclone copy /path/to/files spaces:my-new-space
IBM COS (S3)
Information stored with IBM Cloud Object Storage is encrypted and dispersed across multiple geographic locations, and accessed through an implementation of the S3 API. This service makes use of the distributed storage technologies provided by IBM’s Cloud Object Storage System (formerly Cleversafe). For more information visit: (http://www.ibm.com/cloud/object-storage)
To configure access to IBM COS S3, follow the steps below:
- Run rclone config and select n for a new remote.
2018/02/14 14:13:11 NOTICE: Config file "C:\\Users\\a\\.config\\rclone\\rclone.conf" not found - using defaults
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
n/s/q> n
- Enter the name for the configuration
name> <YOUR NAME>
- Select "s3" storage.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Alias for a existing remote
\ "alias"
2 / Amazon Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
3 / Amazon S3 Complaint Storage Providers (Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio, IBM COS)
\ "s3"
4 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
[snip]
23 / http Connection
\ "http"
Storage> 3
- Select IBM COS as the S3 Storage Provider.
Choose the S3 provider.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Choose this option to configure Storage to AWS S3
\ "AWS"
2 / Choose this option to configure Storage to Ceph Systems
\ "Ceph"
3 / Choose this option to configure Storage to Dreamhost
\ "Dreamhost"
4 / Choose this option to the configure Storage to IBM COS S3
\ "IBMCOS"
5 / Choose this option to the configure Storage to Minio
\ "Minio"
Provider>4
- Enter the Access Key and Secret.
AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
access_key_id> <>
AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
secret_access_key> <>
- Specify the endpoint for IBM COS. For Public IBM COS, choose from the option below. For On Premise IBM COS, enter an enpoint address.
Endpoint for IBM COS S3 API.
Specify if using an IBM COS On Premise.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / US Cross Region Endpoint
\ "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
2 / US Cross Region Dallas Endpoint
\ "s3-api.dal.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
3 / US Cross Region Washington DC Endpoint
\ "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
4 / US Cross Region San Jose Endpoint
\ "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
5 / US Cross Region Private Endpoint
\ "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
6 / US Cross Region Dallas Private Endpoint
\ "s3-api.dal-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
7 / US Cross Region Washington DC Private Endpoint
\ "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
8 / US Cross Region San Jose Private Endpoint
\ "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
9 / US Region East Endpoint
\ "s3.us-east.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
10 / US Region East Private Endpoint
\ "s3.us-east.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
11 / US Region South Endpoint
[snip]
34 / Toronto Single Site Private Endpoint
\ "s3.tor01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
endpoint>1
- Specify a IBM COS Location Constraint. The location constraint must match endpoint when using IBM Cloud Public. For on-prem COS, do not make a selection from this list, hit enter
1 / US Cross Region Standard
\ "us-standard"
2 / US Cross Region Vault
\ "us-vault"
3 / US Cross Region Cold
\ "us-cold"
4 / US Cross Region Flex
\ "us-flex"
5 / US East Region Standard
\ "us-east-standard"
6 / US East Region Vault
\ "us-east-vault"
7 / US East Region Cold
\ "us-east-cold"
8 / US East Region Flex
\ "us-east-flex"
9 / US South Region Standard
\ "us-south-standard"
10 / US South Region Vault
\ "us-south-vault"
[snip]
32 / Toronto Flex
\ "tor01-flex"
location_constraint>1
- Specify a canned ACL. IBM Cloud (Strorage) supports "public-read" and "private". IBM Cloud(Infra) supports all the canned ACLs. On-Premise COS supports all the canned ACLs.
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise COS
\ "private"
2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise IBM COS
\ "public-read"
3 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), On-Premise IBM COS
\ "public-read-write"
4 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. Not supported on Buckets. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra) and On-Premise IBM COS
\ "authenticated-read"
acl> 1
- Review the displayed configuration and accept to save the "remote" then quit. The config file should look like this
[xxx]
type = s3
Provider = IBMCOS
access_key_id = xxx
secret_access_key = yyy
endpoint = s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net
location_constraint = us-standard
acl = private
- Execute rclone commands
1) Create a bucket.
rclone mkdir IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket
2) List available buckets.
rclone lsd IBM-COS-XREGION:
-1 2017-11-08 21:16:22 -1 test
-1 2018-02-14 20:16:39 -1 newbucket
3) List contents of a bucket.
rclone ls IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket
18685952 test.exe
4) Copy a file from local to remote.
rclone copy /Users/file.txt IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket
5) Copy a file from remote to local.
rclone copy IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt .
6) Delete a file on remote.
rclone delete IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt
Minio
Minio is an object storage server built for cloud application developers and devops.
It is very easy to install and provides an S3 compatible server which can be used by rclone.
To use it, install Minio following the instructions here.
When it configures itself Minio will print something like this
Endpoint: http://192.168.1.106:9000 http://172.23.0.1:9000
AccessKey: USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
SecretKey: MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
Region: us-east-1
SQS ARNs: arn:minio:sqs:us-east-1:1:redis arn:minio:sqs:us-east-1:2:redis
Browser Access:
http://192.168.1.106:9000 http://172.23.0.1:9000
Command-line Access: https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
$ mc config host add myminio http://192.168.1.106:9000 USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
Object API (Amazon S3 compatible):
Go: https://docs.minio.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide
Java: https://docs.minio.io/docs/java-client-quickstart-guide
Python: https://docs.minio.io/docs/python-client-quickstart-guide
JavaScript: https://docs.minio.io/docs/javascript-client-quickstart-guide
.NET: https://docs.minio.io/docs/dotnet-client-quickstart-guide
Drive Capacity: 26 GiB Free, 165 GiB Total
These details need to go into rclone config
like this. Note that it
is important to put the region in as stated above.
env_auth> 1
access_key_id> USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
secret_access_key> MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
region> us-east-1
endpoint> http://192.168.1.106:9000
location_constraint>
server_side_encryption>
Which makes the config file look like this
[minio]
type = s3
provider = Minio
env_auth = false
access_key_id = USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
secret_access_key = MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
region = us-east-1
endpoint = http://192.168.1.106:9000
location_constraint =
server_side_encryption =
So once set up, for example to copy files into a bucket
rclone copy /path/to/files minio:bucket
Wasabi
Wasabi is a cloud-based object storage service for a broad range of applications and use cases. Wasabi is designed for individuals and organizations that require a high-performance, reliable, and secure data storage infrastructure at minimal cost.
Wasabi provides an S3 interface which can be configured for use with rclone like this.
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
n/s> n
name> wasabi
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio)
\ "s3"
[snip]
Storage> s3
Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
\ "false"
2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
\ "true"
env_auth> 1
AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
access_key_id> YOURACCESSKEY
AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
secret_access_key> YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
Region to connect to.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
/ The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
| Leave location constraint empty.
\ "us-east-1"
[snip]
region> us-east-1
Endpoint for S3 API.
Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
Specify if using an S3 clone such as Ceph.
endpoint> s3.wasabisys.com
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
\ ""
[snip]
location_constraint>
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
\ "private"
[snip]
acl>
The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / None
\ ""
2 / AES256
\ "AES256"
server_side_encryption>
The storage class to use when storing objects in S3.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Default
\ ""
2 / Standard storage class
\ "STANDARD"
3 / Reduced redundancy storage class
\ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
4 / Standard Infrequent Access storage class
\ "STANDARD_IA"
storage_class>
Remote config
--------------------
[wasabi]
env_auth = false
access_key_id = YOURACCESSKEY
secret_access_key = YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
region = us-east-1
endpoint = s3.wasabisys.com
location_constraint =
acl =
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
This will leave the config file looking like this.
[wasabi]
type = s3
provider = Wasabi
env_auth = false
access_key_id = YOURACCESSKEY
secret_access_key = YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
region =
endpoint = s3.wasabisys.com
location_constraint =
acl =
server_side_encryption =
storage_class =
Aliyun OSS / Netease NOS
This describes how to set up Aliyun OSS - Netease NOS is the same except for different endpoints.
Note this is a pretty standard S3 setup, except for the setting of
force_path_style = false
in the advanced config.
# rclone config
e/n/d/r/c/s/q> n
name> oss
Type of storage to configure.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
3 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)
\ "s3"
Storage> s3
Choose your S3 provider.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
8 / Any other S3 compatible provider
\ "Other"
provider> other
Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars).
Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
\ "false"
2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
\ "true"
env_auth> 1
AWS Access Key ID.
Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
access_key_id> xxxxxxxxxxxx
AWS Secret Access Key (password)
Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
secret_access_key> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Region to connect to.
Leave blank if you are using an S3 clone and you don't have a region.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Use this if unsure. Will use v4 signatures and an empty region.
\ ""
2 / Use this only if v4 signatures don't work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH.
\ "other-v2-signature"
region> 1
Endpoint for S3 API.
Required when using an S3 clone.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
endpoint> oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region.
Leave blank if not sure. Used when creating buckets only.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
location_constraint>
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
\ "private"
acl> 1
Edit advanced config? (y/n)
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> y
Chunk size to use for uploading
Enter a size with suffix k,M,G,T. Press Enter for the default ("5M").
chunk_size>
Don't store MD5 checksum with object metadata
Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
disable_checksum>
An AWS session token
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
session_token>
Concurrency for multipart uploads.
Enter a signed integer. Press Enter for the default ("2").
upload_concurrency>
If true use path style access if false use virtual hosted style.
Some providers (eg Aliyun OSS or Netease COS) require this.
Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("true").
force_path_style> false
Remote config
--------------------
[oss]
type = s3
provider = Other
env_auth = false
access_key_id = xxxxxxxxx
secret_access_key = xxxxxxxxxxxxx
endpoint = oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com
acl = private
force_path_style = false
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y